CN110707843A - Motor cooling structure and permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile - Google Patents
Motor cooling structure and permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110707843A CN110707843A CN201910734263.8A CN201910734263A CN110707843A CN 110707843 A CN110707843 A CN 110707843A CN 201910734263 A CN201910734263 A CN 201910734263A CN 110707843 A CN110707843 A CN 110707843A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/19—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil
- H02K9/197—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating for machines with closed casing and closed-circuit cooling using a liquid cooling medium, e.g. oil in which the rotor or stator space is fluid-tight, e.g. to provide for different cooling media for rotor and stator
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
Abstract
The invention discloses a motor cooling structure and a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile, which comprise a stator cooling oil way and a rotor cooling oil way, wherein the stator cooling oil way is arranged on the stator cooling oil way; the rotor is formed by closely superposing three types of annular silicon steel sheets with consistent radial dimensions, wherein the first type of silicon steel sheets are axially arranged at two ends of the rotor and used for sealing an oil way; the second silicon steel sheet is tightly attached to the first silicon steel sheet and is overlapped from two ends to the center along the axial direction; the third silicon steel sheet is tightly attached between the second silicon steel sheets at two ends, and a rotor cooling oil path which is respectively in butt joint communication with the oil inlet of the rotating shaft cooling oil path and the oil outlet of the cooling oil path is formed at the periphery of the third silicon steel sheet. Compared with the existing cooling structure, the cooling efficiency of the stator is effectively improved; meanwhile, a rotor cooling oil path is additionally arranged to cool the magnetic steel on the rotor, so that the working performance stability of the magnetic steel is ensured; the motor working efficiency and the working life can be effectively improved, the motor size is reduced, and the power density of the motor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of a permanent magnet synchronous motor cooling structure for an electric automobile, in particular to a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile and a cooling structure thereof.
Background
The influence of new energy automobiles on the improvement of automobile oil consumption and emission is increasingly important. The motor is as the indispensable power supply of new energy automobile, can provide the drive power for the car. Because the permanent magnet synchronous motor has the advantages of large starting torque, stable working condition and the like, the motor commonly used in China at present is mainly the permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The permanent magnet synchronous motor generates copper loss, iron loss, mechanical loss and other losses during operation, and the proportion of the copper loss and the iron loss is large in the losses. Copper loss is mainly the loss generated on the wire resistance after the winding in the stator is electrified, and iron loss is mainly the hysteresis loss and the eddy current loss generated by the magnetic flux in the iron core. These losses are essentially manifested in the form of heat generation, which is also the root cause of the need for heat dissipation during operation of the motor.
The prior art generally provides a cooling liquid flow channel on a motor casing to dissipate heat of a motor stator. Patent CN109104032A discloses a motor and a cooling shell structure thereof, which substantially divides a motor shell into an outer shell and an inner shell, and changes the form of processing a flow channel groove on the inner circumferential surface of the original motor shell into processing a cooling liquid flow channel groove on the inner shell, so as to achieve the purpose of liquid cooling and heat dissipation of the motor, and reduce the machining difficulty and the manufacturing cost; patent CN108551235A discloses a motor and a cooling system thereof, which is characterized in that a cooling liquid channel is processed on a motor shell, a stator core and an inner support, so that the cooling liquid can enter the stator core, directly contact with a heating element and take away heat, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor.
