CN110701236B - Semi-active control engine suspension of magnetorheological elastomer and control method thereof - Google Patents
Semi-active control engine suspension of magnetorheological elastomer and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110701236B CN110701236B CN201911009882.7A CN201911009882A CN110701236B CN 110701236 B CN110701236 B CN 110701236B CN 201911009882 A CN201911009882 A CN 201911009882A CN 110701236 B CN110701236 B CN 110701236B
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- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 8
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F9/00—Springs, vibration-dampers, shock-absorbers, or similarly-constructed movement-dampers using a fluid or the equivalent as damping medium
- F16F9/32—Details
- F16F9/53—Means for adjusting damping characteristics by varying fluid viscosity, e.g. electromagnetically
- F16F9/535—Magnetorheological [MR] fluid dampers
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- Combined Devices Of Dampers And Springs (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical field
本发明属于汽车悬置减振技术领域，特别涉及一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置及其控制方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of automobile mount vibration damping, and in particular relates to a semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer and a control method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
随着汽车产业的发展，对汽车NVH性能提出更高要求，而汽车动力总成振动噪声是汽车NVH问题的主要来源之一，因此针对汽车动力总成的振动特性设计减振降噪装置便具有很大的工程意义。With the development of the automobile industry, higher requirements have been put forward for automobile NVH performance. The vibration and noise of automobile powertrain is one of the main sources of automobile NVH problems. Therefore, it is useful to design a vibration reduction and noise reduction device according to the vibration characteristics of automobile powertrain. Of great engineering significance.
汽车动力总成悬置有很多类别，从上世界20年代开始出现了橡胶悬置以来，逐步出现了新的产品，比如液压悬置、基于磁流变液体设计的主动控制和半主动控制悬置、以及基于电流变液体设计的主动控制和半主动控制悬置。但是主动控制液压悬置通常需要外界的能量供应且结构复杂，虽然其隔振性能最优，但是不具备大批量应用于实车的条件。半主动控制悬置和液压悬置结构简单，具有较好的稳定性，因此成为研究的热点。There are many categories of automotive powertrain mounts. Since the emergence of rubber mounts in the 1920s, new products have gradually emerged, such as hydraulic mounts, active control and semi-active control mounts based on magnetorheological fluid design. , as well as active control and semi-active control suspensions based on electrorheological fluid design. However, active control of hydraulic mounts usually requires external energy supply and has a complex structure. Although it has the best vibration isolation performance, it does not have the conditions for large-scale application in real vehicles. Semi-active control mounts and hydraulic mounts have simple structures and good stability, so they have become a hot spot in research.
新型智能磁流变材料的力学特性能够根据外加磁场的变化而变化，其具备响应速度快、可逆性好等特点。磁流变液体就是其中一种磁流变材料，但磁流变液减振装置存在颗粒沉淀和液体密封难等问题。现有的磁流变悬置大都需要大量的磁流变液体并且密封困难，而且大量的使用磁流变液可能导致沉淀现象的加剧，这就大大限制了磁流变液体的使用范围。磁流变弹性体材料克服了磁流变液体的易沉降、稳定性差、颗粒易磨损等缺点，并具备了响应速度快、可逆性好、结构设计简单、制备成本低等优点。The mechanical properties of new smart magnetorheological materials can change according to changes in the external magnetic field, and they have the characteristics of fast response and good reversibility. Magnetorheological fluid is one of the magnetorheological materials, but magnetorheological fluid vibration damping devices have problems such as particle precipitation and difficulty in liquid sealing. Most existing magnetorheological suspensions require a large amount of magnetorheological fluid and are difficult to seal. Moreover, using a large amount of magnetorheological fluid may lead to aggravation of precipitation, which greatly limits the scope of use of magnetorheological fluid. Magnetorheological elastomer materials overcome the shortcomings of magnetorheological liquids such as easy settlement, poor stability, and easy particle wear, and have the advantages of fast response, good reversibility, simple structural design, and low preparation cost.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明设计开发了一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，在两个可以贯通的磁流变液腔室之间设置磁流变弹性体解耦膜，磁流变弹性体解耦膜周围的磁场强度可以随着连接杆竖直方向上的位移而改变，其目的之一是使发动机悬置在受到外界的冲击时能够自适应的改变刚度。The present invention designs and develops a semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer. A magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film is arranged between two magnetorheological fluid chambers that can be penetrated. The magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film is The magnetic field strength around the coupling film can change with the displacement of the connecting rod in the vertical direction. One of its purposes is to enable the engine mount to adaptively change its stiffness when it is impacted by the outside world.
本发明设计开发了一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，其在惯性通道板中设置有电磁线圈，其目的之二是通过改变通过电磁线圈的电流，进一步调节悬置中的磁场强度，从而扩大磁场强度的调整范围，以改变悬置的刚度。The present invention designs and develops a semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer, which is provided with an electromagnetic coil in the inertial channel plate. Its second purpose is to further adjust the current in the mount by changing the current passing through the electromagnetic coil. Magnetic field strength, thereby expanding the adjustment range of magnetic field strength to change the stiffness of the suspension.
