CN110723781B - Sewage treatment device and treatment method for removing heavy metal ions - Google Patents
Sewage treatment device and treatment method for removing heavy metal ions Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723781B CN110723781B CN201911094076.4A CN201911094076A CN110723781B CN 110723781 B CN110723781 B CN 110723781B CN 201911094076 A CN201911094076 A CN 201911094076A CN 110723781 B CN110723781 B CN 110723781B
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- exchange
- electrode plate
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- flushing
- exchange resin
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- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention discloses a sewage treatment device for removing heavy metal ions, which comprises a plurality of exchange mechanisms, a flushing mechanism and a salt adding mechanism which are connected in series; the exchange mechanism comprises an exchange tank, at least one layer of exchange resin filter plates are arranged in the exchange tank, and each layer of exchange resin filter plates sequentially comprises an anion electrode plate, ion exchange resin and a cation electrode plate from top to bottom; the flushing mechanism comprises a flushing pipe capable of supplying high-pressure clean water, and the flushing pipe is arranged on the wall of the exchange tank corresponding to each exchange resin filter plate; the salt adding mechanism is arranged on the exchange tank and is used for containing salt and is communicated with the exchange tank through a salt conveying pipe. The invention improves the replacement ion exchange efficiency and prolongs the service life of the exchange resin; the resin is recycled and recovered by combining the flushing and salt adding mechanism, so that the use cost is reduced, and the problem of high price of the existing resin is solved; the sewage treatment device disclosed by the invention is flexible to assemble, wide in adaptability, high in automation degree and worthy of popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sewage treatment, and particularly relates to a sewage treatment device and a treatment method for removing heavy metal ions.
Background
Currently, methods for treating heavy metal wastewater can be roughly classified into three categories: (1) chemical methods; (2) physical treatment; (3) biological treatment method. The chemical method mainly comprises a chemical precipitation method and an electrolytic method, is mainly suitable for treating wastewater containing heavy metal ions with higher concentration, and is the main method for treating the wastewater containing heavy metal at home and abroad at present. The physical treatment method mainly comprises solvent extraction separation, ion exchange method, membrane separation technology and adsorption method.
In practical application, the ion exchange method is favored because of simplicity, easy implementation and less secondary pollution. The ion exchange principle is to replace heavy metal ions in sewage to be attached to ion exchange resin. At present, a plurality of ion exchange resins are used, different exchange resins can be selected according to different heavy metal ion components of sewage, the effective exchange can be carried out in an exchange mechanism, the effect of replacing heavy metal ions can be achieved, and the chemical reaction process in the replacement depends on the types of the exchange resins and the types of the heavy metal ions in the sewage. The devices used in the existing exchange method are provided with a plurality of devices, but all the devices have the following defects: after the exchange mechanism is used for a period of time, a large amount of heavy metal salt is attached to the surface of the resin, so that the tiny gaps and the surface existing in the exchange resin are completely wrapped, and the purpose of removing heavy metal cannot be achieved after the exchange mechanism is used continuously, so that the existing treatment method is to remove and replace the exchange resin. However, the exchange resins currently on the market are expensive, and although the exchange resins can be replaced frequently to obtain good treatment effects, the economic cost is increased greatly, so that the economic pressure of treatment enterprises is increased.
Therefore, it is necessary to improve the existing ion exchange drawbacks and develop more efficient and energy-saving ion exchange sewage treatment technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the problems, the sewage treatment device and the treatment method for removing the heavy metal ions are provided, the removal efficiency of the exchange resin on the heavy metal ions is improved, and the service life of the exchange resin is prolonged.
The invention comprises the following steps:
A sewage treatment device for removing heavy metal ions comprises a plurality of exchange mechanisms, a flushing mechanism and a salt adding mechanism which are connected in series; the exchange mechanism comprises an exchange tank, at least one layer of exchange resin filter plates are arranged in the exchange tank, and each layer of exchange resin filter plates sequentially comprises an anion electrode plate, ion exchange resin and a cation electrode plate from top to bottom; the flushing mechanism comprises a flushing pipe capable of supplying high-pressure clean water, and the flushing pipe is arranged on the wall of the exchange tank corresponding to each exchange resin filter plate; the salt adding mechanism is arranged on the exchange tank and is used for containing salt solution and is communicated with the exchange tank through a salt conveying pipe.
The purpose of setting up anion electrode plate and cation electrode plate in each layer vertical filter plate is that when sewage flow through any one deck resin filter plate, all is through anion electrode plate earlier, because heavy metal ion is positively charged, can give heavy metal ion electron compensation under anion electrode plate's effect for some heavy metal ion can be directly reduced to the metal and attached to anion electrode plate, has reduced exchange resin's replacement pressure, has prolonged the life cycle. Meanwhile, the purpose of arranging the cationic electrode plate at the lowest part is to further prevent positively charged metal ions from flowing away along with water flow in the sewage flowing process, so that the residence time of the metal ions in the exchange resin layer is prolonged, and higher exchange efficiency is achieved.
