CN110724577A - Lubricating grease for robot and application thereof - Google Patents
Lubricating grease for robot and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110724577A CN110724577A CN201910936128.1A CN201910936128A CN110724577A CN 110724577 A CN110724577 A CN 110724577A CN 201910936128 A CN201910936128 A CN 201910936128A CN 110724577 A CN110724577 A CN 110724577A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/028—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms
- C10M2205/0285—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers containing aliphatic monomers having more than four carbon atoms used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/2835—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/285—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids
- C10M2207/2855—Esters of aromatic polycarboxylic acids used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2215/066—Arylene diamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
- C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/041—Triaryl phosphates
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to lubricating grease and application thereof in a robot harmonic reducer, wherein the lubricating grease comprises the following components: 78-86% of base oil, 5-8% of a thickening agent, 1-3% of an antioxidant, 2.3-4% of an extreme pressure antiwear agent, 1-3% of a solid lubricant and 4-8% of a composite calcium sulfonate base grease by mass fraction; the base oil is a mixture of mineral oil, PAO synthetic oil and ester oil in a mass ratio of 2-6: 6: 1-2. The lubricating grease disclosed by the invention has good mechanical stability, extreme pressure anti-wear property, high temperature stability, oxidation stability, low temperature resistance and fretting wear resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of lubricants, in particular to lubricating grease for a robot and application thereof.
Background
The lubricating grease is thick grease-like semisolid and is used for a friction part of a machine to play roles of lubrication and sealing. The lubricating grease can be divided into general lubricating grease and special lubricating grease, wherein the former is used for general mechanical parts, and the latter is used for tractors, railway locomotives, ship machinery, petroleum drilling machinery, valves and the like. With the development of science and technology and the progress of automation technology, the application field of the industrial robot is wider and wider, the industrial robot mainly comprises three core components, namely a speed reducer, a servo motor and a control system, and the precision speed reducer is the most critical functional component in the industrial robot and is one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of the industrial robot in China at present. Because the cost of the robot is very high, the service life of the corresponding matched core parts naturally becomes the key point for application enterprises to consider. The service life of the robot speed reducer mainly has two levels of significance, one is the actual service life of the speed reducer, and the other is the precision service life, namely, the error can occur in precision after the harmonic speed reducer works for many hours continuously.
Because industrial robots are increasingly applied to harsh working conditions such as low temperature, high speed, heavy load and the like, lubricants with excellent performance are increasingly important for industrial robots. For example, chinese patent document CN109810768A discloses a long-life lubricating grease for RV reducers of industrial robots, which is prepared by using synthetic oil as base oil, using lithium fatty acid soap as thickener, and adding antioxidant, extreme pressure antiwear agent, friction modifier, metal deactivator, and antirust agent through special processes, but the lubricating grease has poor mechanical stability and extreme pressure antiwear property. Chinese patent document CN107699317A discloses a robot harmonic reducer grease composition, which comprises a thickener, an extreme pressure antiwear agent, an antioxidant, an antirust preservative and base oil. However, the hardness of the grease is high, which results in high energy consumption and poor mechanical stability during the operation of the robot.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of poor mechanical stability, poor extreme pressure wear resistance, low temperature resistance and hard lubricating grease of the lubricating grease for the robot in the prior art, so that the lubricating grease for the robot, which has strong extreme pressure bearing capacity, good mechanical stability, low temperature resistance and soft texture, is provided.
The invention also provides application of the lubricating grease for the robot.
Therefore, the invention provides lubricating grease for a robot, which comprises the following components: 78-86% of base oil, 5-8% of a thickening agent, 1-3% of an antioxidant, 2.3-4% of an extreme pressure antiwear agent, 1-3% of a solid lubricant and 4-8% of a composite calcium sulfonate base grease by mass fraction; the base oil is a mixture of mineral oil, PAO synthetic oil and ester oil in a mass ratio of 2-6: 6: 1-2.
Further, the PAO synthetic oil is PAO8 and/or PAO 10. The mineral oil is hydrogenated base oil with high viscosity index prepared by adopting a full hydrogenation process.
Further, the ester oil is one or more of phthalic acid ester, trimellitic acid ester and polyol ester.
Specifically, the phthalate is one or more of diisobutyl phthalate, di-n-pentyl phthalate, di-n-octyl phthalate and diisooctyl phthalate; the trimellitate is one or more of triisooctyl trimellitate (TMTO), triisononyl trimellitate (TMTD) and triisotridecyl trimellitate (TMTT); the polyol ester is one or more of trimethylolpropane ester, trimethylolpropane ester and pentaerythritol ester.
