CN110713261A - Anti-blocking tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage strengthening treatment - Google Patents
Anti-blocking tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage strengthening treatment Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2305/00—Use of specific compounds during water treatment
- C02F2305/10—Photocatalysts
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
- Y02A20/402—River restoration
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-blocking tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage strengthening treatment, which comprises a front-end system and an artificial wetland system which are sequentially connected; the main body unit of the front system is selected from one or a combination of a plurality of ecological ponds, ecological ditches, grass planting ditches, surface flow wetlands and slow flow riverways. The pre-system can be provided with an aquatic plant system, a reinforced material system and an aeration flow-making system. The invention reduces the concentration of the water inlet pollutants of the artificial wetland system by adding the preposed strengthening system, reduces the blocking probability while realizing the reduction of the wetland area, respectively exerts the technical advantages of the coupling process, strengthens the water quality of the outlet water and reduces the investment cost. The invention can be widely applied to the fields of micro-polluted surface water treatment, advanced treatment of tail water of sewage treatment plants, ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, domestic sewage treatment and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, in particular to an anti-blocking tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage reinforcement treatment.
Background
The artificial wetland has the advantages of good effluent quality, low consumption, high efficiency, landscape effect and the like, is more and more applied to the fields of advanced treatment of tail water of sewage treatment plants, ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, non-point source pollution treatment and the like, particularly in the aspect of upgrading of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, more and more places tend to adopt the artificial wetland technology, and the popularization and the application of the technology are greatly promoted.
However, the artificial wetland also has the problems of unstable treatment efficiency, easy blockage and the like, particularly, the artificial wetland has larger occupied area, further popularization and development of the artificial wetland are severely limited in areas with tense land utilization, and the artificial wetland can reduce the load of water inflow pollutants through the addition of a preposed strengthening process to aim at process coupling, reduce the blockage probability while realizing the reduction of the area of the wetland, respectively exert the technical advantages of the coupling process, strengthen the water quality of effluent and reduce the investment cost.
The patent specification with the publication number of CN 103508639A discloses a pond-bed coupling composite type artificial wetland water purification system with small occupied area, which comprises an upstream efficient algae pond, a submerged plant pond and a horizontal undercurrent artificial wetland; the upstream efficient algae pond, the submerged plant pond and the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland are mutually nested circular structures, and the upstream efficient algae pond, the submerged plant pond and the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland are arranged from inside to outside in sequence; a porous water distribution pipe for injecting sewage is laid at the bottom of the upstream efficient algae pond; the bottom of the submerged plant pond is filled with a thin-layer matrix, and submerged plants are planted; emergent aquatic plants are planted in the horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland. According to the technical scheme, the mode of coupling the pond and the bed with the composite artificial wetland is adopted, so that the occupied area is reduced, but the problems of unstable efficiency and easiness in blockage of the artificial wetland are not concerned yet.
Patent specification CN 103420540 a discloses a tail water treatment system based on stabilization ponds-ecological galleries-artificial wetland, which optimally combines different types of stabilization ponds and artificial wetland, and simultaneously uses the ecological galleries taking the channel wetland as a prototype as water delivery channels to form tandem aerobic and anaerobic reactors to promote effective removal of pollutants in tail water. The above patent technology does not aim at fully utilizing the wetland area with limited area, and focuses on improving the tail water treatment effect. Although other patent technologies, such as chinese patent publication No. CN 106882874A, CN 105060612a, have combined an artificial wetland with an ecological pond, an ecological ditch, etc., none of them is a technical solution based on the problem of reducing the floor space of the artificial wetland, and the combination method is to use the artificial wetland as a front-end system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the field and the problems of limited wetland area and easy blockage, the invention provides an anti-blockage tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage reinforcement treatment, which reduces the water inlet pollutant load of a subsequent artificial wetland system, prevents blockage, effectively reduces the floor area of the artificial wetland system and reduces the investment cost.
An anti-blocking tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage strengthening treatment comprises a preposed system and an artificial wetland system which are connected in sequence;
the main body unit of the front system is selected from one or a combination of a plurality of ecological ponds, ecological ditches, grass planting ditches, surface flow wetlands and slow flow riverways.
Preferably, an aquatic plant system is arranged in the front system;
the plant in the aquatic plant system is one or more of canna, calamus, iris, pinus, resfriction flower, floral leaf giant reed, vetiver, loosestrife, bitter grass, curly pondweed, potamogeton crispus, hydrilla verticillata and goldfish algae.
