CN110724515B - Air suspending agent for fracturing propping agent and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Air suspending agent for fracturing propping agent and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110724515B CN110724515B CN201911035692.2A CN201911035692A CN110724515B CN 110724515 B CN110724515 B CN 110724515B CN 201911035692 A CN201911035692 A CN 201911035692A CN 110724515 B CN110724515 B CN 110724515B
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- 239000000375 suspending agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-methyl-5-propan-2-ylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl)propan-1-one Chemical compound CCC(=O)C1CC(C(C)C)CC=C1C DZSVIVLGBJKQAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C=C HRPVXLWXLXDGHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-[(1-azaniumyl-1-imino-2-methylpropan-2-yl)diazenyl]-2-methylpropanimidoyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.NC(=N)C(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C(N)=N LXEKPEMOWBOYRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ACEONLNNWKIPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 2-bromopropanoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)Br ACEONLNNWKIPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- JCBJVAJGLKENNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium ethyl xanthate Chemical compound [K+].CCOC([S-])=S JCBJVAJGLKENNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004546 suspension concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 amino, carbonyl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003828 vacuum filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015096 spirit Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid Substances CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 7
- IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 5'-adenylyl sulfate Chemical compound C1=NC=2C(N)=NC=NC=2N1[C@@H]1O[C@H](COP(O)(=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O IRLPACMLTUPBCL-KQYNXXCUSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 5
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010665 pine oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002907 Guar gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000665 guar gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002154 guar gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010417 guar gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015110 jellies Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008274 jelly Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005615 natural polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005215 recombination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006798 recombination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003079 shale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002522 swelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/60—Compositions for stimulating production by acting on the underground formation
- C09K8/80—Compositions for reinforcing fractures, e.g. compositions of proppants used to keep the fractures open
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/60—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/267—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures reinforcing fractures by propping
Abstract
The invention discloses an air suspending agent for a fracturing propping agent, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of organic solvent, 1-20 parts of foaming agent, 1-20 parts of collecting agent and 1-2 parts of suspension adjuvant; the foaming agent is alcohol containing 4-10 carbon atoms, and the collecting agent is quaternary ammonium salt containing 8-30 carbon atoms long-chain groups; the suspension auxiliary agent is a polymer formed by polymerization reaction of raw material monomers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and a hydrophobic monomer, and the molecular weight of the polymer is 2000-30000 g/mol. And atomizing the suspending agent by using air atomization equipment, spraying the atomized suspending agent on the surface of the proppant, and conveying the proppant into the cracks pressed on the stratum through slick water. The air atomization device comprises an air compressor and an air atomization nozzle, the air atomization nozzle comprises an air inlet, a liquid inlet and an atomized liquid spraying port, and the air inlet is connected with the air compressor. The invention introduces air to suspend the proppant, and the air and the suspending agent act together to suspend the proppant, thereby reducing the dosage of the polymer and the damage to the reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas field development, in particular to an air suspending agent for suspending a proppant and a construction method thereof.
Background
Fracturing has now proven to be the primary means of achieving efficient development of low permeability fields, particularly shale fields. The primary purpose of fracturing is to increase the permeability of the hydrocarbon channels and thereby increase the production from the hydrocarbon well. The main method is to adopt a high pressure method to form cracks on the stratum, then bring propping agents such as ceramsite, quartz sand and the like into the cracks by using fluid, fill the pressed cracks and avoid the cracks from being completely closed after the pressure is removed. Therefore, how to carry the proppant is one of the key links in the fracturing construction.
The traditional method for carrying the proppant mainly carries the proppant by using high-viscosity fluid and fluid viscosity and elasticity, mainly adopts natural polymer guar gum and artificially synthesized polyacrylamide polymer as thickening agents, and utilizes boron, zirconium and the like to carry out crosslinking to form jelly glue fluid, so that the proppant is carried into cracks. The construction is applied to the fracturing of various stratums for a long time, but the use of a large amount of polymers can block partial pore channels, cause different degrees of damage to the stratums and particularly have great adverse effects on the yield increase of low-permeability oil gas.
At present, the fracturing fluid is widely applied to slickwater fracturing of shale oil and gas reservoirs, sand is carried by mainly utilizing large-displacement hydraulic impact, and drag reducers are mostly low-concentration polymers, so that the damage to reservoirs is relatively low. However, the low viscosity of the fluid makes it very difficult to increase the sand ratio, which greatly limits the flexibility of construction design and the yield increasing capability.