Further, the exchange resin filter plate is four layers, and the installation direction is perpendicular to the water flow direction and parallel to each other. Because of the dynamic fluidity of sewage, most of metal ions can flow away because of being replaced or reduced into metal in time, so the problem can be effectively solved by arranging the multi-layer resin filter plate.
Further, the flushing pipe of the flushing mechanism comprises a main flushing pipe and a shunt pipe connected with the main flushing pipe; the shunt pipe is communicated with a flushing branch pipe, and is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the exchange tank corresponding to each exchange resin filter plate.
Further, the salt adding mechanism comprises a funnel, a salt conveying pipe communicated with the funnel, and a salt conveying valve arranged on the salt conveying pipe and used for opening or closing the salt conveying pipe, wherein the other end of the salt conveying pipe is communicated with the exchange mechanism.
Further, the exchange tank comprises a tank body with an opening at the upper part and a cover body hermetically covered on the opening at the upper part of the tank body, the tank body and the cover body are detachably and hermetically connected, and the salt adding mechanism is fixedly connected on the cover body.
Further, the drain pipes of each exchange mechanism are provided with a connection flange for dismounting the connection. The arrangement of the connecting flange is beneficial to the installation in series connection, and meanwhile, the flexible series connection of different numbers of exchange mechanisms can be selectively realized according to the different concentrations of the heavy metal ions in the sewage, so that the reaction time and the effective treatment flow can be further increased, and the treatment efficiency and the heavy metal ion removal rate are improved.
Further, program control valves are arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the exchange mechanism and a flushing pipe of the flushing mechanism, the operation is controlled by the PLC component, the mode of the program control valves and the PLC is adopted for controlling the operation, the water inlet treatment capacity and the operation time are set, and the flushing pipe is controlled to flush at certain intervals of the operation time, so that the autonomous operation of the device is realized.
The invention also comprises a method for sewage treatment by utilizing the sewage treatment device, which comprises the following steps:
1) Determining the concentration of heavy metal ions in sewage and selecting exchange mechanisms, and determining the number of the exchange mechanisms and the types of ion exchange resins which are required to be connected in series according to the concentration of the heavy metal ions; 2) Controlling sewage to enter the exchange mechanism and sequentially pass through the anionic electrode plate, the ion exchange resin and the cationic electrode plate; 3) Stopping sewage from entering at intervals of set time, and introducing a high-pressure water source to wash the exchange resin filter plate; 4) The salt for replacement is added into the exchange mechanism through the salt adding mechanism according to a given proportion, so that the exchange resin is regenerated.
Further, the salt comprises one or two of sodium salt and potassium salt.
Further, the brine concentration is controlled to be 5% -15%, preferably 10%.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention improves the traditional ion exchange method, and respectively adds the anion electrode plate and the cation electrode plate before and after the exchange resin, thereby improving the exchange efficiency and prolonging the service life of the exchange resin; the exchange mechanism is combined with the flushing regeneration mechanism, so that the exchanged various resins can be recycled; the use cost is reduced, and the problem of high price of the existing heavy metal ion replacement resin is solved; the sewage treatment device disclosed by the invention is flexible to assemble, can adapt to water samples with different heavy metal types and concentrations, is wide in applicable treatment capacity range, can be automatically implemented, and is worthy of popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a sewage treatment apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing the internal construction of the exchange tank of the present invention;
In the figure, 1 is a water inlet pipe, 2 is a water inlet valve, 3 is a salt adding mechanism, 4 is an exchange mechanism, 5 is a flushing mechanism, 6 is a connecting flange, 7 is a water discharging valve, 8 is a water discharging pipe, 31 is a funnel, 32 is a salt conveying pipe, 33 is a salt conveying valve, 41 is a cover, 42 is a tank, 51 is a first flushing branch pipe, 52 is a second flushing branch pipe, 53 is a third flushing branch pipe, 54 is a fourth flushing branch pipe, 55 is a shunt pipe, 56 is a main flushing pipe, 511 is a first anion electrode plate, 512 is a first ion exchange resin, 513 is a first cation electrode plate, 521 is a second anion electrode plate, 522 is a second ion exchange resin, 523 is a second cation electrode plate, 531 is a third anion electrode plate, 532 is a third ion exchange resin, 533 is a third cation electrode plate, 541 is a fourth anion electrode plate, 542 is a fourth anion exchange resin, 543 is a fourth cation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the heavy metal ions in the sewage are detected to determine a sewage processor, and the sewage processor comprises three exchange mechanisms connected in series, wherein the exchange mechanism 4 comprises an exchange tank for hermetically containing the sewage, and a plurality of layers of mutually independent exchange resin filter plates are arranged in parallel in the exchange tank. Because the sewage treatment process is a dynamic process, the arrangement of a plurality of layers of mutually independent exchange resin filter plates can further increase the effective exchange efficiency in the exchange mechanism 4 and improve the removal rate of heavy metal ions in unit flow. The exchange tank comprises a tank body 42 with an opening at the upper part and a cover body 41 which is hermetically covered on the opening at the upper part of the tank body 42, wherein the tank body 42 and the cover body 41 are detachably and hermetically connected, and the cover body 41 is fixedly connected with a salt adding mechanism 3. The exchange resin filter plates are four layers, the installation direction is perpendicular to the water flow direction and parallel to each other, and each exchange resin filter plate consists of a first resin filter plate, a second resin filter plate, a third resin filter plate and a fourth resin filter plate.