Compared with the prior art, the existing motor cooling system mainly improves the heat dissipation efficiency of the motor stator by changing the design form and the processing form of the cooling liquid flow channel, and does not have a cooling system which can take the heat dissipation of the permanent magnet on the motor rotor into consideration. With the development of new energy automobiles becoming more fierce, each large automobile company pursues higher and higher automobile power consumption and cost, and accordingly, the performance requirement on the motor becomes higher and higher. At present, motors are developing towards the directions of higher power density, more stable working performance and longer working life, so that the motors are developing towards high speed and miniaturization, along with the improvement of the rotating speed and the power density of the motors, the heat generated on a motor rotor is not negligible, the heat dissipation requirement of the motors has a new standard, and the original motor cooling system only for dissipating heat of a motor stator cannot meet the new requirement of the current motor development. However, due to the rotating characteristics of the rotor itself, the cooling system cannot be easily applied or refer to the stator cooling method.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a motor cooling structure and a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile, which can simultaneously dissipate heat of a stator and a rotor of the motor, thereby achieving the purposes of improving the cooling efficiency of the motor and prolonging the service life of the motor.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a motor cooling structure comprises a stator, a rotor, a rotating shaft and an oil pump, wherein the stator, the rotor and the rotating shaft are sleeved outside the motor; the method is characterized in that: the cooling oil passage comprises a stator cooling oil passage and a rotor cooling oil passage;
the stator cooling oil path is communicated with the oil pump through a first oil pipe and is arranged to enter and exit from two end faces of the stator plastic package shell to form a first cooling oil path which axially penetrates between the stator core outer cylinder and the stator plastic package shell inner cylinder, and a second cooling oil path which axially penetrates through the stator core is arranged; a gap is arranged between the inner layer wall of the stator plastic package shell and the outer wall of the built-in stator iron core along the axis to serve as a third cooling oil duct; the two ends of the first cooling oil duct, the second cooling oil duct and the third cooling oil duct are respectively communicated with an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the stator cooling oil duct;
the rotor cooling oil path is communicated with the oil pump through a second oil pipe; the rotating shaft is a non-through shaft with two hollow ends and a solid middle, one end of the rotating shaft is used as a cooling oil path oil inlet and connected with the oil pump, and the other end of the rotating shaft is used as a cooling oil path oil outlet; a radial oil inlet groove and a radial oil outlet groove are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the radial oil inlet groove is communicated with the oil inlet of the cooling oil way along the radial direction, and the radial oil outlet groove is communicated with the oil outlet of the cooling oil way along the radial direction; a plurality of rotor cooling oil paths are arranged on the rotor sleeved outside the rotating shaft at intervals in the circumferential direction and are arranged along the axial direction; each rotor cooling oil path extends to the center of the rotating shaft along the radial direction and is respectively communicated with a corresponding group of radial oil inlet grooves and radial oil outlet grooves to form a passage from the oil inlet of the cooling oil path to the oil outlet of the cooling oil path through the rotating shaft and the inside of the rotor;
the rotor is formed by closely superposing three types of annular silicon steel sheets with consistent radial dimensions, wherein the first type of silicon steel sheets are axially arranged at two ends of the rotor and used for sealing an oil way; the second silicon steel sheet is tightly attached to the first silicon steel sheet and is overlapped from two ends to the center along the axial direction; the third silicon steel sheet is tightly attached between the second silicon steel sheets at two ends, and a rotor cooling oil path which is respectively in butt joint communication with the oil inlet of the rotating shaft cooling oil path and the oil outlet of the cooling oil path is formed at the periphery of the third silicon steel sheet.
Furthermore, the centers of circles of oil groove through holes in various silicon steel sheets on the third silicon steel sheet layer are sequentially connected along the axial direction to form a straight line or a spiral line, so that the axial section of the rotor cooling oil path is an axial cooling pipeline or a spiral line type cooling pipeline.
Furthermore, the axial section of a rotor cooling oil path on the third type silicon steel sheet layer is arranged into a rotor forward rotation cooling oil path and a rotor reverse rotation cooling oil path, a forward rotation one-way circulation valve and a reverse rotation one-way circulation valve are respectively additionally arranged at the inlet of the oil inlet of the rotating shaft cooling oil path, and when the motor rotates forwards, the forward rotation one-way circulation valve is opened and the reverse rotation one-way circulation valve is closed; when the motor rotates forwards, the forward rotation one-way circulation valve is opened, and the reverse rotation one-way circulation valve is closed.
