CN110723949A - Underwater 3D printing concrete and construction method thereof - Google Patents
Underwater 3D printing concrete and construction method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723949A CN110723949A CN201911121049.1A CN201911121049A CN110723949A CN 110723949 A CN110723949 A CN 110723949A CN 201911121049 A CN201911121049 A CN 201911121049A CN 110723949 A CN110723949 A CN 110723949A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/06—Aluminous cements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00181—Mixtures specially adapted for three-dimensional printing (3DP), stereo-lithography or prototyping
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
- C04B2111/275—Making materials water insoluble
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/74—Underwater applications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
Abstract
The invention discloses underwater 3D printing concrete which comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of a cementing material, 20-38 parts of water, 60-120 parts of fine aggregate, 10-30 parts of water-based epoxy resin, 2.8-4.5 parts of an additive and 0.1-1 part of fiber, wherein the cementing material comprises 55-85 parts of cement and 15-35 parts of ultrafine powder. The invention further provides a construction method for underwater 3D printing concrete. The underwater 3D printing concrete provided by the invention is suitable for a building process and underwater operation of material increase self-control, the strength of the formed water and the land is higher, and the strength of the formed water and the land can reach above C50 after the concrete is cured in the water; the construction method provided by the invention can realize underwater mould-free construction so as to guide coastal and offshore construction projects and the construction work of a large amount of underwater concrete.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials and civil engineering construction, and particularly relates to underwater 3D printing concrete and a construction method thereof.
Background
With the development of economy in coastal areas, offshore engineering construction technology becomes a hot spot. The 3D printing technology highlights strong technical advantages in underwater operation due to the advantages of mold-free construction, mechanical operation, material increase self-control and digital construction, and can realize mechanized and automatic underwater construction engineering. The existing 3D printing concrete mix proportion design is more, and CN201910134165, CN201810913908 and CN201910133642 propose the mix proportion design of the 3D printing concrete.
Aiming at the underwater construction of common concrete, relatively mature concrete construction processes or measures such as an underwater concrete pile foundation construction process, a static underwater concrete pouring process, an underwater steel sheet pile retaining wall water blocking measure and the like are provided at home and abroad at the present stage, and the flocculating agent is added into the concrete to improve the viscosity of the concrete and improve the anti-dispersion performance. CN109748549A, CN109942259A and the like propose various strength underwater concrete mix proportion design and preparation methods. However, the existing underwater concrete is difficult to realize the workability requirements of additive self-manufacturing, overlapping and forming and underwater printing. At present, 3D printing mix proportion design and construction process exploration aiming at underwater printing operation are lacked, and underwater shaping and building forming cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide underwater 3D printing concrete and a construction method thereof, which are suitable for a material-increase self-made construction process and underwater operation, the strength of the formed land and water is higher, and the strength of the formed land and water can reach above C50 after maintenance in water; the construction method provided by the invention can realize underwater mould-free construction so as to guide coastal and offshore construction projects and the construction work of a large amount of underwater concrete.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
the underwater 3D printing concrete comprises, by weight, 80-100 parts of a cementing material, 20-38 parts of water, 60-120 parts of fine aggregate, 10-30 parts of water-based epoxy resin, 2.8-4.5 parts of an additive and 0.1-1 part of fiber, wherein the cementing material comprises 55-85 parts of cement and 15-35 parts of ultrafine powder.
The additive comprises, by weight, 2-3 parts of a high-efficiency water reducing agent, 0.1-0.2 part of a retarder, 0.2-0.3 part of a waterproof agent and 0.5-1 part of a flocculating agent.
Preferably, the high-efficiency water reducing agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agents and naphthalene water reducing agents.
Preferably, the retarder is selected from one or a combination of at least two of tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid and salts thereof, salicylic acid, borate, phosphate and zinc salts.
Preferably, the waterproof agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of cellulose ether, rubber powder, an organic silicon water repellent or starch ether.
Preferably, the flocculant is selected from one or a combination of at least two of sodium polyacrylate, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, sodium alginate, polyoxyethylene, caustic starch or polyacrylamide.
