CN110714149A - Electric vehicle hub and machining method thereof - Google Patents

Electric vehicle hub and machining method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110714149A
CN110714149A CN201911112108.9A CN201911112108A CN110714149A CN 110714149 A CN110714149 A CN 110714149A CN 201911112108 A CN201911112108 A CN 201911112108A CN 110714149 A CN110714149 A CN 110714149A
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percent
electric vehicle
stage
hub
time
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CN201911112108.9A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴肖肖
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Taizhou Ouben Auto Parts Co Ltd
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Taizhou Ouben Auto Parts Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911112108.9A priority Critical patent/CN110714149A/en
Publication of CN110714149A publication Critical patent/CN110714149A/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/06Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • C22C21/08Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B1/00Spoked wheels; Spokes thereof
    • B60B1/003Spoked wheels; Spokes thereof specially adapted for bicycles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B21/00Rims
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B27/00Hubs
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/002Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/047Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22FCHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/053Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with zinc as the next major constituent
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/20Shaping
    • B60B2310/202Shaping by casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/50Thermal treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60BVEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B2310/00Manufacturing methods
    • B60B2310/60Surface treatment; After treatment
    • B60B2310/616Coating with thin films

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric vehicle hub and a processing method thereof, aiming at providing a processing method of an electric vehicle hub which has simple processing technology, stronger integral structural strength and hardness of the formed electric vehicle hub and a hard film coating technology, and the technical scheme is characterized in that (1) materials are selected: the selected alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.4 to 10 percent of Mg2.3 to 3.3 percent of Zn0.12 to 1 percent of Mn0.05 to 0.5 percent of Si0.004 percent of Fe, less than 0.35 percent of Cu, less than 0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of Al; (2) smelting an aluminum alloy; (3) preparing a blank; (4) heat treatment; (5) hard coating; (6) molding: the method is suitable for the technical field of electric vehicle accessories.