The suspension technology of the proppant is a hot point of research, and the prior related technical documents propose that the proppant is wrapped by a water-swellable polymer, so that when the proppant swells in water, the overall density of the proppant is reduced, and the self-suspension of the proppant is realized. However, this technique also uses a large amount of polymer, and this type of polymer has swelling properties, and if the gel breaking is not complete, the swollen polymer may block the formation, causing even greater damage to the formation.
There is therefore a need for a new proppant suspension technology that can further reduce the amount of polymer used, even without the use of polymer. It can effectively increase the sand carrying capacity (sand ratio) per unit volume, even in the case of carrying fluid with low viscosity, such as in the case of using slickwater with viscosity less than 10mpa · s, the sand ratio can reach or even exceed 60%, and has low damage to stratum and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel method for suspending a proppant, and particularly provides an air suspending agent for suspending the proppant and a construction method thereof, aiming at the technical defects of large polymer dosage, stratum blockage after expansion and large damage to low layers in the conventional proppant suspending technology. The proppant is a cracking proppant such as quartz sand or ceramsite.
The invention provides an air suspending agent for suspending a proppant, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of organic solvent, 1-20 parts of foaming agent, 1-20 parts of collecting agent and 1-2 parts of suspension auxiliary agent. The organic solvent is white oil or solvent oil. The foaming agent is alcohol containing 4-10 carbon atoms. The collecting agent is quaternary ammonium salt containing 8-30 carbon atom number long-chain groups. The molecular structural formula of the suspension adjuvant is as follows:
in the formula, the value ranges of m, n, X, Y and Z are respectively 1-15, 11-18, 2-30 and 5-75.
The suspension auxiliary agent is a polymer with the molecular weight of 2000-30000 g/mol, which is prepared by the polymerization reaction of raw material monomers of acrylamide AM, acrylic acid AA, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid AMPS and a hydrophobic monomer (DM 12 for short), wherein the hydrophobic monomer DM12 has the following structural formula:
in the formula, the value range of X is 11-18 respectively.
The preparation method of the suspension aid comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a flask containing methanol in an ice bath, and adding methyl 2-bromopropionate until the methyl 2-bromopropionate is completely dissolved; slowly adding potassium ethyl xanthate, stirring the reaction solution at room temperature for reaction for 24 hours after the potassium ethyl xanthate is completely dissolved, then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove KBr, extracting a product from the filtrate by adopting a mixed solution of diethyl ether and hexane, and carrying out rotary evaporation on an extract containing the product to obtain a yellow liquid X1;
(2) dissolving yellow liquid X1 in ethanol, sequentially adding acrylamide AM, an initiator V-50 and distilled water, introducing argon gas for 30min under stirring to remove oxygen, then continuously heating to 60 ℃ under the protection of argon gas, reacting for 3h at constant temperature until the reaction is finished, and removing ethanol by rotary evaporation to obtain light yellow powder PAM-X1;
(3) dissolving light yellow powder PAM-X1, acrylic acid AA, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid AMPS and a hydrophobic monomer DM12 in water, introducing argon for 30min to remove oxygen, then adding an initiator which is a mixture of APS and NaFS in equal molar ratio, standing and reacting for 4h at room temperature in argon atmosphere to obtain colorless or light milky gel, shearing, drying at low temperature, and preparing a powdery suspension auxiliary agent which is named as PAAAD.
The reaction process for preparing the suspension aid PAAAD is as follows:
preferably, the collector is a mixture of one or more of a single surfactant, a double surfactant and a triple surfactant. The dosage of the single surface active agent is 1 to 18 weight portions, the dosage of the gemini surface active agent is 2 to 10 weight portions, and the dosage of the trisurfactant is 1 to 8 weight portions. Wherein the molecular structural formula of the single-molecule surfactant is as follows:
in the formula, R1,R2,R3,R4Is long-chain alkyl with 8-30 carbon atoms or a long-chain group mixed with N or O atoms.
The molecular structural formula of the gemini surfactant is as follows:
in the formula, R5,R6Is a long chain alkyl group with 8-30 carbon atoms, R7Is a long-chain alkyl group with 2-5 carbon atoms or a long-chain group mixed with N or O atoms.
