CN110725941B - Structure and assembly method of speed reducer gear shifting device - Google Patents
Structure and assembly method of speed reducer gear shifting device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110725941B CN110725941B CN201910858783.XA CN201910858783A CN110725941B CN 110725941 B CN110725941 B CN 110725941B CN 201910858783 A CN201910858783 A CN 201910858783A CN 110725941 B CN110725941 B CN 110725941B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/02—Selector apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P21/00—Machines for assembling a multiplicity of different parts to compose units, with or without preceding or subsequent working of such parts, e.g. with programme control
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Abstract
The invention discloses a speed reducer gear shifting device structure.A bracket is fixedly arranged on a box body, a long shaft is sleeved in a bearing I at the upper end of the bracket, the other end of the long shaft is sleeved in a horizontal hole at the upper end of a swing arm, and a bearing IV is also arranged on the long shaft close to the swing arm; the lower end of the swing arm is in transmission connection with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder, and a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder seat; a left shifting fork and a right shifting fork are sleeved on the circumference of the long shaft, the left shifting fork is connected with the long shaft through a first double key in a double key groove, and one or more sets of Z-shaped expansion sleeves are arranged between the long shaft and a hub hole of the right shifting fork; the upper end of the left shifting fork is provided with a bearing II, and the upper end of the right shifting fork is provided with a bearing III. The invention also discloses an assembling method of the speed reducer gear shifting device. The device and the method improve the assembly efficiency and are safe and reliable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mechanical equipment manufacturing, relates to a speed reducer gear shifting device structure, and further relates to an assembling method of the speed reducer gear shifting device.
Background
The common gear shifting device of the speed reducer generally realizes gear shifting through double-key synchronous rotation, has high processing precision requirement and poor rigidity, easily causes the problems of asynchronism, force build-up and the like in assembly and field installation, has poor contact after key matching, easily causes the looseness of a matching key between a shaft and a hub after long-term use, seriously influences the gear shifting effect of a gear of the speed reducer, reduces the reliability, even causes the damage of a gear pair structure, and has extremely serious consequences.
In a similar structure, a plurality of material guiding rollers arranged in front of and behind the six-roller mill are double-key-connected double-swing arms, and due to the fact that the requirements on machining precision of key grooves on a shaft and a hub are high, common defects that a horizontal roller gap cannot be eliminated are caused by poor rigidity of the whole structure, error of machining angles of the key grooves and the like, users complain about even claim money.
Therefore, it is desirable to develop a new shifting apparatus and method that is reliable and practical to meet the above shifting requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a speed reducer gear shifting device structure, which solves the problems that in the prior art, a shifting fork mounting structure is unreasonable, the assembly is difficult, the processing and repairing difficulty is high, the processing precision is not high, keys frequently used on site are easy to loosen, the reliability is obviously reduced, and the normal use is seriously influenced.
The invention also aims to provide an assembling method of the speed reducer gear shifting device, which solves the problems that in the prior art, shifting forks are asynchronous, difficult to assemble, difficult to machine and repair, low in machining precision, easy to loosen when keys are frequently used on site, obviously reduced in reliability and seriously influenced in normal use.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that a speed reducer gear shifting device structure is characterized in that a support is fixedly arranged on a box body, a long shaft is sleeved on a bearing at the upper end of the support, the other end of the long shaft is sleeved in a horizontal hole at the upper end of a swing arm, and a bearing IV is also arranged on the long shaft close to the swing arm; the lower end of the swing arm is in transmission connection with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder, and a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder seat; a left shifting fork and a right shifting fork are sleeved on the circumference of the long shaft, the left shifting fork is connected with the long shaft through a first double key in a double key groove, and one or more sets of Z-shaped expansion sleeves are arranged between the long shaft and a hub hole of the right shifting fork; the upper end of the left shifting fork is provided with a bearing II, and the upper end of the right shifting fork is provided with a bearing III.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the assembling method of the speed reducer gear shifting device adopts a Z-shaped expansion sleeve and is implemented according to the following steps:
and 6, assembling the swing arm and the hydraulic cylinder, and calibrating the extension length of the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder.
