CN110718748A - Metamaterial unit for encoding metamaterial antenna - Google Patents
Metamaterial unit for encoding metamaterial antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110718748A CN110718748A CN201911003979.7A CN201911003979A CN110718748A CN 110718748 A CN110718748 A CN 110718748A CN 201911003979 A CN201911003979 A CN 201911003979A CN 110718748 A CN110718748 A CN 110718748A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P3/00—Waveguides; Transmission lines of the waveguide type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
- H01P7/00—Resonators of the waveguide type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a metamaterial unit for a coding metamaterial antenna, which comprises a resonance unit, a back cavity and a transmission line structure, wherein the resonance unit is provided with a cavity; the resonance unit comprises a resonance substrate, wherein a clearance groove which penetrates through the middle part of the resonance substrate and is internally provided with a sheet conductor is formed in the resonance substrate, a connecting gap is formed between the sheet conductor and the resonance substrate, and two diodes are arranged in the connecting gap; the back cavity comprises a back cavity substrate, a through rectangular groove is formed in the middle of the back cavity substrate, and metal films are attached to four inner walls of the rectangular groove respectively; the transmission line structure comprises a waveguide substrate, and a waveguide gap is formed in the middle of a metal layer. The guided wave enters from the waveguide gap of the transmission line structure, realizes indirect feed to the resonance unit through the coupling effect of the back cavity, directly isolates the current path of the transmission line structure and the resonance unit, further inhibits the current flowing through the diode and reduces the ohmic loss when the diode is conducted, thereby improving the overall performance of the metamaterial unit for encoding the metamaterial antenna.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metamaterials, and particularly relates to a metamaterial unit for a coded metamaterial antenna.
Background
The metamaterial technology is a leading-edge cross science and technology, and relates to the technical fields of electromagnetism, microwaves, terahertz, photons, advanced engineering design systems, communication, semiconductors and the like. Compared with a phased array antenna of a phase-shifting network, the metamaterial antenna using the metamaterial unit greatly reduces the complexity, volume weight and cost of a system, and has important application value. Because the radiation performance of the metamaterial unit is directly determined by the radiation performance of the metamaterial unit, the research on the metamaterial unit with excellent performance has great significance for better research on the metamaterial antenna.
The structure of the metamaterial unit for encoding the metamaterial antenna at present is as follows: rectangular CELC resonant units with PIN diodes are directly built on the surface of the upper conductor of the transmission line structure, and guided waves can be dynamically radiated to form beams through the CELC resonant units. However, since a strong current exists on the upper conductor surface of the transmission line, if the cell is directly constructed on the upper conductor surface, when the diode is turned on, a large current directly flows through the parasitic resistance of the diode, which causes a high ohmic loss, resulting in a low efficiency of the antenna as a whole.
Smith, dr in 2016, proposed an improved elliptical-structured CELC resonator unit that reduces ohmic losses to some extent. Compared with the traditional rectangular CELC resonant unit, the elliptical structure widens the metal circuit loop, so that the resistance of the metal part through which current flows is obviously reduced. The design reduces ohmic losses of the metal part, but does not solve ohmic losses brought by the diode when conducting.
Therefore, there is a need to design a new metamaterial unit based on the above, which further solves the problem of ohmic loss caused by diode conduction.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel metamaterial unit, and solves the problems of high loss and low efficiency of a traditional metamaterial unit for a coding metamaterial antenna.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a metamaterial unit for a coding metamaterial antenna comprises a resonant unit, a back cavity and a transmission line structure which are sequentially overlapped from top to bottom and are in a plate-shaped structure, wherein,
the resonance unit comprises a resonance substrate, wherein a clearance groove penetrating through the thickness direction is formed in the middle of the resonance substrate, a sheet conductor is arranged in the clearance groove, a connecting gap is formed between the sheet conductor and the resonance substrate, two diodes are symmetrically arranged at two ends of a short shaft of the clearance groove in the connecting gap, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each diode are respectively and electrically connected with the sheet conductor and the resonance substrate;
the back cavity comprises a back cavity substrate, a rectangular groove penetrating through the thickness direction is formed in the middle of the back cavity substrate, metal films are attached to four inner walls of the rectangular groove respectively, the four metal films surround to form a metal cavity, one end, close to the resonance unit, of the metal cavity abuts against the resonance substrate, and one end, far away from the resonance unit, of the metal cavity abuts against the transmission line structure;
the transmission line structure comprises a waveguide substrate formed by fixedly attaching a dielectric layer and a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is abutted against the back cavity, and the middle part of the metal layer is provided with a waveguide gap for passing through guided waves generated by a microwave source;
the geometric centers of the clearance grooves, the geometric centers of the rectangular grooves and the geometric centers of the waveguide gaps are overlapped.