Further, the first silicon steel sheet layer is provided with a permanent magnet and a positioning groove for arranging the permanent magnet; the second silicon steel sheet layer is provided with positioning grooves corresponding to the first silicon steel sheet layer and used for arranging permanent magnets, and a plurality of rotor cooling oil path radial sections butted with the radial oil inlet groove and the radial oil outlet groove are arranged between the positioning grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction; the number of the radial sections is consistent with the number of the pole pairs of the permanent magnets, and the shape of the radial sections can be designed into different shapes according to design requirements; the second silicon steel sheet layer is provided with positioning grooves corresponding to the second silicon steel sheet layer and used for arranging permanent magnets, and a plurality of axial sections of rotor cooling oil paths are arranged between the positioning grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction.
Furthermore, the stator plastic package shell is provided with a detachable end cover, a cooling oil inlet is formed in one end face, close to the oil pump, of the end cover, a cooling oil outlet is formed in the other end face of the end cover, the oil outlet of the first oil inlet pipe is connected with the oil inlet in the end cover of the stator plastic package shell, the cooling oil enters the stator plastic package shell and is in direct contact with heating elements such as a stator and a winding to take away heat, and then flows out of the oil outlet in the other end of the stator plastic package shell to form a stator cooling oil.
Furthermore, the rotor cooling oil passages are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor at intervals, the positions of the rotor cooling oil passages correspond to the arrangement positions of the permanent magnets on the rotor, and the number of the rotor cooling oil passages corresponds to the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets on the rotor.
Furthermore, the inner wall surface of the inner layer wall of the stator plastic package shell is provided with a positioning latch, the wall surface of the inner ring cylinder of the stator core is provided with a clamping groove which is matched with the positioning latch to circumferentially fix the stator, and an axial gap formed between the clamping groove and the positioning latch is also used as a third cooling oil duct of the stator.
Further, the oil pump is coaxial with the pivot, and when the motor began work, the oil pump began work along with the rotation of pivot, and the rotational speed of pivot is faster, and the pump oil volume of oil pump can increase thereupon, and the rotational speed of pivot is slower, and the pump oil volume of oil pump can reduce thereupon.
Furthermore, oil inlets of the first oil pipe and the second oil pipe are provided with check valves.
A permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile is characterized by adopting the motor cooling structure.
Therefore, the invention discloses a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric automobile and a cooling structure thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electromechanical equipment. The cooling structure comprises a motor stator plastic package shell, a stator, a rotor, a rotating shaft, an oil pump, a first oil pipe and a second oil pipe; the stator plastic package shell is provided with an oil inlet and an oil outlet, the rotor is provided with an internal cooling oil circuit, the rotating shaft is a non-through shaft with two hollow ends and a solid middle, one end of the rotating shaft is used as the oil inlet of the cooling oil circuit, the other end of the rotating shaft is used as the oil outlet of the cooling oil circuit, and an oil inlet groove and an oil outlet groove which correspond to the cooling oil circuit of the rotor are circumferentially arranged; the oil pump, the first oil pipe and the stator plastic package shell form a stator cooling oil path, so that direct contact and cooling of cooling liquid with a stator iron core and a winding are realized; and the oil pump, the second oil pipe, the rotating shaft and the rotor internal cooling oil way form a rotor cooling oil way, so that the cooling of the magnetic steel on the rotor is realized. The cooling oil enters the rotating shaft along the oil inlet of the cooling oil path on the rotating shaft, then flows into the rotor cooling oil path in the rotor from the oil inlet groove on the rotating shaft, cools the magnetic steel on the rotor, and then enters the oil outlet of the cooling oil path on the rotating shaft from the oil outlet groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the stator cooling oil path is concentrated in the stator plastic package shell, cooling oil enters the plastic package shell from the first pipeline, fills the whole stator plastic package shell, is in direct contact with heating elements such as a stator core and a winding, penetrates through the whole stator along a gap between the stator core and the outer end face of the plastic package shell, a cooling oil groove on the stator core and a gap between the stator core and the inner end face of the plastic package shell, flows out of an oil outlet, takes away heat of the stator, greatly improves the cooling efficiency of the stator, and in addition, due to the existence of the plastic package shell, the cooling oil cannot flow into an air gap between a stator and a rotor, so that oil stirring loss is avoided; the setting of rotor cooling oil circuit can make electric motor rotor better heat dissipation when well high rotational speed, guarantees that the performance of permanent magnet on the electric motor rotor and silicon steel sheet can not descend because of the temperature risees for the working property of permanent magnet and silicon steel sheet remains stable, working life increases greatly, also can increase the holistic work efficiency of motor simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle and a cooling structure thereof according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a cooling structure of a stator according to the present invention (left side view of a plastic package housing of the stator with an end cover removed);