The invention has the advantages that the used expansion sleeve replaces key connection, and is safe and reliable, the installation and adjustment are simple and easy, the synchronization of the shifting fork is ensured, and the gear shifting is reliable. The synchronous problem of shifting fork type and swing arm type mechanisms is completely solved, the reliability and the safety are improved, the product quality is ensured, the production period is shortened, the structure can be popularized and used for a long time, and a new method is provided for similar structures.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a prior art shifting device (shown schematically in section A-A in FIG. 2);
FIG. 2 is a view from the direction B of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a shift device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a Z-shaped expansion sleeve used on the shifting apparatus of the present invention, wherein FIG. 4a is an axial view, FIG. 4b is a top view of FIG. 4a, and FIG. 4C is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line C-C of FIG. 4 a;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the shifting principle of the device of the invention.
In the figure, 1, a box body; 2. a support; 3. a first bearing; 4. a first double bond; 5. a left shifting fork; 6. a second bearing; 7. an inner gear sleeve; 8. a third bearing; 9. a right fork; 10. a second double bond; 11. a long axis; 12. a bearing IV; 13. swinging arms; 14. a hydraulic cylinder; 15. a hydraulic cylinder base; 16. a transparent cover; 17. a gland; 18. a shift gear; 19. a gear shaft; 20, a Z-shaped expansion sleeve, 21, an inner ring; 22. a screw; 23. and (4) an outer ring.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a gear shifting device in the prior art is structurally characterized in that a support 2 is fixedly mounted on a box body 1, a long shaft 11 is sleeved in a bearing I3 at the upper end of the support 2, the other end of the long shaft 11 is sleeved in a horizontal hole at the upper end of a swing arm 13, a transparent cover 16 is arranged outside the horizontal hole at the upper end, a bearing IV 12 is further arranged on the long shaft 11 close to the swing arm 13, and the bearing IV 12 is matched with the bearing I3 to horizontally support the long shaft 11 on the box body 1; the lower end of the swing arm 13 is in transmission connection with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder 14, and a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder 14 is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder seat 15; a left shifting fork 5 and a right shifting fork 9 are sleeved on the circumference of the long shaft 11, double key grooves are formed between hub holes of the left shifting fork 5 and the right shifting fork 9 and the long shaft 11, the left shifting fork 5 is circumferentially positioned with the long shaft 11 through a double key I4 in the double key grooves, and the right shifting fork 9 is circumferentially positioned with the long shaft 11 through a double key II 10 in the double key grooves; a second bearing 6 is arranged at the upper end of the left shifting fork 5, a third bearing 8 is arranged at the upper end of the right shifting fork 9, a gland 17 is respectively arranged on the second bearing 6 and the third bearing 8, and the second bearing 6 and the third bearing 8 are arranged coaxially relative to each other; the internal teeth of the internal gear sleeve 7 and the external teeth of the shifting gear 18 form a pair of gear pairs, and the shifting gear 18 is fixedly connected with a gear shaft 19; the bearing II 6 and the bearing III 8 are attached to the inner side wall of the annular groove of the inner gear sleeve 7, relative sliding is generated simultaneously with the bearing II 6 and the bearing III 8 along with the rotation of the inner gear sleeve 7 when the hydraulic control is used for gear shifting, and sliding friction drives the bearing II 6 and the bearing III 8 to rotate so as to realize gear shifting.
It can be seen that, in the above structure of the prior art, the double key grooves between the hub holes of the left and right shifting forks 5 and 9 and the long shaft 11 are slightly deformed due to machining errors or workpiece machining, so that a certain angle difference occurs after the left and right shifting forks 5 and 9 are assembled, and synchronization cannot be completely achieved, in this way, the bearing two 6 and the bearing three 8 cannot be simultaneously installed in the snap ring groove of the inner gear sleeve 7, when the hydraulic cylinder 14 stretches out and draws back, the linear motion of the inner gear sleeve 7 is converted into the swing of the two shifting forks, when the bearing in the snap ring groove of the inner gear sleeve 7 is driven to swing around the shaft, the side wall of the snap ring groove cannot be simultaneously pushed, or one end of the bearing is pushed, the other end of the bearing is not abutted against the upper side wall, the bearing is unevenly stressed, the small deformation is generated, and the sliding of the inner gear sleeve 7 is difficult to realize speed change.