本发明设计开发了一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置的控制方法，其目的之一是在车速较高时，通过控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向及电流强度，适应性的增大发动机悬置的刚度，以提高发动机悬置的隔振性能。The present invention designs and develops a semi-active control method for engine mount using magnetorheological elastomer. One of its purposes is to increase the adaptability by controlling the direction and intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil when the vehicle speed is high. Increase the stiffness of the engine mount to improve the vibration isolation performance of the engine mount.
本发明设计开发了一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置的控制方法，其目的之二是其在车速较低时，通过控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向及电流强度，适应性的减小发动机悬置的刚度，使发动机悬置获得更好的隔振性能。The present invention has designed and developed a semi-active control method for engine mounts using magnetorheological elastomers. The second purpose of the invention is to achieve adaptive control by controlling the direction and intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil when the vehicle speed is low. Reduce the stiffness of the engine mount to achieve better vibration isolation performance.
本发明提供的技术方案为：The technical solution provided by the invention is:
一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，包括：A magnetorheological elastomer semi-actively controlled engine mount consisting of:
悬置壳体，其具有顶部开口；a suspended housing having a top opening;
惯性通道板，其为环形，并且设置在所述悬置壳体中，所述惯性通道板的外缘向上和向下的凸起部分与所述悬置壳体固定连接；An inertia channel plate, which is annular and is arranged in the suspension housing, and the upward and downward convex portions of the outer edge of the inertia channel plate are fixedly connected to the suspension housing;
解耦膜，其设置在所述惯性通道板的中心处，并且所述解耦膜的外缘部嵌入式固定在所述惯性通道板中；A decoupling membrane, which is arranged at the center of the inertial channel plate, and the outer edge of the decoupling membrane is embedded and fixed in the inertial channel plate;
橡胶底膜，其外缘部沿周向固定连接在所述惯性通道板底部及所述壳体内壁之间；A rubber bottom membrane, the outer edge of which is fixedly connected in the circumferential direction between the bottom of the inertial channel plate and the inner wall of the housing;
橡胶主簧，其固定连接在所述顶部开口处，并且与所述悬置壳体以及所述橡胶底膜围合形成封闭空腔；A rubber main spring, which is fixedly connected to the top opening, and is enclosed with the suspension housing and the rubber bottom film to form a closed cavity;
其中，所述惯性通道板和所述解耦膜将所述空腔分隔为第一腔室和第二腔室；Wherein, the inertial channel plate and the decoupling membrane separate the cavity into a first chamber and a second chamber;
连接杆，其与所述橡胶主簧同轴硫化固定连接，并且所述连接杆的一端延伸至所述第一腔室内；A connecting rod, which is coaxially vulcanized and fixedly connected to the rubber main spring, and one end of the connecting rod extends into the first chamber;
第一环形永磁铁，其设置在所述第一腔室内，并且同轴固定连接在所述连接杆上；A first annular permanent magnet, which is arranged in the first chamber and is coaxially fixedly connected to the connecting rod;
第二环形永磁铁，其设置在所述第二腔室内，并且固定连接在所述惯性通道板上；a second annular permanent magnet, which is arranged in the second chamber and fixedly connected to the inertial channel plate;
其中，所述第一环形永磁铁与所述第二环形永磁铁同轴设置。Wherein, the first annular permanent magnet and the second annular permanent magnet are coaxially arranged.
优选的是，所述惯性通道板内部同轴开设有环形容纳腔，所述环形容纳腔内设置有电磁线圈。Preferably, an annular receiving cavity is coaxially opened inside the inertial channel plate, and an electromagnetic coil is arranged in the annular receiving cavity.
优选的是，所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，还包括：Preferably, the semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer further includes:
两个磁流变弹性环，其分别嵌入式设置在所述壳体的内壁中，并且与惯性通道板同轴设置；所述两个磁流变弹性环分别位于所述惯性通道板的两侧。Two magnetorheological elastic rings are respectively embedded in the inner wall of the housing and coaxially arranged with the inertial channel plate; the two magnetorheological elastic rings are respectively located on both sides of the inertial channel plate. .
优选的是，所述惯性通道板的底面与所述磁流变弹性环之间安装有密封圈。Preferably, a sealing ring is installed between the bottom surface of the inertial channel plate and the magnetorheological elastic ring.
优选的是，所述悬置壳体的底部开设有多个通气孔。Preferably, a plurality of ventilation holes are provided at the bottom of the suspension housing.
优选的是，所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，还包括：Preferably, the semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer further includes:
扰流板，其设置在所述第一腔室内，并且同轴固定安装在所述连接杆上，其中，所述扰流板设置在所述第一环形永磁体顶部。A spoiler is disposed in the first chamber and coaxially fixedly mounted on the connecting rod, wherein the spoiler is disposed on the top of the first annular permanent magnet.
