CN110722813B - Device and method for preparing electrospray composite material - Google Patents
Device and method for preparing electrospray composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110722813B CN110722813B CN201910890061.2A CN201910890061A CN110722813B CN 110722813 B CN110722813 B CN 110722813B CN 201910890061 A CN201910890061 A CN 201910890061A CN 110722813 B CN110722813 B CN 110722813B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/54—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
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- Synthetic Leather, Interior Materials Or Flexible Sheet Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an electrospray composite material preparation device and method. The device comprises a layering device and a laminating device; the layer paving device comprises a main fiber layer paving device and a bonding layer material spraying device. The preparation method comprises the following steps: spraying PES high polymer nano balls on the surface of the carded main fiber in a reciprocating mode along the conveying direction of the main fiber; the sprayed main body fibers are subjected to cross lapping, and PES high polymer nano beads are sprayed on the main body fibers in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction of a cross lapping output curtain to obtain a fiber net; after the fiber web is conveyed to the position below the carded main fibers, repeating the steps at least once, and outputting a layer paving material; the layer material is hot-pressed and formed by a laminating device to prepare the composite material. The invention utilizes the uniformly and fully distributed electrosprayed nanospheres as the structural adhesive to realize structural adhesion, the nanospheres have good adhesion with the material, are uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate, improve the interface binding force of the main fiber material, and improve the fatigue resistance and the aging resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electrospray composite material preparation device and method, and belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation.
Background
Polyether sulfone (PES) is a high-temperature-resistant thermoplastic polymer material, has the characteristics of high toughness, good hardness and obvious long-term load, and is still stable in performance at 200 ℃; the creep resistance is good, and the material can be loaded at 180 ℃; the size stability is good, the electrical property is excellent, and the electrical property is not obviously changed at the temperature of between 40 ℃ below zero and 200 ℃; the low temperature resistance is also good, and the product has no brittle fracture at the low temperature of-150 ℃; good chemical stability, acid, alkali, straight chain hydrocarbon and gasoline resistance, and difficult aging. The polyether sulfone material is widely used for manufacturing bearing protection covers, gear boxes of load-carrying trucks, military precision parts, drill bit handles, radar antenna covers, external accessories of airplane cabins and the like.
At present, the polyether sulfone is mainly processed into plastics for use, and the forming process comprises injection, extrusion, blow molding, pressing, solvent pouring, coating and the like. The polyethersulfone is processed into plastic, the tensile strength reaches 86MPa, and the bending elastic modulus reaches 2.7 GPa.
Electrospray nanospheres of polymers are an important molding condition and a surprising series of properties occur when the particle diameter is reduced from micron to submicron or nanometer dimensions. Such as very large volume specific surface area, surface functionalization can be flexibly performed; since the spray is charged, it has good adhesion to the material, and droplets of the same charge are not aggregated and uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate.
Currently some composite adhesives are disclosed at home and abroad, ford glob-ball technology corporation discloses a hybrid adhesive system ZL 201710348755.4 for metal and composite components, which includes a fast curing low strength adhesive and a high strength structural adhesive to reduce the cycle time for automobile manufacturing, and chinese patent ZL 201810981989.7 discloses a method for hot-press bonding of electrospun EVA fibers to a nonwoven material, which uses a single-needle electrostatic spinning device to produce EVA nanofibers, which are bonded after hot-press melting.
The electro-spraying polyether sulfone nano-spheres have the advantages of polyether sulfone materials and nano-sized structures. The electrically sprayed polyethersulfone nanospheres serving as the adhesive of the composite material structure are fully filled among the main fibers. After lamination, the nano-sphere layer generates micro-flow, and the action area between the main fiber layers is greatly increased. At present, no report of filling nano PES (polyether sulfone) balls as a composite material adhesive layer by an electrostatic spraying technology is published at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the existing composite material adhesive has the problems of complex components, high content, uneven and insufficient filling, unstable interface action, insufficient fatigue and aging resistance and the like, realizes the uniform and controllable filling of low-proportion nano-spheres, and then realizes the lightweight batch preparation of the composite material with high interface binding force.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: an electrospray composite material preparation device is characterized by comprising a layering device and a laminating device; the layer paving device comprises a main fiber layer paving device and a bonding layer material spraying device, wherein the main fiber layer paving device is used for carding main fibers into fiber bundles which are arranged in an oriented mode and reversing the 90-degree phase of a fiber net made of the main fibers, and the bonding layer material spraying device is used for spraying PES high polymer nano-beads on the main fibers or the fiber net.
Preferably, the layer paving device sequentially comprises a carding machine, a conveying curtain, a flat curtain II positioned below the flat curtain I, a net guide roller positioned below the flat curtain II, and a cross lapping output curtain positioned below the net guide roller and used for reversing the 90-degree phase of the fiber net made of the main fibers. The carding machine is used for carding the input main body fibers into an oriented fiber web with a certain orientation degree along the direction of the conveying curtain.
