CN110698574B - Morphology inducer of super-capacitor active substance and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Morphology inducer of super-capacitor active substance and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN110698574B
CN110698574B CN201910976730.8A CN201910976730A CN110698574B CN 110698574 B CN110698574 B CN 110698574B CN 201910976730 A CN201910976730 A CN 201910976730A CN 110698574 B CN110698574 B CN 110698574B
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polyacrylonitrile
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hydroxylamine chloride
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CN110698574A (en
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高延敏
徐俊烽
张政
施方长
杨红洲
王明明
孙存思
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Jiangsu University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/30—Introducing nitrogen atoms or nitrogen-containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
    • C01G51/00—Compounds of cobalt
    • C01G51/006—Compounds containing, besides cobalt, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen

Abstract

The invention discloses a morphology inducer of a super-capacitor active substance and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the appearance inducer comprises the following steps: weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio, wherein the polyacrylonitrile is soaked in N' N-dimethylformamide and subjected to heat treatment to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution, the hydroxylamine chloride and anhydrous sodium carbonate are dissolved in glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution, the hydroxylamine chloride solution is slowly dripped into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring until the solution is transparent, then carrying out heat treatment, the obtained mixed solution is slowly dripped into deionized water while stirring, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous morphology inducer. The method has simple process, and the prepared morphology inducer is used for the super-capacitor active substance, can prepare the active substance with the shapes of granule, sheet, flower, rod, double-diamond cone and the like, and has better capacitance performance.

Description

Morphology inducer of super-capacitor active substance and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of super-capacitor morphology inducer, and particularly relates to a morphology inducer of a super-capacitor active substance, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Global warming and more serious environmental pollution are due to the increasing demand for energy in human beings with the continuous progress of scientific technology and the continuous development of economic society. In order to solve the series of energy difficulties, it is very important to design a device capable of rapidly storing and releasing electric energy. The super capacitor is an energy storage device which can rapidly complete the charging and discharging process in a short time and achieve ultrahigh output power density. The super capacitor can be classified into a double electric layer super capacitor and a faraday pseudocapacitance according to the difference of the energy storage mechanism. The double-electric-layer super capacitor stores energy by utilizing the micropore adsorption characteristic of the surface of an active substance, and does not generate electrochemical reaction. The Faraday pseudocapacitance stores energy by means of highly reversible redox reaction of surface active substances, and although the service life of the Faraday pseudocapacitance is shorter than that of an electric double-layer super capacitor, the energy storage density of the Faraday pseudocapacitance can reach dozens of times of that of the Faraday pseudocapacitance.
For the study of the faradaic pseudocapacitance, the researchers mainly focused the study on the transition metal oxide. Currently, more common capacitive active materials include: ruthenium oxide, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, cobalt oxide, nickel oxide, and other active materials containing polyvalent metal ions. The current practical preparation methods are a sintering method and a solvothermal method, the sintering method is simple and easy to operate, but the size is usually difficult to control; the crystal grains prepared by the solvothermal method are fine, but the agglomeration phenomenon is easily caused. In order to make the prepared crystal grains more in line with production requirements and grow crystal grains with more special shapes, a shape inducer of a super-capacitor active substance needs to be developed, but no corresponding product or mature research report is published at present.
The particle morphology has a great influence on the oxide capacitance performance. However, currently, the control of the oxidation capacitance basically adopts small molecules, and during the use process, the small molecule materials are in the composition and influence the property of the capacitance.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a morphology inducer for a super-capacitor active substance, and the specific technical scheme is as follows:
a morphology inducer for a supercapacitor active material, the morphology inducer having the following molecular structure:
Figure BDA0002233884270000021
the inducer is characterized in that a group structure on a liquid polyacrylonitrile molecular chain is modified by hydroxylamine chloride solution, so that amidoxime groups are grafted on side chains; utilizing the ionic inductivity of amidoxime groups to control the appearance of the super-capacitor active substance crystal grains precipitated by a solvothermal method; wherein 1 part by mass of hydroxylamine chloride is suitable for modifying polyacrylonitrile with the mass of 3-5 times.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a preparation method of a morphology inducer of a super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-5;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in a baking oven at the temperature of 75-85 ℃ for heat preservation for 15-25 min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 30-70 times that of the polyacrylonitrile;
step 3, putting hydroxylamine chloride and anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol at the same time, and rapidly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution, wherein the molar ratio of the hydroxylamine chloride to the anhydrous sodium carbonate is 1:1, and the mass of the glycerol is 5-20 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring until the solution is transparent, and then placing the solution into an oven at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the mixed solution into deionized water while stirring, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
Preferably, the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide in the step 2 is 40-50 times that of the polyacrylonitrile.
