CN110710174A

CN110710174A - Method and apparatus for wireless communication waveform generation

Info

Publication number: CN110710174A
Application number: CN201780091761.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄琛; 辛雨
Original assignee: ZTE Corp
Current assignee: ZTE Corp
Priority date: 2017-04-06
Filing date: 2017-04-06
Publication date: 2020-01-17
Also published as: WO2018184174A1

Abstract

One method comprises the following steps: sending a message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping; receiving a signal from a node; and determining which of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping the node performed on the signal.

Description

Method and apparatus for wireless communication waveform generation

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to the field of wireless communications, and more particularly to methods and systems for wireless communication waveform generation.

Background

Wireless waveforms transmitted by Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) (hereinafter referred to as "OFDM waveforms") have many advantages, such as strong anti-multipath fading capability by using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT). OFDM waveforms are currently used for evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) transmissions in fourth generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks. However, the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of an OFDM waveform is typically high, such that the corresponding uplink range of a User Equipment (UE) equipped with low transmission power (e.g., low power UE), i.e., the UE's ability to successfully transmit signals to potentially distant receiver nodes, may be limited. Accordingly, a radio waveform that can be applied to a fifth generation (5G) mobile communication standard, which is generally called a discrete fourier transform-spread (DFT-S) -OFDM waveform (hereinafter referred to as a "DFT-S-OFDM waveform"), is currently being explored. For purposes of illustration, a communication network that uses the 5G mobile communication standard is referred to herein as a "5G network". The corresponding PAPR of the DFT-S OFDM waveform is still high, which limits such DFT-S-OFDM waveform to be implemented on low power UEs, especially in uplink use.

Furthermore, in 5G networks, various communication demands for respective applications, such as internet of things (IoT), mass machine type communication (mtc), etc., are emerging. Some exemplary new devices to be used in 5G networks have some features, such as data transmission/reception using small data packets. The waveforms used by such new devices typically require a lower PARR. Furthermore, the use of higher frequency (e.g., greater than 40GHz) waveforms is also one of various goals that need to be achieved for communications in a 5G network. When used at such high frequencies, waveforms with relatively high PAPR may therefore face various challenges, such as higher phase noise, frequency offset, doppler propagation effects, transmission loss, lower Power Amplifier (PA) efficiency, and the like. Therefore, it is also desirable to have a waveform with a low PAPR for high frequency use.

In this regard, a Frequency Domain Spectral Shaping (FDSS) technique has been proposed to reduce the corresponding PAPR of a DFT-S-OFDM waveform. However, the use of the FDSS technique may inherently reduce the transmission power of the respective edge subcarrier channels transmitting the DFT-S-OFDM waveform, thereby adversely affecting the performance of the respective transmitters. Therefore, there is a trade-off between performance and transmission power. FDSS techniques typically use uniform window functions in order to minimize the trade-off between corresponding performance and transmission power. However, in practice, various other factors may also need to be considered, such as the transmission efficiency of the UE's power amplifier, the additional capacity (e.g., bandwidth) of the transmission power available to accommodate the FDSS technology. Thus, the conventional FDSS technique employed by DFT-S-OFDM waveforms is not entirely satisfactory.

Disclosure of Invention

The exemplary embodiments disclosed in this application are intended to solve one or more problems associated with the prior art and to provide additional features that will become apparent by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. In accordance with various embodiments, exemplary systems, methods, devices, and computer program products are disclosed herein. It is to be understood, however, that these embodiments are presented by way of example, and not limitation, and that various modifications to the disclosed embodiments may be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading this disclosure while remaining within the scope of the present invention.

In an embodiment, a method comprises: sending a message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping; receiving a signal from a node; and determining which of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping the node performed on the signal.

In another embodiment, a method comprises: receiving a message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping; and determining whether to spectrally shape a Data Channel (DC) or a Reference Signal (RS) of a signal to be transmitted to the node based on at least one of the plurality of different options.

In another embodiment, an apparatus comprises: at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the at least one processor configured to: sending a message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping; receiving a signal from a node; and determining which of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping the node performed on the signal.

In yet another embodiment, an apparatus comprises: at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the at least one processor configured to: an end message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping; receiving a signal from a node; and determines which of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping the node has performed on the signal.

Drawings

Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the following drawings. The drawings are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict exemplary embodiments of the invention to facilitate the reader's understanding of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings are not to be considered limiting of the breadth, scope, or applicability of the present invention. It should be noted that for clarity and ease of illustration, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication system, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 illustrates a functional block diagram of an example user equipment of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 illustrates a functional block diagram of an example base station of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 4 illustrates a functional block diagram of another exemplary user equipment of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5A and 5B illustrate time and frequency domain responses, respectively, of a window function used by a user equipment of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 illustrates a functional block diagram of another exemplary base station of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7 illustrates a functional block diagram of yet another example base station of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 8A and 8B illustrate a flow chart of an example method performed by a base station of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

Fig. 9A and 9B illustrate a flow chart of an exemplary method performed by a user equipment of the wireless communication system of fig. 1, according to one embodiment of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

Various exemplary embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the drawings to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure that various changes and modifications can be made to the examples described herein without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments and applications described and illustrated herein. Moreover, the particular order or hierarchy of steps in the methods disclosed herein is merely exemplary. The particular order or hierarchy of steps in the methods or processes disclosed may be rearranged based on design preferences, without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that the methods and techniques disclosed herein present the various steps or actions in a sample order, and the invention is not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented unless specifically indicated otherwise.

When a transmitter transmits a signal having a relatively high PAPR waveform, various problems may occur, such as, for example, transmission loss, low power amplifier efficiency (PA), etc. In this regard, the transmitter may use a pulse shaping filter or spectral shaping function (e.g., FDSS) to "shape" the corresponding spectrum of the signal in the time or frequency domain prior to transmitting the signal.

