CN110694735A - double roll crusher - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a double-roller crusher, comprising: a crushing chamber, in which a pair of crushing rollers are arranged, and a discharge port of the crushing chamber is arranged at the lower end; the outer sleeve part is sleeved outside the crushing chamber and forms an airflow channel with the crushing chamber, and the upper end of the outer sleeve part corresponding to the airflow channel is provided with an air inlet for introducing compressed air; the discharge pipeline is connected with the discharge port and the lower port of the airflow channel; wherein the lower opening of the gas flow channel surrounds the discharge opening. The double-roller crusher can effectively improve the bouncing problem of elastic materials during crushing.

Description

double roll crusher

technical field

The present invention relates to a double-roller crusher.

Background technique

Different crushed materials have different requirements for the crusher. The materials are hard and brittle materials and the materials are elastic materials, and the suitable crushing opportunities are very different. Hard and brittle materials are represented by stone, and elastic materials are represented by rubber. For elastic materials, when broken, because of their strong resilience, after the broken part is separated from the body, the broken part is broken. Due to the need to restore the deformation, the bouncing occurs, and it may be ejected from the feed port. For hard and brittle materials, due to their brittleness during crushing, it conforms to Jacob Bohr's law, not only particles with desired particle size, but also components with extremely small particle size, which can be called dust. Dust has a large specific surface area and is easy to directly Floating from the feed inlet.

It should be noted that, in principle, the volume of the incoming material should be the same as the volume of the discharged material. However, due to the increase of the specific surface area of the material after crushing, the adhesion of the gas is enhanced, and the crushing will produce an increase in temperature. When feeding at a constant speed, positive pressure will still be generated in the crushing cavity, and elastic materials (generally low density) and dust will be ejected or floated out from the feeding port.

Chinese patent document CN107812575A discloses a crusher for mining. The outside of the box of the crusher for mining is provided with a fan for inducing air, the inlet of the fan is directly connected with the box, and the outlet of the fan is connected to a dust collecting box, which passes the induced air. way to directly introduce the dust in the crusher into the box. Although the air induction method is simple and direct, for the equipment used for air induction, fans, vacuum pumps and other equipment are usually used. These devices have relatively high requirements on the impurity content of the induced air, such as crushed stone powder, which enters The fan will cause rapid wear of the fan blades, and the crushed stone powder may enter the impeller bearing clearance and cause the bearing to fail quickly. For vacuum pumps, it is usually not possible to directly introduce air with a high impurity content, and in principle, it cannot be used for dust removal. If vacuum equipment is used for dust removal, it is usually necessary to set up filtering equipment at the front stage of the vacuum equipment, such as traditional bag dust removal equipment, which is located in the front stage of the drainage fan, instead of being directly discharged into the dust box through the drainage fan.

Similarly, the Chinese patent document CN109127097A also uses the extraction method to generate negative pressure to extract the dust generated during crushing. For Chinese patent document CN107876148A, a sieve plate is arranged in the body, and a discharge port is arranged under the sieve plate. The discharge port is connected with a dust collecting box through a material guide cylinder. There is a dust suction port connecting the two, and a negative pressure generating device is arranged inside the dust collecting box, which essentially also forms a negative pressure by means of drafting. Although there is a filter and adsorption mechanism between the negative pressure generating device and the dust suction port to prevent dust from directly entering the negative pressure generating device. However, the pulverizer is different from the domestic environment, the amount of dust generated is very large, and the filter adsorption device has a certain adsorption capacity, which may soon cause the filter adsorption device to lose its adsorption function.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a double-roller crusher that can effectively improve the bounce problem of elastic materials during crushing, so as to reduce the amount of material ejected from the feed port.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a double-roll crusher is provided, comprising:

The crushing chamber is built with a pair of crushing rollers, and the discharge port of the crushing chamber is at the lower end;

The outer casing part is sheathed outside the crushing chamber and forms an air flow channel with the crushing chamber, and the upper end of the outer casing part corresponding to the upper end of the air flow channel is provided with an air inlet for introducing compressed gas;

The discharge pipe is connected with the discharge port and the lower port of the airflow channel;

Wherein, the lower opening of the airflow channel surrounds the discharge opening.