Preferably, the mass of the glycerol in the step 3 is 8-12 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate.
Preferably, the stirring speed in the 4 th step and the 5 th step is 1000-1500 r/min.
Preferably, the dosage of the deionized water in the step 5 is 3-4 times of the volume of the mixed solution.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance is applied to appearance control of the super-capacitor active substance.
The specific application method is as follows:
step 1, respectively weighing a copper source, a cobalt source and a sulfur source according to the molar ratio of the copper source to the cobalt source to the sulfur source of 1:2:4, wherein the copper source is copper chloride, copper sulfate or copper acetate, the cobalt source is cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate or cobalt acetate, and the sulfur source is thiourea or sodium sulfide;
step 2, adding a copper source and a cobalt source into glycerol, and quickly stirring until the copper source and the cobalt source are completely dissolved in the glycerol, wherein the using amount of the glycerol is 25 times of the total mass of the copper source and the cobalt source;
step 3, slowly dripping deionized water into the sulfur source while stirring until the sulfur source is completely dissolved;
step 4, mixing the solutions obtained in the step 2 and the step 3, adding the morphology inducer with the mass 2 times that of the mixture, stirring for 20min to uniformly disperse ions, and pouring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle for sealing;
and 5, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle in an oven at 180-220 ℃ for solvothermal reaction, continuously preserving heat for 10 hours, taking out the high-pressure reaction kettle, pouring out the mixed solution in the high-pressure reaction kettle after complete cooling, diluting the mixed solution with deionized water, centrifuging the diluted solution, and preserving heat for 10 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 75 ℃ to obtain the super-capacitor active substance CuCo2S4A nanocrystal.
Preferably, the copper source, the cobalt source and the sulfur source are respectively copper chloride, cobalt nitrate and thiourea.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the shape inducer provided by the invention can be used for preparing active substances with shapes of nano-particles, sheets, flowers, rods, double-diamond cones and the like according to the temperature change during the preparation of the super-capacitor active substance, and is an effective means for preparing the active substances with specific shapes. Moreover, the morphology inducer of the invention can also improve the capacitance performance of the supercapacitor.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of a supercapacitor active material obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a supercapacitor active material obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of a supercapacitor active material obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of a supercapacitor active material obtained in example 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of a supercapacitor active material obtained in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of a supercapacitor active material obtained in example 6 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison between the capacity and the cycle life of the supercapacitor active materials obtained in examples 1 to 6.
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
(1) The preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 4;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 40 times that of the polyacrylonitrile, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in an oven at 85 ℃ for heat preservation for 15min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution;
step 3, weighing anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to the hydroxylamine chloride, simultaneously putting the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol, wherein the mass of the glycerol is 8 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate, and quickly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 1000-1500 r/min, and placing the solution in an oven at 80 ℃ for heat preservation for 3 hours after the solution is transparent;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the reacted mixed solution into deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 3 times of the volume of the mixed solution, stirring while dropwise adding, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
(2) Preparing the super-capacitor active material:
to prepare CuCo2S4Nanocrystalline particles of active material, for example, for the preparation of CuCo2S4The copper source, the cobalt source and the sulfur source of the active substance are respectively as follows: copper chloride, cobalt nitrate and thiourea. The preparation process comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing copper chloride, cobalt nitrate and thiourea according to a molar ratio of 1:2:4 of the copper chloride, the cobalt nitrate and the thiourea respectively;
step 2, adding copper chloride and cobalt nitrate into glycerol, and quickly stirring until the copper chloride and the cobalt nitrate are completely dissolved in the glycerol, wherein the using amount of the glycerol is 25 times of the total mass of the copper chloride and the cobalt nitrate;
step 3, slowly dripping deionized water into thiourea while stirring until the thiourea is completely dissolved;
step 4, mixing the solutions obtained in the step 2 and the step 3, adding the morphology inducer with the mass 2 times that of the mixture, stirring for 20min to uniformly disperse ions, and pouring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle for sealing;
step 5, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle in an oven at 180 ℃ for solvothermal reaction, keeping the temperature for 10 hours continuously, taking out the high-pressure reaction kettle, pouring out the mixed solution in the high-pressure reaction kettle after complete cooling, diluting the mixed solution by using deionized water for 5 times, centrifuging the diluted solution, and keeping the temperature in a vacuum drying oven at 75 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the super-capacitor active substance CuCo2S4A nanocrystal.