Further preferably, the aquatic plant system comprises emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants;
the planting density of the aquatic plant system is 5-15 emergent aquatic plants/m230-100 clumps/m of submerged plants2。
Preferably, the front system is provided with a reinforcing material system, and reinforcing materials of the reinforcing material system are suspended or sunk in the main unit of the front system according to the area ratio of 0.1-1: 1 in a manner of dispersion, box loading or combination of two modes. The area ratio herein refers to the ratio of the reinforcing material coverage area to the body cell area.
Preferably, the box body is made of one or a combination of more of PVC, stainless steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic and metal mesh, is in one or a combination of more of spherical shape, polyhedral shape and irregular shape, is provided with a circular hole with the diameter of 2-50 mm, and has the aperture ratio of 10-70%.
Preferably, the reinforcing material is one or a combination of several of inorganic filler, natural polymer material and organic polymer material;
the inorganic filler is one or a combination of a plurality of light volcanic rock, zeolite and ceramsite;
the natural polymer material is one or a combination of more of corncobs, loofah sponge, pecan shells, chestnut shells, peanut shells, bamboo fibers and biomass charcoal modified preparation materials thereof;
the organic polymer material is one or a combination of more of polyurethane, elastic filler, non-woven fabric and a graphene photocatalytic network.
Preferably, an aeration flow-making system is arranged in the front-end system and is used for assisting the front-end system to obtain the effects of strengthening oxygenation and improving water body circulation.
Preferably, the aeration flow-making system is one or a combination of shore-based aeration, water surface aeration and submerged aeration in an electric or solar power supply mode.
The artificial wetland system is used for deeply treating pollutants in water from the preposed system. Preferably, the artificial wetland system is one or a combination of a plurality of surface flow type artificial wetland, subsurface flow type artificial wetland, vertical flow type artificial wetland, composite vertical flow type artificial wetland and self-ventilation ecological filter bed.
Preferably, the plants in the artificial wetland system are one or a combination of several of canna, calamus, iris, pinus, resh flowers, arundo donax linn, vetiver, loosestrife, bitter herbs, curly pondweed, potamogeton catenulata, hydrilla verticillata and goldfish algae;
in the artificial wetland system, the planting density of plants is 5-15 emergent aquatic plants/m230-100 clumps/m of submerged plants2。
The anti-blocking serial artificial wetland system for sewage reinforcement treatment utilizes the coupling effect of the pre-systems such as the aquatic plant system, the reinforcement material system, the aeration flow-making system and the like to reinforce the pollutants; the pre-system is mainly used for removing suspended matters, organic pollutants and partial nitrogen and phosphorus in a reinforced mode, particularly organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade and the like, and reduces the pollution load of water inflow in the subsequent process, so that the occupied area of the subsequent process is reduced, and the blocking probability is also reduced; the artificial wetland system utilizes the limited floor space to strengthen and treat organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent of the pre-system, stabilizes the effluent quality and reduces the investment cost.
The invention reduces the concentration of the water inlet pollutants of the artificial wetland system by adding the preposed strengthening system, reduces the blocking probability while realizing the reduction of the wetland area, respectively exerts the technical advantages of the coupling process, strengthens the water quality of the outlet water and reduces the investment cost. The invention can be widely applied to the fields of micro-polluted surface water treatment, advanced treatment of tail water of sewage treatment plants, ecological restoration of rivers and lakes, domestic sewage treatment and the like.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the main advantages that:
1) the pre-systems such as an ecological pond, an ecological ditch, a grass planting ditch or a surface flow wetland are coupled with the technical means such as inorganic filler, natural polymer material, organic polymer material, an aeration flow-making system, an aquatic plant system and the like, so that the effluent quality effect of the pre-systems is enhanced;
2) the preposed system is strengthened by the multiple means, the water inlet pollutant load of the subsequent wetland process is reduced, the floor area of the artificial wetland system can be effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the reduction of suspended matters (SS) and the like by the preposed system is also beneficial to reducing the occurrence of the blockage of the artificial wetland system;
3) the preposed system can remove suspended matters, organic pollutants and partial nitrogen and phosphorus, particularly organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade, and the postposed artificial wetland system can treat the organic pollutants and the nitrogen and the phosphorus in the effluent of the preposed system in an enhanced manner, so that the effluent quality is stabilized, meanwhile, the occupied area is obviously reduced, and the investment cost is also reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anti-clogging tandem type constructed wetland system for enhanced wastewater treatment according to an embodiment;
in the figure: 1-front system; 2-artificial wetland system; 3-a pipe network system; 4-aquatic plant systems; 5-a reinforcing material system; 6-aeration flow-making system.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The following examples are conducted under conditions not specified, usually according to conventional conditions, or according to conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
As shown in fig. 1, the anti-clogging tandem type artificial wetland system for enhanced sewage treatment of the present embodiment includes a pre-system 1 and an artificial wetland system 2 connected in sequence, and the pre-system and the artificial wetland system are communicated through a pipe network system 3.