As such, assembly can only be remedied by two methods: firstly, the direction of a key matching surface between a long shaft and a shifting fork hub hole is trimmed into a step key, so that the shifting fork arms are basically consistent in angle; and secondly, the shifting fork arms are cut off from the welding seam and then welded into a whole again. Such a process, while capable of assembly, has two drawbacks: the former method is that the strength of the contact surface is weakened, the matching is not good, the precision is difficult to control, the matching surface is loosened due to the frequent use of keys, and the action is not flexible; the latter method has stress concentration phenomenon after welding, cannot release stress, is uneven in stress, cannot build strength, has welding defects and the like. Although the two methods temporarily solve the assembly problem, the reliability is greatly reduced and the potential safety hazard exists after long-term examination when the method is used on the site of a user.
Referring to fig. 3, 4a, 4b and 4c, the shifting apparatus of the present invention has one or more sets of Z-shaped expansion sleeves 20 (i.e., expansion coupling sleeves) installed between the long shaft 11 and the hub hole of the right fork 9; the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is structurally characterized by comprising an inner ring 21 and an outer ring 23 which are made of expansion materials, wherein a circle of screw holes are arranged between the inner ring 21 and the outer ring 23, and each screw hole is provided with a screw 22;
under the action of axial force generated by pretightening the screw 22, the inner ring 21 bulges towards the axial lead (namely, the inner diameter of the inner ring 21 is reduced), so that the inner ring 21 of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is tightly attached to the circumferential surface of the long shaft 11, and sufficient friction force is generated so as to transmit torque; meanwhile, the outer ring 23 bulges outwards (i.e. the outer diameter of the outer ring 23 is expanded), so that the outer ring 23 of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is tightly attached to the hub hole of the right shifting fork 9, and sufficient friction force is generated so as to transmit torque; and then, the left shifting fork 5 and the right shifting fork 9 synchronously rotate, and the bearing II 6 and the bearing III 8 simultaneously push the inner gear sleeve 7 through the side wall in the clamping groove to realize gear shifting.
The connection mode of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 has good centering performance, the relative position of the long shaft 11 and the hub of the right shifting fork 9 is convenient to adjust, disassemble and assemble, and the conical surface is loosened by using a jackscrew of the end surface during disassembly; the smaller the taper half angle α of the conical surface of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20, the greater the pressure of the joint surface and thus the greater the torque transmitted. However, when the alpha is too small, the disassembly is inconvenient, the preferred value range is that the alpha is 10-14 degrees, the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is made of 65Mn, 60Cr2 and the like, and the size and the rated load are standardized. The tolerance of the long shaft 11 in sleeving connection with the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is H7 or H8, and the tolerance of the hub hole of the right shifting fork 9 in sleeving connection with the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is H7 or H8; the performance rating of the screw 22 installed in the Z-expander 20 is 12.9. The hub outer diameter DN of the right shifting fork 9 is related to factors such as hub materials, the outer diameter of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20, the structural coefficient of the hub, the surface pressure of the outer ring of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 and the like, and can be checked and calculated by a formula according to actual conditions; the length of the right fork 9 in the left-right direction of the hub hole is generally twice the width L of the outer ring 23 (i.e., 2L in fig. 3); because the hub hole of the right shifting fork 9 and the matching key groove of the long shaft 11 are eliminated, the matching tolerance is degraded, the same phase requirement of double key grooves is avoided, the processing difficulty is reduced, the production period can be shortened, the product quality is ensured, and the service life is long.
The basis for the manufacture of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is,
in fig. 1, the shift gear 18 and the inner sleeve gear 7 form a pair of gear pairs, and slip is generated against friction force, and torque is generated by friction force, and the magnitude of the friction force is F ═ μ G;
mu is a static friction coefficient, for two given surfaces, independent of the area of the contact surface, theoretically, the maximum static friction coefficient is slightly larger than the sliding friction coefficient, and when compensation is carried out, the sliding friction coefficient is generally considered to be equal to the static friction coefficient; and G is the mass of the inner tooth socket 7 in kilograms.
