CN110703048B - Self-adaptive method for insulation monitoring time of electric automobile - Google Patents
Self-adaptive method for insulation monitoring time of electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110703048B CN110703048B CN201910837503.7A CN201910837503A CN110703048B CN 110703048 B CN110703048 B CN 110703048B CN 201910837503 A CN201910837503 A CN 201910837503A CN 110703048 B CN110703048 B CN 110703048B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/20—Modifications of basic electric elements for use in electric measuring instruments; Structural combinations of such elements with such instruments
- G01R1/206—Switches for connection of measuring instruments or electric motors to measuring loads
Abstract
The invention discloses an electric automobile insulation monitoring time self-adaption method, which belongs to the technical field of electric automobile battery management and comprises the following steps of monitoring the change rate a of capacitance voltage V and time t of an electric automobile in real time; calculating the change rate a' of the capacitor voltage V and the time t when the capacitor is about to be fully charged; the time when | a | is smaller than a' is the insulation monitoring time. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the waiting time is self-adapted through a specific algorithm, the waiting time is converted into the slope relation, the delay time of the traditional unbalanced bridge circuit in the process of measuring the leakage resistance during switch switching can be accurately calibrated, the insulation monitoring time is related to R and the total battery voltage U in the unbalanced bridge circuit and is not related to the size of the Y capacitor, the method is suitable for any vehicle type, and the size of the Y capacitor does not need to be known.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of battery management of electric automobiles, in particular to a self-adaptive method for insulation monitoring time of an electric automobile.
Background
At present, the direct-current insulation detection of the electric automobile adopts an unbalanced bridge circuit to measure the resistance values of the leakage resistors of the anode to the frame and the cathode to the frame of the battery pack, and the unbalanced bridge circuit needs to switch a switch in the circuit in the measurement process, collect voltage and calculate the leakage resistors.
Fig. 1a shows a schematic diagram of the unbalanced bridge circuit for measuring leakage resistance, where Rp is the leakage resistance of the positive electrode of the battery pack to the vehicle frame, Rn is the leakage resistance of the negative electrode of the battery pack to the vehicle frame, R is the resistance in the unbalanced bridge circuit, and K1 and K2 are switches in the unbalanced bridge circuit.
The measuring steps are carried out in three steps, which are respectively as follows:
step one, closing K1 and K2 simultaneously, and acquiring that the voltage of the battery always opposite to the vehicle frame is U through a single chip microcomputer as shown in figure 1bp1Collecting the total negative voltage of the battery to the frame as Un1；
Step two, K1 is closed, K2 is opened, and as shown in figure 1c, the voltage U of the vehicle frame is always over against the battery through the single chip microcomputerp2；
Step three, opening K1 and closing K2, and collecting the total negative pair frame voltage U of the battery through a single chip microcomputer as shown in figure 1dn2；
Step four, voltage U acquired through the above stepsp1、Un1、Up2、Un2Calculating resistance values of Rp and Rn:
however, since there is a certain amount of Y capacitor in the electric vehicle when the battery is always over the vehicle frame and when the battery is always under the vehicle frame, as shown in fig. 2, when the switch K2 is closed and the switch K1 is opened, the Y1 capacitor is charged. The size of the Y capacitor is different along with the difference of the types and the number of the battery load devices, after the switch is switched, the unbalanced bridge circuit needs to delay for a period of time to wait for the voltage on the Y capacitor to be stable and then can collect the voltage, and the general delay time is determined by calibrating field workers.
If the calibration time is short, when the voltage on the Y capacitor is not full after the switch is switched, the acquired voltage error is large, the calculated Rp and Rn are small, and the electric leakage is mistakenly reported. If the calibration time is longer, although the voltage on the Y capacitor can be full of, the acquired voltage error is small, but once the electric leakage condition occurs, namely Rp or Rn is small, the electric leakage detection is not timely due to the fact that the voltage on the Y capacitor is high in charging speed.