The main body unit of the front system 1 is selected from one or a combination of a plurality of ecological ponds, ecological ditches, grass planting ditches, surface flow wetlands and slow flow riverways.
The front system 1 is provided with an aquatic plant system 4, a reinforced material system 5 and an aeration flow-making system 6.
The plant in the aquatic plant system 4 is one or more of canna, rhizoma Acori Calami, rhizoma Iridis Tectori, herba Pteridis Multifidae, Reynaudianae, rhizoma Phragmitis, herba Cymbopogonis Citrari, herba Lythrum Serpentis, herba Sonchi Oleracei, curly pondweed, herba Equiseti Arvinsis, hydrilla verticillata, and Goldfish algae.
The aquatic plant system 4 includes emergent aquatic plants andsubmerged plants are planted at a density of 5-15 emergent aquatic plants/m230-100 clumps/m of submerged plants2。
The reinforcing materials of the reinforcing material system 5 are suspended or sunk in the main unit of the front system 1 in an area ratio of 0.1-1: 1 in a manner of dispersion, box loading or combination of two modes. The area ratio herein refers to the ratio of the reinforcing material coverage area to the body cell area.
The box body is made of one or a combination of more of PVC, stainless steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic and metal mesh, is in one or a combination of more of spherical shape, polyhedral shape and irregular shape, is provided with a circular hole with the diameter of 2-50 mm, and has the aperture ratio of 10-70%.
The reinforcing material is one or a combination of more of inorganic filler, natural polymer material and organic polymer material;
the inorganic filler is one or a combination of a plurality of light ceramsite, light volcanic rock, zeolite and ceramsite;
the natural polymer material is one or more of corncob, loofah sponge, hickory shell, chestnut shell, peanut shell, bamboo fiber and biomass charcoal modified preparation materials;
the organic polymer material is one or a combination of more of polyurethane, elastic filler, non-woven fabric and graphene photocatalytic net.
The aeration flow-making system 6 is used for assisting the front-end system 1 to obtain the effects of strengthening oxygenation and improving water body circulation.
The aeration flow-making system 6 is one or a combination of a plurality of shore-based aeration, water surface aeration and submerged aeration in a power connection or solar power supply mode.
The artificial wetland system 2 is used for deeply treating pollutants in the water from the pre-system 1. The artificial wetland system 2 is one or a combination of a plurality of surface flow type artificial wetland, subsurface flow type artificial wetland, vertical flow artificial wetland, composite vertical flow artificial wetland and self-ventilation ecological filter bed.
The plants in the artificial wetland system 2 are canna indica, calamus, iris, pinus, resleery, floral leaf giant reed, vetiver, loosestrife, bitter herbs, curly pondweed, and potamogeton crispusOne or a combination of a plurality of hydrilla verticillata and golden fish algae, and the planting density is 5-15 emergent aquatic plants/m230-100 clumps/m of submerged plants2。
The anti-blocking series-connection type artificial wetland system for sewage reinforcement treatment of the embodiment performs reinforcement treatment on pollutants by utilizing the coupling effect of the aquatic plant system 3, the reinforcement material system 4, the aeration flow-making system 6 and the like and the main unit of the pre-system 1; the pre-system 1 is mainly used for removing suspended matters, organic pollutants and partial nitrogen and phosphorus in a reinforced mode, particularly organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade and the like, and reduces the pollution load of water inflow in the subsequent process, so that the occupied area of the subsequent process is reduced, and the blocking probability is also reduced; the artificial wetland system 2 utilizes the limited floor space to strengthen and treat organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent of the pre-system 1, stabilizes the effluent quality and reduces the investment cost.