The molecular structural formula of the tri-surfactant is as follows:
in the formula, R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13Long chain alkyl R with 1-5 carbon atoms respectively14、R15、R16The long-chain alkyl group is a long-chain alkyl group with 5-25 carbon atoms or a long-chain group with N or O atoms mixed in the middle; r17、R18、R19Is one of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl or carboxyl.
The preparation method of the air suspending agent comprises the following steps: adding an organic solvent, a foaming agent, a collecting agent and a suspension auxiliary agent into a reaction container, uniformly mixing, and adding a proper amount of hydrochloric acid or glacial acetic acid to adjust the pH of the mixed solution to 7 to obtain the air suspending agent.
The construction method of the air suspending agent comprises the following steps: and atomizing the suspending agent by using air atomization equipment, spraying the atomized suspending agent on the surface of the proppant, and conveying the proppant into the cracks pressed on the stratum through slick water. The air atomization device comprises an air compressor and an air atomization nozzle, the air atomization nozzle is a two-fluid atomization nozzle, an air inlet of the two-fluid atomization nozzle is connected with the air compressor, a liquid inlet is connected with an air suspension storage tank, and an atomized liquid spray outlet is just opposite to an auger outlet. An air diaphragm pump is adopted to pump the suspending agent to a liquid inlet of an air atomizing nozzle, the liquid inlet speed of the suspending liquid is 0-50L/min, an air compressor conveys air to an air inlet, the air inlet pressure is 0-1 MPa, and the air input is 0-20 m3And/min. The two-fluid atomizing nozzle can be provided with a plurality of nozzles, preferably 1-6, and the plurality of nozzles are detachably arranged at the discharge port of an auger for transporting the propping agentAnd the spraying port of the nozzle is opposite to the outlet of the packing auger. When the air suspending agent enters the air atomizing nozzle, the suspending agent is fully contacted and combined with air and atomizes the suspending agent into small droplets, the atomized small droplets are sprayed onto the propping agent discharged from the discharge port of the packing auger of the fracturing truck, the suspending agent is quickly combined with the propping agent, so that the propping agent, the suspending agent and the air are combined together, the density of the propping agent adhered with the air is reduced, and the propping agent can be automatically suspended in an aqueous solution. The proppant subjected to the surface modification treatment of the suspending agent enters a stirring pool to be mixed with slickwater, and air or nitrogen can be additionally introduced into the stirring pool for further increasing the suspension effect. 0.05-0.6L of air suspending agent is sprayed on each ton of propping agent, and the optimal dosage is 0.2L/t.
The air suspending agent of the invention has the following action principle:
the collecting agent is quickly combined on the surface of the propping agent by utilizing hydrogen bond force, electrostatic attraction and intermolecular force of the collecting agent and the surface of the propping agent, and the surface of the propping agent is hydrophobically modified because the nonpolar end of the collecting agent molecule has hydrophobicity. The foaming agent rapidly absorbs air and generates stable fine bubbles and is adsorbed on the surface of the proppant having hydrophobicity. The combination of proppant with gas bubbles is ultimately achieved, thereby reducing the density so that the proppant can be suspended in slick water.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the air suspending agent of the invention is added with a suspension adjuvant PAAAD. PAAAD is an adjuvant containing zwitterionic groups. Due to the synergistic effect of the zwitterion group and the amino group of the collecting agent, the adsorption performance of the collecting agent on the surface of the propping agent is greatly improved. A small amount (1%) of PAAAD can improve the collecting performance by 50%, and the amount of the collector is reduced to half of the original amount. Meanwhile, PAAAD contains negatively charged carboxyl and sulfonic acid groups and positively charged amino groups. Due to the mutual attraction of positive and negative charges, after the auxiliary agent is adsorbed, the proppant particles have mutual attraction, so that the proppant particles are connected, and the proppant is in an integral connected suspension state after adsorbing bubbles. Greatly improves the suspension performance. In addition, as the PAAAD is an active polymer, two ends of the PAAAD are provided with active groups, C-S bonds can be broken at the formation temperature to generate free radicals, and the free radicals and other broken polymers are subjected to recombination polymerization to generate a dynamic connection effect, so that the propping agent and the air bubbles are connected in a dynamic state, and the dynamic suspension balance of the PAAAD under the formation conditions is ensured.