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an assembly of a rotor and an embodiment of a rotating shaft;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a cooling structure of a rotor;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a first type of silicon steel sheet;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a second type of silicon steel sheet;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a third type of silicon steel sheet;
FIG. 8 is a schematic perspective view of an embodiment of a spindle;
FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic view of an embodiment of a spindle.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be fully and clearly described below with reference to fig. 1 to 9 in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention with creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, a cooling structure of a permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: the stator plastic package casing 1, the stator 2, the rotor 3, the rotating shaft 4, the oil pump 5, the first oil pipe 6 and the second oil pipe 7; the stator cooling oil way is formed by the oil pump 5, the first oil pipe 6, the stator plastic package shell 1 and the internal cooling oil way on the stator 2; and the oil pump 5, the second oil pipe 7, the rotating shaft 4 and the internal cooling oil circuit of the rotor jointly form a rotor cooling oil circuit.
The stator plastic package shell 1 is a double-layer hollow cylinder, the cylinder is provided with an inner layer wall and an outer layer wall which are coaxially sleeved at intervals, the right end face is connected with the inner layer wall and the outer layer wall to form a ring, the left end face of the cylinder is a detachable end cover 8, a cooling oil inlet 9 is arranged on the end cover 8, a through hole-shaped cooling oil outlet 10 is arranged on the right end face of the cylinder ring, and a positioning latch 11 used for stator assembly is arranged on the inner wall face of the inner layer wall in a protruding mode. Preferably, the positioning latch teeth 11 are arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the inner wall surface of the inner layer wall at intervals.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the stator 2 is composed of a stator core 12 and a winding 13, the stator core 12 is a hollow annular cylinder, and a stator first cooling oil passage 14 is axially arranged on the outer surface of the annular cylinder; the stator core 12 is provided with a through-hole type stator second cooling oil duct 15 parallel to the stator first cooling oil duct 14 at a position closer to the stator first cooling oil duct 14, and the through-hole type stator second cooling oil duct is used for cooling oil to pass through the stator core 12, the number, shape and size of the cooling oil ducts (the stator first cooling oil duct 14 and the stator second cooling oil duct 15) are not limited, the cooling oil ducts can be designed according to actual needs, the two cooling oil ducts do not interfere with each other on the stator core 12, and are arranged at intervals in groups, as shown in an end face diagram of fig. 2; the clamping groove 16 on the inner surface of the inner wall of the annular cylinder in the stator core 12 is used for being matched with the positioning clamping tooth 11 on the inner wall surface of the inner wall of the stator plastic package shell 1 to circumferentially fix the stator 2, and meanwhile, an axial gap formed between the clamping groove 16 and the positioning clamping tooth 11 is also used as a third cooling oil duct of the stator; the stator first cooling oil passage 14, the stator first cooling oil passage 15, and the stator third cooling oil passage are all flow passages axially penetrating through the stator core 12, and together form a stator cooling oil passage.
The working principle of the stator cooling oil circuit is that when the oil pump 5 works, cooling oil is pumped into an oil inlet of the first oil pipe 6 from an oil outlet 17 of the oil pump, flows into an oil inlet 9 of the stator plastic package shell 1 along the first oil pipe 6 and enters the stator plastic package shell 1, so that an inner cavity 32 in the whole stator plastic package shell 1 is filled with the cooling oil, is directly contacted with heating elements such as the stator core 12 and the winding 13, flows through a first stator cooling oil duct 14 on the outer surface of the stator core 12, a second stator cooling oil duct 15 on the stator core, a stator third cooling oil duct between a clamping groove 16 on the inner surface of the stator core 12 and the positioning clamping teeth 11 along the axial direction, and finally flows out from an oil outlet 10 on the right end face of the stator plastic package shell 1 to sufficiently dissipate heat of the outer surface, the core part, the inner surface and the winding 13 of the stator core; after the end cover 8 of the left end face of the whole stator plastic package shell 1 is connected with the shell of the stator plastic package shell 1, the oil inlet 9 of the first oil pipe 6 and the end cover 8, and the oil outlet 10 of the right end face of the whole stator plastic package shell are connected with the oil outlet pipeline 33 leading to the oil pump (preferably for recycling, a loop is not shown), the whole stator plastic package shell is sealed, and cooling oil is prevented from flowing between the stator and the rotor to cause oil stirring loss.