The flushing mechanism 5 includes a main flushing pipe 56 for supplying high-pressure clear water, a shunt pipe 55 connected to the main flushing pipe 56, a first flushing branch pipe 51, a second flushing branch pipe 52, a third flushing branch pipe 53 and a fourth flushing branch pipe 54 which are communicated with the shunt pipe 55 and fixedly installed on the side wall of the exchange tank at positions corresponding to the respective resin filter plates. The salt adding mechanism 3 comprises a funnel 31, a salt conveying pipe 32 communicated with the funnel 31, a salt conveying valve 33 arranged on the salt conveying pipe 32 and used for opening or closing the salt conveying pipe 32, and the other end of the salt conveying pipe 33 is communicated with the exchange mechanism 4.
The exchange mechanism at the water inlet end is provided with a water inlet pipe 1, the water inlet pipe 1 is provided with a water inlet valve 2, a flushing main pipe 56 of the flushing mechanism 5 is provided with a flushing valve, and the water inlet valve 2 and the flushing valve can be program-controlled valves and are controlled by a PLC control component. A drain valve 7 is arranged on the drain pipe 8; the drain pipes 8 of each exchange means 4 are provided with a connection flange for the detachable connection.
As shown in fig. 2, the first resin filter sheet is composed of a first anion electrode plate 511, a first ion exchange resin 512, and a first cation electrode plate 513, which are installed in this order from the top down. The second resin filter plate is composed of a second anion electrode plate 521, a second ion exchange resin 522 and a second cation electrode plate 523 which are sequentially installed from top to bottom; the third resin filter plate is composed of a third anion electrode plate 531, a third ion exchange resin 532 and a third cation electrode plate 533 which are installed in sequence from top to bottom; the fourth resin filter plate is composed of a fourth anion electrode plate 541, a fourth ion exchange resin 542, and a fourth cation electrode plate 543, which are installed in this order from the top down. The ion exchange resin type can be determined according to the heavy metal ion type in the sewage.
The sewage treatment device operates as follows: controlling sewage to enter an exchange mechanism 4 to remove heavy metal ions; the sewage firstly passes through the anion electrode plate, and because heavy metal ions are positively charged, the heavy metal ions can be compensated electronically under the action of the anion electrode plate, so that part of the heavy metal ions can be directly reduced into metal and attached to the anion electrode plate, the replacement pressure of the exchange resin is reduced, and the service time period is prolonged; secondly, carrying out ion exchange reaction through ion exchange resin; finally, through the cationic electrode plate, the cationic electrode plate can further prevent positively charged metal ions from flowing away along with water flow, so that the residence time of the metal ions in the exchange resin layer is prolonged, and higher exchange efficiency is achieved. When the sewage treatment device runs for a period of time, the working state of the exchange resin can be judged according to the empirical running time data or the concentration of heavy metals in the detected water, when the condition that the heavy metal ions cannot be removed is determined, the water inlet can be stopped under the control of a manual or automatic control system, a flushing valve is opened, a high-pressure water source is introduced into each resin filter plate by a flushing main pipe 56 to realize flushing, and the heavy metal salt or dirt attached to the surfaces of the exchange resin and the ion electrode plates is cleaned. After the washing is finished, a proper amount of sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 10% is contained in the funnel, a salt conveying valve is opened, and salt is added into the exchange mechanism through a salt conveying pipe, so that the regeneration of the exchange resin is realized. In regeneration, either direct flushing or resin soaking in salt solution can be selected for replacement or both can be combined.
