CN110712314B - 一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置 - Google Patents

一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置 Download PDF

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CN110712314B
CN110712314B CN201911009746.8A CN201911009746A CN110712314B CN 110712314 B CN110712314 B CN 110712314B CN 201911009746 A CN201911009746 A CN 201911009746A CN 110712314 B CN110712314 B CN 110712314B
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汪传生
朱琳
郝国强
常天浩
牛广智
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Qingdao University of Science and Technology
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    • B29B7/465—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft each shaft comprising rotor parts of the Banbury type in addition to screw parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
    • B29B7/482—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs
    • B29B7/483—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with screw parts in addition to other mixing parts, e.g. paddles, gears, discs the other mixing parts being discs perpendicular to the screw axis
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
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    • B29B7/484—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with two shafts provided with screws, e.g. one screw being shorter than the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
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    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
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    • B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
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    • B29B7/74—Mixing; Kneading using other mixers or combinations of mixers, e.g. of dissimilar mixers ; Plant
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明属于橡胶加工设备技术领域，具体涉及一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置，根据低温混炼原理，连续化混炼生产物理机械性能优良的橡胶，依据橡胶的低温混炼原理设计了包括双转子混炼机的橡胶混炼装置，主体结构包括密炼机、料斗、挤出机、混炼机、失重称和滤胶机，双转子分为强化分散区、混合分布区和排气均化区，具有强化分散、混合均化、排气挤出的功能，整体压力波动小，物料充实度高，吃料稳定，胶料生热小等优点，适用于橡胶的低温连续终炼；其结构紧凑占地面积小，投资成本低、自动化程度高，生产效率高，能耗低，能够同时增大挤出胶片的密实度和光滑度，提高混炼胶的性能和均匀性，实现连续化生产。

