CN110702903A - Use of specific lectins for producing a test tool for identifying a type of lung cancer and device - Google Patents
Use of specific lectins for producing a test tool for identifying a type of lung cancer and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110702903A CN110702903A CN201910876924.0A CN201910876924A CN110702903A CN 110702903 A CN110702903 A CN 110702903A CN 201910876924 A CN201910876924 A CN 201910876924A CN 110702903 A CN110702903 A CN 110702903A
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Abstract
The invention provides application of a specific lectin in preparing a test tool for identifying a lung cancer type and a device. For samples taken from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the specific lectins can be divided into two groups: group A contains PHA-E, EEL, BPL, GSL-II, VVA and PNA, and is used for determining whether the sample is from lung adenocarcinoma patient; group B contains PNA and MPL, and is used for determining whether the sample is from a patient with squamous cell lung carcinoma; if the subject is previously known to be a lung cancer patient, it can be concluded from the test results of group A and group B whether the sample is from a small cell lung cancer patient. The invention adopts bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as the object to be detected, and the sample is directly obtained from primary focus and adjacent tumor cells, so the sample has high organ specificity, can directly reflect the real condition of the body of a patient, and is safe and minimally invasive.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a technology for identifying lung cancer types based on glycoprotein glycoforms, in particular to application of specific lectins in manufacturing of test tools in the aspect and a corresponding device.
Background
Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, seriously harms human health, and has incidence and lethality in the top list of various malignant tumors. Reports of global cancer statistics in 2018 and incidence and mortality of chinese cancer in 2014 show that incidence and mortality of lung cancer account for 11.6% and 18.4% (global), 20% and 27.3% (chinese) of the population of patients with total cancer.
Lung cancer can be generally classified into Non-Small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC). NSCLC mainly includes lung Adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung Squamous carcinoma (SCC) depending on the pathological characteristics. The occult nature of clinical symptoms in the early stages of lung cancer results in the disease progressing to an advanced stage when most (57%) patients visit the clinic. Due to late diagnosis, the overall survival rate of the lung cancer is low, and according to statistics, the overall 5-year survival rate of the lung cancer in China is only 16.1%. The current methods applied to clinical lung cancer diagnosis mainly comprise imaging, histopathology and serology index examination, but have the problems of low detectable rate, high false positive rate, large material taking difficulty or low diagnosis efficiency and the like due to different degrees, so that the clinical practical application effect is not ideal, and particularly the early diagnosis value is limited. The bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) technology is developed on the basis of the application of a fiber bronchoscope in recent years, and opens up a new way for the diagnosis and the curative effect observation of respiratory system lesions. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples for respiratory system disease diagnosis are obtained by lung segment and sub-lung segment lavage, cytological samples which cannot be detected by the fiber bronchoscope can be obtained, and the detection rate of cancer cells is improved. The tumor marker is some chemical active substances secreted and generated by tumor cells in the processes of generation and development, and can be secreted and released in body fluid through the tumor cells, and the tumor marker substantially reflects the existence of the tumor. The early appearance and high concentration of tumor markers in BALF was thought to be due to lung cancer cell secretion and the breakdown of the metabolites into the bronchoalveolar and then the blood circulation, and was a specimen obtained from the primary lesion. At present, clinical traditional tumor markers in BALF of lung cancer patients are researched, and the detection sensitivity and specificity of the tumor markers are considered to be higher than those of serological detection and are widely applied clinically.
Glycosylation modification of proteins is widely present in various organisms and is an important post-translational modification. It has been found that the formation of aberrant glycosylation is a key feature of malignant transformation in tumor cells, reflecting cellular epigenetic inheritance and aberrant expression of genes involved in polysaccharide biosynthesis. Pathological tissues have glycosylation changes such as a change in the branching type of N-sugar chains, isomeric fucosylation, sialylation, etc., to a higher degree than healthy tissues, and they are all used as biological indicators of the occurrence of a certain disease. Abnormal expression of tumor glycosylation is not random, but occurs in a common glycosylation pattern, in which alterations in fucosylation of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) have a high sensitivity for detecting high-risk liver cancer. Therefore, the related glycoprotein is used for accurately diagnosing some potential diseases which can be developed into cancer, and can be popularized and applied to the discovery of the sugar chain related biomarker. Many abnormal glycosylations have been found in lung cancer, including changes in expression, glycosylation of mucin, changes in the type of N-sugar chain branching, increase in sialylation on proteins or glycolipids, etc., but these studies have been mostly focused on tissues or sera of lung cancer patients. On the premise of ensuring specificity and sensitivity, it is very important to use samples which are low in trauma and easy to obtain as much as possible and expand research and development work of more sample types.