In the above-mentioned double-roll crusher, optionally, the lower end of the crushing chamber is a conical head;

Correspondingly, the lower part of the outer sleeve portion is a tapered portion, and an inclined channel is formed with the tapered head.

Optionally, the taper between the tapered head and the tapered portion is the same.

Optionally, the main body of the crushing chamber is a quadrangular chamber with a rectangular bottom;

Correspondingly, the main body of the outer sleeve is a rectangular sleeve body with a rectangular bottom surface;

The rectangular sleeve body extends downward at the lower end face of the quadrangular chamber and extends downwards beyond the quadrangular chamber, and the excess portion is used to determine the height of the inclined channel in the normal direction of the tapered portion.

Optionally, the ratio of the area of the discharge port to the flow cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe is 3:5 to 4:5;

The taper of the tapered portion is 3:1 to 1:1.

Optionally, there are two air inlets, the two air inlets are symmetrically arranged, and the symmetry plane is the intersection of the large diameter cylinders of the two crushing rollers.

Optionally, the upper end of the crushing chamber has a flange;

The flange is supported on the upper end face of the outer casing portion and fastened with screws.

Optionally, the feeding hopper assembled or formed on the flange is a structure that gradually closes downward, and the direction of the closing is the direction in which the two crushing rollers meet.

Optionally, it is determined that the side of the lower opening of the feeding hopper exceeds the vertical middle section of the crushing roller on the side where it is located.

Optionally, the air inlet is configured as a quadrangular pyramid opening;

Accordingly, the structure for determining the outlet and air inlet has:

the upper side, the horizontal plane of the upper side;

The lower side is the side that slopes downward;

The two side surfaces are vertical surfaces, and are enclosed with the aforementioned upper and lower surfaces to form the feed port.

In the embodiment of the present invention, a jacket portion is fitted with the periphery of the crushing chamber, an airflow channel with an upper end closed and a lower end open is formed between the outer jacket portion and the crushing chamber, an air inlet is opened at the upper end, and a communication port is formed at the open lower end. The discharge port of the crushing chamber is surrounded by the communication port, and then a discharge pipe is provided to connect the communication port and the discharge port. When the compressed gas descends through the airflow channel, the airflow in the discharge port is entrained and taken away. , in line with the principle of vacuum generator. Because the present invention uses positive pressure to generate negative pressure, uses a compressor to provide working gas, and generates negative pressure based on exhaust gas, no dust-carrying gas is required to pass through the compressor, so it is not necessary to set up a filter device, which greatly simplifies the use of negative pressure to reduce dust. Structure. Due to the suction effect of negative pressure, a strong downward traction force can be generated on the elastic material with a relatively small density, so that the crushed material with a relatively small rebound speed cannot be ejected, and the crushed material with a relatively large rebound speed can be ejected. The probability will also be greatly reduced.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the main cross-sectional structure of the twin-roll crusher in one embodiment (the fasteners are omitted).

FIG. 2 is a left cross-sectional structural diagram corresponding to FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view corresponding to FIG. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Discharge port, 2. Discharge pipe, 3. Conical part, 4. Discharge port, 5. Cylindrical part, 6. Crushing chamber, 7. Feed port, 8. Flange, 9 . Feeding hopper, 10. Feeding port, 11. Crushing roller, 12. Conical head, 13. Vertical channel, 14. Inclined channel, 15. Screw.

Detailed ways

There are at least two crushing rollers 11 for crushing the elastic material. In the embodiment of the present invention, the applicable crusher is a double-roller crusher, which is suitable for constructing a vacuum generator structure.

The structure shown in Figures 1 and 2 is not the most preferred structure, and in a more preferred structure, the discharge pipe 2 is a conical pipe with a small upper part and a large lower part.