Compared with the method without adding the anion electrode plate and the cation electrode plate, the method adopts the same exchange resin to treat the sewage from the same source, improves the removal rate of heavy metals in the treated sewage by 60 percent on the original basis, and prolongs the service cycle of the ion exchange resin by nearly one third compared with the method without adding the anion electrode plate due to the reduction of the replacement pressure of the anion electrode plate to the exchange resin. The resin filter plate is regenerated by adopting the flushing mechanism 5 and the salt adding mechanism 3, so that the resin filter plate can be reused, the cost is effectively reduced, and the problem of high price of the existing heavy metal ion replacement resin is solved.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification, as well as to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of the method or process disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. A sewage treatment device for removing heavy metal ions, which is characterized in that: comprises a plurality of exchange mechanisms, a flushing mechanism and a salt adding mechanism which are connected in series; the exchange mechanism comprises an exchange tank, at least one layer of exchange resin filter plates are arranged in the exchange tank, and each layer of exchange resin filter plates sequentially comprises an anion electrode plate, ion exchange resin and a cation electrode plate from top to bottom; the flushing mechanism comprises a flushing pipe capable of supplying high-pressure clean water, and the flushing pipe is arranged on the wall of the exchange tank corresponding to each exchange resin filter plate; the salt adding mechanism is arranged on the exchange tank and is used for containing salt solution and is communicated with the exchange tank through a salt conveying pipe;
The exchange resin filter plates are four layers, and the installation direction is perpendicular to the water flow direction and parallel to each other; the filter consists of a first resin filter plate, a second resin filter plate, a third resin filter plate and a fourth resin filter plate;
The first resin filter plate consists of a first anion electrode plate, a first ion exchange resin and a first cation electrode plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the second resin filter plate consists of a second anion electrode plate, a second ion exchange resin and a second cation electrode plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the third resin filter plate consists of a third anion electrode plate, a third ion exchange resin and a third cation electrode plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the fourth resin filter plate consists of a fourth anion electrode plate, a fourth ion exchange resin and a fourth cation electrode plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
When sewage flows through any resin filter plate, the sewage firstly passes through the anion electrode plate, and under the action of the anion electrode plate, heavy metal ions can be compensated electronically, so that part of the heavy metal ions can be directly reduced into metal, and a layer of cation electrode plate is arranged at the lowest part, so that positively charged metal ions are further hindered in the sewage flowing process.
2. The wastewater treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein: the flushing pipe of the flushing mechanism comprises a main flushing pipe and a shunt pipe connected with the main flushing pipe; the shunt pipe is communicated with a flushing branch pipe, and is fixedly arranged on the side wall of the exchange tank corresponding to each exchange resin filter plate.
3. The wastewater treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein: the salt adding mechanism comprises a funnel, a salt conveying pipe communicated with the funnel, and a salt conveying valve arranged on the salt conveying pipe and used for opening or closing the salt conveying pipe, wherein the other end of the salt conveying pipe is communicated with the exchange mechanism.
4. The wastewater treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein: the exchange tank comprises a tank body with an opening at the upper part and a cover body with an opening at the upper part, the tank body and the cover body are detachably and hermetically connected, and the salt adding mechanism is fixedly connected to the cover body.
5. The wastewater treatment facility according to claim 1, wherein: the drain pipes of each exchange mechanism are provided with a connecting flange for disassembling connection.
6. A sewage treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: program control valves are arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the exchange mechanism and a flushing pipe of the flushing mechanism, and the operation is controlled by the PLC component.
7. A method for sewage treatment using the sewage treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of: 1) Determining the concentration of heavy metal ions in sewage and selecting exchange mechanisms, and determining the number of the exchange mechanisms and the types of ion exchange resins which are required to be connected in series according to the concentration of the heavy metal ions; 2) Controlling sewage to enter the exchange mechanism and sequentially pass through the anionic electrode plate, the ion exchange resin and the cationic electrode plate; 3) Stopping sewage from entering at intervals of set time, and introducing a high-pressure water source to wash the exchange resin filter plate; 4) The salt for replacement is added into the exchange mechanism through the salt adding mechanism according to a given proportion, so that the exchange resin is regenerated.
8. The method for treating sewage according to claim 7, wherein the salt comprises one or both of sodium salt and potassium salt.
9. The method for treating sewage according to claim 8, wherein the brine concentration is controlled to be 5% -15%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911094076.4A CN110723781B (en) | 2019-11-11 | Sewage treatment device and treatment method for removing heavy metal ions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911094076.4A CN110723781B (en) | 2019-11-11 | Sewage treatment device and treatment method for removing heavy metal ions |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN110723781A CN110723781A (en) | 2020-01-24 |
| CN110723781B true CN110723781B (en) | 2024-06-07 |
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