The internal cooling oil paths of the rotor are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor 3, the positions of the internal cooling oil paths correspond to the arrangement positions of the permanent magnets on the rotor 3, and the number of the internal cooling oil paths corresponds to the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets on the rotor 3.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the internal cooling oil path of the rotor is realized by the design and arrangement of three types of silicon steel sheets, and the three types of silicon steel sheets are sequentially a first type silicon steel sheet 18, a second type silicon steel sheet 21, a third type silicon steel sheet 22, a second type silicon steel sheet 21 and the first type silicon steel sheet 18 from left to right along the axial direction. As shown in fig. 4, the first type silicon steel sheets 18 are arranged at two axial ends of the rotor 3 and serve as outer side closed surfaces of the internal cooling oil inlet pipeline 19 and the oil outlet pipeline 20; the second silicon steel sheet 21 is tightly attached to the first silicon steel sheet 18, and the outer side of the first silicon steel sheet 18 formed by the innermost layer is closed and arranged facing the central layer of the rotor; the rotor center layer is composed of a third type silicon steel sheet 22, and forms a cooling pipeline 23 (shown in fig. 3 and 4) of an internal cooling oil path of the rotor, and also serves as an inner side sealing surface of an oil inlet pipeline and an oil outlet pipeline of the internal cooling oil path of the rotor; the first silicon steel sheet 18, the second silicon steel sheet 21 and the third silicon steel sheet 22 together form an oil inlet pipeline and an oil outlet pipeline of an internal cooling oil path of the rotor.
As shown in fig. 5, the first type silicon steel sheet 18 is only provided with positioning grooves 24 for arranging permanent magnets; as shown in fig. 6, besides the positioning slots 24 for arranging the permanent magnets, the second silicon steel sheet 21 also needs to be processed with oil grooves 30 for oil inlet and outlet pipelines, the number of the oil grooves 30 for oil outlet pipeline is consistent with the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets, and the shape thereof can be designed into different shapes according to the design requirements; as shown in fig. 7, besides the positioning slots 24 for arranging the permanent magnets, the third type of silicon steel sheet 22 also needs to be processed with oil groove through holes 31 of the cooling pipeline, the number of the oil groove through holes 31 of the cooling pipeline is consistent with the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets, the shape of the oil groove through holes can be designed into different shapes according to design requirements, but the shape of the oil groove through holes 31 of the cooling pipeline needs to correspond to the shape of the end part of the oil groove 30 of the oil outlet pipeline close to the.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 8 and fig. 9, the rotating shaft 4 is a non-through shaft with hollow two ends and solid middle, one end is used as a cooling oil path oil inlet 25, the other end is used as a cooling oil path oil outlet 26, and the solid middle part is used for separating the cooling oil path oil inlet from the cooling oil path oil outlet; the rotating shaft 4 is provided with an oil inlet groove 27 and an oil outlet groove 28 which are respectively corresponding to the rotor oil inlet pipeline 19 and the rotor oil outlet pipeline 20 along the circumferential direction, the number of the oil inlet grooves 27 and the number of the oil outlet grooves 28 are consistent with the number of the rotor oil inlet pipelines 19 and the rotor oil outlet pipelines 20 on the rotating shaft 4, and the shapes of the oil inlet grooves 27 and the oil outlet grooves 28 are consistent with the shapes of the rotor oil inlet pipelines 19 and the rotor oil outlet pipelines 20; the number of the oil inlet grooves 27 and the oil outlet grooves 28 is the same as that of the oil grooves 30 on the second type silicon steel sheet 21; the number of the rotor oil inlet pipelines 19 and the number of the rotor oil outlet pipelines 20 on the rotating shaft 4 are the same as the number of the oil grooves 31 on the third type silicon steel sheet 22; the rotating shaft 4 and the rotor 3 must be accurately positioned when being installed, and the degree of apposition between the oil inlet groove 27 (oil outlet groove 28) and the center of the oil inlet pipeline 19 (oil outlet pipeline 20) on the rotor is ensured; the oil inlet groove 27 (oil outlet groove 28) and the oil inlet pipe 19 (oil outlet pipe 20) on the rotor must be identical in size during machining.