优选的是，所述扰流板包括：Preferably, the spoiler includes:
基体部，其为圆盘状，并且具有中心通孔；以及a base part, which is disc-shaped and has a central through hole; and
扰流部，其沿所述基体部的周向固定连接在所述基体部的外缘上，所述扰流部与所述基体部之间具有夹角；A spoiler part, which is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the base part along the circumferential direction of the base part, and there is an included angle between the spoiler part and the base part;
其中，所述扰流部朝向所述基体部的底板设置；所述基体部通过所述中心通孔连接在所述连接杆上。Wherein, the spoiler is arranged toward the bottom plate of the base part; the base part is connected to the connecting rod through the central through hole.
优选的是，所述惯性通道板内具有环形的惯性通道，惯性通道壁为非光滑面。Preferably, the inertial channel plate has an annular inertial channel, and the wall of the inertial channel is a non-smooth surface.
一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置的控制方法，使用所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，包括：A control method for semi-active control of an engine mount using magnetorheological elastomer, using the semi-active control of the engine mount using magnetorheological elastomer, including:
当时，电磁线圈通电，控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向使电磁线圈产生的磁场与环形永磁铁产生的磁场方向相同；并且控制通过电磁线圈的电流强度为：when When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the direction of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil has the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet; and the intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled as:
其中，Ia为第一基准电流强度；fe为发动机的振动频率；fx为悬置振动频率；V为车辆行驶速度，V0为车辆行驶速度的基准值；m为整车重量，m0为整车重量的基准值。Among them, I a is the first reference current intensity; f e is the vibration frequency of the engine; f x is the suspension vibration frequency; V is the vehicle driving speed, V 0 is the benchmark value of the vehicle driving speed; m is the vehicle weight, m 0 is the base value of the vehicle weight.
优选的是，所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置的控制方法，还包括：Preferably, the control method for semi-active engine mount control using magnetorheological elastomers further includes:
当时，电磁线圈通电，控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向使电磁线圈产生的磁场与环形永磁铁产生的磁场方向相反；并且控制通过电磁线圈内的电流强度为：when When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the direction of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is in the opposite direction to the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet; and the intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled to be:
其中，Ib为第二基准电流强度；fe为发动机的振动频率；fx为悬置振动频率；V为车辆行驶速度，V0为车辆行驶速度的基准值；m为整车重量，m0为整车重量的基准值。Among them, I b is the second reference current intensity; f e is the vibration frequency of the engine; f x is the suspension vibration frequency; V is the vehicle traveling speed, V 0 is the baseline value of the vehicle traveling speed; m is the vehicle weight, m 0 is the base value of the vehicle weight.
本发明的有益效果是：The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1)本发明提供的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，在两个可以贯通的磁流变液腔室之间设置磁流变弹性体解耦膜，磁流变弹性体解耦膜周围的磁场强度可以随着连接杆竖直方向上的位移而改变，能够使发动机悬置在受到外界的冲击时能够自适应的改变刚度；克服了普通发动机悬置不能改变悬置刚度或者调节装置结构复杂的问题。(1) The invention provides a semi-active control engine mount for magnetorheological elastomers. A magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film is disposed between two permeable magnetorheological fluid chambers. The magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film is The magnetic field strength around the coupling film can change with the displacement of the connecting rod in the vertical direction, which enables the engine mount to adaptively change the stiffness when it is impacted by the outside world; it overcomes the problem that ordinary engine mounts cannot change the mount stiffness or The problem of complex structure of the regulating device.
(2)本发明提供的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，设置有电磁线圈，电磁线圈产生的磁场与永磁铁产生的永磁场的叠加，可以通过调节电流强度增强或降低悬置内部的磁场强度，从而实现了悬置的刚度能够覆盖到较低刚度到较高刚度的任意区间，实现对悬置刚度的动态控制，从而进一步提高发动机悬置的隔振效果。(2) The magnetorheological elastomer semi-active control engine mount provided by the present invention is provided with an electromagnetic coil. The superposition of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil and the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet can enhance or reduce the mount by adjusting the current intensity. The internal magnetic field strength enables the mount's stiffness to cover any range from lower stiffness to higher stiffness, achieving dynamic control of the mount stiffness, thereby further improving the vibration isolation effect of the engine mount.
(3)本发明提供的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，在悬置上、下壳体内部的分别设置有环形磁流变弹性体，当环形磁流变弹性体所处的磁场强度发生变化时，环形磁流变弹性体与悬置壳体之间的剪切阻尼力改变，从而可以降低来自动力总成的振动冲击能量，起到衰减振动的作用。(3) In the semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer provided by the present invention, annular magnetorheological elastomers are respectively provided inside the upper and lower housings of the mount. When the annular magnetorheological elastomer is located When the magnetic field intensity changes, the shear damping force between the annular magnetorheological elastomer and the suspension shell changes, which can reduce the vibration impact energy from the powertrain and attenuate the vibration.
附图说明Description of the drawings
图1为本发明所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置总体结构示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the semi-active control engine mount using magnetorheological elastomer according to the present invention.
图2为本发明所述的悬置上壳体的结构示意图。Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the suspended upper casing according to the present invention.
图3为本发明所述的悬置下壳体的结构示意图。Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the suspended lower housing according to the present invention.