In the prior art, calibration of the Y capacitance delay time is generally performed by actually measuring the Y capacitance of the entire vehicle, and then the Y capacitance is matched with the measurement period of the insulation resistance (i.e., the delay time), for example, chinese patent document CN201910108203.5 discloses an electric vehicle insulation resistance measurement device and method and an alarm device, and specifically discloses that the acquisition time is estimated according to the resistance value of the resistance in the RC parallel circuit, the capacitance value of the capacitance, and the Y capacitance of the electric vehicle, so that the measurement period of the insulation resistance can be changed while locking the change of the Y capacitance, thereby obtaining an accurate acquisition time. The estimation method of the acquisition time comprises the following steps: τ max ═ R1 × (C1+ Cy), where τ max is the maximum time constant, R1 is the resistance value of the resistor in the RC parallel circuit, C1 is the capacitance value of the capacitor in the RC parallel circuit, and Cy is the Y capacitor of the electric vehicle; and determining at least one time value of the maximum time constant as the acquisition time. The patent discloses an estimation method of insulation monitoring time of an electric vehicle, which displays that acquisition time is related to R and capacitance in a measurement circuit, so that if the accuracy of the estimation method of the patent is ensured, the size of a Y capacitor is known in real time and is adjusted according to the size of the Y capacitor. Therefore, the complexity of operation is increased, the estimation time cannot be automatically changed along with the change of a measurement circuit or a measurement environment, and the estimation accuracy fluctuates greatly.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an electric vehicle insulation monitoring time self-adaptive method, which aims to solve the technical problem that the delay time cannot be automatically updated due to switch switching in the process of measuring the leakage resistance by using a traditional unbalanced bridge circuit and improve the estimation accuracy of the acquisition time.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
an electric automobile insulation monitoring time self-adaptive method comprises the following steps:
step S1, monitoring the change rate a of the capacitance voltage V and the time t of the electric automobile in real time;
step S2, calculating the change rate a 'of the capacitor voltage V and the time t when the capacitor is about to be fully charged, wherein a' is different due to different sizes of the leakage resistor R to be detected and the Y capacitor C, under the condition that the measurement circuit determines, the minimum value of a 'can be calculated by taking the maximum values of R and C, and the minimum value is taken as the final value of a';
step S3, when the absolute value | a | of the change rate of the capacitor voltage V of the electric automobile and the time t is smaller than a', the capacitor is about to be full, the corresponding time t in the state is the insulation monitoring time, and the voltage V collected by the unbalanced bridge at the time t is used as the effective voltage to participate in the insulation monitoring calculation.
As a further optimized solution of the present invention, in step S1, since the battery voltage fluctuates continuously during the running of the vehicle, in order to accurately monitor the change rate a, a linear regression algorithm is used to calculate the change rate a for the capacitance voltage V sampled for multiple times, and the steps include: after the switch K1 or K2 is actuated, the voltage is collected once every short enough time s, and fitting calculation is performed once every n times of continuous collection, so that the data collected n times can be fitted into a unitary equation V ═ a × t + b due to the short collection time, and then a is solved by using a linear regression algorithm.
As a further optimization of the invention, the sufficiently short time s is 50 ms.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, when the acquired capacitor voltage is more than 95% of the total voltage of the battery, the accuracy of the finally calculated leakage resistance can be ensured, so that the invention detects that the absolute value | a | of the change rate of the voltage to the time is less than or equal to the change rate of the capacitor voltage when the absolute value | a | of the change rate of the voltage to the time is 95% of the full-charge voltage, and the voltage on the capacitor is considered to reach 95% of the full-charge voltage. The capacitor at step S2 is about to be full at 95% of full voltage.
