CN110726265B - Pulse tube refrigerator and hydrogen supply refrigerating system of fuel cell automobile - Google Patents
Pulse tube refrigerator and hydrogen supply refrigerating system of fuel cell automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110726265B CN110726265B CN201910989041.0A CN201910989041A CN110726265B CN 110726265 B CN110726265 B CN 110726265B CN 201910989041 A CN201910989041 A CN 201910989041A CN 110726265 B CN110726265 B CN 110726265B
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- pipeline
- pulse tube
- valve
- communicated
- fuel cell
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
- F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
Abstract
The invention provides a pulse tube refrigerator and a hydrogen supply refrigeration system of a fuel cell automobile, wherein the pulse tube refrigerator comprises three-level pulse tubes, so that larger refrigeration capacity can be obtained; but with the increase of the number of the pulse tube stages, the pressure of the working gas in the pulse tube can be obviously reduced, and the refrigeration capacity of the pulse tube is influenced due to the large volume of the pulse tube; therefore, the second-stage pulse tube and the third-stage pulse tube of the pulse tube refrigerator adopt the parallel connection of a plurality of pulse tube assemblies, so that the volume of a single pulse tube is reduced, and the refrigeration effect is further improved. The hydrogen supply refrigeration system of the fuel cell automobile leads high-pressure hydrogen into the pulse tube refrigerator before depressurization by adding the pulse tube refrigerator, effectively utilizes the high-quality energy, provides additional cold energy for the fuel cell automobile, reduces the energy consumption of an automobile air conditioning system to a certain extent, and achieves the aim of saving energy of the whole automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile energy, in particular to a pulse tube refrigerator and a hydrogen supply refrigeration system of a fuel cell automobile.
Background
In recent years, along with the increase of global warming, countries have started to strongly limit the emission of greenhouse gases. The hydrogen fuel cell automobile is taken as a new energy environment-friendly automobile with the most development prospect in the 2l century, and is currently in the initial commercial application stage in the global range. The fuel cell automobile uses hydrogen as fuel, two high-pressure hydrogen storage bottles are usually arranged on the automobile to store the hydrogen, the hydrogen needs to be reduced in pressure through a pressure reducing valve before entering the fuel cell through a hydrogen supply pipeline, the pressure of the hydrogen cannot be effectively utilized, and energy waste is caused.
The pulse tube refrigerator has no moving parts, simple structure and long service life. Compared with other refrigeration systems, the pulse tube refrigerator has stronger anti-electromagnetic interference capability and shock absorption capability. In recent years, pulse tube refrigerators have been widely used in the field of low temperature refrigeration. Compared with a basic pulse tube refrigerator, the G-M pulse tube refrigerator is provided with a room temperature moving part of a rotary valve to control air charging and discharging, and has the advantages of simpler structure, reliable operation and convenient maintenance.
However, the refrigerating capacity of the existing pulse tube refrigerator is not large enough, and a plurality of defects still exist when the pulse tube refrigerator is applied to an automobile system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pulse tube refrigerator with larger refrigerating capacity and a hydrogen supply refrigerating system of a fuel cell automobile, which can effectively utilize hydrogen energy and provide a cold source for an air conditioning system of the automobile so as to effectively reduce the energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a pulse tube refrigerator, which comprises a first-stage pulse tube, a second-stage pulse tube and a third-stage pulse tube; the exhaust port of the first-stage pulse tube is communicated with the inlet port of the second-stage pulse tube; the exhaust port of the second-stage pulse tube is communicated with the inlet port of the third-stage pulse tube;
the primary, secondary, and tertiary vessels each include at least one vascular component.
Preferably, the pulse tube assembly comprises a heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger, a flow guider, a pulse tube and a hot end heat exchanger; one end of the heat regenerator is communicated with one end of the cold-end heat exchanger, the other end of the cold-end heat exchanger is communicated with one end of the fluid director, the other end of the fluid director is communicated with one end of the pulse tube, and the other end of the pulse tube is communicated with one end of the hot-end heat exchanger.