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 3, the working principle of the rotor cooling oil path is that when the oil pump 5 works, cooling oil is pumped from the oil outlet 17 of the oil pump into the oil inlet of the second oil pipe 7, flows into the oil inlet 25 of the cooling oil path of the rotating shaft 4 along the second oil pipe 7, enters the oil inlet pipeline 19 of the internal cooling oil path on the rotor along the oil inlet groove 27 on the rotating shaft 4, flows through the cooling pipeline 23 of the internal cooling oil path on the rotor, approaches the permanent magnet and takes away heat, flows into the oil outlet pipeline 20 of the internal cooling oil path on the rotor through the cooling pipeline, and flows out through the oil outlet groove 28 on the rotor 3 and the oil outlet 26 on the; like this, the coolant oil just can take away the heat that gives off in rotor silicon steel sheet, permanent magnet and the pivot, dispels the heat to it, has further promoted the overall radiating efficiency of motor, also guarantees that the performance of permanent magnet, silicon steel sheet can not descend because of the temperature risees, also can prolong the working life of permanent magnet and silicon steel sheet simultaneously.
Optionally, the oil pump 5 is coaxial with the rotating shaft 4, when the motor starts to operate, the oil pump 5 starts to operate along with the rotation of the rotating shaft 4, the faster the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 4 is, the more the oil pumping amount of the oil pump 5 increases, and the slower the rotating speed of the rotating shaft 4 is, the less the oil pumping amount of the oil pump 5 decreases.
Optionally, the oil inlets of the first oil pipe 6 and the second oil pipe 7 are both provided with a check valve 29, so that the cooling oil can only enter the first oil pipe 6 or the second oil pipe 7 from the oil outlet of the oil pump and cannot flow in the reverse direction.
The third type silicon steel sheets 22 are stacked in sequence, so that the oil groove through holes 31 are connected in sequence to form a straight line or a spiral line, and the axial section of the rotor cooling oil path is an axial cooling pipeline or a spiral line type cooling pipeline.
Figures 1-4 of this example only show an example of a straight line segment. In another embodiment, the cooling oil passage in the cooling oil path inside the rotor 3 may form a non-axial straight spiral channel through the design and arrangement of the third type silicon steel sheets 22.
When the third type silicon steel sheet 22 is designed, the circle center position of the oil groove through hole 31 is from low to high to low along the radial direction along the stacking direction of the silicon steel sheets; when the cooling oil duct is arranged, the circle centers of different silicon steel sheets are ensured to be on the same straight line, so that the spiral cooling oil duct is formed. When the rotor 3 rotates, the cooling oil is subjected to centrifugal force, and the spiral cooling oil passage can ensure that the cooling oil flows through the cooling oil passage more easily along with the rotation when the rotor rotates.
In another embodiment, the cooling oil passages in the rotor internal cooling oil passage may be arranged as a rotor forward rotation cooling oil passage and a rotor reverse rotation cooling oil passage according to requirements, a forward rotation one-way circulation valve and a reverse rotation one-way circulation valve are respectively added at an inlet of the cooling oil passages (the oil inlet 25 of the cooling oil passage of the rotating shaft 4), and when the motor rotates forward, the forward rotation one-way circulation valve is opened, and the reverse rotation one-way circulation valve is closed; when the motor rotates forwards, the forward rotation one-way circulation valve is opened, and the reverse rotation one-way circulation valve is closed.