As a further optimized solution of the present invention, in step S2, the method for calculating the rate of change a ' between the voltage V ' and the time t ' when the capacitor is about to be fully charged is:
step S201, according to the relationship between the voltage V on the capacitor and the time t:
and (3) carrying out derivation on t:
in the formula, Vt is a voltage value on a capacitor in the unbalanced bridge circuit at the time t, U is total battery pressure, R is a parallel value of a detected leakage resistor and a measuring resistor in the circuit, and C is a capacitance value in the unbalanced bridge circuit;
step S202, according to the relation between the capacitor voltage and the time, when t is 3RC, the capacitor is 95% of the full-charge voltage, and the derivative value at the moment when t is 3RC is calculated
Step S203, calculating the change rate
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) according to the method, the waiting time is self-adapted through a specific algorithm, the waiting time is converted into a slope relation, the delay time of the traditional unbalanced bridge circuit during the process of measuring the leakage resistance can be accurately calibrated, the problems of large error or untimely detection caused by low accuracy of calibration time in the prior art are solved, and the leakage resistance value of the electric vehicle can be timely and accurately detected;
2) the insulation monitoring time is determined by slope comparison, so that the insulation monitoring time is related to the measured resistance or an unbalanced bridge (known quantity) and the total battery pressure U (measurable quantity), and the waiting time is shorter when the measured resistance is smaller;
3) the insulation monitoring time of the invention is irrelevant to the size of the Y capacitor, and the method is suitable for any vehicle type and does not need to know the size of the Y capacitor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an unbalanced bridge circuit for measuring leakage resistance;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the Y1 capacitor charging when the switch K2 is closed and K1 is open;
fig. 3 is a graph of the battery voltage V versus time t of the electric vehicle.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained below by combining the specific drawings.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an electric vehicle insulation monitoring time self-adaptive method, which is used for calibrating switch switching time delay time when a traditional unbalanced bridge circuit measures a leakage resistor as shown in fig. 1, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step S1, monitoring the change rate a of the capacitance voltage V and the time t of the electric automobile in real time
Because the battery voltage fluctuates continuously in the running process of the vehicle, in order to accurately monitor the change rate a, the change rate a is calculated by adopting a linear regression algorithm to the voltage V sampled for a plurality of times, and the method comprises the following steps:
after the switch K1 or K2 acts, voltage is collected every 50ms, fitting calculation is carried out every 5 times of continuous collection, and due to the fact that collection time is short, the 5 collected data can be fitted into a unitary equation V (a) t + b, in the equation, b is a constant, and a is solved by using a linear regression algorithm.
In this embodiment, the sampled capacitor voltages V ═ V1, V2, V3, V4, and V5, and the sampled relative times t ═ t1(0ms), t2(50ms), t3(100ms), t4(150ms), and t5(200ms), are solved by a linear regression algorithm:
in which ti is the ith orderThe time value of the moment of acquisition,
is the average value of 5 times t,
vi is the voltage value at the time of the ith acquisition,
is the average of 5 times V, i is 1,2,3,4, 5.
As shown in fig. 3, which is a graph of a change of a capacitor voltage V of an electric vehicle with time t, it can be seen from the graph that, in a charging process, the capacitor voltage V increases with the time t, and the increase rate is slower and slower, and a is smaller.
Step S2, determining the change rate a 'of the capacitor voltage at 95% of the full charge voltage'
When the acquired capacitor voltage is more than 95% of the total voltage of the battery, the accuracy of the finally calculated leakage resistance can be ensured, so that the absolute value | a | of the change rate of the capacitor voltage to time is detected to be less than or equal to the change rate of the capacitor voltage when the capacitor voltage is 95% of the full-charge voltage, and the voltage on the capacitor is considered to reach 95% of the full-charge voltage.
Because a ' is different due to different sizes of the leakage resistor to be detected and the Y capacitor, the minimum value of a ' can be calculated under the condition determined by the measuring circuit and is taken as the value of a ', and the calculating step comprises the following steps:
step S201, according to the relationship between the voltage V on the capacitor and the time t:
and (3) carrying out derivation on t:
in the formula, Vt is a voltage value on a capacitor in the unbalanced bridge circuit at the time t, U is total battery pressure, R is a parallel value of a detected leakage resistor and a measuring resistor in the circuit, and C is a capacitance value in the unbalanced bridge circuit;
in step S202, when t is 3RC, the voltage on the capacitor reaches 95% of the total battery voltage, and if it is ensured that the voltage on the capacitor can reach 95% of the total battery voltage under different leakage resistances and different Y capacitors, it is ensured that the derivative value at t is 3RC is the minimum, that is, the slope of the voltage rise is the minimum, and the derivative at t is 3RC is:
since the total cell pressure U is known, it is sufficient to ensure that RC is maximized.
