Phased array antenna calibration network
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antenna calibration, and particularly relates to a phased array antenna calibration network.
Background
The wave beam scanning of the phased array antenna is controlled by a computer, and the antenna wave beam almost has no inertial scanning in space, so that the phased array radar has the capability of scanning and tracking and the capability of tracking a plurality of targets in real time by using a time division technology, and is widely applied. The performance of the phased array antenna is superior to that of accurately controlling the amplitude and the phase of each radiation element feed, a calibration network in the phased array antenna is a key hardware device for accurately controlling the amplitude and the phase of the radiation element feed, and the initial amplitude and the phase of each radiation element feed channel can be obtained through the calibration network, so that the amplitude and the phase of each radiation element can be accurately set, and an ideal antenna beam is formed.
The phased array antenna calibration network is divided into an external calibration design and an internal calibration design. The calibration network for external calibration is characterized in that a radiation unit is placed in front of an antenna array surface, the amplitude and the phase of the feed of each radiation unit of the array surface are obtained through the mutual coupling of the radiation unit and each radiation unit of the antenna array surface, although the calibration network for external calibration is simple in design, the mutual coupling of the radiation unit and each radiation unit of the antenna array surface is easy to change under the influence of the environment, the positions of the radiation units are different, the difference of the coupling sizes is large, and the test precision is poor; the calibration network of internal calibration increases the coupling port through coupling circuit at every radiating element input port, and the coupling port has been connected by one minute more power divider and has been constituteed the calibration network, and the calibration network of internal calibration is high, but realizes that the circuit is complicated, and components and parts are many, and the design is complicated, is difficult to integrate the design with other modules, especially to the large-scale phased array antenna that radiating element quantity is more, and the structure is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the technical problems to be solved by the invention is how to provide a phased array antenna calibration network which has high calibration precision, few elements, small volume, simple circuit and easy integrated design.
In order to solve the above technical problem, an embodiment of the present application first provides a phased array antenna calibration network, including an upper microstrip printed board and a lower microstrip printed board that are sequentially arranged;
the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board is provided with a first microstrip transmission line, the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is provided with a second microstrip transmission line, or the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board is provided with a second microstrip transmission line, and the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is provided with a first microstrip transmission line;
the two ports of the first microstrip transmission line are respectively a first port used for being connected with the antenna radiation unit and a second port used for being connected with the transceiving component;
the two ports of the second microstrip transmission line are respectively a third port for connecting with a calibration signal device and a fourth port for connecting with an absorption load;
the first microstrip transmission line is partially adjacent to the second microstrip transmission line and the adjacent portions are arranged in the same direction to form a microstrip directional coupler.
Preferably, the number of the first microstrip transmission lines is multiple, and two ends of the multiple first microstrip transmission lines are connected with the multiple antenna radiation units and the multiple transceiving components in a one-to-one correspondence manner;
the number of the second microstrip transmission lines is one;
the second microstrip transmission lines are arranged in a serpentine shape so that the second microstrip transmission lines each have a portion adjacent to the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines and the portions adjacent to both are arranged in the same direction to form a plurality of microstrip directional couplers.
Preferably, a plurality of the first microstrip transmission lines are arranged in parallel with each other;
the second microstrip transmission line is bent in a serpentine shape so that the second microstrip transmission line is parallel to the portions of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines close to each other.
Preferably, the pitches of the first microstrip transmission lines are the same;
each part of the second microstrip transmission line, which is positioned between the two first microstrip transmission lines, is in a straight well shape, and the straight well-shaped part is close to one of the two first microstrip transmission lines.
Preferably, the lengths of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines are all equal to the width of the upper layer microstrip printed board; the length of the straight well-shaped part of the second microstrip transmission line is smaller than that of the first microstrip transmission line.
Preferably, a port of the first microstrip transmission line near the third port of the second microstrip transmission line is the second port.
Preferably, the third port and the fourth port are disposed on an upper surface of the upper microstrip printed board.
Preferably, when the second microstrip transmission line is disposed on the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board, the third port and the fourth port of the second microstrip transmission line are disposed on the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board through the metalized via hole disposed on the upper layer microstrip printed board.
Preferably, the upper microstrip printed board and the lower microstrip printed board are two printed boards which are independently processed respectively or a double-layer printed board which is integrally processed.