As mentioned above, when using such spectral shaping functions to accommodate various applications in a 5G network, various factors need to be considered at the transmitter end. Furthermore, one or more receivers may respond differently in order to successfully recover the signal when the transmitter has considered the respective factors and transmitted the respective signals accordingly. Various embodiments of a wireless communication system including a transmitting node (e.g., a user equipment) and a receiving node (e.g., a base station) are provided, where the receiving node may respond differently to demodulate and decode signals transmitted from the transmitting node based on various scenarios regarding how the transmitting node shapes the signals (e.g., by performing a spectral shaping function on the signals). More specifically, in some embodiments, a transmitting node may perform an FDSS (frequency domain spectral shaping) function on a data channel, a reference signal, or both of a signal prior to transmitting the signal to a receiving node via a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme. Fig. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a wireless communication system (hereinafter "system") 100 that employs signal communication (transmission and/or reception) over a wireless network 101, in accordance with some embodiments.

System 100 includes at least two wireless communication nodes (hereinafter "nodes") 102 and 104 that can communicate with each other over a wireless medium (e.g., channel) 101. In some embodiments, the first node 102 may be one or more base stations 102 (also sometimes referred to as evolved node B-eNB, serving eNB, target eNB, home BS, or pico station). Additionally, according to some embodiments, the second node 104 may be an access terminal (also referred to as a "terminal"), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobility Management Entity (MME), or a mobile device, for example. In general, the first node 102 and the second node 104 may be any devices configured for wireless communication and further configured to perform the respective functions described herein. The terms "configured to" or "configured to" as used herein with respect to a particular operation or function refer to a device, component, circuit, structure, machine, etc., that is actually manufactured, programmed, and/or arranged to perform the particular operation or function. To illustrate one exemplary embodiment, in the following discussion, the first node 102 is referred to as a Base Station (BS)102 and the second node 104 is referred to as a UE device 104 or simply UE 104.

In some embodiments, BS102 and UE104 may each include one or more modulation/demodulation functional blocks to facilitate wireless communication and/or channel estimation, which will be discussed in further detail below. Still referring to fig. 1, BS102 communicates with UE104 via downlink channel 105 and receives data from UE104 via uplink channel 107. The designation of channels as uplink and downlink is arbitrary, as the UE104 may also transmit data via the downlink channel 105 and receive data via the uplink channel 107. It is noted that although only two nodes 102 and 104 are shown in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, more than two nodes may be used in network 101, wherein these additional nodes may also be configured to perform the functions described herein.

In one embodiment, a method of generating a signal for transmission to a BS102 by a UE104 is disclosed. In some embodiments, signals are transmitted over network 101 using a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM waveforms). This embodiment includes scenarios where the BS102 has not previously instructed the UE104 to perform FDSS functional processing on signals (e.g., waveforms) transmitted by the UE 104. In this case, the BS102 does not know whether the UE104 synchronizes to the transmitted signal ("signal 1"), or more specifically, to the data channel (hereinafter referred to as "DC") used by the signal 1. As used herein, "data channel" or "DC" is collectively referred to as various channels over which signals may be used to transmit data or information over network 101 (e.g., a 5G network). For example, the DC may include one or more channels in the physical layer, such as a Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), and so on. In this scenario, as discussed in further detail below, according to some embodiments, the UE104 and the BS102 may use two methods to transmit and receive signal 1, respectively.

Fig. 2 illustrates a functional block diagram of an embodiment 200 of the UE104 when the UE104 is configured to perform FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 1 and a corresponding reference signal (hereinafter "RS"), according to one embodiment of the present application. In the following discussion, the UE104 in the embodiment shown in fig. 2 is referred to as "UE 200". In some embodiments, UE 200 includes an encoding unit 202, a modulation unit 204, a reference signal unit 206, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) unit 208, a first Spectral Shaping (SS) unit 220, a second SS unit 222, a resource mapping unit 224, an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) unit 226, and a Cyclic Prefix (CP) adding unit 228. For clarity, each unit will be briefly described below.

In some embodiments, the encoding unit 202 is configured to convert the received signal 201 into digital bits. The modulation unit 204 coupled to the encoding unit 202 is configured to modulate the data bits received from the encoding unit 202 into one or more modulation symbols using various modulation techniques (e.g., Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) techniques, Offset Quadrature Amplitude (OQAM) techniques, etc.). The reference signal unit 206 is configured to provide one or more of the above-mentioned "RSs" (reference signals), also referred to as "reference symbols", as pilot signals for the modulation symbols. The DFT unit 208 is configured to perform a discrete fourier transform of size M on the modulation symbols to provide M complex modulation symbols. In some embodiments, such complex modulation symbols may include the "DC (data channel)" described above. The first SS unit 220 and the second SS unit 222 are coupled to the reference signal unit 206 and the DFT unit 208, respectively. In some embodiments, the first SS unit 220 is configured to perform FDSS on the reference signal provided by the reference signal unit 206, and the second SS unit 222 is configured to perform the same or equivalent FDSS function on DC.

A resource mapping unit 224 coupled to both the first SS unit 220 and the second SS unit 222 is configured to map each "shaped" reference signal and complex modulation symbol with a respective subcarrier channel. According to some embodiments, IFFT unit 226 is configured to perform an inverse fast fourier transform of size N on the mapping output provided by resource mapping unit 224, where N is greater than M. CP adding unit 228 is configured to add a prefix and/or a suffix to each symbol provided by IFFT unit 226 to provide one or more digital bits 229. In some embodiments, digital bits 229 may be further processed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) (not shown) into an analog signal, which is then provided to a Power Amplifier (PA) (not shown) to be amplified prior to transmission. According to some embodiments, the transmitted signal may comprise "signal 1" as described above.