Application example 1
An ecological pond (irregular pond, effective water area 2 m) is constructed based on the technical principle of the invention2Average depth of water 1m) -horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (rectangular structure, area 4 m)2Height of 1.2m, effective filling height of the filler of 1m, and filling of zeolite filler with particle size of 5-12 mm). The water inlet amount is set to be 1.6t/d, the tail water of the first-grade A standard of a simulated sewage treatment plant enters the coupling system after being distributed, and the stable operation period is 2 months after the coupling system is mature. Month 1 operating mode: a reinforced material system is not added into the ecological pond; month 2 operating mode: adding a reinforced material system into the ecological pond.
The preposed system main body unit of the application example is an ecological pond, is provided with an aquatic plant system, plants submerged plants of which the types are common sowthistle and the planting density is 30 clusters/m2。
The front system of this application example also included a reinforcement material system with reinforcement materials suspended in a dispersed manner in the ecological pond at an area ratio of 1/3.
The reinforced material system of the application example is inorganic filler, in particular modified light ceramsite.
The application example does not adopt an aeration flow-making system.
Person of this application exampleThe constructed wetland system is of a horizontal subsurface flow type, all plants are Thalia dealbata, and the planting density is 9 plants/m2。
In the application example, pollutants are subjected to strengthening treatment by utilizing the coupling effect of an aquatic plant system, a strengthening material system and other ecological pond systems; the ecological pond system is mainly used for removing suspended matters, organic pollutants and partial nitrogen and phosphorus in a reinforced mode, particularly organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade and the like, and reducing the pollution load of the inlet water of the artificial wetland system, so that the floor area of the artificial wetland system is reduced, and the blocking probability is also reduced; the artificial wetland system utilizes the limited floor space to intensively treat organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent of the ecological pond system, stabilizes the effluent quality and reduces the investment cost.
In the application example, the working condition of the ecological pond in the 2 nd month with the reinforcing material system is more COD than the working condition of the ecological pond in the 1 st month without the reinforcing material systemCr、NH3The removal rate of-N, TP was improved to 36%, 28% and 29%, respectively.
Application example 2
Application example 2 except that the added reinforcing material system is a graphene photocatalytic network, other parameters are the same as those of example 1, and the operation is performed for 2 months in sequence.
In example 2, the working condition of the ecological pond in month 2 with the graphene photocatalytic network added is more COD than the working condition of the ecological pond in month 1 without the graphene photocatalytic network addedCr、NH3The removal rate of-N, TP was improved by 54%, 48% and 36%, respectively, and the improvement in removal rate was significant.
Application example 3
The water inlet amount of the application example is set to be 1.6t/d as same as that of the application example 1, the simulation sewage treatment plant enters the coupling system after the tail water of the primary A standard is distributed, and the stable operation period is 2 months after the coupling system is mature. Month 1 operating mode: the aeration flow-making system is not started; month 2 operating mode: the aeration flow-making system runs for 4 periods every day, aeration is started for 4 hours every period, and aeration is stopped for 2 hours every period.
The preposed system main body unit of the application example is an ecological pond, is provided with an aquatic plant system, plants submerged plants of which the types are common sowthistle and the planting density is 30 clusters/m2。
The front system of this application example also included a reinforcement material system with reinforcement materials suspended in a dispersed manner in the ecological pond at an area ratio of 1/3.
The reinforced material system of the application example is inorganic filler, in particular modified light ceramsite.
The application example adopts an aeration flow-making system mode to aerate the water surface, in particular to a floating aeration oxygen increasing machine, and the power is 0.75 kwh.
The constructed wetland system of the application example is of a horizontal subsurface flow type, the plants are Thalictrum, and the planting density is 9 plants/m2。
In the application example, pollutants are subjected to strengthening treatment by utilizing the coupling effect of an aquatic plant system, a strengthening material system, an aeration flow-making system and other ecological pond systems; the ecological pond system is mainly used for removing suspended matters, organic pollutants and partial nitrogen and phosphorus in a reinforced mode, particularly organic pollutants which are difficult to degrade and the like, and reducing the pollution load of the inlet water of the artificial wetland system, so that the floor area of the artificial wetland system is reduced, and the blocking probability is also reduced; the artificial wetland system utilizes the limited floor space to intensively treat organic pollutants and nitrogen and phosphorus in the effluent of the ecological pond system, stabilizes the effluent quality and reduces the investment cost.
