CN110727115A - Super-multi-viewpoint near-to-eye display device based on diffractive optics - Google Patents
Super-multi-viewpoint near-to-eye display device based on diffractive optics Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a super-multi-viewpoint near-to-eye display device based on diffractive optics. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on the diffraction optics comprises a collimation light source, a transmission type spatial light modulator and a phase modulator; the collimated light source is used for providing an incident light source of the near-eye display system; the transmission type spatial light modulator is used for loading a plurality of two-dimensional parallax synthetic images; the phase modulator is used for carrying out space separation and convergence on a two-dimensional parallax image in a near-eye observation area to form super multi-viewpoint distribution. And matching and aligning the pixels of the phase modulator and the pixels of the transmission type spatial light modulator to converge a plurality of compact viewpoints in a near-eye visual area, wherein the viewpoint distance is smaller than the size of a pupil of a human eye, and ultra-multi-viewpoint near-eye display is formed. The invention can solve the problem of convergence adjustment contradiction of the 3D display effect in the near-eye display technology and reduce visual fatigue of observers.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of enhanced display equipment, in particular to a super-multi-viewpoint near-to-eye display device based on diffraction optics.
Background
Near-eye display (NED) devices are key components of the enhanced display (AR) technology, can overlay and fuse real objects and virtual worlds, are widely applied to the fields of medical treatment, military and entertainment, are considered as next-generation mobile display platforms, and are therefore research hotspots of researchers.
A waveguide type near-eye display device is disclosed in the related art, in which a waveguide element includes an incident surface, a light exit surface, a reflection inclined surface, and a plurality of light splitting elements. Image information provided by the display is coupled into the waveguide element through the inclined surface and transmitted, the plurality of light splitting elements reflect at different waveguide positions, and the coupled image enters human eyes. However, in the three-dimensional display effect, the near-eye display device adopts the binocular parallax principle, the generated convergence adjustment contradiction problem is difficult to solve, visual fatigue is easily caused, and the long-time viewing effect is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics, which is used for solving the problem of convergence adjustment conflict and reducing visual fatigue.
A super multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffraction optics comprises a collimation light source, a transmission type spatial light modulator and a phase modulator;
the collimated light source is used for providing an incident light source of the near-eye display system;
the transmission type spatial light modulator is used for loading a plurality of two-dimensional parallax synthetic images;
the phase modulator is used for carrying out space separation and convergence on a two-dimensional parallax image in a near-eye observation area to form super multi-viewpoint distribution.
And matching and aligning the pixels of the phase modulator and the pixels of the transmission type spatial light modulator to converge a plurality of compact viewpoints in a near-eye visual area, wherein the viewpoint distance is smaller than the size of a pupil of a human eye, and ultra-multi-viewpoint near-eye display is formed.
Compared with the prior art, the super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on the diffractive optics has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the nano-grating structure in the phase modulator can regulate and control each pixel on the transmission-type spatial light modulation with high precision and high degree of freedom, can form a convergent viewpoint, and can obviously reduce the influence of crosstalk and aberration compared with a geometric optical modulation mode;
secondly, the convergence viewpoints formed by modulation are arranged into super-multi-viewpoint distribution, the distance between the viewpoints is smaller than the size of pupils of human eyes, more than two visual angles can be observed by a single eye, the adjustment effect of a single-eye multi-focal plane is formed, the problem of convergence adjustment contradiction of three-dimensional display effect in the near-eye display technology is solved, and the visual fatigue of an observer is reduced;
and thirdly, the image only needs to refresh the visual angle image synthesized by a plurality of parallax images, so that compared with holographic display, the data volume of the image can be greatly reduced, and a dynamic three-dimensional display effect can be formed. Therefore, the phase modulator composed of the nanometer grating pixels is adopted to perform space projection, separation and fusion on the images, so that the image crosstalk is reduced, the convergence adjustment contradiction is reduced, and the three-dimensional experience effect of the near-eye display technology is improved.