For the double-roll crusher, the pair of crushing rollers 11 equipped with it needs to be meshed, and the elastic material can be crushed based on the meshing. The tooth top of the crushing roller 11 determines the large diameter of the crushing roller 11, and the tooth bottom determines the small diameter of the crushing roller 11. The tooth top of a pair of meshing crushing rollers 11 can reach the tooth bottom of the other crushing roller 11, but generally There will be some headspace.

Both ends of the crushing roller 11 are mounted on a pair of opposite side walls of the crushing chamber 6 through bearings, and a shaft head is left at one end. An input component is installed on the bearing. The input component can be a gear or a sprocket. In some applications, it is also Pulleys can be used, and the drive can be effected by means of a suitable gearing mechanism, for example.

The discharge port 4 of the crushing chamber 11 is usually located at the lower end of the crushing chamber 11. Generally, the material is discharged based on gravity. Compared with hard and brittle materials, elastic materials are generally less dense, and the characteristics of gravity-based material are not as obvious as hard and brittle materials. Most of the materials have good elasticity, but in the process of extrusion, cutting and crushing, there will be pulling, and the small pieces of material formed after crushing will rebound and cause some materials to jump up directly, which may jump out of the crushing chamber 6.

When the negative pressure in the crushing cavity is relatively large, the probability of small pieces of elastic material jumping out of the crushing cavity will be greatly reduced. For small pieces of elastic material with relatively weak rebound force or poor ejection direction, it can be directly prevented from jumping out. Even for a relatively large rebound force, the probability of its ejection will be greatly reduced.

In the embodiment of the present invention, the downward suction force of the crushing chamber is increased to reduce the amount of elastic material ejected in small pieces after crushing. Specifically, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a jacket portion is provided, which is composed of a cylindrical portion 5 and a tapered portion 3 in the drawings, and can be integrated with the discharge pipe 2 shown in the drawings, In some applications, the total of the three may be referred to as the jacket portion.

The jacket part is sheathed outside the crushing chamber 6. It can be seen in FIG. 1 that the section of the jacket part at the same position in the up and down direction is larger than that of the crushing chamber 11, thereby forming an airflow channel with the crushing chamber 11, such as the vertical channel 13 shown in the figure. , inclined channel 14 . An air inlet 7 for introducing compressed gas is opened at the upper end of the outer casing portion corresponding to the air flow passage. It can be seen from this that the negative pressure is generated by positive pressure, and the medium of the device for providing compressed gas is air, not the gas with extremely high impurity content directly from the discharge port 4, and the air impurity content is relatively low. Under the condition of the intake filter device, it is not necessary to replace the filter element of the filter device for a long time.

As for the discharge pipe 2 , the discharge port 4 and the lower port of the airflow channel are connected to the top, and the discharge channel 2 is located directly below the discharge port 4 and coaxial with the discharge port 4 . Furthermore, the lower port of the airflow channel is made to surround the periphery of the discharge port 4. When a rapid downward airflow is generated at the lower port, a negative pressure will be generated at the discharge port 4, thereby generating a negative pressure through positive pressure based on the effect of the vacuum generator. , while eliminating the filtration problems caused by negative pressure-based equipment.

For the conical head 12 at the lower end of the crushing chamber 6 and the conical part 3 shown in the figure, on the one hand, it is based on the structure adapted to effectively construct the vacuum generator; Under the condition that the entire circumferential direction of the outer jacket portion cannot be covered, the tapered portion 3 has better circumferential dispersion.

Correspondingly, a conical head 12 is formed at the lower end of the crushing chamber 6, and the conical head 12 is also easy to form a discharge hopper structure, which is convenient for collecting materials and facilitating the recovery of discharged materials. Correspondingly, the lower part of the outer casing is a tapered portion 3, so that the tapered portion 3 cooperates with the tapered head 12 to form an inclined channel 14, gradually making the air flow introduced from the two air inlets 7 in FIG. 1 to the periphery to dispersion.