Preferably, the cement is selected from one or a combination of at least two of Portland cement, aluminate cement or sulphoaluminate cement; the superfine powder is one or the combination of at least two of silicon powder, superfine fly ash, superfine phosphorous slag powder, superfine slag powder or nano calcium carbonate powder.
Preferably, the fibers are selected from one or a combination of at least two of steel fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers or synthetic polymeric fibers.
Preferably, the underwater 3D printing concrete comprises, by weight, 91 parts of a cementing material, 27-36 parts of water, 90-120 parts of fine aggregate, 10-15 parts of water-based epoxy resin, 2.2-2.4 parts of a high-efficiency water reducing agent, 0.2 part of a retarder, 0.2 part of a waterproof agent, 0.6-0.7 part of a flocculating agent and 0.3-0.6 part of fiber, wherein the cementing material comprises 58-75 parts of cement and 16-31 parts of ultrafine powder. Preferably, the cement is selected from portland cement or a mixture of portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement, the ultrafine powder is selected from ultrafine fly ash or ultrafine slag powder, the high-efficiency water reducing agent is a polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, the retarder is selected from tartaric acid or sodium gluconate, the waterproof agent is selected from cellulose ether or rubber powder, the flocculant is selected from sodium polyacrylate, and the fiber is selected from polyvinyl alcohol fiber or polypropylene fiber.
The underwater 3D printing concrete provided by the invention is designed by determining the strength grade and the printing environment parameters according to the type and the importance grade of the construction project. Wherein the strength grade is mainly determined by the proportion of the cementing material; the printing form of the concrete is determined by the admixture, the fiber type and the doping amount; the underwater anti-dispersion capability of the concrete is determined by aqueous epoxy resin, a waterproof agent and a flocculating agent according to the underwater operation environment, the water depth and the water flow speed; and determining the underwater final setting time of the concrete according to the printing construction process and flow, and selecting the retarder and the using amount.
The underwater 3D printing concrete provided by the invention is suitable for the material increase self-made construction process and underwater operation, the strength of the formed water and the land is higher, and the strength of the formed water and the land can reach above C50 through maintenance in the water. In order to meet the requirements, the underwater 3D printed concrete provided by the invention has certain requirements in four aspects of yield stress growth rule, fluidity, setting time, underwater anti-dispersion property and strength of fresh concrete: wherein, the fluidity can be kept within the range of 160-: the land-water strength ratios of the compressive strength 7d and the compressive strength 28d are respectively more than 60 percent and 70 percent, the land-water strength ratios of the flexural strength 7d and the compressive strength 28d are respectively more than 50 percent and 60 percent, and the PH value of the aqueous solution is required to be less than 12.
The invention also provides a construction method of the underwater 3D printed concrete, which comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the mixed underwater 3D printing concrete into a vacuum pump of a printer for printing;
(2) inserting a printing port into water, enabling the distance between a discharge port and a pouring surface to be not more than 50cm, enabling the printing speed to be not higher than 50mm/s, and printing layer by layer at the discharge speed of 10-30 mm/s; if the printing machine is used in static water, the printing can be carried out layer by layer, and the construction can be carried out in sections, so that the disturbance in the printing and manufacturing process is reduced; if the printing ink is in flowing water, non-dispersible adhesive cement is required to be sprayed in the gaps of the printing layer strips for anti-collapse treatment;
(3) the concrete should be printed continuously, the interruption time is not longer than 20min, and the whole structure should be completed within 12 h.
The underwater 3D printing concrete mixing process comprises the following steps: weighing cement, the ultrafine powder and the fine aggregate in proportion, and uniformly mixing to obtain uniformly mixed solid powder for later use; adding the water-based epoxy resin, the admixture and 1/2 water into the uniformly mixed solid powder; stirring for 90-120s, and adding the remaining 1/2 water; stirring for 60-90s, and adding fiber; stirring for 90-120 s.
