CN110702580A - Compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy - Google Patents
Compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy is characterized by obtaining compact sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution data based on a constant-speed mercury-pressing experiment, and drawing a compact sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution frequency spectrogram; according to the real oil reservoir characteristics of the oil field, establishing a pore and throat radius distribution interval division standard; calculating the information entropy of different pores and throat radius intervals, the pore uniformity and the throat uniformity based on an information entropy theory; calculating the integral distribution uniformity of the pores of the compact sandstone reservoir and the integral distribution uniformity of the throats based on the percentage of the total frequency of the pores and throats in each interval to the total frequency of the pores and throats obtained by the rock sample test; determining the weight of the pore and throat according to the dispersion degree of the pore and throat, so as to calculate the pore and throat joint uniformity of the tight sandstone reservoir, and quantitatively representing the heterogeneity of the microscopic pore and throat structure of the tight sandstone reservoir; the method can accurately and reliably quantitatively characterize the pore throat heterogeneity of the tight sandstone reservoir.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of reservoir analysis, in particular to a compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy.
Background
In the aspect of reservoir heterogeneity characterization parameters, parameters such as a breakthrough coefficient, a variation coefficient, a sorting coefficient, a mean value coefficient and the like are mainly applied, and the reservoir heterogeneity characterization parameters are characterized through a large amount of test data.
For conventional reservoirs, the pore, throat separation factor (S) is typically usedp) To characterize the heterogeneity of the micro-pore structure of the measured core sample, see the formula<1>。
In the formula, ri-representing a certain interval of pore throat radius, μm, in the pore throat radius distribution function;
ΔSi-corresponds to riMercury saturation, fractional number, of a certain interval;
-represents pore throat radius mean, μm;
compared with the conventional reservoir, the compact reservoir has the characteristics of small pore throat size and low discrete degree, the pore radius and the throat radius of the compact reservoir can be intensively distributed in a certain narrower numerical value interval, and r ismAnd riThe difference is not large, so that the separation coefficient of the pores and the throats is close to 0, the size distribution of the pores and the throats can be roughly and qualitatively considered to be uniform, and the method is contradictory to the essential characteristics of a compact sandstone reservoir, such as complex microscopic pore structure and strong heterogeneity.
Obviously, the pore and throat sorting coefficients cannot accurately reflect the heterogeneity of the micro-pore structure of the compact sandstone reservoir. In fact, in the reservoir space of the tight sandstone reservoir, the pore throat distribution in different pore throat intervals has certain difference. Therefore, the method for quantitatively representing the micro-scale heterogeneity of the pore throats of the tight sandstone reservoir is a key link for faithfully and quantitatively representing the influence of the micro-pore throat structure and the heterogeneity of the tight sandstone reservoir on the occurrence characteristics of the fluid.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy, which can accurately and reliably quantitatively characterize the compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring experimental data of mercury inlet pressure and mercury inlet volume of a compact sandstone reservoir based on a constant-speed mercury pressing experiment;
processing the experimental data to obtain compact sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution data;
step three, drawing a tight sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution frequency spectrogram;
step four, intercepting and processing the distribution interval of the pore and throat radius;
calculating information entropies of different pore and throat radius intervals, namely micro-scale pore radius entropy and micro-scale throat radius entropy;
step six, calculating the pore uniformity and throat uniformity of the compact sandstone reservoir in different scale intervals;
step seven, calculating the integral distribution uniformity of the pores of the compact sandstone reservoir and the integral distribution uniformity of the throats;
and step eight, calculating the pore-throat joint uniformity of the compact sandstone reservoir.
Further, the concrete implementation steps of the step five include:
(1) on the basis of intercepting the pore and throat radius distribution interval obtained in the fourth step, taking a certain pore and throat radius distribution interval as an object, assuming that the certain pore and throat radius distribution interval comprises m pores or throats, normalizing the frequency of the occurrence of different pore and throat radii, and generating a sequence zi,i＝1,2,3,…,m；
(2) Calculating the information entropy of different pore and throat radius intervals, namely the microscale pore radius entropy and the microscale throat radius entropy according to a formula <2> for the sequence generated each time, and quantitatively representing the microscale heterogeneity of pore throat distribution of the compact sandstone reservoir;
wherein z isiThe standard value of the occurrence frequency of the ith pore and throat radius in the interval of the pore and throat radius is obtained; within a certain pore or throat interval, when the occurrence frequencies of different pore and throat radii are the same, namely z1＝z2＝…＝zmWhen the entropy value H is 1/M, the entropy value H reaches a maximum value ln M, which indicates that the pore and throat size distribution reaches a uniform state in the pore or throat interval.