The air suspending agent has good sand suspending effect and can effectively suspend commonly used propping agents with the particle size of 20-140 meshes. The air is used for reducing the overall density of the proppant for suspension, the requirement on the sand carrying fluid is low, common slick water or clear water can effectively suspend and convey the proppant, and the problems of large load of the crosslinked polymer fracturing equipment, large damage to the stratum and the like are solved. And a bactericide and a cross-linking agent are not required to be added, so that the cost is saved. The dosage of the proppant per ton is only 0.05-0.6L, usually only 0.3L, the dosage is low, and the cost is low. The on-site use is convenient, the dissolution is not needed, the well site space, the labor and the energy consumption are saved, and the on-line mixing can be realized.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Drawings
Fig. 1, proppant suspension effect diagram of example 2.
Fig. 2, proppant suspension effect graph of example 3.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the suspending effect of the proppant of comparative example 1.
Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the suspending effect of the proppant of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Example 1
The suspension adjuvant PAAAD can be prepared by controllable living radical polymerization, and is prepared by the following steps:
(1) 100ml of methanol was added to the flask and placed in an ice bath, followed by the addition of methyl 2-bromopropionate MBP (10g, 60mmol) to complete dissolution; potassium ethylxanthate PEX (10.6g, 66mmol) was then slowly added, and after complete dissolution of PEX, the reaction was stirred at room temperature for 24h, then KBr was filtered off by vacuum filtration, the product was extracted from the filtrate using 200ml (volume ratio 1:1) of a mixture of diethyl ether and hexane, the extract was washed several times with deionized water, dried over sodium sulfate, and rotary evaporated to give X1 as a yellow liquid.
(2) In a round-bottomed flask yellow liquid X1(2.0g, 9.6mmol) was dissolved in 7.1g ethanol, then acrylamide AM (6.8g, 96.0mmol), initiator V-50(111mg, 0.41mmol) and distilled water (5.5ml) were added in sequence, argon was bubbled for 30 minutes under stirring to remove oxygen, then the reaction was continued under argon protection at 60 ℃ for 3 hours until completion, and ethanol was removed by rotary evaporation to give PAM-X1 as a pale yellow powder.
(3) Dissolving light yellow powder PAM-X1, acrylic acid AA, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid AMPS and a hydrophobic monomer DM12 in water, wherein the aqueous solution meets the following requirements: acrylamide AM used in step (2): acrylic acid AA: 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid AMPS: the molar ratio of the hydrophobic monomer DM12 is controlled to be 1:1:2:5, and the total mass concentration of the four monomers in the aqueous solution is 30 percent; after the monomer is completely dissolved, argon is introduced for 30min to remove oxygen, then 0.1 wt% of initiator is added, the initiator is a mixture of APS and NaFS in equal molar ratio, the mixture is kept stand for reaction for 4h at room temperature under argon atmosphere to obtain colorless or light milky gel, and the gel is cut into pieces and dried at low temperature to prepare the powdery suspension aid PAAAD.
Example 2
The proppant is quartz sand with 20-40 meshes.
The preparation method of the air suspending agent comprises the following steps: 65g of No. 3 white oil, 5g of N-heptanol, 15g of pine oil, 15g of N-dimethyl octadecyl butyl biquaternary ammonium salt and 1g of suspension adjuvant PAAAD, mixing the components, uniformly stirring, and adding a proper amount of hydrochloric acid or glacial acetic acid to neutralize the pH value to 7 to obtain the air suspension agent for later use. Wherein the structural formula of the N-dimethyl octadecyl butyl biquaternary ammonium salt is as follows:
the preparation method of the air suspension proppant for fracturing comprises the following steps: 1000g of propping agent quartz sand is flatly paved, and 3g of air suspending agent is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the quartz sand by a small air atomizing nozzle for standby.
Preparing slick water: 1L of water is prepared in a container, mechanical stirring is carried out at a high speed, 0.5g of conventional polymer drag reducer is slowly added, the dissolution is fully performed into slick water, and the adding process avoids the conglomeration to form fish eyes.