Description

一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置
技术领域：
本发明属于橡胶加工设备技术领域，涉及一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置，根据低温混炼原理，连续化混炼生产物理机械性能优良的橡胶。
背景技术：
实现高效率、低耗能地大规模生产高质量橡胶制品是橡胶行业现阶段亟待解决的重要问题。混炼是橡胶加工中最为关键也是必须的过程，同时更是能耗最高的环节。混炼质量的好坏最终决定了橡胶成品质量的优劣和使用寿命，基于此，对于混炼环节的研究与改进始终是橡胶加工工业关注的焦点。
传统的密炼机多段法属于高温炼胶，密炼机在150-160℃下排胶。这种方法不仅无法实现规模化连续生产，造成了生产效率和能源的损失，还会使橡胶分子链在高温下发生大量的氧化断裂，降低制品的物理机械性能。此外，利用密炼机进行橡胶的终炼时，由于橡胶剪切生热大，并且密炼机对混炼温度的控制能力弱，很容易发生早硫现象。
中国专利201110026202.X公开的一种橡胶连续混炼双转子结构包括一对异向螺纹、平行、异向旋转和转速相同的复合型转子，转子后端连接动力传动系统，一对复合型转子中的螺纹部分是部分啮合，转子上有加料段、捏炼段、混炼段及挤出段；加料段是螺距由后向前减小的大导程单头螺纹结构；捏炼段采用两根转子上的齿形盘端面相对，留有间隙的齿形盘结构；混炼段由三段组成，混炼段Ⅰ是一端有两段长度不同的左旋突棱，另一端有两段长度不同的右旋突棱的剪切型转子混炼元件，混炼段Ⅱ是有两条短的螺旋突棱，两条短的螺旋突棱之间有一条长的螺旋突棱的啮合型转子混炼元件，混炼段Ⅲ是上有两条螺棱，螺棱由螺纹旋转方向不同、螺旋角不同的两段螺纹连接组成的大导程转子混炼元件；挤出段是双头螺纹，其后一部分的螺距由后向前减小，前一部分螺距相等；其适用于橡胶的母炼，通过剪切转子、啮合转子的强剪切作用来实现填料的分散，但同时也造成了大量的生热，不适用于橡胶的终炼。同时，各输送段为等距螺纹元件，虽然能使物料前进，但输送压力小，胶料在不同混炼元件处的充满度不一致，压力波动大，难以保证配比的准确性。因此，研发一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置，具有很高的社会意义及实用价值。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，研发设计一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置，根据低温混炼原理，实现物理机械性能优良的橡胶的连续化混炼生产。
为了实现上述目的，本发明涉及的橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置的主体结构包括密炼机、料斗、挤出机、混炼机、失重称和滤胶机；密炼机通过料斗与挤出机连接，挤出机的下方设置有混炼机，挤出机机头对应混料机喂料口，混炼机喂料口处设置有失重称，混炼机与滤胶机连接。
本发明涉及的挤出机为中国专利201821008303.8涉及的一种新型双螺杆橡胶过滤挤出机；混炼机的转子为双转子结构，两个转子异向平行啮合，内向旋转，对粘弹性橡胶材料产生较大的拖曳、挤压、拉伸作用，避免胶料打滑，实现稳定吃料，能够保证配比的准确性，同时能够使左右转子受力均衡；滤胶机为齿轮泵式橡胶滤胶机，能够降低胶料的压力，减少低温终炼时的生热，进而降低终炼胶的混炼温度，防止发生早硫现象。
本发明涉及的转子分为强化分散区、混合分布区和排气均化区；强化分散区包括变导程双头喂料段、分散混合段、第一输送段和组合捏合段；混合分布区包括第二输送段、大导程螺纹段、第三输送段和变螺距开槽分布段；排气均化区包括排气段、偏心辊筒段和挤出段。
本发明与现有技术相比，依据橡胶的低温混炼原理设计了包括双转子混炼机的橡胶混炼装置，双转子分为强化分散区、混合分布区和排气均化区，具有强化分散、混合均化、排气挤出的功能，整体压力波动小，物料充实度高，吃料稳定，胶料生热小等优点，适用于橡胶的低温连续终炼；其结构紧凑占地面积小，投资成本低、自动化程度高，生产效率高，能耗低，能够同时增大挤出胶片的密实度和光滑度，提高混炼胶的性能和均匀性，实现连续化生产。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的主体结构原理示意图。
图2为本发明涉及的转子的主体结构原理示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例并结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及的橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置的主体结构包括密炼机1、料斗2、挤出机3、混炼机4、失重称5和滤胶机6；密炼机1通过料斗2与挤出机3连接，挤出机3的下方设置有混炼机4，挤出机机头8对应混料机喂料口9，混炼机喂料口9处设置有失重称5，混炼机4与滤胶机6连接。
本实施例涉及的混炼机4的转子11为双转子结构；转子11分为强化分散区、混合分布区和排气均化区；强化分散区包括变导程双头喂料段12、分散混合段13、第一输送段14和组合捏合段15；混合分布区包括第二输送段16、大导程螺纹段17、第三输送段18和变螺距开槽分布段19；排气均化区包括排气段20、偏心辊筒段21和挤出段22。
本实施例涉及的变导程双头喂料段12为双头螺纹，导程由38mm渐变为22mm，能够实现快速吃料和建立输送压力；分散混合段13由两条开槽长棱和两条短棱组成，一条长棱和一条短棱分布在一端，另外一条长棱和一条短棱对称分布在另一端，长棱上设置有变深度和变间隙的齿槽，棱峰处齿槽深，两边齿槽浅，齿槽的间距由端部向棱峰延伸方向逐渐减小，齿槽的密度随着胶料周向流动速度的增大而增加，增加了胶料的泄露流，在减少剪切升温的同时提高胶料的均一性；第一输送段14、第二输送段16和第三输送段18均为为单头变螺距螺纹，螺距由14mm变为10mm，能够建立正向输送压力；组合捏合段15由7块二头捏合盘构成，旋向依次为反-正-正-直-正-反-反，错列角依次为正向30°-30°-90°-90°-30°-30°，其中，两侧的6块斜棱捏合盘的厚度为5mm，中间的1块直棱捏合盘厚度为20mm，正向捏合盘与反向捏合盘组合，延长了胶料的停留时间，建立了正向输送压力，加强了分散作用；大导程螺纹段17由长度比为3:1的大导程双头正旋螺纹和大导程双头反旋螺纹组成，工作时，大导程螺纹段17表面与混炼腔内壁之间形成的楔形区域使胶料在圆周方向上流动，同时，正旋螺纹和反旋螺纹的冲突使胶料产生轴向往复运动，在混炼腔之间产生推挤、交叉流动和卷折变形，促进胶料的分布混合，胶料在大导程螺纹段17不受剪切作用，生热少；变螺距开槽分布段19为变螺距单头螺纹，螺距由14mm变为10mm，并在垂直于螺棱的方向上开设6条沟槽，促进胶料的分布混合；排气段20的螺距由10mm突变为16mm再变回10mm，通过螺距的变化先建立正向高压，再使胶料突然进入低充满度区域，使胶料暴露自由表面排出气体，最后逐渐增压提高充实度；偏心辊筒段21的主体是偏心辊筒，偏心辊筒表面分布有1条正旋突棱和2条直棱，将偏心辊筒表面分隔出3个容腔，转子11旋转时，容腔体积发生周期性变化、正旋突棱与直棱间的容腔体积在轴向上变化，形成拉伸流场，促进填料的分散，不会产生大量的热；挤出段22为变螺距单头螺纹，螺距由14mm变为10mm，使胶料逐步充满并稳定挤出。