Compared with the existing cooling structure, the cooling efficiency of the stator is effectively improved; meanwhile, a rotor cooling oil path is additionally arranged to cool the magnetic steel on the rotor, so that the working performance stability of the magnetic steel is ensured; the motor working efficiency and the working life can be effectively improved, the motor size is reduced, and the power density of the motor is improved.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A motor cooling structure comprises a stator, a rotor, a rotating shaft and an oil pump, wherein the stator, the rotor and the rotating shaft are sleeved outside the motor; the method is characterized in that: the cooling oil passage comprises a stator cooling oil passage and a rotor cooling oil passage;
the stator cooling oil path is communicated with the oil pump through a first oil pipe and is arranged to enter and exit from two end faces of the stator plastic package shell to form a first cooling oil path which axially penetrates between the stator core outer cylinder and the stator plastic package shell inner cylinder, and a second cooling oil path which axially penetrates through the stator core is arranged; a gap is arranged between the inner layer wall of the stator plastic package shell and the outer wall of the built-in stator iron core along the axis to serve as a third cooling oil duct; the two ends of the first cooling oil duct, the second cooling oil duct and the third cooling oil duct are respectively communicated with an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the stator cooling oil duct;
the rotor cooling oil path is communicated with the oil pump through a second oil pipe; the rotating shaft is a non-through shaft with two hollow ends and a solid middle, one end of the rotating shaft is used as a cooling oil path oil inlet and connected with the oil pump, and the other end of the rotating shaft is used as a cooling oil path oil outlet; a radial oil inlet groove and a radial oil outlet groove are arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft, the radial oil inlet groove is communicated with the oil inlet of the cooling oil way along the radial direction, and the radial oil outlet groove is communicated with the oil outlet of the cooling oil way along the radial direction; a plurality of rotor cooling oil paths are arranged on the rotor sleeved outside the rotating shaft at intervals in the circumferential direction and are arranged along the axial direction; each rotor cooling oil path extends to the center of the rotating shaft along the radial direction and is respectively communicated with a corresponding group of radial oil inlet grooves and radial oil outlet grooves to form a passage from the oil inlet of the cooling oil path to the oil outlet of the cooling oil path through the rotating shaft and the inside of the rotor;
the rotor is formed by closely superposing three types of annular silicon steel sheets with consistent radial dimensions, wherein the first type of silicon steel sheets are axially arranged at two ends of the rotor and used for sealing an oil way; the second silicon steel sheet is tightly attached to the first silicon steel sheet and is overlapped from two ends to the center along the axial direction; the third silicon steel sheet is tightly attached between the second silicon steel sheets at two ends, and a rotor cooling oil path which is respectively in butt joint communication with the oil inlet of the rotating shaft cooling oil path and the oil outlet of the cooling oil path is formed at the periphery of the third silicon steel sheet.
2. The motor cooling structure according to claim 1, wherein: the centers of circles of oil groove through holes in various silicon steel sheets on the third silicon steel sheet layer are sequentially connected into a straight line or a spiral line along the axial direction, so that the axial section of the rotor cooling oil way is an axial cooling pipeline or a spiral line type cooling pipeline.
3. The motor cooling structure according to claim 1, wherein: the axial section of a rotor cooling oil way on the third type silicon steel sheet layer is arranged into a rotor forward rotation cooling oil way and a rotor reverse rotation cooling oil way, a forward rotation one-way circulation valve and a reverse rotation one-way circulation valve are respectively added at the inlet of an oil inlet of a rotating shaft cooling oil way, and when the motor rotates forwards, the forward rotation one-way circulation valve is opened, and the reverse rotation one-way circulation valve is closed; when the motor rotates forwards, the forward rotation one-way circulation valve is opened, and the reverse rotation one-way circulation valve is closed.