Although RC is two unknown data, the larger the leakage current, the smaller R, and C is the Y capacitance on the vehicle, the RC maximum can be basically determined:
maximum value of R: when no leakage occurs, the capacitor is charged through the resistor in the measuring circuit, and when leakage occurs, the capacitor is charged in parallel with the leakage resistor through the resistor in the measuring resistor, so that the maximum value of R is the resistor in the measuring circuit, and in the embodiment, the resistor in the circuit is assumed to be 500k Ω.
Maximum value of C: the Y capacitor of the electric automobile fluctuates in a certain range and gradually becomes smaller as time goes on. Generally, the Y capacitance on the car does not exceed 1 uf.
Thus, the minimum rate of change of voltage at 95% of the total cell pressure is (in V/S): vt'. Thet＝3RC＝0.1U。
In step S203, since the sampling is performed by collecting the voltage every 50ms, the minimum change rate a' is (unit V/50 ms): a' is 0.005U.
Step S3, judging whether the voltage on the capacitor reaches 95% of the total voltage of the battery, namely judging whether the absolute value | a | of the voltage change rate calculated in real time in the step S1 is smaller than 0.005U, if so, considering that the voltage on the capacitor reaches 95% of the total voltage of the battery, and the acquired voltage can participate in insulation detection calculation; if | a | is greater than 0.005U, the acquisition of step S1 is continued until a is less than 0.005U.
The waiting time is converted into waiting through slope comparison, and the waiting time (insulation monitoring time) is related to R (known quantity) in a measuring circuit and total battery pressure U (measurable quantity) through a final calculation result, and is not related to the size of the Y capacitor.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (5)
1. An electric automobile insulation monitoring time self-adaptive method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, monitoring the change rate a of the capacitance voltage V and the time t of the electric automobile in real time;
step S2, calculating a change rate a ' of the capacitor voltage V and the time t when the capacitor is about to be fully charged, wherein the change rate a ' is the minimum change rate a ' of the capacitor voltage V and the time t when the capacitor is about to be fully charged;
step S3, when the absolute value | a | of the change rate of the capacitor voltage V of the electric vehicle and the time t is smaller than a', it indicates that the capacitor is about to be fully charged, and the corresponding time t in this state is the insulation monitoring time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step S1, a linear regression algorithm is used to calculate a change rate a for the capacitance voltage V sampled for a plurality of times, and the step includes: when the switch K1 or K2 acts, voltage is collected once every other short time s, fitting calculation is carried out once every n continuous collection times, the data collected at the n times are fitted into a unitary equation, and then a is solved by using a linear regression algorithm.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the sufficiently short time s is 50 ms.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the capacitor of step S2 is about to be fully charged is about 95% of full voltage of the capacitor.
5. The method for self-adapting the insulation monitoring time of the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein the calculation method of the change rate a ' of the voltage V ' when the capacitor is about to be fully charged and the time t ' comprises the following steps:
step S201, according to the relationship between the voltage V on the capacitor and the time t:
and (3) carrying out derivation on t:
in the formula, Vt is a voltage value on a capacitor in the unbalanced bridge circuit at the time t, U is total battery pressure, R is a parallel value of a detected leakage resistor and a measuring resistor in the circuit, and C is a capacitance value in the unbalanced bridge circuit;
step S202, according to the relation between the capacitor voltage and the time, when t is 3RC, the capacitor is 95% of the full-charge voltage, and the derivative value at the moment when t is 3RC is calculated
Step S203, calculating the change rate
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