Preferably, the first microstrip transmission line has a length greater than one quarter of the operating wavelength of the phased array antenna; the width of the first microstrip transmission line is determined by the characteristic impedance of a phased array antenna system, the total thickness of the upper layer microstrip printed board and the lower layer microstrip printed board, the dielectric constant of the upper layer microstrip printed board and the dielectric constant of the lower layer microstrip printed board; the width of the second microstrip transmission line is determined by the characteristic impedance of the phased array antenna system, the total thickness of the lower microstrip printed board and the dielectric constant of the lower microstrip printed board.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the phased array antenna calibration network is characterized in that a microstrip directional coupler is formed by a first microstrip transmission line and a second microstrip transmission line, the microstrip directional coupler is matched with an antenna radiation unit, a receiving and transmitting assembly, calibration signal equipment and an absorption load, calibration can be achieved, the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line are enabled to have proper coupling coefficients by adjusting the distance between the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line, the coupling coefficients are not interfered by other factors, and calibration accuracy can be guaranteed.
The phased array antenna calibration network is realized by a microstrip transmission line, has few components, small volume and simple and reliable structure, and is suitable for integrated design.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technology or prior art of the present application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings expressing the embodiments of the present application are used for explaining the technical solutions of the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the technical solutions of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a phased array antenna calibration network according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. The embodiments and the features of the embodiments can be combined without conflict, and the technical solutions formed are all within the scope of the present invention.
A phased array antenna calibration network comprises an upper layer microstrip printed board and a lower layer microstrip printed board which are arranged in sequence; the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board is provided with a first microstrip transmission line, the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is provided with a second microstrip transmission line, or the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board is provided with a second microstrip transmission line, and the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is provided with a first microstrip transmission line; the two ports of the first microstrip transmission line are respectively a first port used for being connected with the antenna radiation unit and a second port used for being connected with the transceiving component, and the two ports of the first microstrip transmission line are respectively connected with the antenna radiation unit and the transceiving component; the two ports of the second microstrip transmission line are respectively a third port for connecting with the calibration signal equipment and a fourth port for connecting with the absorption load, and two interfaces of the second microstrip transmission line are respectively connected with the calibration signal equipment and the absorption load; the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line are partially close to each other, the close parts of the first microstrip transmission line and the second microstrip transmission line are arranged in the same direction to form a microstrip directional coupler, and calibration can be realized by matching the microstrip directional coupler with the antenna radiation unit, the transceiving component, the calibration signal device and the absorption load.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a phased array antenna calibration network according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an upper microstrip printed board 1 and a lower microstrip printed board (not shown in the figure) that are sequentially disposed; the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board 1 is provided with a first microstrip transmission line 2, the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board 1 or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is provided with a second microstrip transmission line 3, or the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board 1 is provided with the second microstrip transmission line 3, the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board 1 or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is provided with the first microstrip transmission line 2, and the lower surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board is not provided with a circuit; two ports of the first microstrip transmission line 2 are respectively a first port for connecting with an antenna radiation unit (not shown in the figure) and a second port for connecting with a transceiving component (not shown in the figure); two ports of the second microstrip transmission line 3 are respectively a third port for connecting with the calibration signal device 4 and a fourth port for connecting with the absorption load 5, wherein the third port is used as a calibration port, and the fourth port is connected with the absorption load and is used for absorbing redundant calibration signals; the first microstrip transmission line 2 and the second microstrip transmission line 3 are partially close to each other, the portions close to each other are arranged in the same direction to form a microstrip directional coupler 6, the formed microstrip directional coupler 6 is in load fit with the antenna radiation unit, the transceiving component, the calibration signal device 4 and the absorption load 5 to realize calibration, and a proper coupling coefficient can be obtained between the third port and the second port by adjusting the distance between the first microstrip transmission line 2 and the second microstrip transmission line 3 (the distance between the projections of the first microstrip transmission line 2 and the second microstrip transmission line 3 on the board surface of the printed board), the coupling coefficient is not interfered by other factors, and the calibration accuracy can be ensured.