Furthermore, the sheet conductor comprises a metal sheet, the metal sheet is of an oval structure with two grooves at two ends of a long axis, the distance d _ gap between the end point of the short axis of the metal sheet and the end point of the short axis of the clearance groove is 0.15mm-0.47mm, and the distance d _ cut between the point of the groove closest to the center of the metal sheet and the end point of the long axis of the clearance groove is 0.7mm-1 mm.
Furthermore, the metal layer is attached to one surface of the dielectric layer close to the back cavity or two surfaces of the dielectric layer, and the geometric center of the metal layer is coincident with that of the dielectric layer.
Further, the resonant unit, the back cavity and the transmission line structure are parallel to each other.
Further, the distance of the long axis of the clearance groove is 2r24mm-5.6mm, short axis distance 2r1Is 3.2mm-4.8 mm.
Furthermore, the back cavity substrate is a plate with uniform thickness and made of an RT6035HTC substrate material, and the dielectric layer is a plate with uniform thickness and made of any one or more of PCB, FR4 or Teflon.
Furthermore, the resonance substrate, the metal film and the metal layer are made of copper or silver.
Further, the resonance unit is a CELC resonance unit.
Furthermore, the waveguide slot is of a rectangular structure, the long side of the waveguide slot is parallel to the long axis of the clearance groove, and the short side of the waveguide slot is parallel to the short axis of the clearance groove.
The invention also provides an equivalent circuit for the feed structure of the coding metamaterial antenna, which comprises a resistor, an inductor and the metamaterial unit for the coding metamaterial antenna, wherein the metamaterial unit is used for coding the metamaterial antenna; the resistor, the metamaterial unit for encoding the metamaterial antenna and the inductor are sequentially connected in series, and when the diode is disconnected, the equivalent circuit is formed by connecting the resistor, the inductor and a group of capacitors in series; when the diode is conducted, the equivalent circuit is formed by connecting a resistor and an inductor in series.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
according to the metamaterial unit for the coding metamaterial antenna, the original resonance characteristic of the metamaterial unit is guaranteed, meanwhile, guided waves enter from the waveguide gap of the transmission line structure, indirect feeding to the resonance unit is achieved through the coupling effect of the back cavity, the current path of the transmission line structure and the current path of the resonance unit are directly isolated, current flowing through the diode is further restrained, ohmic loss when the diode is conducted is reduced, the total radiation efficiency of the metamaterial antenna is obviously improved, and therefore the overall performance of the metamaterial unit for the coding metamaterial antenna is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is an overall view of a metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the component structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a resonant cell;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a back cavity;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a waveguide slot configuration;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit for an encoded metamaterial antenna feed structure;
FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit for an encoded metamaterial antenna feed structure;
FIG. 8 is a graph of various loss and radiated power results for a conventional feed structure in the off state;
FIG. 9 is a graph of various loss and radiated power results for the feed structure of the present invention in the off state;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a simulation of the current flowing through the diode of the present invention;
1. a resonance unit; 2. a back cavity; 3. a transmission line structure; 4. a resistance; 5. an inductance; 11. a resonance substrate; 12. an empty avoiding groove; 13. a sheet conductor; 14. connecting the gaps; 15. a diode; 21. a back cavity substrate; 22. a rectangular groove; 23. a metal film; 31. a waveguide substrate; 32. a waveguide slot.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that all the directional indicators (such as up, down, left, right, front, and rear … …) in the embodiment of the present invention are only used to explain the relative position relationship between the components, the movement situation, etc. in a specific posture (as shown in the drawing), and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indicator is changed accordingly.