Further, the thickening agent is a complex lithium soap.
Further, the antioxidant is a mixture of diphenylamine and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in a mass ratio of 1: 1-2.
Further, the extreme pressure antiwear agent is a mixture of a thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate, wherein the mass ratio of the thiadiazole derivative to the molybdenum phosphate to the triphenyl phosphate is 3-5: 15-25: 5-10.
Further, the solid lubricant is zirconium phosphate, preferably α -ZrP.
The complex lithium soap and the complex calcium sulfonate based grease can be prepared by a conventional method in the field or can be prepared by a common commercial product.
The invention also provides application of the lubricating grease for the robot in a robot joint speed reducer.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the lubricating grease is prepared by blending mineral oil, PAO and ester oil according to the mass ratio of 2-6: 6: 1-2, wherein the ester oil can be adsorbed on the surface of metal to form a layer of adhesive molecular oil film and can form an oil layer which is not easy to break, and the excellent lubricating effect can be still kept under the condition that other base oil is invalid; the base oil and other additives are compounded and cooperated, so that the obtained lubricating grease has good mechanical stability, extreme pressure abrasion resistance, high temperature stability, oxidation stability, low temperature resistance and fretting wear resistance.
The PAO synthetic oil is selected from PAO8 and/or PAO10, and can be cooperated with the lithium complex soap, so that the lubricating grease has enough oil film thickness and better extreme pressure performance, can be suitable for boundary lubrication state for a long time, and meets the requirement of high-load working condition.
3. The ester oil is selected from phthalate, trimellitate and polyol ester, so that oxygen can be better prevented from entering a micro-motion contact area, the friction coefficient is reduced, the lubricating grease has more excellent micro-motion wear resistance, and the lubricating grease is suitable for the characteristics of frequent starting of robot joint parts and reciprocating motion in a smaller range.
4. The solid lubricant is zirconium phosphate which has a layered mesoporous structure, so that the lubricating grease has better bearing capacity and antifriction and antiwear performances, and an operator can easily observe the abrasion condition in mechanical overhaul.
5. The extreme pressure antiwear agent is a composition of a thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate, and can enable lubricating grease to have multiple functions of resisting oxidation, inhibiting copper corrosion and the like.
6. The complex calcium sulfonate grease is added into the grease composition, so that the grease has more excellent lubricating effect under severe conditions such as high temperature, heavy load and the like.
7. The lubricating grease provided by the invention also has a longer service life.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.
The examples do not show the specific experimental steps or conditions, and can be performed according to the conventional experimental steps described in the literature in the field. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by manufacturers, and are all conventional reagent products which can be obtained commercially.
Example 1
The embodiment provides lubricating grease for a robot, which comprises the following components: by mass, 80% of base oil, 5% of composite lithium soap thickener, 3% of antioxidant (diphenylamine and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in a mass ratio of 1: 1.3), 3% of extreme pressure antiwear agent (thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate in a mass ratio of 3:25: 5), 2% of solid lubricant (alpha-zirconium phosphate) and 7% of composite calcium sulfonate base grease; the base oil is a mixture of hydrofined base oil, PAO8 and diisobutyl phthalate in a mass ratio of 1:3: 1.
The hydrofined base oil, the PAO8 and the methyl phthalate are uniformly mixed and then added into the composite lithium soap, and then the antioxidant, the extreme pressure antiwear agent, the solid lubricant and the composite calcium sulfonate base grease are respectively added, and a three-roll grinder is used for grinding and dispersing to obtain a lubricating grease finished product.
Example 2
The embodiment provides lubricating grease for a robot, which comprises the following components: by mass fraction, 85.7% of base oil, 6% of composite lithium soap thickener, 1% of antioxidant (diphenylamine and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in a mass ratio of 1: 1), 2.3% of extreme pressure antiwear agent (thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:3: 2), 1% of solid lubricant (gamma-zirconium phosphate) and 4% of composite calcium sulfonate base ester; the base oil is a mixture of hydrofined base oil, PAO10 and triisotridecyl trimellitate (TMTT) in a mass ratio of 4:6: 1.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment provides lubricating grease for a robot, which comprises the following components: by mass fraction, 78% of base oil, 6% of composite lithium soap thickener, 2% of antioxidant (diphenylamine and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in a mass ratio of 1: 2), 4% of extreme pressure antiwear agent (thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:5: 2), 2.5% of solid lubricant (tau-zirconium phosphate) and 7.5% of composite calcium sulfonate base grease; the base oil is a mixture of hydrorefined base oil, PAO10 and trimethylolpropane ester in a mass ratio of 3:3: 1.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Example 4
The embodiment provides lubricating grease for a robot, which comprises the following components: by mass fraction, 78% of base oil, 8% of composite lithium soap thickener, 1% of antioxidant (diphenylamine and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in a mass ratio of 1: 1.5), 2.3% of extreme pressure antiwear agent (thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate in a mass ratio of 1:7: 3), 2.7% of solid lubricant (alpha-zirconium phosphate) and 8% of composite calcium sulfonate base grease; the base oil is a mixture of hydrofined base oil, PAO synthetic oil (a mixture of PAO8 and PAO10 in a mass ratio of 1: 3) and trimethylolpropane ester in a mass ratio of 2:6: 2.