The lectin chip is used as a microarray technology, is one of the most effective analysis tools for researching glycoprotein sugar chain structural change by virtue of the advantages of high flux, high repeatability, detection micro-quantity, high sensitivity, wide applicability and the like, can be used for rapidly and highly sensitively analyzing and identifying sugar chains by directly using trace original samples, and reflects the truest condition of the glycoprotein sugar chains in the samples.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention finally establishes that specific agglutinin (combination) can be used for determining the type of lung cancer suffered by the subject aiming at the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as the object to be detected through a large amount of experiments and analysis. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
group a specific lectins (optionally any one or any combination of the following lectins): PHA-E, EEL, BPL, GSL-II, VVA, PNA;
when the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins PHA-E, EEL and BPL are obviously reduced and the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins GSL-II, VVA and PNA are obviously increased, judging that the sample is from the lung adenocarcinoma patient; otherwise, the sample is judged to be from benign lung lesion or squamous cell lung carcinoma patient.
Group B specific lectins: PNA and/or MPL;
when the sugar chain structure recognized by the lectin PNA is significantly reduced, judging that the sample is from a squamous cell lung carcinoma patient; otherwise, judging that the sample is from the lung adenocarcinoma or small cell lung cancer patient; when the sugar chain structure recognized by the lectin MPL is significantly reduced, judging that the sample is from a lung squamous carcinoma patient; otherwise, the sample is judged to be from benign lung lesion or small cell lung cancer patient.
If the subject is not determined to be a lung cancer patient in advance, the specific lectin in group C can be used for auxiliary judgment; group C specific lectins (which may be selected from any one or any combination of the following lectins): MAL-II, RCA120, ECA, HHL, GSL-I, DBA, DSA, AAL;
when the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins MAL-II, RCA120, ECA and HHL are obviously up-regulated, and the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins GSL-I, DBA, DSA and AAL are obviously down-regulated, judging that the sample is from a benign lung disease (BPD) patient; on the other hand, the sample is judged to be from a lung cancer patient, and if the sample is judged not to be from a lung adenocarcinoma patient or a lung squamous carcinoma patient according to A, B two groups of agglutinins, the sample is predicted to be from a small cell lung cancer patient.
If the subject is known to be a lung cancer patient in advance, it can be directly presumed whether the sample is from a small cell lung cancer patient; the test results for group C specific lectins are actually also a validation of the test results for A, B groups of lectins.
The test means (carrier) is preferably a lectin chip, and may be an microplate, magnetic particles, or the like.
As an example of the lectin chip: the lectin chip is prepared by fixing various lectins from different sources on a glass sheet base which is subjected to hydroformylation, epoxidation or other modification, and reacting with labeled glycoprotein, thallus and cells to be detected to detect the sugar chain structure of a sample to be detected.
Taking epoxy magnetic particles as an example: synthesis of Fe3O4The magnetic fine particles are then modified with a silylating agent to obtain epoxidized magnetic fine particles. The synthesized epoxidized magnetic fine particles are used for immobilization of proteins such as lectins.
The invention can rapidly detect the glycoprotein sugar chain structure which is differentially expressed through the specific lectin, and determine whether the subject has a lung adenocarcinoma patient (ADC), a lung squamous carcinoma (SCC) or a small cell lung cancer patient (SCLC).
Compared with the traditional blood sample, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is a sample directly obtained from a primary focus and adjacent tumor cells, has high organ specificity, can directly reflect the real condition of the body of a patient, is safe and minimally invasive, and can be widely applied to screening and diagnosis of clinical lung related diseases.
Based on the invention, the lectin can be selected to produce test tools such as lectin chips and the like, and the test cost is reduced to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample array diagram of a lectin chip, wherein the chip used in the experiment comprises 37 lectins, 2 negative quality control BSA and 1 positive quality control Marker. There were four repeat regions per chip, each region repeating 3 times for each lectin, i.e. each region was composed of a12 x 10 microarray.
FIG. 2 shows the fluorescence detection results of bronchoalveolar lavage lectin chips of each patient, wherein each graph corresponds to benign lung disease (BPD), adenocarcinoma of lung (ADC), squamous carcinoma of lung (SCC), Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), benign lung disease (BPD), early lung cancer (LC-ES), and late lung cancer (LC-AS).