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of example 1 of the present invention. Due to the selected reaction conditions, from the figureIn which CuCo is seen to appear granular2S4The nano crystal has fine particle size and uniform and concentrated distribution.
Example 2
(1) The preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 3;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 50 times that of the polyacrylonitrile, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in an oven at the temperature of 80 ℃ for heat preservation for 20min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution;
step 3, weighing anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to the hydroxylamine chloride, simultaneously adding the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol, wherein the mass of the glycerol is 10 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate, and quickly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 1000-1500 r/min until the solution is transparent, and then placing the solution in a 90 ℃ oven for heat preservation for 2 hours;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the reacted mixed solution into deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 4 times of the volume of the mixed solution, stirring while dropwise adding, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
(2) Preparing the super-capacitor active material:
the same procedure as in example 1, wherein the solvothermal reaction in step 5 was carried out at 180 ℃.
FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of example 2 of the present invention. Due to the selected reaction conditions, it can be seen that CuCo is present in a flake form2S4The nano-crystal has fine particle size and is distributed more dispersedly.
Example 3
(1) The preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 3;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 45 times that of the polyacrylonitrile, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in a 75-DEG C oven for heat preservation for 25min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution;
step 3, weighing anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to the hydroxylamine chloride, simultaneously adding the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol, wherein the mass of the glycerol is 12 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate, and quickly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 1000-1500 r/min until the solution is transparent, and then placing the solution in an oven at 85 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the reacted mixed solution into deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 3-4 times of the volume of the mixed solution, stirring while dropwise adding, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
(2) Preparing the super-capacitor active material:
the same procedure as in example 1, wherein the solvothermal reaction in step 5 was carried out at a temperature of 200 ℃.
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of example 3 of the present invention. Due to the selected reaction conditions, flower-like CuCo is observed2S4The nano crystal has fine particle size and uniform and concentrated distribution.
Example 4
(1) The preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 4;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 40 times that of the polyacrylonitrile, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in a 75 ℃ oven for heat preservation for 20min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution;
step 3, weighing anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to the hydroxylamine chloride, simultaneously putting the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol, wherein the mass of the glycerol is 8 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate, and quickly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 1000-1500 r/min, and placing the solution in a 90 ℃ oven for heat preservation for 3 hours after the solution is transparent;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the reacted mixed solution into deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 3-4 times of the volume of the mixed solution, stirring while dropwise adding, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
(2) Preparing the super-capacitor active material:
the same procedure as in example 1, wherein the solvothermal reaction in step 5 was carried out at a temperature of 200 ℃.
FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of example 4 of the present invention. As a result of the selected reaction conditions, it can be seen that CuCo takes on a rod shape2S4The nano crystal has regular appearance and smooth surface.
Example 5
(1) The preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 5;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 50 times that of the polyacrylonitrile, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in a 75 ℃ oven for heat preservation for 15min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution;
step 3, weighing anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to the hydroxylamine chloride, simultaneously adding the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol, wherein the mass of the glycerol is 12 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate, and quickly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring, wherein the stirring speed is 1000-1500 r/min until the solution is transparent, and then placing the solution in an oven at 80 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the reacted mixed solution into deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 4 times of the volume of the mixed solution, stirring while dropwise adding, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
(2) Preparing the super-capacitor active material:
the same procedure as in example 1, wherein the solvothermal reaction in step 5 was carried out at a temperature of 220 ℃.
FIG. 5 is an electron micrograph of example 5 of the present invention. Due to the selected reaction conditions, it can be seen that CuCo appears tapered2S4The nano-crystal has uniform particle size, smooth surface and uniform distribution.
Example 6
(1) The preparation method of the appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance comprises the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 4;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 50 times that of the polyacrylonitrile, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in an oven at 85 ℃ for heat preservation for 20min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution;
step 3, weighing anhydrous sodium carbonate according to the molar ratio of the anhydrous sodium carbonate to the hydroxylamine chloride, simultaneously putting the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol, wherein the mass of the glycerol is 8 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate, and quickly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution;
4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring at the stirring speed of 1000-1500 r/min until the solution is transparent, and then placing the solution into a drying oven at the temperature of 90 ℃ for heat preservation for 2 hours;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the reacted mixed solution into deionized water, wherein the using amount of the deionized water is 3-4 times of the volume of the mixed solution, stirring while dropwise adding, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
(2) Preparing the super-capacitor active material:
the same procedure as in example 1, wherein the solvothermal reaction in step 5 was carried out at a temperature of 220 ℃.