In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are only for descriptive purposes and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means at least two, e.g., two, three, etc., unless specifically limited otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; the connection can be mechanical connection, electrical connection, physical connection or wireless communication connection; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be connected internally or in any other suitable relationship, unless expressly stated otherwise. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination of technical solutions should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
1-2 and 6, the metamaterial unit for encoding metamaterial antenna comprises a resonance unit 1, a back cavity 2 and a transmission line structure 3 which are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, for convenience of installation, the resonance unit 1, the back cavity 2 and the transmission line structure 3 are designed to be parallel to each other and all present a plate-shaped structure, wherein:
as shown in fig. 3, the resonant unit 1 includes a resonant substrate 11, a clearance groove 12 penetrating through the thickness direction is formed in the middle of the resonant substrate 11, a sheet conductor 13 is disposed in the clearance groove 12, a connection gap 14 is formed between the sheet conductor 13 and the resonant substrate 11, two diodes 15 are symmetrically disposed at two ends of a short axis of the clearance groove 12 in the connection gap 14, and positive and negative electrodes of the diodes 15 are respectively electrically connected to the sheet conductor 13 and the resonant substrate 11, in this embodiment, the clearance groove 12 is an elliptical groove; further, the resonance unit 1 is a CELC resonance unit; the CELC resonance unit structure principle of the embodiment refers to a CELC resonance unit with an improved elliptical structure proposed by american scientist dr.smith, and compared with a traditional rectangular CELC resonance unit, the elliptical structure widens a metal circuit loop, so that the resistance of a metal part through which current flows is obviously reduced;
the back cavity 2 shown in fig. 4 includes a back cavity substrate 21, the middle of the back cavity substrate 21 is provided with a rectangular groove 22 penetrating through the thickness direction, four inner walls of the rectangular groove 22 are respectively attached with metal films 23, the four metal films 23 enclose to form a metal cavity, the length of the metal cavity along the thickness direction of the back cavity substrate 21 is greater than the thickness of the back cavity substrate 21, and extends out to both sides for a certain distance, one end close to the resonance unit 1 abuts against the resonance substrate 11, and one end far away from the resonance unit 1 abuts against the transmission line structure 3, so as to form a space for coupling guided waves;
a transmission line structure 3 shown in fig. 5 is a basic structure in a microwave circuit, and includes a waveguide substrate 31 formed by fixedly attaching a dielectric layer and a metal layer, where the metal layer is attached to one surface of the dielectric layer close to the back cavity 2 or both surfaces of the dielectric layer, and can be connected by gluing or bolt fixing, for convenience of installation, the geometric center of the metal layer coincides with the geometric center of the dielectric layer, and a waveguide gap 32 is formed in the middle of the metal layer for transmitting guided waves generated by a microwave source from the dielectric layer to the back cavity 2 and the resonant unit 1 through the waveguide gap, thereby completing indirect feeding;
in order to ensure smooth feeding and structural integrity, the geometric centers of the clearance grooves 12, the rectangular grooves 22 and the waveguide slots 32 coincide.
More specifically, the sheet conductor 13 includes a metal sheet, the metal sheet is an oval structure having two grooves at two ends of a long axis, a distance d _ gap between a short axis end point of the metal sheet and a short axis end point of the clearance groove 12 is 0.15mm to 0.47mm, a distance d _ cut between a point of the groove closest to the center of the metal sheet and a long axis end point of the clearance groove 12 is 0.7mm to 1mm, and a distance 2r between a long axis of the clearance groove 12 and a short axis end point of the clearance groove 12 is24mm-5.6mm, short axis distance 2r1Is 3.2mm-4.8 mm.