FIG. 3 is a graph of normalized data for differential lectin individual chip fluorescence signals in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from each patient (BPD, ADC, SCC, SCLC).
FIG. 4 is a graph of normalized data for differential lectin sample chip fluorescence signals in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from each patient (BPD, LC-ES, LC-AS).
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the lectin blotting validation results of three groups of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mixed samples, BPD, LC-ES and LC-AS. Wherein (a) is a silver staining result picture of SDS-PAGE, (b) is a lectin blotting picture of lectin RCA120, and (c) is a grey value analysis picture of protein bands with obvious difference.
Detailed Description
The following describes the relevant verification experiments and analyses of the present application, and the specific development process of the inventors is not limited thereto; the specific embodiments presented are not intended to limit the present application.
The present application screens 37 lectins (as shown in table 1) for lectin probes for the identification of lung cancer patients.
TABLE 137 lectin names
The reagent materials mainly used in the application are shown in table 2, and other common reagents are all in domestic analytical purity level; the instruments and equipment are shown in table 3, and other common instruments and equipment are made in China.
TABLE 2 reagents and materials used in the experiments
TABLE 3 instruments and apparatus used in the experiment
1. Study population and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid Collection
Eligible lung cancer patients cannot suffer from other diseases at the same time, and all patients are initially diagnosed, i.e. no treatment measures are taken. Hospital professionals collect bronchoscopically benign lung lesion (BPD), Adenocarcinoma (ADC), squamous carcinoma (SCC), and Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC) bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples from patients (as shown in table 4). There were a total of 281 samples, and 46 samples that were not staged were removed when staging studies were performed.
The sample collection process is prepared before operation, then all patients are inserted by a fiberbronchoscope through the nose, the left bronchus and the right bronchus are checked firstly, the distal end of the fiberbronchoscope is wedged at the opening of the segmental bronchus where the lesion is located according to the lesion part displayed by the CT of the chest of the patient, the right middle lobe or the left tongue lobe is washed when the lesion is diffused, warm physiological saline with the temperature of 37 ℃ is injected for 10 to 15 ml/time, the lavage is performed for 2 times, the lavage fluid is sucked up as far as possible under the negative pressure of 13kPa, and about 10 to 15ml of alveolar lavage fluid is collected in a sterile tube.
Table 4 sample information summary table
Note: BPD, benign lesions of the lung; ADC, lung adenocarcinoma; SCC, squamous cell carcinoma of the lung; SCLC, small cell lung cancer; x, not staging; LD, local limit; ED, extensive period.
2. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein processing and fluorescent labeling
Centrifuging the collected bronchoalveolar lavage fluid at 4000rpm and 4 ℃ for 20min, collecting supernatant, concentrating, desalting and purifying the supernatant through an amicon ultra-43 KD filter membrane, adding a protease inhibitor into the supernatant at a concentration of 1ul/ml, quantifying the protein concentration of the sample by a Brandford method, subpackaging, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ or transporting by dry ice. Samples of each example were labeled with Cy3 fluorochrome and free fluorescence was removed using Sephadex G-25 desalting column, and the collected fluorescently labeled bronchoalveolar lavage fluid protein was used for lectin chip incubation. In addition, 100. mu.l of each of the collected samples was mixed in accordance with benign lung disease (BPD) group, early lung cancer (LC-ES) group and late lung cancer (LC-AS) group, and the mixed samples were used in the lectin blotting experiment.
3. Lectin chip and data analysis thereof
The preparation of the lectin chip, the incubation step of the Cy3 fluorescence labeled sample protein and the lectin chip, and the data acquisition and normalization analysis of the lectin chip are consistent with the lectin chip and the data analysis process described in the patent application No. 201110021447.3 invention patent.