Preferably, the connection ends of the air inlets and the air outlets of the first stage pulse tube, the second stage pulse tube and the third stage pulse tube are provided with rotary valves.
Preferably, said first level vessel comprises one said vascular assembly;
the secondary vessel comprises three vessel assemblies which are connected in parallel through flow dividers;
the third-stage vessel comprises five vessel assemblies, and the five vessel assemblies are connected in parallel with each other through flow dividers.
The invention also provides a hydrogen supply refrigeration system of the fuel cell automobile, which comprises the following components: hydrogen storage tanks, pulse tube refrigerators, and fuel cells;
the hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the pulse tube refrigerant through a first pipeline, and the pulse tube refrigerator is communicated with the fuel cell through a second pipeline.
Preferably, the first pipeline is provided with a first pressure sensor, a first solenoid valve, a needle valve, a second solenoid valve, a first pressure reducing valve, a first pressure stabilizing valve, a second pressure sensor and a third solenoid valve in sequence from the hydrogen storage tank to the pulse tube refrigerator.
Preferably, a third pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a second pressure reducing valve, a second pressure maintaining valve, a second temperature sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are sequentially arranged in the second pipeline from the pulse tube refrigerator to the fuel cell.
Preferably, a third pipeline is communicated between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, one end of the third pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the first pipeline, and the other end of the third pipeline is communicated with the air outlet of the second pipeline;
a first safety valve, an exhaust valve and a third safety valve are sequentially arranged on the third pipeline from the hydrogen storage tank to the fuel cell;
a fourth pipeline is communicated between the third pipeline and the first pipeline, and the connecting end of the fourth pipeline and the third pipeline is positioned between the emptying valve and the safety valve; the connection end of the fourth pipeline and the first pipeline is positioned between the second pressure sensor and the third electromagnetic valve; and a second safety valve is preset on the fourth pipeline.
Preferably, a fifth pipeline is further communicated between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, and a connection end of the fifth pipeline and the first pipeline is located between the second pressure sensor and the third electromagnetic valve; the connecting end of the fifth pipeline and the second pipeline is positioned between the first temperature sensor and the second pressure reducing valve; and a fourth electromagnetic valve is preset on the fifth pipeline.
Preferably, the first pipeline is further communicated with an inflation pipeline, the inflation pipeline is communicated with the needle valve, and a one-way valve and an inflation valve are preset on the inflation pipeline.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the pulse tube refrigerator comprises the three-level pulse tubes, so that higher refrigerating capacity can be obtained;
but with the increase of the number of the pulse tube stages, the pressure of the working gas in the pulse tube can be obviously reduced, and the refrigeration capacity of the pulse tube is influenced due to the large volume of the pulse tube; therefore, the second-stage pulse tube and the third-stage pulse tube of the pulse tube refrigerator adopt the parallel connection of a plurality of pulse tube assemblies, so that the volume of a single pulse tube is reduced, and the refrigeration effect is further improved.
The hydrogen supply refrigeration system of the fuel cell automobile leads high-pressure hydrogen into the pulse tube refrigerator before depressurization by adding the pulse tube refrigerator, effectively utilizes the high-quality energy, provides additional cold energy for the fuel cell automobile, reduces the energy consumption of an automobile air conditioning system to a certain extent, and achieves the aim of saving energy of the whole automobile.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a pulse tube refrigerator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a hydrogen supply refrigeration system of a fuel cell vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a pulse tube refrigerator, which includes a primary pulse tube, a secondary pulse tube and a tertiary pulse tube; the exhaust port of the first-stage pulse tube is communicated with the air inlet of the second-stage pulse tube; the exhaust port of the second-stage pulse tube is communicated with the air inlet of the third-stage pulse tube;
the primary, secondary, and tertiary vessels each include at least one vessel component.