The preparation method is the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is the same as example 1 except that the base oil is a blend of PAO10 and triisononyl trimellitate (TMTD) in a 3:1 mass ratio.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is the same as example 1 except that the base oil is a blend of hydrofinished base oil, PAO8 and phthalate in a 6:3:1 mass ratio.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example is the same as example 1, except that the base oil is a mixture of hydrorefined base oil, PAO25, and dioctyl sebacate in a mass ratio of 2:6: 2.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example is the same as example 1 except that the calcium alkylsulfonate complex is replaced with a synthetic calcium alkylsulfonate.
The greases obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were subjected to performance tests, the test items and test methods are shown in table 1, and the specific test results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
| Item | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | Comparative example 3 | Comparative example 5 |
| Penetration of working cone, 0.1mm | 356 | 385 | 380 | 410 |
| 0.1mm of working cone penetration is prolonged for 10 ten thousand times | 426 | 442 | 466 | 503 |
| Dropping Point, C | 185 | 183 | 198 | 198 |
| Extreme pressure Properties, PB，N | 899 | 920 | 886 | 905 |
| Extreme pressure Properties, PD，N | 2875 | 2864 | 2824 | 2883 |
| Oxidation stability, pressure drop, kPa | 27 | 25 | 30 | 33 |
| Copper sheet corrosion (100 ℃, 24h) | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified |
| Anticorrosion (52 ℃, 48h) | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified | Qualified |
| Similar viscosity (-30 ℃, 10 s)-1)，Pa·s | 669 | 800 | 740 | 560 |
| SRV coefficient of friction, 50 deg.C | 0.083 | 0.080 | 0.101 | 0.083 |
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The lubricating grease for the robot is characterized by comprising the following components: 78-86% of base oil, 5-8% of a thickening agent, 1-3% of an antioxidant, 2.3-4% of an extreme pressure antiwear agent, 1-3% of a solid lubricant and 4-8% of a composite calcium sulfonate base grease by mass fraction; the base oil is a mixture of mineral oil, PAO synthetic oil and ester oil in a mass ratio of 2-6: 6: 1-2.
2. Grease for robots according to claim 1, characterized in that the PAO synthetic oil is PAO8 and/or PAO 10.
3. The grease for robots as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ester oil is one or more of phthalate ester, trimellitate ester and polyol ester.
4. Grease for robots according to claim 3, characterized in that the thickener is a complex lithium soap.
5. The robot grease of claim 4, wherein the antioxidant is a mixture of diphenylamine and 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol in a mass ratio of 1: 1-2.
6. The robot grease of claim 5, wherein the extreme pressure antiwear agent is a mixture of a thiadiazole derivative, molybdenum phosphate and triphenyl phosphate in a mass ratio of 3-5: 15-25: 5-10.
7. Grease for robots according to claim 6, characterized in that the solid lubricant is zirconium phosphate.
8. Use of the grease for robots as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 in harmonic reducers for robots.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910936128.1A CN110724577B (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | Lubricating grease for robot and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910936128.1A CN110724577B (en) | 2019-09-29 | 2019-09-29 | Lubricating grease for robot and application thereof |
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| CN110724577A true CN110724577A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
| CN110724577B CN110724577B (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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| CN111607450A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-01 | 江苏龙蟠科技股份有限公司 | Robot RV reducer lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
| CN115197765A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-18 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Zirconium phosphate composite titanium-based lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
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| US20130327594A1 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2013-12-12 | The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. | Lubricant composition and methods of using same |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111607450A (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2020-09-01 | 江苏龙蟠科技股份有限公司 | Robot RV reducer lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
| CN115197765A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-10-18 | 中国民用航空飞行学院 | Zirconium phosphate composite titanium-based lubricating grease and preparation method thereof |
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| CN110724577B (en) | 2022-04-15 |
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