图4为本发明所述的惯性通道下板的结构示意图。Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of the lower plate of the inertia channel according to the present invention.
图5为本发明所述的通过改变电磁线圈中的电流增大总磁场的调节工作原理图。Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment working principle of increasing the total magnetic field by changing the current in the electromagnetic coil according to the present invention.
图6为本发明所述的通过改变电磁线圈中的电流减小总磁场的调节工作原理图。Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment working principle of reducing the total magnetic field by changing the current in the electromagnetic coil according to the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it with reference to the text of the description.
如图1-4所示，本发明提供了一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，主要由悬置壳体部分、惯性通道板部分和励磁装置部分组成。As shown in Figures 1-4, the present invention provides a semi-active control engine mount of magnetorheological elastomer, which is mainly composed of a mount housing part, an inertial channel plate part and an excitation device part.
其中，悬置壳体部分主要包括连接杆110、橡胶主簧120、悬置上壳体130、悬置下壳体140以及橡胶底膜150。其中，连接杆110的中部圆盘部分111通过硫化嵌入橡胶主簧120中。橡胶主簧120与悬置上壳体130硫化连接，悬置上壳体130与悬置下壳体140通过外围的法兰连接。其中，橡胶主簧120主要承载来自动力总成的载荷和冲击；橡胶主簧120的材料可采用硫化后的丁晴橡胶或丁苯橡胶。悬置上壳体130和悬置下壳体140是悬置的密封原件。悬置上壳体130的上骨架即上部开口处通过硫化和胶接技术实现与橡胶主簧120的连接，其下部通过铆接实现与惯性通道板200连接，并保证内部液体的密封。Among them, the suspended housing part mainly includes a connecting rod 110, a rubber main spring 120, a suspended upper housing 130, a suspended lower housing 140 and a rubber bottom film 150. Among them, the middle disc portion 111 of the connecting rod 110 is embedded in the rubber main spring 120 through vulcanization. The rubber main spring 120 is vulcanized and connected to the suspended upper casing 130, and the suspended upper casing 130 and the suspended lower casing 140 are connected through peripheral flanges. Among them, the rubber main spring 120 mainly carries the load and impact from the power assembly; the material of the rubber main spring 120 can be vulcanized nitrile rubber or styrene-butadiene rubber. The suspended upper housing 130 and the suspended lower housing 140 are suspended sealing elements. The upper frame of the suspended upper casing 130, that is, the upper opening, is connected to the rubber main spring 120 through vulcanization and gluing technology, and the lower part is connected to the inertia channel plate 200 through riveting to ensure the sealing of the internal liquid.
在悬置内部，悬置上壳体130壁内沿圆周方向开设有圆环形空腔131，并且圆环形空腔131内侧具有与上壳体内部空腔连通的环形开口131a；相对应的，在悬置下壳体140壁内沿圆周方向开设有圆环形空腔141，并且圆环形空腔141内侧具有与下壳体内部空腔连通的环形开口141a。Inside the suspension, an annular cavity 131 is opened in the wall of the upper housing 130 along the circumferential direction, and the inside of the annular cavity 131 has an annular opening 131a that communicates with the internal cavity of the upper casing; correspondingly , an annular cavity 141 is opened in the wall of the suspended lower housing 140 along the circumferential direction, and the inside of the annular cavity 141 has an annular opening 141a that communicates with the internal cavity of the lower housing.
惯性通道板部分主要由惯性通道板200、磁流变弹性体解耦膜210、第一环形磁流变弹性体220和第二环形磁流变弹性体230组成。惯性通道板200主体为环形板状，固定设置在悬置上壳体130和悬置下壳体140之间。磁流变弹性体解耦膜210设置在惯性通道板200的中心圆孔，并且磁流变弹性体解耦膜210的外缘部嵌入式固定在惯性通道板200中。惯性通道板200与橡胶主簧120之间构成悬置上液室201，惯性通道板200与橡胶底膜150之间构成悬置下液室202。其中，悬置上液室201与悬置下液室202中充满液体，在本实施例中，所述液体为乙二醇水溶液。同时惯性通道板200内部同轴开设有环形的惯性通道203，悬置上液室201中的液体通过惯性通道203上开设的通孔203a流入悬置下液室202中。惯性通道板200的外缘具有分别向上和向下凸起的连接部204和205，并且分别通过所述连接部204和205嵌入式连接在圆环形空腔131和圆环形空腔141中。连接部204的顶部和圆环形空腔131的顶部之间留有第一间隙，第一间隙中安装有第一环形磁流变弹性体220；连接部205的底部和圆环形空腔141的底部之间留有第二间隙，第二间隙中安装有第二环形磁流变弹性体230。The inertial channel plate part is mainly composed of the inertial channel plate 200, the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210, the first annular magnetorheological elastomer 220 and the second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230. The main body of the inertial channel plate 200 is annular plate-shaped, and is fixedly arranged between the suspended upper housing 130 and the suspended lower housing 140 . The magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 is disposed in the central circular hole of the inertial channel plate 200 , and the outer edge of the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 is embedded and fixed in the inertial channel plate 200 . The suspended upper liquid chamber 201 is formed between the inertial channel plate 200 and the rubber main spring 120, and the suspended lower liquid chamber 202 is formed between the inertial channel plate 200 and the rubber bottom membrane 150. The suspended upper liquid chamber 201 and the suspended lower liquid chamber 202 are filled with liquid. In this embodiment, the liquid is an ethylene glycol aqueous solution. At the same time, an annular inertial channel 203 is coaxially formed inside the inertial channel plate 200, and the liquid in the suspended upper liquid chamber 201 flows into the suspended lower liquid chamber 202 through the through hole 203a opened in the inertial channel 203. The outer edge of the inertial channel plate 200 has upwardly and downwardly protruding connecting portions 204 and 205 respectively, and is embedded in the annular cavity 131 and the annular cavity 141 through the connecting portions 204 and 205 respectively. . There is a first gap between the top of the connecting part 204 and the top of the annular cavity 131, and the first annular magnetorheological elastomer 220 is installed in the first gap; the bottom of the connecting part 205 and the annular cavity 141 A second gap is left between the bottoms, and a second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230 is installed in the second gap.