200ml of slickwater is taken and stirred at a high speed on a Wuyi mixing machine, then 60g of proppant with the surface sprayed with suspending agent is added, the stirring is stopped after 20s, and the suspending condition of the proppant is observed, as shown in figure 1, the proppant is completely suspended in the slickwater.
Example 3
The proppant is quartz sand of 40-70 meshes.
The preparation method of the air suspending agent comprises the following steps: 65g of D100 solvent oil, 3g of N-octanol, 17g of pine oil, 6g of N, N-dimethyl octadecyl butyl biquaternary ammonium salt, 9g of quaternary ammonium salt and 0.8g of suspension adjuvant PAAAD, mixing the above components, stirring uniformly, and adding a proper amount of hydrochloric acid or glacial acetic acid to neutralize the pH value to 7 to obtain the air suspension agent for later use. Wherein, the structural formula of the quaternary ammonium salt A is as follows:
the preparation method of the air suspension proppant for fracturing comprises the following steps: 1000g of propping agent quartz sand is flatly paved, and 3g of air suspending agent is uniformly sprayed on the surface of the quartz sand by a small air atomizing nozzle for standby.
Preparing slick water: 1L of water is prepared in a container, mechanical stirring is carried out at a high speed, 0.5g of conventional polymer drag reducer is slowly added, the dissolution is fully performed into slick water, and the adding process avoids the conglomeration to form fish eyes.
200ml of slickwater is taken and stirred at a high speed on a Wuyi mixing machine, then 60g of proppant with the surface sprayed with suspending agent is added, the stirring is stopped after 20s, the suspending condition of the proppant is observed, and as shown in figure 2, the proppant is completely suspended in the slickwater.
Comparative example 1
Experimental operating method conditions were the same as in example 2. The only difference is that the air suspension concentrate does not contain a suspension aid. The preparation method of the suspending agent comprises the following steps: 65g of No. 3 white oil, 5g of N-heptanol, 15g of pine oil and 6g of N-dimethyl octadecyl butyl biquaternary ammonium salt, wherein the components are mixed and stirred uniformly, and a proper amount of hydrochloric acid or glacial acetic acid is added to neutralize the pH value to 7, so that the air suspension agent is obtained. Experimental results it was observed that the suspending condition of the proppant is as shown in fig. 3, and compared with fig. 1, the suspending effect of the air suspending agent with the suspension aid added in example 2 on the proppant is significantly better than that of the air suspending agent without the suspension aid added.
Comparative example 2
Experimental operating method conditions were the same as in example 3. The only difference is that the air suspension concentrate does not contain a suspension aid. The preparation method of the suspending agent comprises the following steps: 65g of D100 solvent oil, 3g of N-octanol, 17g of pine alcohol oil, 6g of N, N-dimethyl octadecyl butyl biquaternary ammonium salt and 6g of quaternary ammonium salt A9g, mixing the components, uniformly stirring, and adding a proper amount of hydrochloric acid or glacial acetic acid to neutralize the pH value to 7 to obtain the air suspension agent. Experimental results it was observed that the suspending condition of the proppant is as shown in fig. 4, and also, it was concluded that the suspending effect of the air suspending agent with the addition of the suspending aid in example 3 is significantly better than that of the air suspending agent without the addition of the suspending aid, compared with fig. 2.
The same conclusion is drawn by comparing example 2 with comparative example 1 and comparing example 3 with comparative example 2, and the suspending effect of the air suspension concentrate of the present invention on proppant is significantly improved due to the addition of the suspension aid.