Claims (1)

1.一种橡胶低温连续混炼生产装置，其特征在于，主体结构包括密炼机、料斗、挤出机、混炼机、失重称和滤胶机；密炼机通过料斗与挤出机连接，挤出机的下方设置有混炼机，挤出机机头对应混炼机喂料口，混炼机喂料口处设置有失重称，混炼机与滤胶机连接；混炼机的转子为双转子结构；转子分为强化分散区、混合分布区和排气均化区；强化分散区包括变导程双头喂料段、分散混合段、第一输送段和组合捏合段；混合分布区包括第二输送段、大导程螺纹段、第三输送段和变螺距开槽分布段；排气均化区包括排气段、偏心辊筒段和挤出段；变导程双头喂料段为双头螺纹，导程由38mm渐变为22mm；分散混合段由两条开槽长棱和两条短棱组成，一条长棱和一条短棱分布在一端，另外一条长棱和一条短棱对称分布在另一端，长棱上设置有变深度和变间隙的齿槽，棱峰处齿槽深，两边齿槽浅，齿槽的间距由端部向棱峰延伸方向逐渐减小，齿槽的密度随着胶料周向流动速度的增大而增加，第一输送段、第二输送段和第三输送段均为单头变螺距螺纹，螺距由14mm变为10mm；组合捏合段由7块二头捏合盘构成，旋向依次为反-正-正-直-正-反-反，错列角依次为正向30°-30°-90°-90°-30°-30°，其中，两侧的6块斜棱捏合盘的厚度为5mm，中间的1块直棱捏合盘厚度为20mm，正向捏合盘与反向捏合盘组合；大导程螺纹段由长度比为3:1的大导程双头正旋螺纹和大导程双头反旋螺纹组成，工作时，大导程螺纹段表面与混炼腔内壁之间形成的楔形区域使胶料在圆周方向上流动，同时，正旋螺纹和反旋螺纹的冲突使胶料产生轴向往复运动，在混炼腔之间产生推挤、交叉流动和卷折变形；变螺距开槽分布段为变螺距单头螺纹，螺距由14mm变为10mm，并在垂直于螺棱的方向上开设6条沟槽；排气段的螺距由10mm突变为16mm再变回10mm；偏心辊筒段的主体是偏心辊筒，偏心辊筒表面分布有1条正旋突棱和2条直棱，将偏心辊筒表面分隔出3个容腔，转子旋转时，容腔体积发生周期性变化、正旋突棱与直棱间的容腔体积在轴向上变化，形成拉伸流场；挤出段为变螺距单头螺纹，螺距由14mm变为10mm；滤胶机为齿轮泵式橡胶滤胶机。
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