Referring to fig. 5, when the bearing two 6 and the bearing three 8 move around the axis L (only one bearing is shown in fig. 5), the component force received by the inner gear sleeve 7 in the moving direction is constant all the time, and the radial component force received by the two shifting forks is changed from small to large, so that the resultant steering force is changed from small to large, the torque is minimum at the midpoint position (neutral position), the torque is also maximum at the half stroke S of the hydraulic cylinder 14 to overcome the friction force to slide all the time along with the increase of the rotation angle γ, the steering force is maximum, the torque is also maximum, the torque required by the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is also maximum, and at this time, the inner gear sleeve 7 reaches a specified position at the horizontal sliding distance C to realize the gear shifting, and the output pressure of the hydraulic cylinder 14 is maximum at this time.
The following relation is obtained from the mechanical equation, and the maximum torque Mj required for the inner gear sleeve 7 is derived:
Fi＝μG，
Mi＝μG L，
Fj＝Fi/cosγ，
wherein, L is a rotating arm, and the unit is mm;
l is the distance from the axis of the hydraulic cylinder to the fulcrum, and the unit is mm;
fi is the midpoint steering force, with the unit being KN;
fj is the end point steering force, and the unit is KN;
mi is the minimum torque, with the unit KN.M;
mj is the maximum torque, with the unit KN.M;
gamma is the maximum rotation angle.
By inquiring relevant standards and actual checking, because the double shifting forks are simultaneously stressed, the rated torque of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 selected according to the diameter of the rotating shaft is one order of magnitude larger than one half of the required torque, the requirement of the actual working condition is completely met, and the rotation cannot occur; the oil ports at the inlet and the outlet of the two ends of the hydraulic cylinder 14 can be communicated with pressure oil or return oil to realize bidirectional reciprocating motion, and the hydraulic cylinder has no transmission clearance, stable motion, no looseness and reasonable design. The method can be popularized and used to the material guiding roller swing arm of the six-roller mill; more than two Z-shaped expansion sleeves 20 can be used in series when the rated load of one Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 is less than the load transmitted.
The assembling method of the speed reducer gear shifting device adopts the Z-shaped expansion sleeve 20 and is implemented according to the following steps:
the specific process of tightening each screw 22 is: the screws 22 are all tightened at 1/3 MA; tightening all screws 22 at 1/2 MA; next, all screws 22 are tightened to MA; finally, all screws 22 are checked for MA values, where MA is the tightening torque of the screw in units of N · M;
and 6, assembling the swing arm 13 and the hydraulic cylinder 14, and calibrating the extension length of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder 14 to obtain the hydraulic cylinder.
Claims (5)
1. A method for assembling a speed reducer gear shifting device adopts a speed reducer gear shifting device structure, a support (2) is fixedly installed on a box body (1), a long shaft (11) is sleeved in a bearing I (3) at the upper end of the support (2), the other end of the long shaft (11) is sleeved in a horizontal hole at the upper end of a swing arm (13), and a bearing II (12) is further arranged on the long shaft (11) close to the swing arm (13); the lower end of the swing arm (13) is in transmission connection with a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder (14), and a cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder (14) is hinged with a hydraulic cylinder seat (15); a left shifting fork (5) and a right shifting fork (9) are sleeved on the circumference of the long shaft (11), the left shifting fork (5) is connected with the long shaft (11) through a double key slot I (4), and one or more sets of Z-shaped expansion sleeves (20) are arranged between hub holes of the long shaft (11) and the right shifting fork (9); a second bearing (6) is arranged at the upper end of the left shifting fork (5), and a third bearing (8) is arranged at the upper end of the right shifting fork (9); the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) comprises an inner ring (21) and an outer ring (23) which are made of expansion materials, a circle of screw holes are arranged between the inner ring (21) and the outer ring (23), each screw hole is provided with a screw (22),
the method is characterized in that the method utilizes the speed reducer gear shifting device structure and is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, rechecking a left shifting fork (5) and a bearing II (6), assembling according to a drawing after the sizes are qualified, connecting the bearing II with a long shaft (11) through a double key I (4), and installing a bearing I (3) at one end of the long shaft (11);