In the embodiment, the pulse tube assembly comprises a heat regenerator 1, a cold-end heat exchanger 2, a flow guider 3, a pulse tube 4 and a hot-end heat exchanger 5; hydrogen firstly enters a regenerator 1 of a pulse tube refrigerator to be cooled, then enters a pulse tube 4 through a cold end heat exchanger 2 and a fluid director 3, the gas moves along the axial direction of the pulse tube 4 to compress the original gas in the pulse tube 4, meanwhile, the gas is sequentially compressed in different degrees, the temperature is sequentially increased to form a temperature gradient, and at the tail end of the pulse tube with the highest temperature, the gas exchanges heat with a hot end heat exchanger 5 to be cooled, so that the inflation process is completed. Then the rotary valve 6 is opened, the gas returns to the original path, and enters the next stage pulse tube through the rotary valve after exiting the heat regenerator 1.
In this embodiment, the connection ends of the air inlet and the air outlet of the first stage pulse tube, the second stage pulse tube and the third stage pulse tube are all provided with a rotary valve 6.
In this embodiment, the first level vessel comprises one vessel component;
the second-stage pulse tube comprises three pulse tube components which are connected in parallel through a flow divider 7;
the third stage of the vascular system comprises five vascular assemblies which are connected in parallel with each other through the flow dividers 7.
In the present embodiment, the pulse tube refrigerator 12 operates according to the following principle: after passing through the electromagnetic valve 3, hydrogen after being depressurized by the depressurization valve firstly enters a first-stage pulse tube for refrigeration, hydrogen after being expanded by the first stage directly enters a second-stage pulse tube for refrigeration through the rotary valve, namely, exhaust of the first stage becomes air intake of the second stage, the air intake of the second stage is uniformly divided into three gas flows through the shunt and simultaneously enters three pulse tubes for refrigeration, and the hydrogen after being expanded enters a third-stage pulse tube for refrigeration through the rotary valve.
As shown in fig. 2, the present invention further provides a hydrogen supply refrigeration system of a fuel cell 13 automobile, comprising: a hydrogen storage tank 11, a pulse tube refrigerator 12 and a fuel cell 13;
the hydrogen storage tank 11 is communicated with pulse tube refrigerant through a first pipeline, and the pulse tube refrigerator 12 is communicated with the fuel cell 13 through a second pipeline.
In the present embodiment, the first conduit is provided with a first pressure sensor 14, a first solenoid valve 15, a needle valve 16, a second solenoid valve 17, a first pressure reducing valve 18, a first pressure maintaining valve 19, a second pressure sensor 20 and a third solenoid valve 21 in sequence from the hydrogen storage tank 11 to the pulse tube refrigerator 12.
In the present embodiment, the second pipeline is provided with a third pressure sensor 22, a first temperature sensor 23, a second pressure reducing valve 24, a second pressure maintaining valve 25, a second temperature sensor 26 and a fourth pressure sensor 27 in sequence from the pulse tube refrigerator 12 to the fuel cell 13.
In this embodiment, a third pipeline is communicated between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, one end of the third pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the first pipeline, and the other end of the third pipeline is communicated with the air outlet of the second pipeline;
a first safety valve 28, an exhaust valve 29 and a third safety valve 30 are arranged on the third pipeline in sequence from the hydrogen storage tank 11 to the fuel cell 13;
a fourth pipeline is communicated between the third pipeline and the first pipeline, and the connecting end of the fourth pipeline and the third pipeline is positioned between the emptying valve 29 and the safety valve; the connection end of the fourth pipeline and the first pipeline is positioned between the second pressure sensor 20 and the third electromagnetic valve 21; a second safety valve 31 is foreseen on the fourth duct.
In the embodiment, a fifth pipeline is further communicated between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, and a connection end of the fifth pipeline and the first pipeline is located between the second pressure sensor 20 and the third electromagnetic valve 21; the connecting end of the fifth pipeline and the second pipeline is positioned between the first temperature sensor 23 and the second pressure reducing valve; a fourth solenoid valve 32 is predisposed on the fifth duct.