In addition, the super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on the diffractive optics provided by the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
furthermore, the nano-grating pixel arrays are mutually embedded in an ordered or disordered manner and are uniformly distributed on the light-emitting surface of the phase modulator.
Further, the light emitted by the same group of nano grating pixel arrays in the phase modulator converges to the same viewing angle, the nano grating pixel arrays of different groups converge to different viewing angles, and the distance between the viewing angles is smaller than the size of the pupil of the human eye.
Furthermore, the pixel units in the phase modulator are filled with nano-grating structures, the period and orientation of the nano-grating structures meet the holographic recording and reproducing principle, and the emergent mode of the nano-gratings is transmission or reflection.
Further, the phase modulator is made of a material with a preset transmittance and applied to the augmented reality technology, or the phase modulator is made of an opaque material and applied to the virtual reality technology.
Further, the collimated light source is used for providing plane light sources with the incident vector directions of the light being parallel to each other.
Further, the collimation light source is a laser or LED light source.
Furthermore, the collimation light source is formed by integrating an optical module or is formed by building a point light source through beam expanding and collimation processes.
Further, the light source incidence angle, wavelength and exit angle of the collimation light source and the period and orientation of the nano grating in the phase modulator satisfy the grating diffraction equation.
Further, the shape of the nanograting pixels in the phase modulator may be rectangular, circular, or other shapes, but is not limited thereto; the period of the nanometer grating is between 100nm and 2000nm, and the orientation angle is between 0 DEG and 360 deg.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a nano-grating in an XY plane;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the nanograting device of FIG. 1 in the XZ plane;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the distribution of the raster pixel structure of a single convergence viewpoint according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a first near-eye display device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second near-eye display device in accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third near-eye display device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sub-pixel matching alignment principle in a phase modulator and a transmissive spatial light modulator;
FIG. 8 illustrates one embodiment of a collimated plane wave light source for a near-eye display system of the present invention;
fig. 9 is another alternative form of forming a collimated plane wave light source for a near-eye display system in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below. Several embodiments of the invention are presented in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. As used herein, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," "up," "down," and the like are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must be in a particular orientation, constructed or operated in a particular manner, and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In various means for realizing near-eye display, the phase modulator composed of the nano gratings can form super-multi-view-angle light field regulation and control, realize a 3D display effect without visual fatigue, and is one of the most possible technologies for large-scale application in near-eye display in the future.
Referring first to fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 and 2 are structural diagrams of a diffraction grating with characteristic dimensions in the nanometer scale in the XY plane and the XZ plane. According to the grating diffraction equation, the period and the orientation angle of the nanograting 101, the incident angle of incident light, and the diffraction angle of diffracted light satisfy the following relationships:
wherein the light rays are transmitted in the positive direction of the x-axis, alpha1And beta1Sequentially representing the included angles of the incident light 201 with the x-axis and the y-axis; alpha is alpha2And beta2Sequentially represents the angles of diffracted light 202 with respect to the x-axis and y-axis; n and λ represent, in turn, the refractive index of the nanograting 101 medium and the wavelength of the incident light 201; lambdaxAnd ΛySequentially representing the components of the period lambda of the nano-grating 101 on the x axis and the y axis;
the orientation angle (the angle between the groove shape direction and the positive y-axis direction) of the nanograting 101 is shown. In other words, after the wavelength, the incident angle and the angle of the diffracted light are specified, the light can pass through the two componentsThe period and the orientation angle of the required nanometer diffraction grating are calculated by the formula. For example, when 650nm wavelength red light is normally incident at an included angle of 60 ° with the x-axis and 0 ° with the y-axis (refractive index of 1.5), and diffracted light is included at an included angle of 45 ° with the x-axis and 45 ° with the y-axis, the corresponding nano diffraction grating period is 819nm and the orientation angle is 86.9 ° by calculation.