In conclusion, the invention provides a reagent formula for suspending fracturing propping agent by using air and a corresponding construction method. The air suspending agent is sprayed on the proppant through the air atomizing equipment, and the atomized suspending agent is quickly combined with the proppant, so that the proppant, the suspending agent and the air are combined together, the density of the proppant adhered with the air is reduced, and the proppant can be automatically suspended in an aqueous solution. The invention suspends the propping agent by the air suspending agent instead of carrying the propping agent by high-viscosity fracturing fluid, thereby greatly reducing the using amount of the polymer and the damage to a reservoir, and improving the fracturing modification effect and economic benefit.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. The air suspending agent for the fracturing propping agent is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of organic solvent, 1-20 parts of foaming agent, 1-20 parts of collecting agent and 1-2 parts of suspension adjuvant; the foaming agent is alcohol containing 4-10 carbon atoms, and the collecting agent is quaternary ammonium salt containing 8-30 carbon atom long-chain groups;
the suspension auxiliary agent is a polymer formed by polymerization reaction of raw material monomers of acrylamide, acrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and a hydrophobic monomer, wherein the hydrophobic monomer has the following structural formula:
in the formula, the value range of X is 11-18 respectively;
the preparation method of the suspension aid comprises the following steps:
(1) placing a flask containing methanol in an ice bath, and adding methyl 2-bromopropionate until the methyl 2-bromopropionate is completely dissolved; adding potassium ethyl xanthate, stirring the reaction solution at room temperature for reaction for 24 hours after the potassium ethyl xanthate is completely dissolved, then carrying out vacuum filtration to remove KBr, extracting a product from the filtrate by adopting a mixed solution of diethyl ether and hexane, and carrying out rotary evaporation on an extract containing the product to obtain a yellow liquid X1;
(2) dissolving yellow liquid X1 in ethanol, sequentially adding acrylamide, an initiator V-50 and distilled water, introducing argon gas for 30min under stirring to remove oxygen, continuously heating to 60 ℃ under the protection of argon gas, reacting for 3h at constant temperature until the reaction is finished, and removing ethanol by rotary evaporation to obtain light yellow powder PAM-X1;
(3) dissolving light yellow powder PAM-X1, acrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and a hydrophobic monomer in water, introducing argon for 30min to remove oxygen, adding an initiator which is a mixture of APS and NaFS in equal molar ratio, standing at room temperature in an argon atmosphere for reaction for 4h to obtain colorless or light milky gel, shearing, drying at low temperature, and preparing into a powdery suspension auxiliary agent.
2. The air suspension for fracturing proppants of claim 1, wherein said polymer has a molecular weight of between 2000 and 30000 g/mol.
3. The air suspending agent for fracturing propping agents of claim 1, wherein said collector is a mixture of one or more of a mono-surfactant, a bi-surfactant and a tri-surfactant; the molecular structural formula of the single-molecule surfactant is as follows:
in the formula, R1、R2、R3、R4Is long-chain alkyl with 8-30 carbon atoms or a long-chain group mixed with N or O atoms;
the molecular structural formula of the gemini surfactant is as follows:
in the formula, R5、R6Is a long chain alkyl group with 8-30 carbon atoms, R7Is a long chain alkyl group having 2 to 5 carbon atoms or a long chain alkyl group in which N or O atoms are mixedA chain group;
the molecular structural formula of the tri-surfactant is as follows:
in the formula, R8、R9、R10、R11、R12、R13Respectively is a long-chain alkyl with 1-5 carbon atoms; r14、R15、R16The long-chain alkyl group is a long-chain alkyl group with 5-25 carbon atoms or a long-chain group with N or O atoms mixed in the middle; r17、R18、R19Is one of hydroxyl, amino, carbonyl or carboxyl.
4. The air suspension for fracturing proppants of claim 1, wherein said organic solvent is white oil or mineral spirits.
5. A construction method of the air suspending agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the air atomizing device is adopted to atomize the suspending agent and spray the atomized suspending agent on the surface of the propping agent, and then the propping agent is conveyed to the cracks pressed by the stratum through slick water.
6. The method for constructing air suspension concentrate as claimed in claim 5, wherein the air atomization device comprises an air compressor and an air atomization nozzle, the air atomization nozzle is a two-fluid atomization nozzle, the air inlet of the two-fluid atomization nozzle is connected with the air compressor, the liquid inlet is connected with an air suspension storage tank, and the atomized liquid spray outlet is opposite to the auger outlet.
7. The construction method of the suspending agent according to claim 6, wherein an air diaphragm pump is used to pump the suspending agent to the liquid inlet of the air atomizing nozzle, the liquid inlet speed of the suspending agent is 0-50L/min, the air compressor delivers air to the air inlet, the air inlet pressure is 0-1 MPa, and the air input is 0-20 m3/min。
8. The method for constructing air suspension concentrate as claimed in claim 7, wherein there are a plurality of two-fluid atomizing nozzles, the nozzles are detachably installed at the outlet of the packing auger for transporting the proppant, and the spraying ports of the nozzles are opposite to the outlet of the packing auger.
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