The phased array antenna calibration network is realized by a microstrip transmission line, has few components, small volume and simple and reliable structure, and is suitable for integrated design.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the number of the first microstrip transmission lines 2 is multiple, and two ends of the multiple first microstrip transmission lines 2 are connected to the multiple antenna radiation units and the multiple transceiver modules in a one-to-one correspondence; the second microstrip transmission line 3 is one; the second microstrip transmission lines 3 are arranged in a serpentine shape such that the second microstrip transmission lines 3 each have a portion adjacent to the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2 and the portions adjacent to both are arranged in the same direction to form a plurality of microstrip directional couplers. The second microstrip transmission line 3 and each first microstrip transmission line 2 are provided with parts which are close to and in the same direction, so that a plurality of microstrip directional couplers 6 are formed, the plurality of microstrip directional couplers 6 are connected in series end to end through the second microstrip transmission line 3, a calibration network with the plurality of microstrip directional couplers 6 is formed, and the phased array antenna calibration network with the plurality of microstrip directional couplers 6 is called a multi-path phased array antenna calibration network. A schematic diagram of a 17-way phased array antenna calibration network is shown in fig. 1. By adjusting the distance between the second microstrip transmission line 3 and the portions of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 1 which are close to and in the same direction (the distance between the first microstrip transmission line 2 and the projection of the second microstrip transmission line 3 on the board surface of the printed board), a proper coupling coefficient can be realized between the third port and the second ports of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2, the coupling coefficient is not interfered by other factors, and the calibration accuracy can be ensured. The phased array antenna calibration network of the embodiment is particularly suitable for the requirements of high-precision and integrated design of a large phased array antenna calibration network with a large number of radiating elements.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, a plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2 are disposed parallel to each other; the second microstrip transmission line 3 is bent in a serpentine shape so that the second microstrip transmission line 3 is parallel to the portions of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2 close to each other, and the second microstrip transmission line 3 and the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2 form a plurality of parallel microstrip directional couplers 6.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, pitches of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2 are the same; each part of the second microstrip transmission line 3, which is located between the two first microstrip transmission lines 2, is in a straight well shape, and the straight well-shaped part is close to one of the two first microstrip transmission lines 2, wherein each part of the second microstrip transmission line 3, which is located between the two first microstrip transmission lines 2, represents each part of the projection of the second microstrip transmission line 3 on the board surface of the printed board, which is located between the projections of the two first microstrip transmission lines 2 on the board surface of the printed board. According to practical circumstances, the plurality of straight well-shaped portions may be set to be equal in distance from the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2. The second microstrip transmission line 3 includes a connection portion connecting a plurality of straight well-shaped portions, each of the plurality of connection portions being perpendicular to the first microstrip transmission line 2. The second microstrip transmission line 3 is respectively arranged in the same direction with the plurality of independent first microstrip transmission lines 2 in a close range by bending, so that each independent first microstrip transmission line 2 and each independent second microstrip transmission line 3 form a microstrip directional coupler 6, and the plurality of microstrip directional couplers 6 are sequentially connected in series end to end through the second microstrip transmission lines 3 to form a calibration network.
In one embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the lengths of the plurality of first microstrip transmission lines 2 are all equal to the width of the upper microstrip printed board 1; the length of the straight well-shaped part of the second microstrip transmission line 3 is smaller than that of the first microstrip transmission line 2, and the straight well-shaped part of the second microstrip transmission line 3 is close to the middle position of the first microstrip transmission line 3.
In the above embodiment, a port of the first microstrip transmission line 2 near the third port of the second microstrip transmission line 3 is a second port, the second port is used for connecting a transceiver component, and another port of the first microstrip transmission line 2 is connected to an antenna radiation unit.
In one embodiment, the third port and the fourth port are disposed on the upper surface of the upper microstrip printed board 1 for convenience in designing and installing the phased array antenna calibration network.
Further, when the second microstrip transmission line 3 is disposed on the lower surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board 1 or the upper surface of the lower layer microstrip printed board, the third port and the fourth port of the second microstrip transmission line 3 are disposed on the upper surface of the upper layer microstrip printed board 1 through the metalized via holes disposed on the upper layer microstrip printed board 1.
In the above embodiment, the upper microstrip printed board 1 and the lower microstrip printed board are two printed boards that are separately processed or a double-layer printed board that is integrally processed.
In the above described embodiment, the length of the first microstrip transmission line 2 is greater than one quarter of the operating wavelength of the phased array antenna; the width of the first microstrip transmission line 2 is determined by the characteristic impedance of the phased array antenna system, the total thickness of the upper microstrip printed board 1 and the lower microstrip printed board, the dielectric constant of the upper microstrip printed board 1 and the dielectric constant of the lower microstrip printed board; the width of the second microstrip transmission line 3 is determined by the characteristic impedance of the phased array antenna system, the total thickness of the lower microstrip printed board, and the dielectric constant of the lower microstrip printed board. The power capacity of the absorbing load 5 is determined by the power of the calibration signal and the power coupled to each of the calibration network paths.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.