More preferably, the adhesive layer material spraying device comprises a group of movable and static electric spray nozzles arranged above the flat curtain I and a group of movable and static electric spray nozzles arranged above the cross lapping output curtain II.
Furthermore, the movable static electric spray nozzle I and the movable static electric spray nozzle II are in linear undisturbed arrangement and can simultaneously perform directional reciprocating motion; the directional reciprocating motion is parallel to the reciprocating motion of the flat curtain I/cross lapping output curtain or perpendicular to the reciprocating motion of the flat curtain I/cross lapping output curtain.
Furthermore, the first movable and static electric spray nozzle and the second movable and static electric spray nozzle are both needle-free electrostatic spray nozzles.
Furthermore, the flow rate of a single spray head in the movable static electric spray head I and the movable static electric spray head II is 1-5 g/h.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the electrospray composite material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1): carding the main body fibers by a carding machine;
step 2): the movable dynamic and static electric spraying nozzle I sprays PES high polymer nano balls on the surface of the carded main body fiber in a reciprocating mode along the conveying direction of the main body fiber under the action of high-voltage electrostatic force;
step 3): conveying the sprayed main body fibers to a cross lapping output curtain for cross lapping, and spraying PES high polymer nano beads on the main body fibers in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction of the cross lapping output curtain by a movable and movable electric spraying nozzle II under the action of high-pressure electrostatic force to obtain a fiber net;
step 4): after the fiber web obtained in the step 3) is conveyed to the position below the carded main fibers, repeating the step 2) and the step 3) at least once, and outputting a layer paving material;
step 5): the layer material is hot-pressed and formed by a laminating device to prepare the composite material.
Preferably, the main fiber adopted in the step 1) is a filament or a staple fiber, and the fineness is 1-100 micrometers; the material is at least one of high-strength carbon fiber, aramid fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene and glass fiber.
Preferably, the degree of orientation of the web obtained in step 3) is between 0 and 1.
Preferably, the hot pressing pressure of the laminating device in the step 5) is 0-10MPa, and the hot pressing temperature is 0-400 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the electrostatic spraying technology adopted by the invention takes the electrically sprayed nanospheres as the adhesion component of the composite material, and the nanospheres are uniformly and fully electrically sprayed on the main body fibers by relative motion of the needle-free electrostatic spraying nozzle and the main body fiber layer material; hot pressing the multilayer composite material by using a laminating device, and melting the electrospun nano-bead layer to realize the ultra-tight effect among the main fibers; the invention can realize the structural adhesion of high-strength metal and aerospace materials by using the uniformly and fully distributed electrosprayed nanospheres as a structural adhesive, the granularity of the adhesive material, namely the granularity of the nanospheres, can be conveniently and finely regulated and controlled by electrostatic spray process parameters, and the electrostatic spray is electrified, so that the electrostatic spray has good adhesion with the material, droplets with the same charge cannot be condensed, and the electrostatic spray is uniformly distributed on the surface of a base material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for preparing an electrospray composite material provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a layer-laying device in an electrospray composite material preparation device provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the invention more comprehensible, preferred embodiments are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
An electrospray composite material preparation device comprises a layer paving device and a laminating device; the layer paving device comprises a main fiber layer paving device and a bonding layer material spraying device, wherein the main fiber layer paving device is used for carding the main fibers 8 into fiber bundles which are arranged in an oriented mode and reversing the 190-degree phase of a fiber net made of the main fibers 8, and the bonding layer material spraying device is used for spraying PES high polymer nano balls 3 on the main fibers 8 or the fiber net 1.
As shown in fig. 2, the layer paving device sequentially comprises a carding machine, a conveying curtain 9, a flat curtain 1, a flat curtain II 6 positioned below the flat curtain I1, a web guide roller 5 positioned below the flat curtain II 6, and a cross lapping output curtain 2 positioned below the web guide roller 5 and used for reversing the phase of a fiber web made of main fibers 8 by 190 degrees. The carding machine is used for carding the input main body fibers into an oriented fiber web with a certain orientation degree along the direction of the conveying curtain.
The adhesive layer material spraying device comprises a group of movable and static electric spray nozzles (7) arranged above the flat curtain (10) and a group of movable and static electric spray nozzles (4) arranged above the crossed lapping output curtain (2). The movable and static electric spray nozzle I7 and the movable and static electric spray nozzle II 4 are in linear undisturbed arrangement and can simultaneously perform directional reciprocating motion; the directional reciprocating motion is parallel to the reciprocating motion of the first flat curtain (10)/cross lapping output curtain (2) or perpendicular to the reciprocating motion of the first flat curtain (10)/cross lapping output curtain (2). The movable and static electric spray nozzle I7 and the movable and static electric spray nozzle II 4 are needle-free electrostatic spray nozzles. The flow rate of a single spray head in the movable and static electric spray head I7 and the movable and static electric spray head II 4 is 1-5 g/h.