As described above, when BS102 has not previously instructed UE 200 to perform FDSS function processing on a signal (e.g., a waveform) transmitted by UE 200, in some embodiments, UE 200 may decide to cause second SS unit 222 to perform FDSS function processing only on the DC of signal 1 (i.e., the output signal of DFT unit 208), only on the RS of signal 1 (i.e., the output signal of reference signal unit 206), perform FDSS function processing on both the DC and the RS, or neither on the DC nor on the RS. In some embodiments, regardless of which of these spectral shaping options UE 200 has performed, when BS102 receives signal 1, BS102 assumes (i.e., decides) that no FDSS functional processing was performed on the RS or DC of signal 1, since BS102 has not previously instructed UE 200 to perform FDSS functional processing on signal 1. Thus, BS102 uses the RS of signal 1 to estimate channel information for one or more channels used by signal 1 for transmission, and demodulates and decodes the received signal using the estimated channel information.

Fig. 3 illustrates a functional block diagram of an embodiment 300 of BS102 when BS102 is configured to demodulate and decode signal 1, according to one embodiment. For purposes of illustration, BS102 in the embodiment shown in fig. 3 is referred to herein as "BS 300". In some embodiments, BS 300 includes CP removal unit 302, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) unit 304, resource demapping unit 306, channel estimation unit 308, equalization unit 310, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) unit 312, demodulation unit 314, and decoding unit 316. Although not shown, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the BS 300 may also include other components or units, such as a power amplifier and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), to receive the signal 1 and convert the signal 1 into symbols (e.g., 301), respectively. For clarity, each of the units in fig. 3 will be briefly described below.

In some embodiments, the CP removal unit 302 is configured to remove prefixes and/or suffixes from the received symbols 301. The fast fourier transform unit 304 is configured to perform a fast fourier transform on the signal provided by the CP removal unit 302 from the time domain to the frequency domain in order to provide a frequency domain signal (e.g., one or more frequency domain symbols). The resource demapping unit 306 is configured to separate respective RSs (reference signals) of the frequency domain signal and the data signal (e.g., one or more data symbols). The channel estimation unit 308 is configured to estimate channel information of one or more channels of signal 1 for transmission using the RS. As is known in the art, such channel information may include a channel response (often referred to as an "H value") that reflects how signal 1 is transmitted over network 101. The equalization unit 310 is configured to recover the data symbols. IDFT unit 312 is configured to convert the data symbols from the frequency domain to the time domain. The demodulation unit 314 is configured to demodulate the time domain data symbols into corresponding (soft) bits. The decoding unit 316 is configured to decode the (soft) bits to recover the original information encoded on the transmitted signal (e.g., signal 201 in fig. 2).

Referring again to fig. 1, continuing the scenario when the BS102 has not previously instructed the UE104 to perform FDSS functional processing on signals (e.g., waveforms) transmitted by the UE104, in another embodiment, the UE104 may perform FDSS functional processing only on the corresponding DC of the signal (hereinafter "signal 2"), in which case the UE104 is as shown in fig. 4.

Fig. 4 shows a functional block diagram of an embodiment 400 of the UE104 when the UE104 is configured to transmit signal 2, according to one embodiment. For purposes of illustration, the UE104 in the embodiment shown in fig. 4 is referred to herein as a "UE 400" in some embodiments, the UE 400 is substantially similar to the UE 200 (fig. 2), except that the UE 400 has only one SS unit 410, rather than two SS units as shown in fig. 2, coupled between the respective DFT unit 406 and the resource mapping unit 412. In this way, the reference signal unit 408 can provide the corresponding RS without spectral shaping to the resource mapping unit 412. As described above, the encoding unit 402, the modulation unit 404, the DFT unit 406, the reference signal unit 408, the resource mapping unit 412, the IFFT unit 414, and the CP adding unit 416 of the UE 400 are each substantially similar to the corresponding units of the UE 200. Therefore, for the sake of brevity, the discussion of the respective functions of these elements is not repeated here.

According to various embodiments, the modulation unit 404 of the UE 400 may provide modulation for the signal 2 using pi/2 binary phase shift keying (pi/2 BPSK), Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM), or the like. As discussed in further detail below, in such embodiments, BS102 may demodulate and decode signal 2 by following a similar method as described above with reference to fig. 3, despite the lack of knowledge of whether received signal 2 is FDSS-enabled.

For example,the SS unit 410 of the UE 400 may use a predefined window function of FDSS when modulated using pi/2 BPSK. More specifically, in some embodiments, such a predefined window function may include (1) a number of taps (i.e., non-zero terms) that is less than or equal to 3, or (2) the non-zero terms of the predefined window function exist only at one or more odd index positions and the origin. In other words, in the time domain response of the window function, the window function can be expressed as: aD^-1+a₀+bD¹(non-zero term of 3 or less), or a_nD^-2n-1+…+a₁D^-1+a₀+b₁D¹+…+b_nD²ⁿ⁺¹(non-zero terms exist only at one or more odd index positions and the origin). In some embodiments, when such a window function is used, inter-symbol interference may not be present in the symbols modulated by the modulation unit 404. Thus, even if UE 400 performs FDSS function processing on the corresponding DC of signal 2 (the output of DFT unit 406), BS102 may demodulate and decode signal 2 without knowledge of the window function, since BS102 assumes (i.e., decides) that no spectral shaping is performed. In some embodiments, this demodulation and decoding of signal 2 may be performed in a manner similar to the operations performed by BS 300, as described above with reference to fig. 3.

Fig. 5A and 5B show the time and frequency domain responses, respectively, of an exemplary predefined window function. Exemplary window functions in the embodiment shown in fig. 5A include the window functions described above, including 3 non-zero terms in the time domain, and their respective frequency domain responses are shown in fig. 5B. More specifically, in the time domain response (i.e., FIG. 5A), the exemplary window function includes non-zero terms (e.g., pulses) 502-1, 502-2, and 502-3 that occur at times "t 1", "t 2", and "t 3", respectively. The time domain response of the exemplary window function of fig. 5A may be converted to a frequency domain response as shown in fig. 5B by one or more time domain to frequency domain conversion techniques (e.g., fourier transforms).