Description

Electric vehicle hub and machining method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicle accessories, in particular to an electric vehicle hub and a processing method thereof.
Background
Electric vehicles do not account for a high share of the national economy. But it accords with the national energy-saving and environment-friendly trend, greatly facilitates short-distance traffic, and plays an important role in national economy mainly through saving and protecting energy and environment.
At present, the aluminum alloy used for the front wheel hub and the rear wheel hub of the electric vehicle is A365(ASTMB79-96 standard), and is equivalent to the GB/T1173-1995A101 alloy in the national standard of China.
At present, the processing method of the electric vehicle hub on the market usually adopts the T6 standard or the cast state for heat treatment processing, but the formed electric vehicle hub can cause scratches or damages to the electric vehicle hub during the transportation or the subsequent installation processing.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the processing method of the electric vehicle hub, which has the advantages of simple processing technology, strong integral structural strength and hardness of the formed electric vehicle hub and hard film coating technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a processing method of an electric vehicle hub comprises the following steps: (1) selecting materials: the selected alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.4 to 10 percent of Mg2.3 to 3.3 percent of Zn0.12 to 1 percent of Mn0.05 to 0.5 percent of Si0.004 percent of Fe, less than 0.35 percent of Cu, less than 0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of Al;
(2) aluminum alloy smelting: melting and melting the aluminum material to 700-730 ℃, refining the aluminum alloy through GBF treatment, degassing, deslagging, standing for 10min, transferring the refined and degassed aluminum liquid into a protective furnace of a low-pressure die casting machine, and controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be cast to be 650-680 ℃;
(3) blank preparation: according to the pouring quality and the volume and the weight of a casting, the method comprises the following steps: controlling the time of each stage and the pressure in a cavity in five stages, namely a liquid lifting stage I, a mold filling stage II, a pressure maintaining stage III, a pressure relief stage IV and a cooling stage V;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: the method comprises two parts of solution treatment and artificial aging, and comprises the following steps: the solid solution temperature is between 500 and 550 ℃, the solid solution time is between 4 and 8 hours, the quenching temperature is between 60 and 85 ℃, the quenching time is between 2 and 3min, and the quenching transfer time is between 20 and 25 s; secondly, carrying out artificial aging treatment: the heating temperature is between 130 and 190 ℃, and the heat preservation time is between 3 and 6 hours;
(5) hard coating: subjecting the workpiece obtained in the step (4) to a surface roughening step of adjusting the surface of a base material made of a metal by shot blasting so that the average roughness Ra is more than 1 μm and not more than 2 μm, and then subjecting the workpiece to a polishing step of adjusting the surface of the base material by polishing so that the average roughness Ra is not less than 0.3 μm and not more than 2 μm and the skewness Rsk is not more than 0, and a film forming step of forming a hard coating film on the surface of the workpiece;
(6) molding: checking, selecting qualified products, and packaging.
The invention is further configured to: the hard coating is any one of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, AlCrN and DLC.
The invention is further configured to: the film thickness of the hard coating is 5-12 μm.
The invention is further configured to: in the blank manufacturing step (3), the time of a liquid lifting stage is controlled to be between 6s and 8s, the pressure in a cavity is controlled to be between 10kPa and 15kPa, the time of a filling stage is controlled to be between 38s and 45s, the time of a pressure maintaining stage is controlled to be between 320s and 400s, the pressure in the cavity is controlled to be between 30kPa and 35kPa in the filling stage and the pressure maintaining stage, the time of a pressure releasing stage is controlled to be within 6s, and the time of a cooling stage is controlled to be between 250s and 300 s.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (2), grain refining elements of strontium, titanium and boron are added into the smelting furnace for grain refining treatment, and then stirring is carried out.
The invention is further configured to: the content ratio of strontium, titanium and boron is 1:1:1, and the content of strontium, titanium and boron is 0.3-0.4%.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, beneficial effect: 1. the material is adopted, grain refining elements of strontium, titanium and boron are added for carrying out grain refining treatment, then stirring is carried out, the content ratio of strontium, titanium and boron is 1:1:1, the content of strontium, titanium and boron is 0.3-0.4%, and after the grain refining treatment is carried out on the strontium, titanium and boron, the strength and hardness of the alloy liquid after forming are high, the structural strength is high, and the integrity effect is good;
2. according to the invention, through methods of degassing, deslagging and the like, the quality after casting molding is improved, the molding effect is ensured, meanwhile, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the integral quality is further improved, the practicability is high, and the structure is simple;
3. through the hard film coating, the protection of the formed electric vehicle wheel hub is improved, a good scratch-resistant effect is ensured, and the practicability is strong;
4. the electric vehicle hub formed by the invention has the hardness of 80-100HB, the tensile strength of 200-220MPa and the elongation of 4-5%.
The electric vehicle hub manufactured according to the processing method comprises an outer hub ring (1) and an inner hub ring (2) which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of spokes (3) arranged between the outer hub ring (1) and the inner hub ring (2), wherein hard coatings are respectively arranged on the outer hub ring (1) and the inner hub ring (2).