An electrospray composite material preparation method is shown in a flow chart of fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
step 1: carding the main body fiber 8 by a carding machine;
step 2: the movable dynamic and static electric spraying nozzle I7 sprays PES high polymer nano balls 3 on the surface of the carded main fiber 8 in a reciprocating mode along the conveying direction of the flat curtain I10 under the action of high-voltage electrostatic force;
and step 3: conveying the sprayed main fibers 8 to a cross lapping output curtain 2 for cross lapping, and spraying PES high polymer nano beads 3 to the main fibers 8 in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction of the cross lapping output curtain 2 by a movable and static electric spray nozzle II 4 under the action of high-voltage electrostatic force to obtain a fiber net 1;
and 4, step 4: after the fiber web 1 obtained in the step 3 is conveyed to the position below the carded main fiber 8, repeating the step 2 and the step 3 at least once, and outputting a layer paving material;
and 5: the layer material is hot-pressed and formed by a laminating device to prepare the composite material.
The main fiber 8 adopted in the step 1 is a filament or a staple fiber, and the fineness is 1-100 micrometers; the material is at least one of high-strength carbon fiber, aramid fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene and glass fiber; the orientation degree of the fiber web 1 obtained in the step 3 is 0-1; in step 5, the hot pressing pressure of the laminating device is 0-10MPa, and the hot pressing temperature is 0-400 ℃.
The following is the preparation of composite material by using carbon fiber and PES electrojet solution. The mass fraction of the prepared polyether sulfone/N, N-dimethylformamide (PES/DMF) high polymer solution is 5 percent. The conveying curtain 9 inputs the carded parallel-orientation carbon fibers into a first flat curtain 10; the movable dynamic and static electric spray nozzle I7 sprays PES high polymer nano balls 3 to the main body fibers 8 on the flat curtain I10 below the movable dynamic and static electric spray nozzle I in a reciprocating mode along the conveying direction of the flat curtain I10 under the action of high-voltage electrostatic force; the main body fiber 8 coated with PES high polymer nano-beads 3 is conveyed to the cross lapping output curtain 2 through a flat curtain II 6 and a net guide roller 5; the movable dynamic and static electric spraying nozzle II 4 sprays PES high polymer nano balls 3 to the main body fibers 8 on the cross lapping output curtain 2 below the movable dynamic and static electric spraying nozzle II in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction of the cross lapping output curtain 2 under the action of high-voltage electrostatic force to obtain a fiber net 1; the fiber web 1 is conveyed to the upper surface of the flat curtain I10; inputting a new batch of main fibers 8 above the fiber web 1, repeating the steps for multiple times, and outputting the layered material; the layer material is hot-pressed and formed by a laminating device under the action of 280 ℃ and 5MPa to prepare the composite material.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the electrospray composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1): carding the main body fiber (8) by a carding machine;
step 2): a movable dynamic and static electric spray nozzle I (7) sprays PES high polymer nano-beads (3) on the surface of the carded main fiber (8) in a reciprocating manner along the conveying direction of the main fiber under the action of high-voltage electrostatic force;
step 3): conveying the sprayed main fibers (8) to a cross lapping output curtain (2) for cross lapping, and spraying PES high polymer nano beads (3) on the main fibers (8) in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction of the cross lapping output curtain (2) by a movable and static electric spray nozzle II (4) under the action of high-pressure electrostatic force to obtain a fiber net (1);
step 4): after the fiber net (1) obtained in the step 3) is conveyed to the position below the carded main fiber (8), repeating the step 2) and the step 3) at least once, and outputting a layer paving material;
step 5): the layer material is hot-pressed and formed by a laminating device to prepare the composite material.
2. The electrospray composite preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that the host fibers (8) employed in step 1) are filaments or staple fibers with a fineness of 1-100 μm; the material is at least one of high-strength carbon fiber, aramid fiber, high-strength high-modulus polyethylene and glass fiber.
3. An electrospray composite preparation method according to claim 1, characterized in that said web (1) obtained in step 3) has a degree of orientation ranging from 0 to 1.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the hot pressing pressure of the laminating device in step 5) is 0-10MPa and the hot pressing temperature is 0-400 ℃.
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Citations (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203530607U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-04-09 | 山东大学 | Hot melting bonding processing system of environment-friendly multilayer fiber composite felt |
| CN104529504A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Method for preparing micron-scale porous ceramic microspheres and electronic injection solution and device |
| CN105924657A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-07 | 广东工业大学 | Preparation method of electrostatic spray nano microsphere with porous structure |
| CN107299456A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-27 | 江南大学 | A kind of composite nano-fiber membrane and its preparation method and application |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN203530607U (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2014-04-09 | 山东大学 | Hot melting bonding processing system of environment-friendly multilayer fiber composite felt |
| CN104529504A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-22 | 广州中国科学院先进技术研究所 | Method for preparing micron-scale porous ceramic microspheres and electronic injection solution and device |
| CN105924657A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-09-07 | 广东工业大学 | Preparation method of electrostatic spray nano microsphere with porous structure |
| CN107299456A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-27 | 江南大学 | A kind of composite nano-fiber membrane and its preparation method and application |
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