In the application example, the working condition of the aeration flow-making system in the 2 nd month of starting is higher than the working condition of the aeration flow-making system which is not started to carry out COD treatmentCr、NH3The removal rate of-N, TP was improved by 80%, 75% and 45%, respectively, and the improvement in removal rate was significant.
Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made by one skilled in the art after reading the above description of the present invention, and equivalents also fall within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. An anti-blocking tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage strengthening treatment is characterized by comprising a front-end system and an artificial wetland system which are connected in sequence;
the main body unit of the front system is selected from one or a combination of a plurality of ecological ponds, ecological ditches, grass planting ditches, surface flow wetlands and slow flow riverways.
2. The anti-clogging tandem type constructed wetland system for the enhanced treatment of sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein an aquatic plant system is provided in the pre-system;
the plant in the aquatic plant system is one or more of canna, calamus, iris, pinus, resfriction flower, floral leaf giant reed, vetiver, loosestrife, bitter grass, curly pondweed, potamogeton crispus, hydrilla verticillata and goldfish algae.
3. The anti-clogging tandem type artificial wetland system for enhanced wastewater treatment according to claim 2, wherein the aquatic plant system comprises emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants;
the planting density of the aquatic plant system is 5-15 emergent aquatic plants/m230-100 clumps/m of submerged plants2。
4. The anti-clogging tandem type artificial wetland system for the enhanced treatment of sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-system is provided with a reinforcing material system, and the reinforcing material of the reinforcing material system is suspended or sunk in the main unit of the pre-system in an area ratio of 0.1-1: 1 in a manner of dispersion, box loading or combination of two modes.
5. The anti-clogging tandem type constructed wetland system for sewage reinforcement treatment according to claim 4, wherein the box body is made of one or a combination of several of PVC, stainless steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic and metal mesh, is in one or a combination of several of spherical shape, polyhedral shape and irregular shape, and is provided with a circular hole with a diameter of 2-50 mm, and the aperture ratio is 10-70%.
6. The anti-clogging tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage reinforcement treatment according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the reinforcement material is one or a combination of inorganic filler, natural polymer material and organic polymer material;
the inorganic filler is one or a combination of a plurality of light volcanic rock, zeolite and ceramsite;
the natural polymer material is one or a combination of more of corncobs, loofah sponge, pecan shells, chestnut shells, peanut shells, bamboo fibers and biomass charcoal modified preparation materials thereof;
the organic polymer material is one or a combination of more of polyurethane, elastic filler, non-woven fabric and a graphene photocatalytic network.
7. The anti-clogging serial artificial wetland system for sewage enhancement treatment as claimed in claim 1, wherein an aeration flow-making system is arranged in the pre-system for assisting the pre-system to obtain the effects of enhancing oxygen enrichment and improving water circulation.
8. The anti-clogging serial artificial wetland system for the enhanced treatment of sewage as claimed in claim 7, wherein the aeration flow-making system is one or more of shore-based aeration, water surface aeration and submerged aeration in an electric or solar power supply mode.
9. The anti-clogging tandem type artificial wetland system for the enhanced treatment of sewage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial wetland system is one or a combination of a plurality of surface flow type artificial wetland, subsurface flow type artificial wetland, vertical flow type artificial wetland, composite vertical flow type artificial wetland and self-ventilation ecological filter bed.
10. The anti-clogging tandem type artificial wetland system for sewage enhancement treatment according to claim 1 or 9, wherein the plants in the artificial wetland system are one or a combination of several of canna indica, calamus, iris, pinus, relish flowers, arugula, vetiver, loosestrife, bitter herbs, curly pondweed, hydrilla verticillata, hornworts nigra and golden carp algae;
in the artificial wetland system, the planting density of plants is 5-15 emergent aquatic plants/m230-100 clumps/m of submerged plants2。
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| CN111333261A (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2020-06-26 | 广州市环境保护工程设计院有限公司 | Wastewater treatment system based on constructed wetland |
| CN111499095A (en) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-08-07 | 东南大学 | Aquaculture tail water treatment system and operation method thereof |
| CN112875866A (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2021-06-01 | 北京首创股份有限公司 | Ecological wetland system for treating combined sewage and tail water of village and town sewage field station |
| CN113562849A (en) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-10-29 | 傅光华 | Wetland restoration system and technology |
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