In another embodiment, a method for generating, by a UE104, a signal for transmission to a BS102 is disclosed. As described above, in some embodiments, signals may be transmitted over network 101 using a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM waveforms). In this embodiment, the BS102 has previously indicated that the UE104 is not to perform FDSS function processing on the corresponding RS of the signal transmitted by the UE104 (hereinafter referred to as "signal 3"), but the BS102 does not know whether the FDSS function is to be performed or has been performed on the corresponding DC of signal 3. In this case, as discussed in further detail below, the UE104 and the BS102 may use two methods to transmit and receive signal 3, respectively, according to some embodiments.

In one approach, based on various factors (e.g., transmission power of the respective power amplifier, transmission efficiency, additional transmission capability, etc.), the UE104 may decide to perform FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 3 instead of performing on the RS of signal 3 as directed by the BS 102. In some embodiments, the UE104 may transmit its decision to the BS102 as a periodic feedback signal prior to transmission of signal 3 whether to perform FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 3. The BS102 uses the feedback signal to determine whether the UE 102 has performed FDSS functional processing on signal 3. In one embodiment, feedback signals are periodically sent from the UEs 104 to indicate one or more of their respective power amplifier parameters (e.g., transmission power, transmission efficiency, additional transmission capability, etc.). In some embodiments, the feedback signal is also used to provide information about the FDSS function performed by the UE 104. However, the feedback signal may not reflect up-to-date information about the power amplifier parameters and FDSS functionality of the UE. However, the BS102 will still use the feedback signal transmitted at the previous time (e.g., 1 second ago) to "assume" (i.e., decide) that the UE104 has performed FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 3 specified in the feedback signal. In some embodiments, a predefined window function may be used when the UE104 decides to perform FDSS functional processing on signal 3 DC. Such a predefined window function may be provided to the UE104 when the BS102 instructs the UE104 not to perform FDD functions on the RS of signal 3. In this way, both the BS102 and the UE104 know the window function. Thus, in some embodiments, BS102 may demodulate and decode signal 3 using a predefined window function, since BS102 determines that UE 102 has FDSS-functional processed signal 3 using the predefined window function.

Fig. 6 illustrates a functional block diagram of an embodiment 600 of BS102 when BS102 is configured to demodulate and decode signal 3, according to one embodiment. For purposes of illustration, BS102 in the embodiment shown in fig. 6 is referred to herein as "BS 600" in some embodiments, BS600 is substantially similar to BS 300, but BS600 further includes a shaping channel estimation unit 610 that is coupled between channel estimation unit 608 and equalization unit 612. Since the other units of BS600 (CP removal unit 602, FFT unit 604, resource demapping unit 606, channel estimation unit 608, equalization unit 612, IDFT unit 614, demodulation unit 616, and decoding unit 618) each have substantially similar functions to the corresponding units of BS 300, the discussion of these units of BS600 will not be repeated here.

Still referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the channel estimation unit 608 is configured to estimate the channel information of signal 3 using the RS of signal 3 provided by the resource demapping unit 606. The shaping channel estimation unit 610 is configured to multiply the estimated channel information by a predefined window function, resulting in updated channel information. The remaining elements (612, 614, 616, and 618) of BS600 then demodulate and decode signal 3 using the updated channel information, as described above.

In other embodiments, the BS102 is configured to receive one or more updated parameters of the predefined window function performed by the UE104 and to estimate (or reconstruct) the window function used by the UE104 in dependence on these updated parameters for spectrally shaping the DC of the signal 3. After the window function estimation is complete, BS102 demodulates and decodes signal 3 in a similar operation as described above.

Fig. 7 shows an exemplary functional block diagram of BS102 (hereinafter BS 700) in embodiment 700, when BS 700 is configured to demodulate and decode signal 3 using the parameters updated by the predefined window function described above. As shown, BS 700 is substantially the same as BS600 except that BS 700 further comprises a shaping function parameters unit 710 and a shaping function generation unit 712, which are coupled to a shaping channel estimation unit 714, as shown in fig. 7. Since the functions of the other units of the BS 700 (the CP removing unit 702, the FFT unit 704, the resource demapping unit 706, the channel estimation unit 708, the equalization unit 716, the IDFT unit 718, the demodulation unit 720, and the decoding unit 722) are substantially the same as the corresponding units of the BS600, a discussion of these units of the BS 700 will not be repeated here.

In some embodiments, the shaping function parameters unit 710 is configured to receive one or more updated parameters of the predefined window function performed by the UE 104. The shaping function generation unit 712 is configured to reconstruct the window function used by the UE104 using the updated parameters and to provide the reconstructed window function to the corresponding shaping channel estimation unit 714 for obtaining updated channel information so that the remaining units (716, 718, 720, 722) of the BS 700 can demodulate and decode the signal 3, as described above.

Alternatively, when the UE104 decides to perform FDSS functional processing on DC for signal 3, the BS102 may demodulate and decode signal 3 with reference to similar operations described with respect to fig. 3, using pi/2 BPSK, OQAM, etc. to modulate signal 3, and using one of the various predefined window functions described in fig. 5A-5B. That is, the BS102 estimates channel information of one or more channels used by the signal 3 using the RS of the signal 3, and demodulates and decodes the signal 3 using the estimated channel information.

In another approach, the UE104 may decide not to perform FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 3 or on the RS of signal 3 as directed by the BS102, based on the above factors (e.g., transmission power of the respective PAs, transmission efficiency, additional transmission capability, etc.). Thus, in some embodiments, the UE104 may periodically send a feedback signal to the BS102 that includes such a decision. From the periodically transmitted feedback signal, BS102 knows that the FDSS function is not in progress on signal 3. Thereafter, BS102 may demodulate and decode signal 3 in a similar operation as described in fig. 3. That is, the BS102 estimates channel information of one or more channels used by the signal 3 using the RS of the signal 3, and demodulates and decodes the signal 3 using the estimated channel information.