In the present embodiment, the first conduit is further connected to an inflation conduit, the inflation conduit is connected to the needle valve 16, and the inflation conduit is provided with a check valve 34 and an inflation valve 33 in advance.
In this embodiment, the working principle of the hydrogen supply refrigeration system is as follows: under the condition that the system normally works, a relative in a hydrogen storage tank 11 firstly passes through a first pressure sensor 14 and a first opened electromagnetic valve 15, adjusts the flow through a needle valve 16, then enters a first pressure reducing valve 18 and a first pressure stabilizing valve 19 through a second electromagnetic valve 17, controls the pressure at a certain value, then detects whether the pressure is at a normal value through a second pressure sensor 20, and if the pressure is at the normal value, a fourth electromagnetic valve 32 and a second safety valve 31 are closed, a third electromagnetic valve 21 is opened, and the hydrogen storage tank enters a pulse tube refrigerator 12 for refrigeration process; after the refrigeration is finished, the refrigerant is discharged into the second pipeline, after the temperature and the pressure are measured by the third pressure sensor 22 and the first temperature sensor 23, the refrigerant is stabilized by the second pressure reducing valve 24 and the second pressure stabilizing valve 25, and after the pressure and the temperature are measured by the second temperature sensor 26 and the fourth pressure sensor 27, the refrigerant is introduced into the fuel cell 13 for utilization.
If the second pressure sensor 20 measures that the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the first pipe is too high, the third electromagnetic valve 21 is closed, the second electromagnetic valve 17 is opened, and the hydrogen gas is discharged from the purge valve 29.
If the first temperature sensor 23 and the third pressure sensor 22 sense that the hydrogen parameters coming out of the pulse tube refrigerator 12 are abnormal, at this time, the third electromagnetic valve 21 is closed, the fourth electromagnetic valve 32 is opened, and the hydrogen in the first pipeline directly enters the fuel cell 13 through the second pipeline along the fifth pipeline and bypasses the pulse tube refrigerator 12.
If the second temperature sensor 26 and the fourth pressure sensor 27 sense that the pressure or temperature of the hydrogen gas is too high and abnormal, the third safety valve 30 is directly opened, and the hydrogen gas in the second pipe is discharged from the purge valve 29 through the third pipe.
If the hydrogen tank needs to be inflated, the second electromagnetic valve 17 is closed, and the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank 11 through the first electromagnetic valve 15 and the first pressure sensor 14 after passing through the check valve 34 and the needle valve 16 through the inflation valve 33 on the inflation pipeline; if the first pressure sensor 14 senses that the pressure of the hydrogen gas coming from the gas charging pipe is too high, the first safety valve 28 is opened to discharge the hydrogen gas to the atmosphere through the purge valve 29.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make any equivalent substitutions or modifications of the technical solutions and technical contents disclosed in the present invention without departing from the technical scope of the present invention, and still fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A hydrogen supply refrigeration system for a fuel cell vehicle, comprising: hydrogen storage tanks, pulse tube refrigerators, and fuel cells;
the pulse tube refrigerator comprises a first-stage pulse tube, a second-stage pulse tube and a third-stage pulse tube; the exhaust port of the first-stage pulse tube is communicated with the inlet port of the second-stage pulse tube; the exhaust port of the second-stage pulse tube is communicated with the inlet port of the third-stage pulse tube;
the first, second, and third stage vessels each comprise at least one vessel component;
the pulse tube assembly comprises a heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger, a flow guider, a pulse tube and a hot end heat exchanger; one end of the regenerator is communicated with one end of the cold-end heat exchanger, the other end of the cold-end heat exchanger is communicated with one end of the fluid director, the other end of the fluid director is communicated with one end of the pulse tube, and the other end of the pulse tube is communicated with one end of the hot-end heat exchanger;
rotary valves are arranged at the connecting ends of the air inlets and the air outlets of the first-stage pulse tube, the second-stage pulse tube and the third-stage pulse tube;
the first level vessel comprises one of the vessel assemblies;
the secondary vessel comprises three vessel assemblies which are connected in parallel through flow dividers;
the third-stage vessel comprises five vessel assemblies, and the five vessel assemblies are mutually connected in parallel through flow dividers;
the hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the pulse tube refrigerant through a first pipeline, and the pulse tube refrigerator is communicated with the fuel cell through a second pipeline;