Preferably, the back cavity substrate 21 is a plate made of RT6035HTC substrate material and having a uniform thickness, and has the characteristics of high thermal conductivity and low loss, and the dielectric layer is a plate made of any one or more of PCB, FR4 and teflon by mixing and having a uniform thickness, and is used for maintaining the insulation between the layers.
Preferably, the materials of the resonant substrate 11, the metal film 23 and the metal layer are copper or silver, and more preferably, copper, so that the cost is reduced on the premise of ensuring high conductivity.
Preferably, the waveguide slot 32 has a rectangular structure, in this embodiment, the size of the waveguide slot 32 is 5.5mm × 1.7mm, the long side of the waveguide slot is parallel to the long axis of the empty-avoiding slot 12, and the short side of the waveguide slot is parallel to the short axis of the empty-avoiding slot 12, so that the waveguide slot 32 and the resonant unit 1 are polarized in the same direction, and better power feeding is achieved.
To further illustrate the performance and effect of the embodiment, the energy loss, the radiation power and the current flowing through the diode of the metamaterial antenna are simulated:
fig. 8 is a graph showing the results of various losses and radiated power of the conventional metamaterial unit in the off state of the resonant unit, and it can be seen from the graph that: with the continuous increase of frequency, the dielectric loss, the metal loss and the radiation are all in low level, but the loss of the diode is correspondingly increased;
as shown in fig. 9, which is a graph showing the results of various losses and radiation powers of the metamaterial unit of this embodiment in the off state of the resonant unit, it can be seen from the graph that as the frequency is continuously increased, the dielectric loss, the metal loss, the radiation and the diode are all at a low level;
therefore, the metamaterial unit of the embodiment can obviously inhibit ohmic loss brought by the diode in the off state of the resonant unit.
As shown in fig. 10, which is a graph of simulation results of current flowing through a diode in the on state of the resonant cell of the conventional meta-material cell and the meta-material cell of the present embodiment, it can be seen from the graph that: when the diode is turned on, the current of the diode in the conventional metamaterial unit is about 0.16A, and the current of the diode in the metamaterial unit of the embodiment is about 0.01A, so that the metamaterial unit of the embodiment can reduce ohmic resistance, the current passing through the diode is extremely small, low ohmic loss is ensured, and the high efficiency of the metamaterial antenna is maintained.
Through simulation analysis, the ohmic loss of the novel metamaterial unit can be reduced to 1/25 of the traditional metamaterial unit. Because the shape of the metamaterial unit is not changed, a novel feed structure is provided, and the metamaterial unit is also applicable to other metamaterial structures, so that the metamaterial unit has a wide application prospect.
The specific use process of the metamaterial unit for the encoding metamaterial antenna described in this embodiment is as follows: an intermediate layer, namely a back cavity 2, is additionally arranged between the improved elliptical-structure CELC resonant unit and the transmission line structure 3 to separate a metal layer on the transmission line structure 3 from the resonant unit 1, so that a current path between the transmission line structure 3 and the waveguide gap 32 is directly isolated, the current flowing through the diode 15 is restrained, and the energy loss when the diode 15 is conducted is reduced.
The direct-current bias voltage is loaded between the center of the CELC unit and the metal structures on the periphery of the CELC unit, so that the on-off states of the diode can be controlled, and the reconfigurable function of the embodiment is realized.