The invention is further configured to: the film thickness of the hard coating is 5-12 μm.
Through above-mentioned structure setting, beneficial effect: 1. through the stereoplasm tectorial membrane of going on, improved the protection to electric motor car wheel hub shaping back, ensured good resistant scraping effect, the practicality is strong.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of an embodiment of an electric vehicle hub and a processing method thereof.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an electric vehicle hub according to an embodiment of the electric vehicle hub and a processing method thereof.
Reference numeral 1 in the figure, an outer hub ring; 2. an inner hub ring; 3. a spoke.
Detailed Description
An embodiment of an electric vehicle hub and a processing method thereof according to the present invention will be further described with reference to fig. 1 to 2.
A processing method of an electric vehicle hub comprises the following steps: (1) selecting materials: the selected alloy condition is T6, and the components in percentage by weight are as follows: 2.4 to 10 percent of Mg2.3 to 3.3 percent of Zn0.12 to 1 percent of Mn0.05 to 0.5 percent of Si0.004 percent of Fe, less than 0.35 percent of Cu, less than 0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of Al;
(2) aluminum alloy smelting: melting and melting the aluminum material to 700-730 ℃, refining the aluminum alloy through GBF treatment, degassing, deslagging, standing for 10min, transferring the refined and degassed aluminum liquid into a protective furnace of a low-pressure die casting machine, and controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be cast to be 650-680 ℃;
(3) blank preparation: according to the pouring quality and the volume and the weight of a casting, the method comprises the following steps: controlling the time of each stage and the pressure in a cavity in five stages, namely a liquid lifting stage I, a mold filling stage II, a pressure maintaining stage III, a pressure relief stage IV and a cooling stage V;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: the method comprises two parts of solution treatment and artificial aging, and comprises the following steps: the solid solution temperature is between 500 and 550 ℃, the solid solution time is between 4 and 8 hours, the quenching temperature is between 60 and 85 ℃, the quenching time is between 2 and 3min, and the quenching transfer time is between 20 and 25 s; secondly, carrying out artificial aging treatment: the heating temperature is between 130 and 190 ℃, and the heat preservation time is between 3 and 6 hours;
(5) hard coating: subjecting the workpiece obtained in the step (4) to a surface roughening step of adjusting the surface of a base material made of a metal by shot blasting so that the average roughness Ra is more than 1 μm and not more than 2 μm, and then subjecting the workpiece to a polishing step of adjusting the surface of the base material by polishing so that the average roughness Ra is not less than 0.3 μm and not more than 2 μm and the skewness Rsk is not more than 0, and a film forming step of forming a hard coating film on the surface of the workpiece;
(6) molding: checking, selecting qualified products, and packaging.
The invention is further configured to: the hard coating is any one of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, AlCrN and DLC.
The invention is further configured to: the film thickness of the hard coating is 5-12 μm.
The invention is further configured to: in the blank manufacturing step (3), the time of a liquid lifting stage is controlled to be between 6s and 8s, the pressure in a cavity is controlled to be between 10kPa and 15kPa, the time of a filling stage is controlled to be between 38s and 45s, the time of a pressure maintaining stage is controlled to be between 320s and 400s, the pressure in the cavity is controlled to be between 30kPa and 35kPa in the filling stage and the pressure maintaining stage, the time of a pressure releasing stage is controlled to be within 6s, and the time of a cooling stage is controlled to be between 250s and 300 s.
The invention is further configured to: in the step (2), grain refining elements of strontium, titanium and boron are added into the smelting furnace for grain refining treatment, and then stirring is carried out.
The invention is further configured to: the content ratio of strontium, titanium and boron is 1:1:1, and the content of strontium, titanium and boron is 0.3-0.4%.
Through above-mentioned technical scheme, beneficial effect: 1. the material is adopted, grain refining elements of strontium, titanium and boron are added for carrying out grain refining treatment, then stirring is carried out, the content ratio of strontium, titanium and boron is 1:1:1, the content of strontium, titanium and boron is 0.3-0.4%, and after the grain refining treatment is carried out on the strontium, titanium and boron, the strength and hardness of the alloy liquid after forming are high, the structural strength is high, and the integrity effect is good;
2. according to the invention, through methods of degassing, deslagging and the like, the quality after casting molding is improved, the molding effect is ensured, meanwhile, the blank is subjected to heat treatment, the integral quality is further improved, the practicability is high, and the structure is simple;
3. through the hard film coating, the protection of the formed electric vehicle wheel hub is improved, a good scratch-resistant effect is ensured, and the practicability is strong;
4. the electric vehicle hub formed by the invention has the hardness of 80-100HB, the tensile strength of 200-220MPa and the elongation of 4-5%.
The electric vehicle hub manufactured according to the processing method comprises an outer hub ring (1) and an inner hub ring (2) which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of spokes (3) arranged between the outer hub ring (1) and the inner hub ring (2), wherein hard coatings are respectively arranged on the outer hub ring (1) and the inner hub ring (2).
The present invention is further configured such that the film thickness of the hard coating is between 5 μm and 12 μm.