According to the principle, after a plurality of nano diffraction gratings with different orientation angles and periods are manufactured on the surface of one phase modulator according to needs, light rays directed at different viewing angles can be obtained theoretically, and when each nano diffraction grating is regarded as one pixel, projection of different spatial positions of a multi-viewing-angle image can be realized by matching with control of color and gray scale.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the phase modulator composed of nanometer grating pixels spatially separates images of various visual angles loaded by the transmission type spatial light modulator, the images are projected to a near-eye observation area in a converging mode, the distance between the visual angles is smaller than the size of pupils of human eyes, near-eye superview angle display is formed, and the single-eye multi-focal-plane adjusting effect is achieved. The phase modulator includes sub-pixels corresponding to respective viewing angles, and sub-pixel parameters thereof satisfy equations (1) and (2) obtained as described above. The functional form of the nanometer grating pixel array converts the incident wave front and converts the plane wave into the convergent spherical wave. The essence of the method is that visual angle information provided by the transmission type spatial light modulator is converted into space convergence viewpoint information, and the distance between the viewpoint information is smaller than the size of the pupil of a human eye, so that the three-dimensional adjusting effect of a single-eye multi-focal plane can be realized. Meanwhile, if the phase modulator has a certain transmittance, a real scene and a virtual image can be combined to form an image, so that an augmented reality experience effect is formed; if the phase modulation is opaque, only a virtual image can be viewed, and a virtual reality experience effect is formed.
Hereinafter, a detailed description will be given of a specific embodiment of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a distribution of a raster pixel structure of a single convergence viewpoint according to an embodiment of the present invention. The nano-grating pixels are uniformly distributed on the light-emitting surface of the phase modulator 301, and under the condition of illumination of the incident light 303, the emergent light of the nano-grating pixels can be converged to a single viewpoint. For example, diffracted light rays 304a-304e (including 304a, 304b, 304c, 304d, 304e) of grating pixels 302a-302e (including 302a, 302b, 302c, 302d, 302e) converge to a viewpoint 305 location. The parameters (period and orientation) of the nano-grating pixels on the phase modulator 301 are all different, and a specific theoretical design needs to be performed according to the position coordinates of the nano-grating pixels, the position coordinates of the viewpoint, and the wavelength and angle of incident light, wherein the period and orientation of the nano-pixels with coordinates (x, y) satisfy the following equations (3) and (4):
where λ and θ are the wavelength and angle of incidence of the incident light, respectively; x is the number of0,y0And z0The pixels on the image are not limited to rectangular pixels, but may also be in the shape of pixels, such as circles, diamonds, polygons, and the like, without being limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a near-eye display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which a phase modulator has a certain transmittance, and the device can be applied to an augmented reality display technology. The display system comprises a collimated light source 401, a transmissive spatial light modulator 402 and a phase modulator 403. Incident light generated by the collimating light source 401 carries image information after passing through the transmissive spatial light modulator 402, and after being modulated by the phase modulator 403, the reflected light 404 forms a plurality of convergence viewpoints 405 in a near-eye field area on the same side of the phase modulator, and the space between the convergence viewpoints 405 is smaller than the size of a pupil of a human eye, so that the human eye 406 can observe more than two viewpoints, and the human eye 406 can view a virtual three-dimensional image 407 in front of the viewpoint through retina imaging of the human eye. Meanwhile, because the phase modulator has a certain transmittance, the human eye 406 can also view the real object 408, which results in an augmented reality display effect combining reality and virtual.
Referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which a phase modulator has a certain transmittance, and the device can be applied to an augmented reality display technology. The display system comprises a collimated light source 501, a transmissive spatial light modulator 502 and a phase modulator 503. Incident light generated by a collimating light source 501 passes through a transmission type spatial light modulator 502 and carries image information, after modulation is carried out by a phase modulator 503, the transmission light 504 forms a plurality of convergence viewpoints 505 in a near-eye view field area on the opposite side of the phase modulator, and the distance between the convergence viewpoints 505 is smaller than the size of a pupil of a human eye, so that the human eye 506 can observe more than two viewpoints, and the human eye 506 can view a virtual three-dimensional image 507 in front of the viewpoint through retina imaging of the human eye. Meanwhile, because the phase modulator has a certain transmittance, the human eyes 506 can also view the real object 508, thereby forming an augmented reality display effect combining reality and virtual.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a third near-eye display device according to an embodiment of the present invention, in which the transmittance of the phase modulator is almost zero, and the device can be applied to a virtual reality display technology. The display system comprises a collimated light source 601, a transmissive spatial light modulator 602 and a phase modulator 603. Incident light generated by the collimated light source 601 carries image information after passing through the transmissive spatial light modulator 602, and after being modulated by the phase modulator 603, the reflected light 604 forms a plurality of convergence viewpoints 605 in a near-eye field region on the same side of the phase modulator, and the distance between the convergence viewpoints 605 is smaller than the size of a pupil of a human eye, so that the human eye 606 can observe more than two viewpoints, and the human eye 606 can view a virtual three-dimensional image 607 in front of the viewpoint through retina imaging of the human eye, thereby forming a virtual reality display effect.
The phase modulators and transmissive spatial light modulators in fig. 4, 5 and 6 require sub-pixel matched alignment. As with fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the sub-pixel matching alignment principle in the phase modulator and the transmissive spatial light modulator. To achieve cross-talk free, high definition image spatial projection, the sub-pixels 703a-703f (including 703a, 703b, 703c, 703d, 703e, 703f) of the transmissive spatial light modulator 702 need to be aligned with high precision with the sub-grating pixels 705a-705f (including 705a, 705b, 705c, 705d, 705e, 705f) on the phase modulator 704. Incident light rays 701a to 701f (including 701a, 701b, 701c, 701d, 701e, and 701f) carry multi-view image information after passing through a perspective spatial light modulator 702, are modulated by a phase modulator 704, are spatially separated, and converge at different spatial viewpoint positions. For example, after the view angle images loaded by the pixel 703a and the pixel 703d are modulated by the nano-grating pixel 705a and the pixel 705d, the light rays 706a and 706d converge on the view angle 707 a; the view angle images loaded by the pixel 703b and the pixel 703e are modulated by the nano grating pixel 705b and the pixel 705e, and then the light rays 706b and 706e converge on the view angle 707 b; after the view angle images loaded by the pixel 703c and the pixel 703f are modulated by the nano grating pixel 705c and the pixel 705f, the light rays 706c and 706f converge on a view angle 707c, and the distance between the view angles 707a, 707b and 707c is smaller than the size of the pupil of human eyes, so that near-eye super view angle display is formed.
The incident light source in the near-to-eye display device provided by the invention is a collimated plane wave, can be formed by integrating an optical module, can also be formed by constructing a point light source through processes of expanding beams, collimating and the like, and is not limited to the above. Referring to fig. 8, a collimated plane wave is formed, and the light source system includes a laser 801, a beam expanding system 803, and a collimating system 805. Light rays 802 emitted by the laser 801 are expanded by the beam expanding system 803 to form spherical waves 804, and are modulated by the collimating system 805 to form collimated plane waves 806. Fig. 9 shows another way of forming a collimated plane wave, and the light source system includes a point light source 901 and a collimating system 903. Spherical waves 902 emitted by a point light source 901, which may be a laser or a light source such as an LED, are adjusted by a collimating system 903 to form plane waves 904, but is not limited thereto. The collimating systems 805 and 903 shown in fig. 7 and 8 may be single lens systems or combined lens systems, and are not limited thereto.
In the phase modulator of the present invention, the pixels of the nanometer diffraction grating can be fabricated by photolithography and nanoimprint. It should be noted that, in the present invention, the lithography method may be adopted to etch the surface of the on-site phase modulator to produce the nano-gratings with different parameters, or the lithography method may be adopted to firstly produce the mask capable of being used for imprinting, and then the nano-imprinting technology is adopted to imprint the patterns of the nano-gratings on the on-site phase modulator in large quantities.