In some embodiments, the taper between the tapered head 12 and the tapered portion 3 is the same. In other embodiments, the taper between the tapered head 12 and the tapered portion 3 is different. In the latter embodiment, the taper of the tapered head 12 is greater than that of the tapered portion 3, so that the inclined channel 14 is Under the condition of conical shrinkage, further shrinkage will occur, and lasing can be generated at the end of the inclined channel 14, so that the negative pressure formed will be greater.

It can be seen from the structure shown in FIG. 3 that the twin-roll crusher as a whole is a rectangular structure in a top view, and the adapted geometry is a quadrangular structure or a so-called rectangular tube structure. Correspondingly, the main body of the crushing chamber 6 is a quadrangular chamber with a rectangular bottom; the main body of the outer casing is also a rectangular casing with a rectangular bottom, so that the channel section between the outer casing and the crushing chamber 6 is a rectangular ring structure.

Furthermore, the length of the rectangular sleeve is greater than the length of the quadrangular chamber, and at the lower end face of the quadrangular chamber, the rectangular sleeve further extends downward from the lower end face of the quadrangular chamber and extends downward beyond the quadrangular chamber. The part of is used to determine the height of the inclined channel 14 normal to the tapered part.

In order to effectively construct the vacuum generating structure, the area of the discharge port 4, that is, the area determined by the diameter of the discharge port 4, the ratio of this area to the flow cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe is 3:5~4:5.

Correspondingly, the taper of the tapered portion is 3:1~1:1, which belongs to the short-tapered structure, for example, a relatively efficient entrainment effect of the airflow is formed.

It can be understood that the more air inlets 7, the more conducive to forming a relatively uniform airflow in the circumferential direction, but the more air inlets 7, the more difficult the piping will be. In a preferred embodiment, the air inlets 7 have two One, under the condition of relatively low piping difficulty, it still has a relatively good vacuum generator effect.

The two air inlets 7 are symmetrically arranged, and the symmetrical plane is the intersection of the large-diameter cylinders of the two crushing rollers 11 , that is, the left and right middle section shown in FIG. 1 .

In FIG. 1 , as mentioned above, the discharge pipe 2 , the conical part 3 and the cylindrical part 5 can be constructed as a whole to form a variable diameter pipe structure, which can be called the outer casing part as a whole. The upper end face of the reducing pipe structure can be used as the bearing end face, and the crushing chamber 6 can be directly installed on the bearing end face.

Correspondingly, the upper end of the crushing chamber 11 has a flange 8 for a structure similar to a flange plate. The flange 8 radially protrudes from the body of the crushing chamber 6 and is adapted to the aforementioned bearing end face, and the screws are opened in the opposite position. The flange 8 is fixed to the upper end of the cylindrical part 5 with the screw 15.

The flange 8 is a rectangular flange surrounding the crushing chamber 6 in the circumferential direction, and a sealing felt ring can be arranged between the flange 8 and the bearing end surface to form a seal.

In the structure shown in FIG. 1, it can be seen that the part of the flange corresponding to the vertical channel 13 has a conical structure, which is convenient for quick assembly and positioning. In addition, the presence of the conical structure allows the gas introduced through the horizontal air inlet 7 to be directed into a vertically downward airflow.

In some embodiments, the air inlet 7 may be opened on the flange 8, and the air inlet 7 opened on the flange 8 is vertically downward.

Because the initial velocity of the compressed gas is relatively large, if the air inlet 7 is opened on the flange 8, the dispersion in the circumferential direction of the vertical passage 13 is relatively poor. Relatively speaking, adopting the structure in which the air inlet 7 is adapted to the part of the flange located at the vertical channel 13 as shown in FIG. 1 is beneficial to improve the dispersion of the compressed gas in the circumferential direction of the vertical channel 13 .

In the structure shown in FIG. 1 , the feeding port 10 forms a hopper structure with a large top and a small bottom, and gradually closes from top to bottom, reducing the area of the feeding port 10 and reducing the difficulty of ejecting the pulverized material. It is also possible to provide a separate feed hopper with regard to the feed opening 10 , the feed hopper being fitted on the flange 8 .