The construction method provided by the invention determines the construction process and key parameters, can guide the automatic intelligent construction of 3D printed concrete, realizes underwater template-free construction, and guides construction projects such as coastal construction, offshore construction and the like and construction work of a large amount of underwater concrete.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a mixing process diagram of underwater 3D printed concrete.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
By weight, the underwater 3D printing concrete provided by the embodiment includes: 42.5 parts of sulphoaluminate cement 58, 31 parts of ultrafine fly ash, 36 parts of water, 90 parts of fine aggregate, 10 parts of waterborne epoxy resin, 2.4 parts of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, 0.2 part of tartaric acid, 0.2 part of cellulose ether, 0.6 part of sodium polyacrylate and 0.3 part of polyvinyl alcohol fiber. The mixing process of underwater 3D printed concrete is shown in fig. 1.
Example 2
By weight, the underwater 3D printing concrete provided by the embodiment includes: 60 parts of portland cement, 15 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 16 parts of superfine slag powder, 27 parts of water, 100 parts of fine aggregate, 15 parts of waterborne epoxy resin, 2.2 parts of polycarboxylic acid high-efficiency water reducing agent, 0.2 part of sodium gluconate, 0.2 part of rubber powder, 0.7 part of sodium polyacrylate and 0.6 part of polypropylene fiber.
Tests show that the fluidity of the underwater printing concrete materials prepared in the examples 1 and 2 can be kept within the range of 160-190mm, the setting time is preferably kept within 20-120 min, and the performance requirements of underwater undispersed concrete are considered: the land-water strength ratios of the compressive strength 7d and the compressive strength 28d are respectively more than 60 percent and 70 percent, the land-water strength ratios of the flexural strength 7d and the compressive strength 28d are respectively more than 50 percent and 60 percent, and the PH value of the aqueous solution is required to be less than 12. And finally, the concrete can be cured in water to reach the strength above C50, and powerful strength and quality guarantee are provided for future 3D printing underwater structures.
The construction method of the underwater 3D printing concrete prepared in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 is as follows:
1. preparing a cementing material, an admixture and half of water, weighing an additive, and stirring at a high speed (1200 r/min);
2. mixing for 90-120s, adding the rest water, stirring at high speed (1200r/min) for 60-90s, adding fiber, stirring at high speed (1200r/min), and mixing for 90-120 s;
3. after the mixing is finished, putting the stirred substrate into a vacuum pump of a printer for printing;
4. inserting a printing port into water, enabling the distance between a discharge port and a pouring surface to be not more than 50cm, enabling the printing speed to be not higher than 50mm/s, and printing layer by layer at the discharge speed of 10-30 mm/s;
5. if the printing can be carried out layer by layer in static water, the construction can be carried out in sections, and the disturbance in the printing and manufacturing process is reduced; if the printing ink is in flowing water, non-dispersible adhesive cement is required to be sprayed in the gaps of the printing layer strips for anti-collapse treatment;
6. the concrete should be printed continuously, the interruption time is not longer than 20min, and the whole structure should be completed within 12 h.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only the most preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, additions, equivalents, etc. made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The underwater 3D printing concrete is characterized by comprising 80-100 parts by weight of cementing materials, 20-38 parts by weight of water, 60-120 parts by weight of fine aggregates, 10-30 parts by weight of water-based epoxy resin, 2.8-4.5 parts by weight of additives and 0.1-1 part by weight of fibers, wherein the cementing materials comprise 55-85 parts by weight of cement and 15-35 parts by weight of ultrafine powder.
2. The underwater 3D printing concrete according to claim 1, wherein the additive comprises, by weight, 2-3 parts of a high-efficiency water reducing agent, 0.1-0.2 part of a retarder, 0.2-0.3 part of a waterproof agent and 0.5-1 part of a flocculating agent.
3. The underwater 3D printed concrete according to claim 2, wherein the high efficiency water reducer is selected from one or a combination of at least two of a polycarboxylic acid water reducer or a naphthalene water reducer.