橡胶底膜150的外围圆周卡入环形开口141a中，惯性通道板200的底部与悬置下壳体140上开有共轴线的定位销孔，定位销150a设置在定位销孔中，以固定橡胶底膜150，防止橡胶底膜150由于压紧力不够而脱离悬置下壳体140。同时，惯性通道板200与第二环形磁流变弹性体230之间设置有环形密封圈240。当悬置系统受到外界激励时，其可以防止悬置内部的液体通过惯性通道板200与第二环形磁流变弹性体230之间的缝隙泄露，保证悬置内部良好的气密性。橡胶底膜150作为悬置下液室202内部的磁流变液体的承载体，为液体在上下液室之间的振荡运动提供了压力差，保证液压悬置产生足够的阻尼。在悬置下壳体140上开有若干个通气孔142，以平衡悬置内外的大气压。The peripheral circumference of the rubber base film 150 is inserted into the annular opening 141a. The bottom of the inertia channel plate 200 and the suspended lower housing 140 are provided with coaxial positioning pin holes. The positioning pins 150a are arranged in the positioning pin holes to fix the rubber. The bottom film 150 prevents the rubber bottom film 150 from detaching from the suspended lower housing 140 due to insufficient pressing force. At the same time, an annular sealing ring 240 is provided between the inertial channel plate 200 and the second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230 . When the suspension system is stimulated by the outside world, it can prevent the liquid inside the suspension from leaking through the gap between the inertial channel plate 200 and the second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230, ensuring good air tightness inside the suspension. The rubber bottom membrane 150 serves as a carrier for the magnetorheological liquid inside the suspension lower liquid chamber 202, providing a pressure difference for the oscillatory motion of the liquid between the upper and lower liquid chambers, ensuring sufficient damping of the hydraulic suspension. A number of ventilation holes 142 are opened on the lower housing 140 of the suspension to balance the atmospheric pressure inside and outside the suspension.
惯性通道板200内部同轴开设有环形的线圈槽207，在本实施例中，线圈槽207开设在惯性通道203的外围区域。An annular coil slot 207 is coaxially formed inside the inertial channel plate 200 . In this embodiment, the coil slot 207 is formed in the peripheral area of the inertial channel 203 .
如图1和4所示，在本实施例中，惯性通道板200主要由对称设置的惯性通道上板200a和惯性通道下板200b组成。惯性通道上板200a和惯性通道上板200b中部圆环处挖去半T型槽，配合后安装后形成完整的T型槽(截面为T形，整体为圆环形)206用来固定磁流变弹性体解耦膜210；在惯性通道上板200a和惯性通道上板200b结合面还对应设置有半线圈槽和半惯性通道，惯性通道上板200a和惯性通道下板200b结合后形成完整的线圈槽207、惯性通道203以及惯性通道口203a。同时，惯性通道上板200a和惯性通道上板200b(除预留的线圈槽207和惯性通道203外)在结合面处通过硫化或者胶接的技术实现密封，防止液体渗出惯性通道203。As shown in Figures 1 and 4, in this embodiment, the inertial channel plate 200 is mainly composed of a symmetrically arranged inertial channel upper plate 200a and an inertial channel lower plate 200b. Half T-shaped grooves are dug out from the middle rings of the inertial channel upper plate 200a and the inertial channel upper plate 200b. After matching and installation, a complete T-shaped groove (T-shaped in cross-section and circular as a whole) 206 is used to fix the magnetic flow. Variable elastomer decoupling film 210; a half coil slot and a semi-inertial channel are also provided on the joint surface of the inertial channel upper plate 200a and the inertial channel upper plate 200b. The inertial channel upper plate 200a and the inertial channel lower plate 200b form a complete Coil slot 207, inertial channel 203 and inertial channel opening 203a. At the same time, the inertial channel upper plate 200a and the inertial channel upper plate 200b (except for the reserved coil slot 207 and the inertial channel 203) are sealed at the joint surface through vulcanization or glue bonding technology to prevent liquid from seeping out of the inertial channel 203.