FIG. 6 is an electron micrograph of example 6 of the present invention. Due to the selected reaction conditions, it can be seen that CuCo appears tapered2S4The nano crystal has uniform particle size and smooth surface.
The results of tests performed after the above active materials were prepared into electrodes are shown in the following table and fig. 7:
Figure BDA0002233884270000071
the results show that: the granular nano-shape of example 1 has uniform particles, smaller size, and the best specific capacity and cycling performance as measured compared to other shapes.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of a morphology inducer of a super-capacitor active substance is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing hydroxylamine chloride and polyacrylonitrile according to a mass ratio of 1: 3-5;
step 2, soaking polyacrylonitrile in N 'N-dimethylformamide, and then placing the polyacrylonitrile in a baking oven at the temperature of 75-85 ℃ for heat preservation for 15-25 min to obtain a polyacrylonitrile solution, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide is 30-70 times that of the polyacrylonitrile;
step 3, putting hydroxylamine chloride and anhydrous sodium carbonate into glycerol at the same time, and rapidly stirring until the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate are completely dissolved in the glycerol to obtain a hydroxylamine chloride solution, wherein the molar ratio of the hydroxylamine chloride to the anhydrous sodium carbonate is 1:1, and the mass of the glycerol is 5-20 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate;
step 4, slowly dripping the hydroxylamine chloride solution into the polyacrylonitrile solution while stirring until the solution is transparent, and then placing the solution into an oven at the temperature of 80-90 ℃ for heat preservation for 2-3 hours to obtain a mixed solution;
and 5, slowly dropwise adding the mixed solution into deionized water while stirring, and finally centrifuging to obtain the gelatinous appearance inducer of the super-capacitor active substance.
2. The method for preparing the morphology inducer for the supercapacitor active material according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the N' N-dimethylformamide in the step 2 is 40-50 times that of polyacrylonitrile.
3. The method for preparing the morphology inducer for the supercapacitor active material according to claim 1, wherein the mass of the glycerol in the step 3 is 8-12 times of the total mass of the hydroxylamine chloride and the anhydrous sodium carbonate.
4. The method for preparing a morphology inducer of a supercapacitor active material according to claim 1, characterized in that the stirring speed in the 4 th step and the 5 th step is 1000 to 1500 r/min.
5. The method for preparing a morphology inducer of a supercapacitor active material according to claim 1, wherein the amount of deionized water in the step 5 is 3-4 times of the volume of the mixed solution.
6. Use of a morphology inducer for a supercapacitor active material prepared according to the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 5 for morphology control of a supercapacitor active material.
7. The application of claim 6, wherein the specific application method is as follows:
step 1, respectively weighing a copper source, a cobalt source and a sulfur source according to the molar ratio of the copper source to the cobalt source to the sulfur source of 1:2:4, wherein the copper source is copper chloride, copper sulfate or copper acetate, the cobalt source is cobalt chloride, cobalt nitrate or cobalt acetate, and the sulfur source is thiourea or sodium sulfide;
step 2, adding a copper source and a cobalt source into glycerol, and quickly stirring until the copper source and the cobalt source are completely dissolved in the glycerol, wherein the using amount of the glycerol is 25 times of the total mass of the copper source and the cobalt source;
step 3, slowly dripping deionized water into the sulfur source while stirring until the sulfur source is completely dissolved;
step 4, mixing the solutions obtained in the step 2 and the step 3, adding 2 times of the mixture by mass of the morphology inducer in the claim 1, stirring for 20min to uniformly disperse ions, and pouring the mixture into a high-pressure reaction kettle for sealing;
and 5, placing the high-pressure reaction kettle in an oven at 180-220 ℃ for solvothermal reaction, continuously preserving heat for 10 hours, taking out the high-pressure reaction kettle, pouring out the mixed solution in the high-pressure reaction kettle after complete cooling, diluting the mixed solution with deionized water, centrifuging the diluted solution, and preserving heat for 10 hours in a vacuum drying oven at 75 ℃ to obtain the super-capacitor active substance CuCo2S4A nanocrystal.
8. The use according to claim 7, wherein the copper source, cobalt source and sulfur source are respectively copper chloride, cobalt nitrate and thiourea.
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