4. The underwater 3D printed concrete according to claim 2, wherein the retarder is selected from tartaric acid, citric acid, gluconic acid and salts thereof and one or a combination of at least two of salicylic acid, borates, phosphates, zinc salts.
5. The underwater 3D printed concrete according to claim 2, wherein the water repellent agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of cellulose ether, gelatine powder, silicone water repellent or starch ether.
6. The underwater 3D printed concrete according to claim 2, wherein the flocculating agent is selected from one or a combination of at least two of sodium polyacrylate, hydrolyzed polyacrylamide, sodium alginate, polyoxyethylene, caustic starch, or polyacrylamide.
7. The underwater 3D printed concrete according to claim 1, wherein the cement is selected from one or a combination of at least two of portland cement, aluminate cement, or sulphoaluminate cement; the superfine powder is one or the combination of at least two of silicon powder, superfine fly ash, superfine phosphorous slag powder, superfine slag powder or nano calcium carbonate powder.
8. The underwater 3D printed concrete according to claim 1, wherein the fibers are selected from one or a combination of at least two of steel fibers, glass fibers, carbon fibers or synthetic polymeric fibers.
9. The underwater 3D printing concrete according to claim 1, wherein the underwater 3D printing concrete comprises, by weight, a cementing material 91, water 27-36, fine aggregates 90-120, water-based epoxy resin 10-15, a high-efficiency water reducing agent 2.2-2.4, a retarder 0.2, a waterproof agent 0.2, a flocculating agent 0.6-0.7 and fibers 0.3-0.6, and the cementing material comprises cement 58-75 and ultrafine powder 16-31.
10. A construction method of underwater 3D printed concrete according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
(1) placing the mixed underwater 3D printing concrete into a vacuum pump of a printer for printing;
(2) inserting a printing port into water, enabling the distance between a discharge port and a pouring surface to be not more than 50cm, enabling the printing speed to be not higher than 50mm/s, and printing layer by layer at the discharge speed of 10-30 mm/s; if the printing machine is used in static water, the printing can be carried out layer by layer, and the construction can be carried out in sections, so that the disturbance in the printing and manufacturing process is reduced; if the printing ink is in flowing water, non-dispersible adhesive cement is required to be sprayed in the gaps of the printing layer strips for anti-collapse treatment;
(3) the concrete should be printed continuously, the interruption time is not longer than 20min, and the whole structure should be completed within 12 h.
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| CN201911121049.1A CN110723949A (en) | 2019-11-15 | 2019-11-15 | Underwater 3D printing concrete and construction method thereof |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111454026A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-28 | 中交上海三航科学研究院有限公司 | Underwater foundation bagged concrete, preparation method and application |
| CN112592139A (en) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-02 | 安徽瑞和新材料有限公司 | Rapid repairing material for concrete defects at deep water part of sluice in complex operation environment |
| CN115093174A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-09-23 | 广州大学 | Underwater 3D printing mortar |
| WO2022226386A1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-27 | Petchler Miles | Cementitious and water-based epoxy 3d printing mortar and methods for making the same |
| CN115677260A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-02-03 | 中建西部建设(广东)有限公司 | Additive for slow-setting type underwater undispersed concrete and preparation method thereof |
| EP4286349A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-06 | Holcim Technology Ltd | Method of building a concrete element for marine or river applications |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111454026A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-07-28 | 中交上海三航科学研究院有限公司 | Underwater foundation bagged concrete, preparation method and application |
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| WO2022226386A1 (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2022-10-27 | Petchler Miles | Cementitious and water-based epoxy 3d printing mortar and methods for making the same |
| CN115093174A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-09-23 | 广州大学 | Underwater 3D printing mortar |
| EP4286349A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-06 | Holcim Technology Ltd | Method of building a concrete element for marine or river applications |
| WO2023233315A1 (en) * | 2022-06-01 | 2023-12-07 | Holcim Technology Ltd | Method of building a concrete element for marine or river applications |
| CN115677260A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-02-03 | 中建西部建设(广东)有限公司 | Additive for slow-setting type underwater undispersed concrete and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200124 |