励磁装置部分主要包括第一环形永磁铁310、第二环形永磁铁320和电磁线圈330。第一环形永磁铁310安装连接杆110的下部，同时在连接杆110的下部安装有扰流板160，连接杆110末端(下端)加工有螺纹并通过螺母110a将扰流板160和第一环形永磁铁310加以紧固。惯性通道下板200b下部设置绕圆周均匀分布的螺纹孔208，第二环形永磁铁320圆周上分布的圆孔与螺纹孔208尺寸相同且共轴线，第二环形永磁铁320通过螺栓固定在惯性通道下板200b上，第二环形永磁铁320位于磁流变弹性体解耦膜210的下侧。其中，第一环形永磁铁310与第二环形永磁铁320同轴平行相对设置。由于第一环形永磁铁310位于连接杆110的下部，当橡胶主簧120受到压缩产生形变上下移动时，第一环形永磁铁310跟随连接杆110上下移动，两个环形永磁铁310和320之间的距离产生变化，进而时悬置内部的磁场强度发生变化，从而使磁流变弹性体解耦膜210周围的磁场强度发生改变。具体为：当两永磁铁之间的距离增大时，产生的位于磁流变弹性体解耦膜210周围的磁场强度变小；当两永磁铁之间的距离减小时，产生的位于磁流变弹性体解耦膜210周围的磁场强度变大，由于磁流变弹性体材料受到磁场的作用刚度会变化，最终表现为悬置刚度的动态变化。The excitation device part mainly includes a first annular permanent magnet 310, a second annular permanent magnet 320 and an electromagnetic coil 330. The first annular permanent magnet 310 is installed on the lower part of the connecting rod 110. At the same time, a spoiler 160 is installed on the lower part of the connecting rod 110. The end (lower end) of the connecting rod 110 is threaded and the spoiler 160 and the first annular ring are connected through the nut 110a. The permanent magnet 310 is fastened. The lower part of the inertia channel lower plate 200b is provided with threaded holes 208 evenly distributed around the circumference. The circular holes distributed on the circumference of the second annular permanent magnet 320 are of the same size and coaxial with the threaded holes 208. The second annular permanent magnet 320 is fixed to the inertia channel through bolts. On the lower plate 200b, the second annular permanent magnet 320 is located on the lower side of the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210. Wherein, the first annular permanent magnet 310 and the second annular permanent magnet 320 are arranged coaxially and parallel to each other. Since the first annular permanent magnet 310 is located at the lower part of the connecting rod 110, when the rubber main spring 120 is compressed and deformed to move up and down, the first annular permanent magnet 310 follows the connecting rod 110 and moves up and down, between the two annular permanent magnets 310 and 320 The distance changes, and then the magnetic field intensity inside the suspension changes, so that the magnetic field intensity around the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 changes. Specifically: when the distance between the two permanent magnets increases, the intensity of the magnetic field generated around the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 becomes smaller; when the distance between the two permanent magnets decreases, the intensity of the magnetic field generated around the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 becomes smaller. The intensity of the magnetic field around the variable elastomer decoupling film 210 becomes larger, and the stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer material changes due to the action of the magnetic field, which ultimately manifests as a dynamic change in the suspension stiffness.
电磁线圈330设置在线圈槽207中，电磁线圈330在通电后可以产生磁场。当悬置需要较大的刚度时，可以调整电磁线圈300内的电流方向并增大电流，使电磁线圈330产生的磁场与环形永磁铁产生的磁场同方向，增大悬置内部的叠加磁场的强度；同理，当悬置需要较小的刚度时，可以调整电磁线圈330内的电流方向并增大电流，使电磁线圈330通电后产生的磁场与环形永磁铁产生的磁场反方向，进一步减小悬置内部的叠加磁场的强度。The electromagnetic coil 330 is disposed in the coil slot 207, and the electromagnetic coil 330 can generate a magnetic field after being energized. When the suspension requires greater stiffness, the direction of the current in the electromagnetic coil 300 can be adjusted and the current increased so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 330 is in the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet, thereby increasing the superimposed magnetic field inside the suspension. Strength; similarly, when the suspension requires smaller stiffness, the current direction in the electromagnetic coil 330 can be adjusted and the current can be increased so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 330 after being energized is in the opposite direction to the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet, further reducing the The strength of the superimposed magnetic field inside the small suspension.
同时，由于悬置壳体和惯性通道板之间设置有第一环形磁流变弹性体220和第二环形磁流变弹性体230，刚度和阻尼也会随着其周围磁场的变化而变化。第一环形磁流变弹性体220与悬置上壳体130、第二环形磁流变弹性体230与悬置下壳体140之间产生的剪切阻尼力可以降低来自动力总成的振动冲击能量，从而起到衰减振动的作用。At the same time, since the first annular magnetorheological elastomer 220 and the second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230 are disposed between the suspension shell and the inertial channel plate, the stiffness and damping will also change with changes in the surrounding magnetic field. The shear damping force generated between the first annular magnetorheological elastomer 220 and the suspension upper housing 130 and the second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230 and the suspension lower housing 140 can reduce the vibration impact from the powertrain. energy, thereby attenuating vibration.