In yet another embodiment, a method of generating a signal for transmission by a UE104 to a BS102 is disclosed. According to some embodiments, signals may be transmitted over network 101 using a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme (DFT-S-OFDM waveform). In the present embodiment, the BS102 has previously instructed the UE104 to perform FDSS function processing on the corresponding DC of the signal transmitted by the UE104 (hereinafter referred to as signal 4). As discussed in further detail below, in such a scenario, UE104 and BS102 may transmit and receive signals 4, respectively, according to some embodiments.

In one approach, the UE104 does not perform FDSS functional processing on the RS of signal 4, but rather on the DC of signal 4 as directed by the BS 102. In one embodiment, the UE104 may not perform FDSS function processing on the RS of signal 4 in accordance with the protocol or convention that the UE104 was in the first time of joining or accessing the network 101. Based on the same protocol or convention, BS102 may also decide that FDSS functions are only performed at the DC of signal 4. In some embodiments, a predefined window function may be used when the UE104 performs FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 4. Such a predefined function may be provided to the UE104 when the BS102 instructs the UE104 to perform FDSS functional processing on the DC of signal 4. Thus, both BS102 and UE104 are aware of the window function. In some embodiments, BS102 may estimate channel information of signal 4 using the RS of signal 4, multiply the estimated channel information by a predefined window function to obtain updated channel information, and demodulate and decode signal 4 using the updated channel information, similar to that done in BS600 of fig. 6 above.

In a further embodiment, the BS102 may receive updated parameters of the predefined window function performed by the UE104 and rely on these updated parameters to estimate (or reconstruct) the window function used by the UE104 at DC of signal 4. After the window function estimation is complete, BS102 demodulates and decodes signal 4 in a similar operation as described in fig. 7. Alternatively, when the UE104 decides to perform FDSS functional processing only on the DC of signal 4, modulate signal 4 using pi/2 BPSK, OQAM, etc., and use one of the various predefined window functions described in fig. 5A-5B, the BS102 may demodulate and decode signal 4 with similar operations described with reference to fig. 3. That is, the BS102 estimates channel information of one or more channels used by the signal 4 using the RS of the signal 4, and demodulates and decodes the signal 4 using the estimated channel information.

In another approach, the UE104 may decide to perform FDSS functional processing on the RS of signal 4 and on the DC of signal 4 according to the indication of the BS 102. In some embodiments, such a decision may be based on an agreement or convention established when the UE104 first joins or accesses the network 101. Thus, the UE104 performs the same or equivalent FDSS function on both the RS and DC of signal 4, similar to the UE 200 described in fig. 2. In some embodiments, BS102 determines that FDSS functionality has been performed on both the RS and the DC of signal 4 based on the same protocol, and BS102 may use similar operations as shown in fig. 3, i.e., demodulate and decode signal 4 in the event that neither the DC nor the RS of signal 4 is determined to be processed by FDSS functionality.

In another embodiment, a method of generating a signal for transmission by a UE104 to a BS102 is disclosed. In some embodiments, signals may be transmitted over network 101 using a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM waveforms). This embodiment includes a scenario where the BS102 has previously instructed the UE104 to perform FDSS functional processing on both the respective DC and RS of the signal transmitted by the UE104 (hereinafter "signal 5"). In this case, the UE104 and the BS102 may transmit and receive the signal 5 following similar operations as described with reference to fig. 2 and 3, respectively. That is, the UE104 performs FDSS function processing on the respective DC and RS of the signal 5 by using the first and second SS units (222 and 220 in fig. 2) following the instruction. On the other hand, although BS102 has instructed UE104 to perform FDSS functional processing on the DC and RS of signal 5, BS102 may assume (i.e., decide) that UE104 does not perform FDSS functional processing on the DC and RS of signal 5 when BS102 demodulates and decodes signal 5, according to some embodiments

In another embodiment, a method of generating a signal for transmission by a UE104 to a BS102 is disclosed. Similarly, signals may also be transmitted over network 101 using a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme (e.g., DFT-S-OFDM waveforms). This embodiment includes a scenario in which the BS102 has previously instructed the UE104 to perform FDSS function processing on the respective DC of the signal transmitted by the UE104 (hereinafter referred to as "signal 6") instead of performing the function on the respective RS. In this scenario, the UE104 and the BS102 may transmit and receive according to similar operations as described in fig. 4 and 6 (or fig. 7). That is, the UE104 performs FDSS function processing on the corresponding DC of the signal 6 only by using the SS unit (410 in fig. 4) following the instruction. On the other hand, according to the instruction, the BS102 determines that the UE104 performs the FDSS function process only on the DC of the signal 6 (i.e., not on the RS of the signal 6). Therefore, BS102 demodulates and decodes signal 6 through shaped channel estimation unit 610 as shown in fig. 6 to estimate updated channel information; or alternatively, the updated channel information is estimated using the shaping function parameter unit 710, the shaping function generation unit 712, and the shaping channel estimation unit 714 as shown in fig. 7.

In some embodiments, the above-described "instructions" provided by BS102 to UE104 may be included in a message signal or message transmitted through network 101, such as a Radio Resource Control (RRC) signal, a Downlink Control Information (DCI) signal, or the like. In other words, the BS102 may send a message to the UE104 that includes at least one of the above options for FDSS functional processing. It should also be understood that in some embodiments, when BS102 has not previously instructed UE104 to perform FDSS function processing on signals transmitted by UE104, BS102 may still transmit such a message to UE104, including not selecting to transmit FDDS functions to UE 104.