Example two
An equivalent circuit for a feed structure of an encoding metamaterial antenna shown in fig. 6 to 7 comprises a resistor 4, an inductor 5 and a metamaterial unit for an encoding metamaterial antenna according to the first embodiment; the resistor 4, the metamaterial unit for encoding the metamaterial antenna and the inductor 5 are sequentially connected in series, when the diode 15 is disconnected, the equivalent circuit is formed by connecting the resistor 4, the inductor 5 and a group of capacitors in series, and the group of capacitors are formed by connecting the sheet conductor 13, the connecting gap 14 and the diode 15 in parallel; when the diode 15 is turned on, the equivalent circuit is formed by connecting the resistor 4 and the inductor 5 in series.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna, comprising: comprises a resonance unit (1), a back cavity (2) and a transmission line structure (3) which are sequentially superposed from top to bottom and are in a plate-shaped structure, wherein,
the resonant unit (1) comprises a resonant substrate (11), wherein a clearance groove (12) penetrating through the thickness direction is formed in the middle of the resonant substrate (11), a sheet conductor (13) is arranged in the clearance groove (12), a connecting gap (14) is formed between the sheet conductor (13) and the resonant substrate (11), and two diodes (15) are symmetrically arranged at two ends of a short shaft of the clearance groove (12) in the connecting gap (14);
the back cavity (2) comprises a back cavity substrate (21), a rectangular groove (22) penetrating through the thickness direction is formed in the middle of the back cavity substrate (21), metal films (23) are respectively attached to four inner walls of the rectangular groove (22), the four metal films (23) are enclosed to form a metal cavity, one end, close to the resonance unit (1), of the metal cavity abuts against the resonance substrate (11), and one end, far away from the resonance unit (1), of the metal cavity abuts against the transmission line structure (3);
the transmission line structure (3) comprises a waveguide substrate (31) formed by fixedly attaching a dielectric layer and a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is abutted against the back cavity (2), and a waveguide gap (32) is formed in the middle of the metal layer and used for passing through guided waves generated by a microwave source;
the geometric centers of the clearance grooves (12), the rectangular grooves (22) and the waveguide gaps (32) are coincident.
2. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the sheet conductor (13) comprises a metal sheet, the metal sheet is of an oval structure, two ends of a long axis of the metal sheet are respectively provided with a groove, the distance d _ gap between the end point of the short axis of the metal sheet and the end point of the short axis of the clearance groove (12) is 0.15mm-0.47mm, and the distance d _ cut between the point of the groove closest to the center of the metal sheet and the end point of the long axis of the clearance groove (12) is 0.7mm-1 mm.
3. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the metal layer is attached to one surface of the dielectric layer close to the back cavity (2) or two surfaces of the dielectric layer, and the geometric center of the metal layer is coincident with that of the dielectric layer.
4. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the resonance unit (1), the back cavity (2) and the transmission line structure (3) are parallel to each other.
5. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the clearance groove (12) is an elliptical groove with a long axle distanceFrom 2r24mm-5.6mm, short axis distance 2r1Is 3.2mm-4.8 mm.
6. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein: back of body chamber base plate (21) is the even panel of thickness that adopts RT6035HTC base plate material preparation to form, the even panel of thickness that the dielectric layer is formed for adopting arbitrary one or more material mixture preparation of PCB, FR4 or teflon.
7. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the resonance substrate (11), the metal film (23) and the metal layer are made of copper or silver.
8. The metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the resonance unit (1) is a CELC resonance unit.
9. A metamaterial unit for encoding a metamaterial antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the waveguide slot (32) is of a rectangular structure, the long side of the waveguide slot is parallel to the long axis of the clearance groove (12), and the short side of the waveguide slot is parallel to the short axis of the clearance groove (12).
10. An equivalent circuit for a feed structure of an encoded metamaterial antenna, characterized by: the metamaterial unit for the encoding metamaterial antenna comprises a resistor (4), an inductor (5) and the metamaterial unit for the encoding metamaterial antenna as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the resistor (4), the metamaterial unit for the encoding metamaterial antenna and the inductor (5) are connected in series in sequence.
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| CN112993578B (en) * | 2021-01-19 | 2022-04-26 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Polarization coding phased array amplitude limiting antenna |
| CN113328242A (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2021-08-31 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | High-preparation-performance hexagram-shaped element metamaterial coating type microstrip antenna and design method thereof |
| CN113328242B (en) * | 2021-06-08 | 2024-02-02 | 湖北汽车工业学院 | High-preparation-property eight-diagram-type element metamaterial cladding microstrip antenna and design method thereof |
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