在本实施例中，扰流板160包括基体部161和扰流部162，基体部161为圆盘状，并且具有中心通孔；并且通过所述中心通孔过盈配合安装在连接杆110上。扰流部162沿基体部的周向固定连接在基体部161的外缘上，所述扰流部162与所述基体部161之间具有夹角；其中，扰流部162朝向所述基体部的底板设置。通过设置扰流板，能够在悬置受到冲击时，对悬置腔室中的液体实现扰动，从而提高液体的流动性，以加快磁场强度的变化速率。In this embodiment, the spoiler 160 includes a base part 161 and a spoiler part 162. The base part 161 is disc-shaped and has a central through hole; and is installed on the connecting rod 110 with an interference fit through the central through hole. . The spoiler part 162 is fixedly connected to the outer edge of the base part 161 along the circumferential direction of the base part, and there is an included angle between the spoiler part 162 and the base part 161; wherein, the spoiler part 162 faces the base part 161. baseboard settings. By providing a spoiler, when the suspension is impacted, the liquid in the suspension chamber can be disturbed, thereby improving the fluidity of the liquid and accelerating the change rate of the magnetic field intensity.
在另一个实施例中，还包括改变惯性通道203的内壁形状(如锯齿状)或者在惯性通道203的内壁上填涂阻尼颗粒材料加强液体阻尼来改变通道的阻尼特性，从而进一步调节悬置的刚度。同时，根据不同的隔振率的要求可以改变惯性通道203的截面形状和长度保证液柱共振频率与之相匹配。In another embodiment, it also includes changing the inner wall shape of the inertial channel 203 (such as sawtooth shape) or filling the inner wall of the inertial channel 203 with damping granular materials to enhance liquid damping to change the damping characteristics of the channel, thereby further adjusting the suspension. Stiffness. At the same time, the cross-sectional shape and length of the inertia channel 203 can be changed according to different vibration isolation rate requirements to ensure that the liquid column resonance frequency matches them.
如图5-6所示，本发明的具体工作原理为：当动力总成发生振动时，振动位移作用在连接杆110和橡胶主簧120上，在大振幅(通常为低频)位移作用下，第一环形永磁铁310向下产生位移，使第一环形永磁铁310和第二环形永磁铁320之间的距离减小，此时，磁流变弹性体解耦膜210周围的磁场增强；若此时向电磁线圈330施加顺时针电流(如图5所示)，则其产生的磁场方向与永磁铁产生的磁场方向相同，总的磁场强度将进一步增大，磁流变弹性体解耦膜210刚度增大，等效于悬置的刚度增大；同时由于第一环形磁流变弹性体220和第二环形磁流变弹性体230也处于磁场环境中，故其能够与悬置壳体和惯性通道板产生剪切阻尼，从而能够进一步衰减来自悬置上液室201的振动冲击。橡胶主簧120的膨胀效应使得悬置上液室201产生泵吸作用，液体通过惯性通道210在悬置上液室201和悬置下液室202之间来回振荡运动，产生阻尼，消耗振动能量，悬置具备大刚度大阻尼的特性，就可以实现冲击工况下更好的减振效果，提升汽车的性能。As shown in Figures 5-6, the specific working principle of the present invention is: when the power assembly vibrates, the vibration displacement acts on the connecting rod 110 and the rubber main spring 120. Under the action of large amplitude (usually low frequency) displacement, The first annular permanent magnet 310 is displaced downward, so that the distance between the first annular permanent magnet 310 and the second annular permanent magnet 320 is reduced. At this time, the magnetic field around the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 is enhanced; if At this time, when a clockwise current is applied to the electromagnetic coil 330 (as shown in Figure 5), the direction of the magnetic field generated by it is the same as that generated by the permanent magnet. The total magnetic field intensity will further increase, and the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film The increase in stiffness of 210 is equivalent to an increase in the stiffness of the suspension; at the same time, since the first annular magnetorheological elastomer 220 and the second annular magnetorheological elastomer 230 are also in a magnetic field environment, they can interact with the suspension shell. and the inertial channel plate to generate shear damping, thereby further attenuating the vibration impact from the suspended upper liquid chamber 201. The expansion effect of the rubber main spring 120 causes the suspended upper liquid chamber 201 to produce a pumping effect. The liquid oscillates back and forth between the suspended upper liquid chamber 201 and the suspended lower liquid chamber 202 through the inertial channel 210, generating damping and consuming vibration energy. , the suspension has the characteristics of large stiffness and large damping, which can achieve better vibration reduction effect under impact conditions and improve the performance of the car.