Fig. 8A and 8B are a flow diagram of an exemplary method 800 of operating BS102 of fig. 1, in accordance with some embodiments. In various embodiments, the operations of method 800 are performed by corresponding components shown in FIGS. 1-7. For ease of discussion, the following embodiments of the method 800 will be described in conjunction with fig. 1-7. It should be noted that the method 800 is only an example and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that additional operations may be provided before, during, and after the method 800 of FIGS. 8A-8B, and that other operations are only briefly described in this application.

Referring first to fig. 8A, the method 800 begins with a first decision operation 802 in which the BS102 decides whether a control message (e.g., the instructions described above) was previously sent to the UE 104. In some embodiments, the control message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping (e.g., FDSS), where each of the plurality of different options is discussed in further detail below.

If the determination at operation 802 is "no," the method 800 proceeds to operations 804, 806, and 808. On the other hand, if the determination at operation 802 is "yes," the method 800 may proceed to a second determining operation 810, and based on the determination made at operation 810, the method 800 may proceed to one of four paths. The first path includes operations 812, 814, and 816; the second path includes operation 818, third decision 820, and operation 822 or 824; the third path includes operations 826, 828, and 830; the fourth path includes operation 840, fourth decision operation 842, and operations 844 or 846. The 804-846 operation will be discussed in further detail below.

In operation 804, the BS102 receives a signal from the UE104 through the network 101. In some embodiments, such signals may be transmitted over network 101 using a DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme. The method 800 continues to operation 806 where the BS102 determines 804 that the received signal was not processed by the FDSS function. Next, in operation 808, BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal according to the determination that the FDSS function processing was not performed on the signal as described above in fig. 3.

When the determination at operation 802 is yes, at a second determination operation 810, it is determined which instruction from the plurality of options is included in the control message. According to some embodiments, the control message may include the following four options: 1. FDSS functional processing on both the respective DC and RS of the signal to be transmitted by the UE 104; 2. FDSS function processing is not performed on a corresponding RS of a signal to be transmitted by the UE 104; 3. FDSS function processing is performed not on the corresponding RS but on the corresponding DC of the signal to be transmitted by the UE 104; and 4, FDSS function processing on the respective DC of the signal to be transmitted by the UE 104.

When BS102 determines that the previously transmitted control message includes option No. 1, method 800 proceeds to operation 812, and in operation 812, BS102 receives a signal transmitted through network 101 using the DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme. Next in operation 814, the BS102 determines that the UE104 is not performing FDSS function processing on the DC or RS of the signal. In operation 816, the BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal based on the determination that the FDSS-functional processing was not performed on the signal, as described above with respect to fig. 3.

When BS102 determines that the previously transmitted control message includes option No. 2, method 800 proceeds to operation 818 where BS102 receives a signal transmitted through network 101 using the DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme in operation 818. The method 800 continues to a third decision operation 820, where the BS102 determines whether the FDSS function has been performed by the UE104 on the DC of the signal. According to various embodiments, this determination may be made by receiving a feedback signal from the UE104, or may be predetermined via a protocol or convention established when the UE 102 first joins the network. If the UE104 is not performing FDSS on DC, the method 800 continues to operation 822, where in operation 822 the BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal based on determining that FDSS-functional processing was not performed on the signal, as described above with respect to fig. 3. Otherwise, method 800 continues to operation 844, where BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal using the predefined window function of the FDSS function, as described with respect to fig. 6 or fig. 7.

When BS102 determines that the previously transmitted control message includes option No. 3, method 800 proceeds to operation 826 where BS102 receives a signal transmitted through network 101 using the DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme in operation 826. The method 800 continues to operation 828, where the BS102 determines that FDSS function processing is performed at the DC of the signal rather than at the RS in operation 828. Next, in operation 830, BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal using a predefined window function of the FDSS function, as described with respect to fig. 6 or fig. 7.

When BS102 determines that the previously transmitted control message includes option No. 4, method 800 proceeds to operation 840 where BS102 receives a signal transmitted through network 101 using the DFT-S-OFDM transmission scheme in operation 840. The method 800 continues with a fourth decision operation 842 in which the BS102 decides whether the UE104 performs FDSS functional processing on the RS of the signal. According to various embodiments, the advance decision may be determined by receiving a feedback signal from the UE104 or by a protocol or contract established when the UE 102 first joins the network. If the UE104 does not perform FDSS on the RS, the method 800 continues with operation 844 in which the BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal using a predefined window function of the FDSS function, as shown in fig. 6. Otherwise, method 800 continues with operation 846, where BS102 demodulates and decodes the signal in accordance with the determination that the FDSS functionality processing was not performed on the signal as illustrated in fig. 3.

Fig. 9A and 9B are exemplary method flow diagrams for operating the UE104 of fig. 1 in accordance with some embodiments. In various embodiments, the operations of method 900 are performed by respective components shown in FIGS. 1-7. For ease of discussion, the following embodiments of the 900 method will be described in conjunction with fig. 1-7. It should be noted that the 900 method is only an example and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. It should be noted that the method 900 is merely an example and is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Accordingly, it should be understood that more operations may be provided before, during, and after the method 900 of fig. 9, and that some other operations are only briefly described herein.

In some embodiments, the method 900 begins with a first decision operation 902 in which the UE104 decides whether a control message was previously received from the BS102 (as indicated above). The control message provides one of a number of different options for spectral shaping (e.g., FDSS), each of which is discussed in further detail below.

If the determination at operation 902 is "no," the method 900 proceeds to operation 904 and then to 906. On the other hand, if the determination at operation is "yes," then the method 900 proceeds to a second determining operation 908, and based on the determination made at operation 908, the method 900 may proceed to one of four paths. The first path includes

operations

910 and 912; the second path includes a third decision operation 914, and either

operations

916 and 920 or 918 and 922; the third path includes

operations

924 and 926; the fourth path includes a fourth decision operation 928 and

operations

930 and 934 or 932 and 936. Operation 904-.