In summary, the invention discloses a super multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics. In the invention, by utilizing the high-precision and high-freedom spatial regulation and control capability of the phase modulator and combining the display image provided by the transmission-type spatial light modulator, super multi-viewpoint display can be formed in the near-eye field area, the problems of image crosstalk, large data volume refreshing and convergence regulation contradiction in the current near-eye display technology are effectively solved, and a feasible scheme is provided for industrial application. Compared with the prior art, the device has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the nano-grating structure in the phase modulator can regulate and control each pixel on the transmission-type spatial light modulation with high precision and high degree of freedom, can form a convergent viewpoint, and can obviously reduce the influence of crosstalk and aberration compared with a geometric optical modulation mode;
secondly, the convergence viewpoints formed by modulation are arranged into super-multi-viewpoint distribution, the distance between the viewpoints is smaller than the size of pupils of human eyes, more than two visual angles can be observed by a single eye, the adjustment effect of a single-eye multi-focal plane is formed, the problem of convergence adjustment contradiction of three-dimensional display effect in the near-eye display technology is solved, and the visual fatigue of an observer is reduced;
and thirdly, the image only needs to refresh the visual angle image synthesized by a plurality of parallax images, so that compared with holographic display, the data volume of the image can be greatly reduced, and a dynamic three-dimensional display effect can be formed. Therefore, the phase modulator composed of the nanometer grating pixels is adopted to perform space projection, separation and fusion on the images, so that the image crosstalk is reduced, the convergence adjustment contradiction is reduced, and the three-dimensional experience effect of the near-eye display technology is improved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on the diffraction optics is characterized by comprising a collimation light source, a transmission type spatial light modulator and a phase modulator;
the collimated light source is used for providing an incident light source of the near-eye display system;
the transmission type spatial light modulator is used for loading a plurality of two-dimensional parallax synthetic images;
the phase modulator is used for carrying out space separation and convergence on a two-dimensional parallax image in a near-eye observation area to form super multi-viewpoint distribution.
And matching and aligning the pixels of the phase modulator and the pixels of the transmission type spatial light modulator to converge a plurality of compact viewpoints in a near-eye visual area, wherein the viewpoint distance is smaller than the size of a pupil of a human eye, and ultra-multi-viewpoint near-eye display is formed.
2. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 1, wherein the nano-grating pixel arrays are mutually embedded in an ordered or disordered manner and are uniformly distributed on the light-emitting surface of the phase modulator.
3. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 1, wherein light emitted by the same group of nano-grating pixel arrays in the phase modulator converges to the same viewing angle, different groups of nano-grating pixel arrays converge to different viewing angles, and a distance between the viewing angles is smaller than a human eye pupil distance.
4. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 1, wherein the pixel units in the phase modulator are filled with nano-grating structures, the period and orientation of the nano-grating structures satisfy the holographic recording and reproducing principle, and the nano-gratings are emitted in a transmission or reflection manner.
5. The super multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 1, wherein the phase modulator is made of a material with a preset transmittance for application in augmented reality technology, or made of an opaque material for application in virtual reality technology.
6. The diffractive optics-based ultra-multi-view near-eye display device according to claim 1, wherein the collimated light source is used to provide planar light sources with light incident vector directions parallel to each other.
7. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 6, wherein the collimated light source is a laser or LED light source.
8. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on the diffractive optics according to claim 6, wherein the collimated light source is formed by integrating an optical module or is formed by building a point light source through beam expanding and collimating processes.
9. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 1, wherein the light source incidence angle, wavelength and exit angle of the collimated light source and the period and orientation of the nano-grating in the phase modulator satisfy the grating diffraction equation.
10. The super-multi-viewpoint near-eye display device based on diffractive optics according to claim 1, wherein the period of the nanograting in the phase modulator is between 100nm and 2000nm, and the orientation angle is between 0 ° and 360 °.
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Application publication date: 20200124 |