4. Lectin blot and data analysis thereof
The protein concentration of a mixed sample of three groups of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, namely BPD, LC-ES and LC-AS, is quantified by a Bradford method, a sample containing 5 mu g of protein is mixed with 5 Xloading buffer solution, the mixture is placed in boiling water at 100 ℃ for heating in a water bath for 5min to completely denature the mixture, and then the mixture is immediately cooled on ice and centrifuged. 3% of concentrated gel and 10% of polyacrylamide separation gel are prepared for protein electrophoresis. And dyeing the gel after electrophoresis by adopting a silver dyeing method, on one hand, knowing the molecular weight and abundance distribution of the proteins in the three groups of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid mixed samples, and on the other hand, detecting whether the protein concentration quantification is accurate or not, and proving whether the protein loading amount for the subsequent lectin blotting experiment is consistent or not. And performing SDS-PAGE electrophoresis on 25 mu g of sample protein, transferring the protein onto the PVDF membrane by using a wet converter, sealing the PVDF membrane for 1h by using a Carbo-free reagent, adding Cy5 fluorescence-labeled lectin to the final concentration of 2 mu g/mL, and shaking overnight at 4 ℃ in a dark place. After incubation, the PVDF membrane is washed by TBST buffer solution for 10min in a dark condition for four times, then the parameter PMT is set to be 800 on a Storm 840 multifunctional image analyzer, the image is scanned with high resolution and excitation light wavelength of 635nm, and the lectin-protein band gray value of the image is analyzed by ImageJ software.
5. Lectin chip result analysis
(1) Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid glycoprotein glycoforms among patients with benign lung lesions, patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung, patients with squamous carcinoma of the lung, and patients with small cell lung carcinoma
Lectin chips are used for detecting bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples of benign lung lesion patients, lung adenocarcinoma patients, lung squamous carcinoma patients and small cell lung cancer patients respectively (see figure 2), chip data are obtained through professional software and normalized, and then results of four groups of sample lectin chips are compared (see figure 3).
As a result, it was found that, in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid sample, the 8 lectin-recognized sugar chains were differentially expressed in the benign lung disease patient (BPD) compared with the three types of lung cancer patients; there were no significant differences between the three types of lung cancer patients. Wherein the Sia α 2-3Gal β 1-4Glc (NAc)/Glc, Sia α 2-3Gal, Sia α 2-3, and Sia α 2-3GalNAc sugar chains recognized by MAL-II; beta-Gal, Gal beta-1, 4GlcNAc (type II) and Gal beta 1-3GlcNAc (type I) sugar chains identified by RCA 120; gal β -1,4GlcNAc (type II) and Gal β 1-3GlcNAc (type I) sugar chains recognized by ECA; HHL-recognized High-Mannose, Man alpha 1-3Man, Man alpha 1-6Man and Man5-GlcNAc2-Asn sugar chain structures are expressed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of BPD patients more than that of lung cancer patients, and in contrast, GSL-I recognized alpha GalNAc, alpha Gal, anti-A and B sugar chains; alpha GalNAc, Tn antigen and GalNAc alpha 1-3((Fuc alpha 1-2)) Gal (blood group A antigen) sugar chains recognized by DBA; fuc α 1-6GlcNAc (coreFucose) recognized by AAL, and Fuc α 1-3(Gal β 1-4) GlcNAc sugar chains; the beta-D-GlcNA, (GlcNAc beta 1-4) n, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc sugar chain structure identified by DSA is increased in the expression level of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of different types of lung cancer.
The 5 lectin-recognized sugar chains were differentially expressed in ADC compared with those in BPD and SCC patients, but were not significantly different from those in SCLC patients. Wherein the PHA-E recognizes Bisecting GlcNAc, biantennary complex-type N-glycan with outer Gal sugar chain; the sugar chain of Gal alpha 1-3(Fuc alpha 1-2) Gal (blood group B antigen) recognized by EEL; the expression level of Gal beta 1-3GalNAc, Terminal GalNAc sugar chain structure identified by BPL in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ADC patients is higher than that of BPD and SCC patients; and GlcNAc and arabinosylated tri/tetra antryglycerans sugar chains and terminal GalNAc, GalNAc alpha-Ser/Thr (Tn), GalNAc alpha 1-3Gal sugar chain structures recognized by the lectins GSL-II and VVA respectively are highly expressed in the ADC.
The lectin PNA recognizes Gal beta 1-3GalNAc alpha-Ser/Thr (T) sugar chains which are highly expressed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of ADC patients compared with BPD and SCC patients, and are less expressed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of SCC patients compared with ADC and SCLC patients.
In addition, the Gal beta 1-3GalNAc and GalNAc sugar chain structure recognized by MPL lectin is lower in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of SCC patients than BPD and SCLC patients, and has no significant difference with the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid expression of ADC patients.