step 2, a third bearing (8) is installed on the right shifting fork (9), the right shifting fork (9) and the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) with the screw (22) loosened are pushed to the corresponding position of the long shaft (11), the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) is smoothly installed in a hub hole of the right shifting fork (9), and the screw (22) is screwed by hand;
step 3, hoisting the assembly assembled in the step 1 and the step 2 into the box body (1) from top to bottom along the groove widths on the two sides of the inner gear sleeve (7), and simultaneously enabling the other end of the long shaft (11) to penetrate through a wall hole of the box body (1);
step 4, respectively installing a support (2) and a bearing four (12) at two ends of the long shaft (11), and installing a related transparent cover (16) and a related gland (17);
step 5, taking the bearing II (6) as a reference, aligning the bearing III (8) with the grooves on the two sides of the inner gear sleeve (7), aligning the two shifting forks to be consistent in angle, and then uniformly screwing each screw (22) by using a torque wrench in a diagonal crossing manner;
and 6, assembling the swing arm (13) and the hydraulic cylinder (14), and calibrating the extension length of a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder (14) to obtain the hydraulic cylinder.
2. The method of assembling a reducer gear shift device according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 5, the specific process of screwing each screw (22) is as follows:
firstly, all the screws (22) are tightened with 1/3MA value;
tightening all screws (22) with 1/2 MA;
secondly, all the screws (22) are tightened according to the MA value;
finally, all the screws (22) are checked by the MA value,
MA value therein is screw tightening torque in N.M.
3. The method of assembling a reducer gear shift device according to claim 1, wherein: the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) is structurally characterized by comprising an inner ring (21) and an outer ring (23) which are made of expansion materials, wherein a circle of screw holes are arranged between the inner ring (21) and the outer ring (23), and each screw hole is internally provided with a screw (22).
4. The method of assembling a reducer gear shift device according to claim 1, wherein: the tolerance of the sleeving between the long shaft (11) and the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) is H7 or H8, and the tolerance of the sleeving between the hub hole of the right shifting fork (9) and the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) is H7 or H8.
5. The method of assembling a reducer gear shift device according to claim 1, wherein: the conical surface half cone angle alpha of the Z-shaped expansion sleeve (20) ranges from 10 degrees to 14 degrees.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910858783.XA CN110725941B (en) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | Structure and assembly method of speed reducer gear shifting device |
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| CN201910858783.XA CN110725941B (en) | 2019-09-11 | 2019-09-11 | Structure and assembly method of speed reducer gear shifting device |
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| CN110725941B true CN110725941B (en) | 2021-10-15 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103551601A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-05 | 大连飞达重型机床制造有限公司 | Hydraulic two-gear numerical control stepless gearbox |
| CN205039723U (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2016-02-17 | 贺业开 | Beam -pumping unit soft start economize on electricity running device |
| CN205787280U (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏永鼎股份有限公司 | A kind of expansion set structure repaired for fiber reel |
| CN205824057U (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-21 | 哈尔滨哈飞工业有限责任公司 | A kind of high-speed rod higher speed gear case |
| CN207569154U (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-07-03 | 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 | A kind of simple and practical clutch device of speed reducer |
-
2019
- 2019-09-11 CN CN201910858783.XA patent/CN110725941B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103551601A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-02-05 | 大连飞达重型机床制造有限公司 | Hydraulic two-gear numerical control stepless gearbox |
| CN205039723U (en) * | 2015-07-20 | 2016-02-17 | 贺业开 | Beam -pumping unit soft start economize on electricity running device |
| CN205787280U (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏永鼎股份有限公司 | A kind of expansion set structure repaired for fiber reel |
| CN205824057U (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-21 | 哈尔滨哈飞工业有限责任公司 | A kind of high-speed rod higher speed gear case |
| CN207569154U (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-07-03 | 云南冶金昆明重工有限公司 | A kind of simple and practical clutch device of speed reducer |
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