Through above-mentioned structure setting, beneficial effect: 1. through the stereoplasm tectorial membrane of going on, improved the protection to electric motor car wheel hub shaping back, ensured good resistant scraping effect, the practicality is strong.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art should be able to make general changes and substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The processing method of the hub of the electric vehicle is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) selecting materials: the selected alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2.4 to 10 percent of Mg2.3 to 3.3 percent of Zn0.12 to 1 percent of Mn0.05 to 0.5 percent of Si0.004 percent of Fe, less than 0.35 percent of Cu, less than 0.03 percent of Ni and the balance of Al;
(2) aluminum alloy smelting: melting and melting the aluminum material to 700-730 ℃, refining the aluminum alloy through GBF treatment, degassing, deslagging, standing for 10min, transferring the refined and degassed aluminum liquid into a protective furnace of a low-pressure die casting machine, and controlling the temperature of the aluminum liquid to be cast to be 650-680 ℃;
(3) blank preparation: according to the pouring quality and the volume and the weight of a casting, the method comprises the following steps: controlling the time of each stage and the pressure in a cavity in five stages, namely a liquid lifting stage I, a mold filling stage II, a pressure maintaining stage III, a pressure relief stage IV and a cooling stage V;
(4) and (3) heat treatment: the method comprises two parts of solution treatment and artificial aging, and comprises the following steps: the solid solution temperature is between 500 and 550 ℃, the solid solution time is between 4 and 8 hours, the quenching temperature is between 60 and 85 ℃, the quenching time is between 2 and 3min, and the quenching transfer time is between 20 and 25 s; secondly, carrying out artificial aging treatment: the heating temperature is between 130 and 190 ℃, and the heat preservation time is between 3 and 6 hours;
(5) hard coating: subjecting the workpiece obtained in the step (4) to a surface roughening step of adjusting the surface of a base material made of a metal by shot blasting so that the average roughness Ra is more than 1 μm and not more than 2 μm, and then subjecting the workpiece to a polishing step of adjusting the surface of the base material by polishing so that the average roughness Ra is not less than 0.3 μm and not more than 2 μm and the skewness Rsk is not more than 0, and a film forming step of forming a hard coating film on the surface of the workpiece;
(6) molding: checking, selecting qualified products, and packaging.
2. The method for machining the hub of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hard coating is any one of TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, AlCrN and DLC.
3. The method for processing the hub of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the hard coating is between 5 μm and 12 μm.
4. The processing method of the electric vehicle hub as claimed in claim 1, wherein the time of the liquid lifting stage in the step (3) is controlled to be between 6s and 8s, the pressure in the cavity is controlled to be between 10kPa and 15kPa, the time of the filling stage is controlled to be between 38s and 45s, the time of the pressure maintaining stage is controlled to be between 320s and 400s, the pressure in the cavity is controlled to be between 30kPa and 35kPa, the time of the pressure releasing stage is controlled to be within 6s, and the time of the cooling stage is controlled to be between 250s and 300 s.
5. The method for processing the hub of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), grain refining elements of strontium, titanium and boron are added into a smelting furnace for grain refining treatment, and then stirring is carried out.
6. The method for machining the hub of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 5, wherein the content ratio of the strontium, the titanium and the boron is 1:1:1, and the content of the strontium, the content of the titanium and the content of the boron are all 0.3-0.4%.
7. An electric vehicle hub manufactured by the processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising an outer hub ring (1) and an inner hub ring (2) which are coaxially arranged, and a plurality of spokes (3) arranged between the outer hub ring (1) and the inner hub ring (2), wherein the outer hub ring (1) and the inner hub ring (2) are both provided with hard coatings.
8. The hub according to claim 7, wherein the hard coating has a film thickness of 5 μm to 12 μm.
CN201911112108.9A 2019-11-14 2019-11-14 Electric vehicle hub and machining method thereof Pending CN110714149A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116065066A (en) * 2023-03-06 2023-05-05 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 Light high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1904105A (en) * 2006-08-01 2007-01-31 吴思德 Magnesium alloy electric vehicle wheel hub
CN102527899A (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-07-04 株式会社神户制钢所 Mold for plastic forming and a method for producing the same, and method for forging aluminum material
CN103184360A (en) * 2013-04-23 2013-07-03 天津市慧德工贸有限公司 Manufacturing process of electric vehicle wheel hub alloy
CN205439802U (en) * 2016-01-02 2016-08-10 台州市路桥银星摩配厂(普通合伙) Electric vehicle hub
CN107794417A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-13 温岭市方鑫机电有限公司 A kind of production technology of motor case
CN108624767A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-10-09 中南铝车轮制造(佛山)有限公司 A kind of aluminium alloy wheel hub manufacturing method

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1904105A (en) * 2006-08-01 2007-01-31 吴思德 Magnesium alloy electric vehicle wheel hub
CN102527899A (en) * 2010-11-30 2012-07-04 株式会社神户制钢所 Mold for plastic forming and a method for producing the same, and method for forging aluminum material
CN103184360A (en) * 2013-04-23 2013-07-03 天津市慧德工贸有限公司 Manufacturing process of electric vehicle wheel hub alloy
CN205439802U (en) * 2016-01-02 2016-08-10 台州市路桥银星摩配厂(普通合伙) Electric vehicle hub
CN107794417A (en) * 2017-10-20 2018-03-13 温岭市方鑫机电有限公司 A kind of production technology of motor case
CN108624767A (en) * 2018-03-29 2018-10-09 中南铝车轮制造(佛山)有限公司 A kind of aluminium alloy wheel hub manufacturing method

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116065066A (en) * 2023-03-06 2023-05-05 有研工程技术研究院有限公司 Light high-strength corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy material and preparation method thereof

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