a first pressure sensor, a first electromagnetic valve, a needle valve, a second electromagnetic valve, a first pressure reducing valve, a first pressure stabilizing valve, a second pressure sensor and a third electromagnetic valve are sequentially arranged in the first pipeline from the hydrogen storage tank to the pulse tube refrigerator;
a third pressure sensor, a first temperature sensor, a second pressure reducing valve, a second pressure stabilizing valve, a second temperature sensor and a fourth pressure sensor are sequentially arranged in the second pipeline from the pulse tube refrigerator to the fuel cell;
a third pipeline is communicated between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, one end of the third pipeline is communicated with the air inlet of the first pipeline, and the other end of the third pipeline is communicated with the air outlet of the second pipeline;
a first safety valve, an exhaust valve and a third safety valve are sequentially arranged on the third pipeline from the hydrogen storage tank to the fuel cell;
a fourth pipeline is communicated between the third pipeline and the first pipeline, and the connecting end of the fourth pipeline and the third pipeline is positioned between the emptying valve and the safety valve; the connection end of the fourth pipeline and the first pipeline is positioned between the second pressure sensor and the third electromagnetic valve; and a second safety valve is preset on the fourth pipeline.
2. The hydrogen supply refrigeration system of the fuel cell automobile according to claim 1, wherein a fifth pipeline is further communicated between the first pipeline and the second pipeline, and a connection end of the fifth pipeline and the first pipeline is located between the second pressure sensor and the third electromagnetic valve; the connecting end of the fifth pipeline and the second pipeline is positioned between the first temperature sensor and the second pressure reducing valve; and a fourth electromagnetic valve is preset on the fifth pipeline.
3. The hydrogen supply refrigeration system of the fuel cell automobile as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first pipeline is further communicated with an inflation pipeline, the inflation pipeline is communicated with the needle valve, and a one-way valve and an inflation valve are preset on the inflation pipeline.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910989041.0A CN110726265B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Pulse tube refrigerator and hydrogen supply refrigerating system of fuel cell automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910989041.0A CN110726265B (en) | 2019-10-17 | 2019-10-17 | Pulse tube refrigerator and hydrogen supply refrigerating system of fuel cell automobile |
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| CN110726265A CN110726265A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
| CN110726265B true CN110726265B (en) | 2021-11-19 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002106993A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-10 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Gm type pulse tube refrigerating machine |
| US6374617B1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-04-23 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic pulse tube system |
| CN1373335A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-10-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Low-temp refrigerator with inverse gas circulation and without heat regenerator |
| US20040055313A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-03-25 | The Coleman Company, Inc. | Portable insulated container with refrigeration |
| CN102506513A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 浙江大学 | Stirling pulse tube refrigerator connected with displacer |
| CN106595121A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海理工大学 | Single compressor-driven multi-temperature area mixed refrigerating system |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3566751B2 (en) * | 1994-06-16 | 2004-09-15 | エア・ウォーター株式会社 | Large pulse tube refrigerator |
-
2019
- 2019-10-17 CN CN201910989041.0A patent/CN110726265B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002106993A (en) * | 2000-09-28 | 2002-04-10 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | Gm type pulse tube refrigerating machine |
| US6374617B1 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2002-04-23 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Cryogenic pulse tube system |
| CN1373335A (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-10-09 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Low-temp refrigerator with inverse gas circulation and without heat regenerator |
| US20040055313A1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-03-25 | The Coleman Company, Inc. | Portable insulated container with refrigeration |
| CN102506513A (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2012-06-20 | 浙江大学 | Stirling pulse tube refrigerator connected with displacer |
| CN106595121A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-04-26 | 上海理工大学 | Single compressor-driven multi-temperature area mixed refrigerating system |
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