当动力总成发生振动且振动振幅(通常为高频)较小时，第一环形永磁铁310向下产生位移，第一环形永磁铁310和第二环形永磁铁320之间的距离减小，此时处于磁流变弹性体解耦膜210之间的磁场增强。若此时向电磁线圈330施加逆时针电流(如图6所示)，虽然永磁铁在磁流变弹性体解耦膜210周围产生的磁场将增大，但是电磁线圈330产生的磁场方向与永磁铁产生的磁场方向相反，总的磁场强度将减小。磁流变弹性体解耦膜210刚度减小，等效于悬置的刚度减小。同时液体在悬置上液室201和悬置下液室202中的振荡减小，产生的阻尼降低，这符合小振幅激励下悬置刚度小阻尼小的特性，从而能够更好的实现动力总成的隔振要求。When the powertrain vibrates and the vibration amplitude (usually high frequency) is small, the first annular permanent magnet 310 is displaced downward, and the distance between the first annular permanent magnet 310 and the second annular permanent magnet 320 decreases. The magnetic field between the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling films 210 is enhanced. If a counterclockwise current is applied to the electromagnetic coil 330 at this time (as shown in FIG. 6 ), although the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet around the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling film 210 will increase, the direction of the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil 330 is different from that of the permanent magnet. The magnetic field produced by the magnet is in the opposite direction and the total magnetic field strength will decrease. The stiffness of the magnetorheological elastomer decoupling membrane 210 is reduced, which is equivalent to a reduction in the stiffness of the suspension. At the same time, the oscillation of the liquid in the suspension upper liquid chamber 201 and the suspension lower liquid chamber 202 is reduced, and the resulting damping is reduced. This is in line with the characteristics of small suspension stiffness and small damping under small amplitude excitation, thus enabling better realization of the powertrain. meet the vibration isolation requirements.
同时，本发明还提供了一种磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置的控制方法，使用所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置，包括，在车辆行驶过程中通过安装在车身上的速度传感器和重量传感器实时监测车速V和整车重量m，同时通过传感器实时监测发动机的振动频率fe和悬置的振动频率fx。At the same time, the present invention also provides a method for controlling an engine mount using a magnetorheological elastomer for semi-active control. Using the magnetorheological elastomer for semi-actively controlling an engine mount includes: controlling the engine mount during driving of the vehicle. The speed sensor and weight sensor installed on the vehicle body monitor the vehicle speed V and the vehicle weight m in real time. At the same time, the engine vibration frequency f e and the suspension vibration frequency f x are monitored in real time through the sensors.
在车速较高时，通过控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向及电流强度，适应性的增大发动机悬置的刚度，以提高发动机悬置的隔振性能。When the vehicle speed is high, by controlling the direction and intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil, the stiffness of the engine mount is adaptively increased to improve the vibration isolation performance of the engine mount.
其中，当时，电磁线圈通电，控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向使电磁线圈产生的磁场与环形永磁铁产生的磁场方向相同；并且控制通过电磁线圈的电流强度为：Among them, when When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the direction of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil has the same direction as the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet; and the intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled as:
其中，Ia为第一基准电流强度；fe为发动机的振动频率；fx为悬置振动频率；V为车辆行驶速度，V0为车辆行驶速度的基准值；m为整车重量，m0为整车重量的基准值。Among them, I a is the first reference current intensity; f e is the vibration frequency of the engine; f x is the suspension vibration frequency; V is the vehicle driving speed, V 0 is the benchmark value of the vehicle driving speed; m is the vehicle weight, m 0 is the base value of the vehicle weight.
在另一个实施例中，所述的磁流变弹性体的半主动控制发动机悬置的控制方法，还包括：在车速较低时，通过控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向及电流强度，适应性的减小发动机悬置的刚度，使发动机悬置获得更好的隔振性能。In another embodiment, the control method for semi-active control of the engine mount using magnetorheological elastomers further includes: when the vehicle speed is low, by controlling the direction and intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil, adaptive Reduce the stiffness of the engine mount to achieve better vibration isolation performance.
当时，电磁线圈通电，控制通过电磁线圈的电流方向使电磁线圈产生的磁场与环形永磁铁产生的磁场方向相反；并且控制通过电磁线圈内的电流强度为：when When the electromagnetic coil is energized, the direction of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled so that the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic coil is in the opposite direction to the magnetic field generated by the annular permanent magnet; and the intensity of the current passing through the electromagnetic coil is controlled to be:
其中，Ib为第二基准电流强度；fe为发动机的振动频率；fx为悬置振动频率；V为车辆行驶速度，V0为车辆行驶速度的基准值；m为整车重量，m0为整车重量的基准值。Among them, I b is the second reference current intensity; f e is the vibration frequency of the engine; f x is the suspension vibration frequency; V is the vehicle traveling speed, V 0 is the baseline value of the vehicle traveling speed; m is the vehicle weight, m 0 is the base value of the vehicle weight.
作为进一步的优选，根据经验设定Ia＝Ib＝0.5A，V0＝45～60km/h；m0＝1800～2000kg。As a further preference, I a =I b =0.5A, V 0 =45-60km/h, and m 0 =1800-2000kg are set based on experience.
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节和这里示出与描述的图例。Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the description and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, they can easily Additional modifications may be made, and the invention is therefore not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and equivalent scope.
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