In operation 904, although the UE 102 is not instructed to perform FDSS function processing on the signal, the UE 102 performs FDSS function processing on both the DC and the RS of the signal to be transmitted, as described above with respect to fig. 2. The method 900 continues to operation 906, where the UE104 sends signals with their respective FDSS-shaped DC and RS to the BS 102.

When the determination at operation 902 is "yes," in a second determination operation 908, the UE104 receives and decodes a control message, which may contain one of a number of possible instructions. In some embodiments, the received control message may include one of the following four options: 1. FDSS functional processing on both the respective DC and RS of the signal to be transmitted by the UE 104; 2. FDSS function processing is not performed on a corresponding RS of a signal to be transmitted by the UE 104; 3. FDSS function processing is performed not on the respective RSs of the signals to be transmitted by the UE104 but on the respective DCs; 4. FDSS functional processing is performed on the respective DC of the signal to be transmitted by the UE 104.

When the UE104 determines that the previously received control message includes option No. 1, the method 900 proceeds to operation 910, where the UE104 performs the same or equivalent FDSS function on the DC and RS of the signal to be transmitted. As described with respect to fig. 2, the method 900 continues to operation 912, where the UE104 transmits a signal with its respective DC and RS processed by the FDSS function ("shaped RS and DC").

When the UE104 determines that the previously received control message includes option No. 2, the method 900 proceeds to a third decision operation 914, wherein the UE104 further determines whether to perform FDSS functional processing on the respective DC of the signal. If not, the method 900 proceeds to operation 916, in which operation 916 the UE104 does not perform FDSS function processing on the RS or DC of the signal to be transmitted, and further proceeds to operation 920, in which the UE104 transmits the signal with the unshaped RS and DC to the BS 102. Otherwise, the method 900 proceeds to operation 918, where the UE104 performs FDSS functional processing on the respective DC of the signal to be transmitted and not on the respective RS (as described with respect to fig. 4)), and further performs operation 922, where the UE104 transmits the signal ("shaped DC and unshaped RS") only with FDSS functional processing of its respective DC.

When the UE104 determines that the previously received control message includes option No. 3, the method 900 proceeds to operation 924, where the UE104 performs FDSS function processing on the respective DC of the signal to be transmitted and not on the RS, as described with respect to fig. 4. The method 900 continues to operation 926, where the UE104 transmits the signal ("shaped DC and unshaped RS") only with FDSS functional processing of its respective DC.

When the UE104 determines that the previously received control message includes option No. 4, the method 900 proceeds to a fourth decision operation 928, where the UE104 further determines whether to perform FDSS function processing on the corresponding RS of the signal in the fourth decision operation 928. If not, the method 900 proceeds to operation 930, where the UE104 performs FDSS functional processing only on the respective DCs of the signal to be transmitted in operation 930, and further proceeds to operation 934, where the UE104 transmits signal ("unshaped RS and shaped DC") processing only with FDSS functional processing on its respective DC. Otherwise, the method 900 proceeds to operation 932, where the UE104 performs FDSS functional processing on both the DC and RS of the signal to be transmitted (as described with respect to fig. 2), and further proceeds to operation 936, where the UE104 transmits the signal ("shaped DC and RS") with FDSS functional processing of its respective DC and RS.

While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Likewise, the various figures may depict example architectures or configurations provided to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to understand the example features and functionality of the present invention. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention is not limited to the exemplary architectures or configurations shown, but may be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. In addition, as one of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate, one or more features of one embodiment may be combined with one or more features of another embodiment described herein. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.

It will also be understood that any reference herein to an element using a name such as "first," "second," etc., does not generally limit the number or order of such elements. Rather, these names may be used herein as a convenient means of distinguishing between two or more elements or instances of an element. Thus, reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be used, or that the first element must somehow precede the second element.

In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art would understand that information and signals may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, and symbols (e.g., as may be referenced in the above description) may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

Those of ordinary skill would further appreciate that any of the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, methods, and functions described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware (e.g., a digital implementation, an analog implementation, or a combination of the two), firmware, various forms of program or design code containing instructions (which may be referred to herein, for convenience, as "software" or a "software module"), or any combination of these technologies. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware, firmware, and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware, firmware, or software, or as a combination of such technologies, depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present disclosure.

Furthermore, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, devices, components, and circuits described herein may be implemented or performed within an Integrated Circuit (IC) that may include a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, or any combination thereof. The logic blocks, modules, and circuits may also include antennas and/or transceivers to communicate with various components within the network or within the device. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other suitable configuration for performing the functions described herein.

If implemented in software, the functions described may be stored as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Thus, the steps of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented as software stored on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can transfer a computer program or code from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used for storage. The required program code in the form of instructions or data structures may be accessed by a computer.

As used herein, the term "module" refers to software, firmware, hardware, and any combination of these elements for performing the associated functions described herein. In addition, for purposes of discussion, the various modules are described as discrete modules. However, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that two or more modules may be combined to form a single module that performs the relevant functions in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.

Additionally, in embodiments of the present invention, memory or other storage and communication components may be used. It will be appreciated that the above description for clarity has described embodiments of the invention with reference to different functional units and processors. It will be apparent, however, that any suitable distribution of functionality between different functional units, processing logic elements, or domains may be used without detracting from the invention. For example, functionality illustrated to be performed by separate processing logic elements or controllers may be performed by the same processing logic elements or controllers. Thus, references to specific functional units are only to references to suitable means for providing the described functionality rather than indicative of a strict logical or physical structure or organization.

Various modifications to the embodiments described in this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the novel features and principles disclosed herein, as set forth in the following claims.