Regarding the direction of the closing of the feeding port 10 , as shown in FIG. 1 , the closing direction is preferably the direction in which the two crushing rollers 11 meet, that is, the left-right direction shown in FIG. 1 .

Regarding the axial direction of the crushing roller 11 , the lower end of the feeding port 10 may be consistent with the axial length of the portion of the crushing roller 11 where the crushing teeth are distributed.

In the structure shown in FIG. 1 , it is determined that the side of the lower opening of the feeding hopper exceeds the vertical middle section of the crushing roller 11 on the side where it is located. Specifically, the width of the lower end of the feed opening 10 in the left-right direction in FIG. 1 is smaller than the center-to-center distance between the two crushing rollers 11 .

In a preferred embodiment, the width of the lower end of the feeding port 10 in the left-right direction in FIG. 1 is preferably 0.8 to 0.9 times the center-to-center distance between the two crushing rollers 11 .

In the structure shown in FIG. 1, the air inlet 7 is configured as a quadrangular pyramid opening;

Accordingly, the structure for determining the outlet and air inlet 7 has:

the upper side, the horizontal plane of the upper side;

The lower side is the side that slopes downward;

The two side surfaces are vertical surfaces, and are enclosed with the aforementioned upper and lower side surfaces to form the air inlet 7. According to this structure, the flow resistance can be reduced.

Claims (10)

1. a double-roller crusher, is characterized in that, comprises: The crushing chamber is built with a pair of crushing rollers, and the discharge port of the crushing chamber is at the lower end; The outer casing part is sheathed outside the crushing chamber and forms an air flow channel with the crushing chamber, and the upper end of the outer casing part corresponding to the upper end of the air flow channel is provided with an air inlet for introducing compressed gas; The discharge pipe is connected with the discharge port and the lower port of the airflow channel; Wherein, the lower opening of the airflow channel surrounds the discharge opening. 2. The twin-roll crusher according to claim 1, wherein the lower end of the crushing chamber is a conical head; Correspondingly, the lower part of the outer sleeve portion is a tapered portion, and an inclined channel is formed with the tapered head. 3 . The twin-roll crusher according to claim 2 , wherein the taper between the conical head and the conical portion is the same. 4 . 4. The twin-roll crusher according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the main body of the crushing chamber is a quadrangular chamber with a rectangular bottom surface; Correspondingly, the main body of the outer sleeve is a rectangular sleeve body with a rectangular bottom surface; The rectangular sleeve body extends downward at the lower end face of the quadrangular chamber and extends downwards beyond the quadrangular chamber, and the excess portion is used to determine the height of the inclined channel in the normal direction of the tapered portion. 5. The twin-roll crusher according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, the ratio of the area of the discharge port to the cross-sectional area of the discharge pipe is 3:5 to 4:5; The taper of the tapered portion is 3:1 to 1:1. 6 . The twin-roll crusher according to claim 1 , wherein there are two air inlets, the two air inlets are symmetrically arranged, and the symmetrical plane is the intersection of the large diameter cylinders of the two crushing rollers. 7 . 7. The twin-roll crusher according to claim 1, wherein the upper end of the crushing chamber has a flange; The flange is supported on the upper end face of the outer casing portion and fastened with screws. 8 . The twin-roll crusher according to claim 7 , wherein the feeding hopper assembled or formed on the flange is a structure that gradually closes downward, and the direction of the closing is the direction in which the two crushing rolls meet. 9 . 9 . The twin-roll crusher according to claim 8 , wherein the side of the lower opening of the feed hopper is determined to surpass the vertical middle section of the crushing roller on the side where it is located. 10 . 10. The twin-roll crusher according to claim 1, wherein the air inlet is configured as a quadrangular pyramid opening; Accordingly, the structure for determining the outlet and air inlet has: the upper side, the horizontal plane of the upper side; The lower side is the side that slopes downward; The two side surfaces are vertical surfaces, and are enclosed with the aforementioned upper and lower surfaces to form the feed port.

Images