(2) Comparison of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid glycoprotein glycoforms in patients with benign lung disease, patients with early lung cancer, and patients with advanced lung cancer
The collected samples are further grouped according to benign lung disease (BPD) patients, early lung cancer patients (LC-ES, stage I/II of non-small cell lung cancer and limited stage of small cell lung cancer), late lung cancer patients (LC-AS, stage III/IV of non-small cell lung cancer and extensive stage of small cell lung cancer), the three groups of sample bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples are detected by using lectin chips (see figure 2), chip data are obtained through professional software and normalized, and the results of the three groups of sample lectin chips are compared (see figure 4).
As a result, it was found that the sugar chains recognized by 6 kinds of lectins were differentially expressed in BPD compared with bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer patients at different stages, but were not significantly different from one another. Wherein the RCA120 recognizes β -Gal, Gal β -1,4GlcNAc (type II) and Gal β 1-3GlcNAc (type I) sugar chains; the Sia α 2-3Gal β 1-4Glc (NAc)/Glc, Sia α 2-3Gal, Sia α 2-3, and Sia α 2-3GalNAc sugar chains recognized by MAL-II; EEL-recognized FGal α 1-3(Fuc α 1-2) Gal (blood group B antigen) sugar chain; the expression level of the PHA-E-recognized BisectingGlcNAc, biantennary complex-type N-glycan with outer Gal carbohydrate chain structure in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patient with early lung cancer or the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patient with late lung cancer is lower than that in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patient with BPD; in contrast, α GalNAc, Tn antigen and GalNAc α 1-3((Fuc α 1-2)) gal (blood group a antigen) sugar chains recognized by DBA; fuc alpha 1-6GlcNAc (core fuse) and Fuc alpha 1-3(Gal beta 1-4) GlcNAc sugar chain structures recognized by AAL are expressed in higher levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of lung cancer at different periods.
The expression level of sugar chains identified by 4 lectins in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with early lung cancer is remarkably reduced compared with that of BPD and groups with late lung cancer, namely Gal, blood group H and T-antigen sugar chains identified by PTL-II; LCA-recognized alpha-D-Man, Fuc alpha-1, 6GlcNAc, alpha-D-Glc sugar chains and SJA-recognized alpha GalNAc, alpha Gal, anti-A and terminal in GalNAc and Gal, anti-A and anti-B human blood group sugar chains; WFA identified tertiary in GalNAc α/β 1-3/6Gal sugar chain structure. While the expression level of the multi-equivalent Sia and (GlcNAc) n sugar chain structure recognized by WGA lectin is significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients in early stage of lung cancer.
Lectin PWM-recognized branched (LacNAc) n sugar chains are low in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with advanced lung cancer compared with BPD and early lung cancer, while lectin VVA-recognized terminal GalNAc, GalNAc alpha-Ser/Thr (Tn) and GalNAc alpha 1-3Gal sugar chains are high in patients with advanced lung cancer.
There are 1 other lectins GSL-I, which recognize α GalNAc, α Gal, anti-A and B sugar chain structure and gradually increase the expression level with the progress of the patient's condition.
6. Lectin blot validation results
To further verify the results of the BPD, LC-ES, and LC-AS bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lectin chips, specific lectins were selected for performing the lectin blotting experiments, AS shown in fig. 5, using lectin RCA120 AS an example, Cy5 fluorescence labeled RCA120 was incubated with the membrane-transfected proteins of the three bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and the results of scanning with a scanner and measuring the gray scale of the fluorescence bands showed that the binding signals of RCA120 to the proteins with molecular weights of 85kDa, 52-60kDa, and 45kDa in the LC-ES and LC-AS bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were lower than the binding signals to the proteins with corresponding molecular weights in the BPD bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and the results were consistent with the lectin chip results.
7. Determination of lectin Probe set
Through the result analysis, lectin probes for screening different types and stages of lung cancer are determined, and the expression is up-regulated; ↓ is expression down regulation; no significant difference.
(1) Determination of different types of Lung cancer lectin Probe sets
If bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of benign lung patients is used as a control standard, the expression results of the lectin probes different from those of lung cancer patients are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 lectin probes for differentiating benign lung lesions from adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma
Such tests naturally forego healthy populations since it is usually necessary for patients with lung lesions to leave bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for sample testing. Thus, the panel of lectin probes can be used to identify whether a subject has lung cancer (including lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, small cell lung cancer patients).
If the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with lung adenocarcinoma is taken as a control standard, the lectin probe expression results of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patient with lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma are shown in the table 6.