4. The motor cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the first silicon steel sheet layer is provided with a permanent magnet and a positioning groove for arranging the permanent magnet; the second silicon steel sheet layer is provided with positioning grooves corresponding to the first silicon steel sheet layer and used for arranging permanent magnets, and a plurality of rotor cooling oil path radial sections butted with the radial oil inlet groove and the radial oil outlet groove are arranged between the positioning grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction; the number of the radial sections is consistent with the number of the pole pairs of the permanent magnets, and the shape of the radial sections can be designed into different shapes according to design requirements; the second silicon steel sheet layer is provided with positioning grooves corresponding to the second silicon steel sheet layer and used for arranging permanent magnets, and a plurality of axial sections of rotor cooling oil paths are arranged between the positioning grooves at intervals along the circumferential direction.
5. The motor cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the stator plastic package shell is provided with a detachable end cover, a cooling oil inlet is formed in one end face, close to the oil pump, of the end cover, a cooling oil outlet is formed in the other end face of the end cover, the oil outlet of the first oil inlet pipe is connected with the oil inlet in the end cover of the stator plastic package shell, the cooling oil enters the stator plastic package shell and is in direct contact with heating elements such as a stator and a winding to take away heat, and then the cooling oil flows out of the oil outlet in the other end of the stator plastic package shell to.
6. The motor cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the rotor cooling oil paths are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the rotor at intervals, the positions of the rotor cooling oil paths correspond to the arrangement positions of the permanent magnets on the rotor, and the number of the rotor cooling oil paths corresponds to the number of pole pairs of the permanent magnets on the rotor.
7. The motor cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the inner wall surface of the inner layer wall of the stator plastic package shell is provided with a positioning latch, the wall surface of the inner ring cylinder of the stator core is provided with a clamping groove which is matched with the positioning latch to circumferentially fix the stator, and an axial gap formed between the clamping groove and the positioning latch is also used as a third cooling oil duct of the stator.
8. The motor cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the oil pump is coaxial with the pivot, and when the motor began work, the oil pump began work along with the rotation of pivot, and the rotational speed of pivot is faster, and the pump oil volume of oil pump can increase thereupon, and the rotational speed of pivot is slower, and the pump oil volume of oil pump can reduce thereupon.
9. The motor cooling structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: and check valves are arranged at oil inlets of the first oil pipe and the second oil pipe.
10. A permanent magnet synchronous motor for an electric vehicle, characterized by adopting the motor cooling structure of any one of claims 1 to 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910734263.8A CN110707843A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Motor cooling structure and permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910734263.8A CN110707843A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Motor cooling structure and permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile |
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| CN110707843A true CN110707843A (en) | 2020-01-17 |
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| CN201910734263.8A Pending CN110707843A (en) | 2019-08-09 | 2019-08-09 | Motor cooling structure and permanent magnet synchronous motor for electric automobile |
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| CN112467948A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 重庆交通大学 | Double-rotor composite motor |
| CN113141074A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-20 | 浙江零跑科技有限公司 | Rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN113572290A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Motor rotor cooling structure for pure electric vehicle |
| CN113905917A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Power assembly and electric vehicle |
| CN114530990A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 佛山登奇伺服科技有限公司 | IPM heat dissipation motor |
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| EP4096063A1 (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-11-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Two phase cooling for electric machines |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113905917A (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-01-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Power assembly and electric vehicle |
| CN112467948A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-09 | 重庆交通大学 | Double-rotor composite motor |
| CN113141074A (en) * | 2021-04-09 | 2021-07-20 | 浙江零跑科技有限公司 | Rotor structure of permanent magnet synchronous motor and manufacturing method thereof |
| EP4096063A1 (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-11-30 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Two phase cooling for electric machines |
| CN113572290A (en) * | 2021-07-29 | 2021-10-29 | 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 | Motor rotor cooling structure for pure electric vehicle |
| CN114838037A (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-08-02 | 北京理工大学 | Hub electro-hydraulic compound drive assembly and control method |
| CN114838037B (en) * | 2022-04-20 | 2022-10-25 | 北京理工大学 | Wheel hub electro-hydraulic composite driving assembly and control method |
| CN114530990A (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-05-24 | 佛山登奇伺服科技有限公司 | IPM heat dissipation motor |
| CN114530990B (en) * | 2022-04-21 | 2022-07-01 | 佛山登奇伺服科技有限公司 | IPM heat dissipation motor |
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