Further, the specific implementation steps of the sixth step include:
in practical application, due to the fact that the number of pores and throats contained in each pore and throat interval is different, the divided pore and throat intervals may be different, the information entropy of the size distribution of the radius of the pores and the throats is often lack of comparability, a dimensionless parameter (J) -the pore uniformity or the throat uniformity is introduced to quantitatively represent the pore and throat uniformity of the compact sandstone reservoir in different scale intervals, and the calculation is as shown in a formula <3 >:
further, the specific implementation steps of the seventh step include:
(1) assuming that N pore and throat radius intervals are divided in the fourth step, and the total occurrence frequency of pores and throats in each interval is Qi(i＝1，2，…，N)；
(2) According to the formula <4 >:
calculating the percentage of the total frequency of the pores and the throats in each interval to the total frequency of the pores and the throats obtained by the rock sample test;
(3) according to the formula <5 >:
the uniform degree of the overall distribution of the pores and the uniform degree of the overall distribution of the throats are calculated, and the number of the pores and the throats contained in the intervals of the pores and the throats is equal, namely P1＝P2＝…＝PnAt 1/N, the entropy value reaches a maximum value ln N, indicating that the rock pore throat size distribution reaches a uniform state.
Further, the specific implementation steps of the step eight include:
(1) according to the formula <6 >:
hj＝1-Mj,j＝1,2<6>
to calculate the dispersion degree h of the pores and the throatjIn general, the dispersion degree of the porosity and throat of the j index depends on hjThe more dispersed the pore and throat value distribution of the jth index is, the corresponding hjThe larger the value is, the higher the importance of the porosity and throat of the j index is;
(2) according to the formula <7 >:
determining the weight of j index pores and throats in all n index pores and throats;
(3) the pore overall distribution uniformity degree and the throat overall distribution uniformity degree are combined to generate the pore-throat joint uniformity (I), namely:
I＝W1M1+W2M2<8>
the method is used for quantitatively representing the heterogeneity of the microscopic pore throat structure of the compact sandstone reservoir.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention provides a compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity quantitative characterization method based on information entropy, which provides technical support for faithful and quantitative characterization of compact sandstone reservoir microscopic pore throat structures and influences of heterogeneity on occurrence characteristics of fluids;
(2) based on the essential characteristics of complex micro-pore structure and strong heterogeneity of a compact sandstone reservoir, the invention fully considers that the distribution characteristics of inner pore throats in different pore throat intervals have certain difference, and further advances the characterization precision of the reservoir heterogeneity to the quantitative characterization of the pore and throat microscale heterogeneity;
(3) the invention adopts different pore and throat radius distribution characteristics partition standards for different oil reservoirs. The practicability of the pore throat heterogeneity representation result is fully considered, and the method has great research significance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a pore throat heterogeneity characterization method for a tight sandstone reservoir provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention discloses a tight sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method, which is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
step one, acquiring experimental data of mercury inlet pressure and mercury inlet volume of a compact sandstone reservoir based on a constant-speed mercury pressing experiment;
processing the experimental data to obtain compact sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution data;
step three, drawing a tight sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution frequency spectrogram;
step four, intercepting and processing the distribution interval of the pore and throat radius; establishing a pore and throat radius distribution interval division standard according to the real oil reservoir characteristics of the oil field; different oil reservoirs can adopt different pore and throat radius distribution intervals to divide the standard;
step five, (1) on the basis of intercepting the pore and throat radius distribution interval obtained in the step four, taking a certain pore and throat radius distribution interval as an object, assuming that the certain pore and throat radius distribution interval comprises m pores or throats, normalizing the frequencies of different pore and throat radii, andgenerating a sequence zi,i＝1,2,3,…,m；
(2) Calculating the information entropy of different pore and throat radius intervals, namely the microscale pore radius entropy and the microscale throat radius entropy according to the formula <2> of the sequence generated each time, and quantitatively representing the microscale heterogeneity of pore throat distribution of the compact sandstone reservoir;
wherein z isiThe standard value of the occurrence frequency of the ith pore and throat radius in the interval of the pore and throat radius is shown. Within a certain pore or throat interval, when the occurrence frequencies of different pore and throat radii are the same, namely z1＝z2＝…＝zmWhen the entropy value is 1/M, the entropy value reaches the maximum value ln M, which indicates that the pore and throat size distribution reaches a uniform state in the pore or throat interval;
step six, in practical application, because the number of pores and throats contained in each pore and throat interval is different, the divided pore and throat intervals may be different, and the information entropy of the size distribution of the pore and throat radius often lacks comparability; introducing a dimensionless parameter J, namely pore uniformity or throat uniformity, for quantitatively representing the uniformity of pore throat distribution of the compact sandstone reservoir in different scales, wherein the dimensionless parameter J is calculated as a formula <3 >:
step seven, (1) assuming that the step four divides the radius intervals of N pores and throats, and the total occurrence frequency of the pores and the throats in each interval is Qi(i-1, 2, …, N) according to the formula<4>Calculating the percentage of the total frequency of the pores and the throats in each interval to the total frequency of the pores and the throats obtained by the rock sample test;
(2) calculating the uniformity of the overall distribution of pores and throats according to a formula <5 >;
when the number of the pores and the throats in each pore and throat interval is equal, P is1＝P2＝…＝ PnWhen the entropy value is 1/N, the entropy value reaches a maximum value ln N, which indicates that the pore throat size distribution of the rock reaches a uniform state;
step eight, (1) according to a formula<6>Calculating the dispersion degree (h) of pores and throatsj)；
hj＝1-Mj,j＝1,2<6>
In general, the degree of dispersion of the j-th index (pore, throat) depends on hjThe more dispersed the value distribution of the jth index (pore, throat), the corresponding hjThe larger the value is, the higher the importance of the j index (pore, throat) is;
(2) determining the weight of the jth index (pore, throat) in all n indexes (pore, throat) according to the formula <7 >;
(3) combining the uniformity of the overall distribution of pores and throats to generate pore-throat joint uniformity (I) for quantitatively representing the heterogeneity of the microscopic pore throat structure of the compact sandstone reservoir, wherein the calculation is as the formula <8 >:
I＝W1M1+W2M2<8>。
Claims (5)
1. a compact sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, acquiring experimental data of mercury inlet pressure and mercury inlet volume of a compact sandstone reservoir based on a constant-speed mercury pressing experiment;
processing the experimental data to obtain compact sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution data;
step three, drawing a tight sandstone reservoir pore and throat radius distribution frequency spectrogram;
step four, intercepting and processing the distribution interval of the pore and throat radius;
calculating information entropies of different pore and throat radius intervals, namely micro-scale pore radius entropy and micro-scale throat radius entropy;
step six, calculating the pore uniformity and throat uniformity of the compact sandstone reservoir in different scale intervals;
step seven, calculating the integral distribution uniformity of the pores of the compact sandstone reservoir and the integral distribution uniformity of the throats;
and step eight, calculating the pore-throat joint uniformity of the compact sandstone reservoir.
2. The tight sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy of claim 1, wherein the concrete implementation steps of the fifth step comprise:
(1) on the basis of intercepting the pore and throat radius distribution interval obtained in the fourth step, taking a certain pore and throat radius distribution interval as an object, assuming that the certain pore and throat radius distribution interval comprises m pores or throats, normalizing the frequency of the occurrence of different pore and throat radii, and generating a sequence zi,i＝1,2,3,…,m；
(2) Calculating the information entropy of different pore and throat radius intervals, namely the microscale pore radius entropy and the microscale throat radius entropy according to a formula <2> for the sequence generated each time, and quantitatively representing the microscale heterogeneity of pore throat distribution of the compact sandstone reservoir;
wherein z isiThe standard value of the occurrence frequency of the ith pore and throat radius in the interval of the pore and throat radius is obtained; within a certain pore or throat interval, when the occurrence frequencies of different pore and throat radii are the same, namely z1＝z2＝…＝zmAt 1/M, the entropy value H reaches a maximum value of lnM, indicating that the pore and throat size distribution is uniform within the pore or throat region.
3. The tight sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy of claim 1, wherein the sixth specific implementation step comprises:
in practical application, due to the fact that the number of pores and throats contained in each pore and throat interval is different, the divided pore and throat intervals may be different, the information entropy of the size distribution of the radius of the pores and the throats is often lack of comparability, a dimensionless parameter (J) -the pore uniformity or the throat uniformity is introduced to quantitatively represent the pore and throat uniformity of the compact sandstone reservoir in different scale intervals, and the calculation is as shown in a formula <3 >:
4. the tight sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy of claim 1, wherein the seventh step comprises the following specific implementation steps:
(1) assuming that N pore and throat radius intervals are divided in the fourth step, and the total occurrence frequency of pores and throats in each interval is Qi(i＝1，2，…，N)；
(2) According to the formula <4 >:
calculating the percentage of the total frequency of the pores and the throats in each interval to the total frequency of the pores and the throats obtained by the rock sample test;
(3) according to the formula <5 >:
the uniform degree of the overall distribution of the pores and the uniform degree of the overall distribution of the throats are calculated, and the number of the pores and the throats contained in the intervals of the pores and the throats is equal, namely P1＝P2＝…＝PnAt 1/N, the entropy value reaches a maximum lnN, indicating that the rock pore throat size distribution reaches a uniform state.
5. The tight sandstone reservoir pore throat heterogeneity characterization method based on information entropy of claim 1, wherein,
the concrete implementation steps of the step eight comprise:
(1) according to the formula <6 >:
hj＝1-Mj,j＝1,2<6>
to calculate the dispersion degree h of the pores and the throatjIn general, the dispersion degree of the porosity and throat of the j index depends on hjThe more dispersed the pore and throat value distribution of the jth index is, the corresponding hjThe larger the value is, the higher the importance of the porosity and throat of the j index is;
(2) according to the formula <7 >:
determining the weight of j index pores and throats in all n index pores and throats;
(3) the pore overall distribution uniformity degree and the throat overall distribution uniformity degree are combined to generate the pore-throat joint uniformity (I), namely:
I＝W1M1+W2M2
<8>
the method is used for quantitatively representing the heterogeneity of the microscopic pore throat structure of the compact sandstone reservoir.
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