TABLE 6 lectin probes for differentiating patients with lung adenocarcinoma from benign lesions in the lung and patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma
If the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with squamous cell lung carcinoma is taken as a control standard, the lectin probe expression results of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patient with lung benign lesion, lung adenocarcinoma and small cells are shown in the table 7.
TABLE 7 lectin probes for differentiating squamous cell lung carcinoma patients from benign lesions in the lung, adenocarcinoma of the lung and small cell lung carcinoma patients
(2) Identification of differential staging Lung cancer lectin Probe sets
If the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a benign lung lesion patient is taken as a control standard, the lectin probe expression results of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of different stages of lung cancer patients are shown in the table 8.
TABLE 8 lectin probes for differentiating patients with benign lung lesions from patients with early and late lung cancer
If bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with early lung cancer is taken as a control standard, the lectin probe expression results of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patients with benign lung diseases and patients with late lung cancer are shown in Table 9.
TABLE 9 lectin probes for differentiating early lung cancer patients from benign lesions in the lung and patients with advanced lung cancer
If bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with advanced lung cancer is taken as a control standard, the lectin probe expression results of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the patients with benign lung diseases and patients with early lung cancer are shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10 lectin probes for differentiating patients with advanced lung cancer from benign lesions in the lung and patients with early lung cancer
The application adopts the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as the object to be detected, compared with the traditional blood sample, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid has high organ specificity because the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid is a sample directly obtained from a primary focus and adjacent tumor cells, can directly reflect the real condition of the body of a patient, is safe and minimally invasive, and can be widely applied to screening and diagnosis of clinical lung related diseases. Based on the application, the lectin can be selected to produce test tools such as lectin chips and the like, and the test cost is reduced to a certain extent.
Claims (6)
1. Use of a specific lectin in the manufacture of a test tool for identifying a type of lung cancer, characterized in that: the specific lectin is at least one of the following groups of lectins for a sample taken from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid;
the A group agglutinin is any one or any combination of the following agglutinin: PHA-E, EEL, BPL, GSL-II, VVA, PNA;
when the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins PHA-E, EEL and BPL are obviously reduced and the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins GSL-II, VVA and PNA are obviously increased, judging that the sample is from the lung adenocarcinoma patient; otherwise, judging that the sample is from benign lung lesion or squamous cell lung carcinoma patient;
the B group lectin is PNA and/or MPL;
when the sugar chain structure recognized by the lectin PNA is significantly reduced, judging that the sample is from a squamous cell lung carcinoma patient; otherwise, judging that the sample is from the lung adenocarcinoma or small cell lung cancer patient; when the sugar chain structure recognized by the lectin MPL is significantly reduced, judging that the sample is from a lung squamous carcinoma patient; otherwise, the sample is judged to be from benign lung lesion or small cell lung cancer patient.
2. Use according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific agglutinin also comprises group C agglutinin, which is used for combining A, B two groups of agglutinin for auxiliary judgment or verification; group C lectins are any one or any combination of the following lectins: MAL-II, RCA120, ECA, HHL, GSL-I, DBA, DSA, AAL;
when the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins MAL-II, RCA120, ECA and HHL are obviously up-regulated, and the sugar chain structures identified by the lectins GSL-I, DBA, DSA and AAL are obviously down-regulated, judging that the sample is from a benign lung disease (BPD) patient; on the other hand, the sample is judged to be from a lung cancer patient, and if the sample is judged not to be from a lung adenocarcinoma patient or a lung squamous carcinoma patient according to A, B two groups of agglutinins, the sample is predicted to be from a small cell lung cancer patient.
3. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the test tool is a lectin chip.
4. An apparatus for lung cancer type screening, early diagnosis, risk assessment, drug screening and/or efficacy assessment for a sample taken from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, comprising:
A. an apparatus for obtaining an expression level of a specific glycoprotein sugar chain structure corresponding to the specific lectin recited in claim 1 or 2;
B. a label, module or processor for discriminating whether said specific glycoprotein carbohydrate chain structure is significantly up/down regulated.
5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the device for obtaining the expression level of the sugar chain structure of the specific glycoprotein comprises a lectin chip, an incubation box and a biochip scanning system, wherein the lectin chip is provided with the corresponding specific lectin.
6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein: the markers, modules or processors are pre-recorded with reference values corresponding to benign lung lesions (BPD), lung Adenocarcinoma (ADC), lung squamous carcinoma (SCC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) for determining whether to significantly up/down regulate in comparison to sample results.
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