Claims

1. A method, comprising:

sending a message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping;

receiving a signal from a node; and

determining which of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping the signal was performed by the node.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the spectral shaping comprises a Frequency Domain Spectral Shaping (FDSS) function, and the signal comprises a discrete fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) waveform.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes spectral shaping both a respective Reference Signal (RS) and a Data Channel (DC) of the signal, the method further comprises:

determining that no spectral shaping is performed on the RS or the DC; and

demodulating the signal using corresponding information of a channel used by the signal for transmission, wherein the channel information is estimated based on an RS of the signal.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein when one of the plurality of different choices for spectral shaping comprises not spectrally shaping a respective Reference Signal (RS) of the signal, the method further comprises:

further determining, based on a feedback signal provided by a node, whether the node spectrally shapes a corresponding Data Channel (DC) of the signal; and

based on the further determination, the signal is demodulated using respective channel information of a channel used by the signal for transmission, wherein the channel information is estimated based on an RS of the signal or a predefined window function associated with the message.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising:

receiving updated parameters of the predefined window function from a node; and

using the updated parameters to provide updated window functions for estimating corresponding channel information.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes spectral shaping of a respective Data Channel (DC) of the signal but not spectral shaping of a respective Reference Signal (RS) of the signal, the method further comprises:

demodulating the signal using respective channel information of a channel used by the signal for transmission, wherein the channel information is estimated based on a predefined window function associated with the message.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising:

receiving updated parameters of the predefined window function from a node; and

8. The method of claim 1, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes spectral shaping of a respective Data Channel (DC) of the signal, the method further comprises:

further determining whether a node spectrally shapes a respective Reference Signal (RS) of the signal based on a protocol followed by the node; and

9. The method of claim 1, wherein when the message does not provide an option to perform spectral shaping, the method further comprises:

determining that a corresponding Reference Signal (RS) or Data Channel (DC) of the signal is not spectrally shaped; and

demodulating the signal using respective channel information of a channel used by the signal for transmission, wherein the channel information is estimated based on an RS of the signal.

10. A method, comprising:

receiving a message, wherein the message provides one of a plurality of different options for spectral shaping; and

determining whether to spectrally shape a Data Channel (DC) or a Reference Signal (RS) of a signal to be transmitted to the node based on at least one of the plurality of different options.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the spectral shaping comprises a Frequency Domain Spectral Shaping (FDSS) function, and the signal comprises a discrete fourier transform spread spectrum orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) waveform.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes spectral shaping both RS and DC of the signal, the method further comprises:

the signal is sent to a node where the respective DC and RS are shaped by an equivalent window function.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes not spectrally shaping the RS of the signal, the method further comprises:

further determining whether to spectrally shape the DC of the signal based on one or more respective power amplifier characteristics; and

based on the further determination, transmitting the signal to a node, wherein the RS is unshaped, and wherein the DC is shaped or unshaped by a predefined window function.

14. The method of claim 10, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes spectral shaping of a DC of the signal but not a RS of the signal, the method further comprises:

transmitting the signal to a node, wherein DC is shaped by a predefined window function, and wherein RS is not shaped.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping includes spectral shaping of the DC of the signal, the method further comprises:

further determining whether to spectrally shape an RS of the signal based on a predefined protocol; and

based on the further decision, the signal is sent to a node, wherein DC is shaped by a predefined window function, and wherein RS is shaped or unshaped by the predefined window function.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein when the message does not provide an option to perform spectral shaping, the method further comprises:

transmitting the signal to a node, wherein the respective DC and RS are shaped by an equivalent same window function, or wherein the respective DC is shaped by a predefined window function and the respective RS is not shaped.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein when the signal in which the respective DC is shaped by the predefined window function is transmitted to a node, the signal is modulated based on a pi/2 binary phase shift keying (pi/2 BPSK) scheme or an Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) scheme, and the predefined window function includes a plurality of non-zero terms less than or equal to 3 or the respective non-zero terms occur only at odd index positions and an origin of the window function.

18. An apparatus, comprising:

at least one processor and a memory coupled to the processor, the at least one processor configured to:

receiving a signal from a node; and

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein, when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises spectral shaping both a respective Reference Signal (RS) and a Data Channel (DC) of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

determining that no spectral shaping is performed on the RS or the DC; and

20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises not spectrally shaping a respective Reference Signal (RS) of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

it is further determined from a feedback signal provided by the node whether the node spectrally shapes a corresponding Data Channel (DC) of the signal.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to:

22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises spectral shaping of a respective Data Channel (DC) of the signal but not a respective Reference Signal (RS) of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

23. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises spectral shaping of a respective Data Channel (DC) of a signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

further determining whether the node spectrally shapes a respective Reference Signal (RS) of the signal based on a protocol followed by the node; and

24. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein when the message does not provide an option to spectrally shape, the at least one processor is further configured to:

25. An apparatus, comprising:

based on at least one of a plurality of different options, it is determined whether to spectrally shape a Data Channel (DC) or a Reference Signal (RS) of a signal to be transmitted to the node.

26. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises spectral shaping both RS and DC of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

27. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises not spectral shaping an RS of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

28. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises spectral shaping a DC of the signal but not spectral shaping on an RS of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

transmitting the signal to a node, wherein the DC is shaped by a predefined window function, and wherein the RS is not shaped.

29. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein, when one of the plurality of different options for spectral shaping comprises spectral shaping of DC of the signal, the at least one processor is further configured to:

30. The apparatus of claim 25, wherein when the message does not provide an option to spectrally shape, the at least one processor is further configured to:

transmitting the signal to a node, wherein the respective DC and RS are shaped by an equivalent window function, or wherein the respective DC is shaped by a predefined window function and the respective RS is not shaped; and

modulating the signal based on a pi/2 binary phase shift keying (pi/2 BPSK) scheme, or an Offset Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (OQAM) scheme, when transmitting the signal to a node with the respective DCs shaped by the predefined window function and the RSs unshaped,

wherein the predefined window function comprises a plurality of non-zero terms of less than or equal to 3, or the respective non-zero terms occur only at odd index positions and an origin of the window function.