CN110692649A - 一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏 - Google Patents

一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏 Download PDF

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CN110692649A
CN110692649A CN201911036223.2A CN201911036223A CN110692649A CN 110692649 A CN110692649 A CN 110692649A CN 201911036223 A CN201911036223 A CN 201911036223A CN 110692649 A CN110692649 A CN 110692649A
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ointment
tree trunk
oil
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吕朝军
钟宝珠
覃伟权
阎伟
李朝绪
杨其存
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Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由溶剂、成型物、分散物、填充物、增效物、树干保护物和药剂组成。本发明药膏可用于茎干注射，也可用于茎干涂抹防治害虫，具有施药方便，药剂利用率高的特点；该药膏制备简单，只需按照规定的重量比例将各原料混合均匀即可制得。

Description

一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏
技术领域
本发明属植物保护学领域，涉及一种虫害防治的膏剂物，具体涉及一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏。
背景技术
在种类繁多的植物病虫害中，树干病虫害是其中很大的一类。由于树干在供给枝条、叶部及果实方面的重要性，加上树干起着支撑整个植株的作用，因此一旦受害，轻则造成植株长势衰弱，严重时造成植株倒伏死亡。
目前的树干病虫害的主要以化学防治为主，其中以树干打孔灌药和针头药剂注射使用较为广泛，而这些方法由于药剂的使用一般以水剂和乳油等为主，高浓度的药剂会在树干体内残留，造成对果实品质的伤害，另一方面由于药剂不经缓冲直接与树干内部接触，会造成对对树干的二次伤害。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种用于树干虫害防治的药膏，在防治害虫的前提下，又减少了对植株树干的二次伤害。
为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：提供一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量份数的成分混合制成：溶剂5～75份、成型物5～60份、分散物10～45份、填充物20～80份、增效物2～10份、树干保护物0.5～20份、药剂5～45份；
所述树干保护物为硫酸铜、升汞溶液、石硫合剂、a-萘乙酸的一种或几种；
所述药剂为化学杀虫剂或生防天敌微生物。
较佳地，所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、甲乙酮、异氟尔酮、吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、环己酮中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述成型物为阿拉伯胶、蜂蜡、丁苯胶乳、硅酸铝镁、海藻酸钠、糊精、黄原胶、琼脂、聚丙烯酰胺、可溶性淀粉、明胶、天然树脂、凡士林、香豆酮树脂、石油树脂、萘酚-甲醛树脂中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述分散物为植物油、矿物油、丙三醇、松节油、吐温、水中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述植物油为椰子油、棕榈油、大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻油、花生油中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述填充物为凹凸棒石粘土、白炭黑、二氧化硅、高岭土、硅藻土、海泡石、二氧化钛、滑石粉、植物粉末、蒙脱土、木质素、膨润土、轻质碳酸钙、陶土、玉米淀粉、粘土中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述增效物为植物精油、有机硅、油酸甲酯、氮酮、增效磷的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述化学杀虫剂为啶虫脒、敌百虫、溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、氯噻啉、吡虫啉、杀虫双、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉、呋虫胺、噻嗪酮、氟虫腈、螺虫乙酯、丁烯氟虫腈、吡蚜酮中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述化学杀虫剂为啶虫脒、溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯噻啉、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述生防天敌微生物为昆虫病原线虫、白僵菌、绿僵菌、拟青霉中的一种或几种。
较佳地，所述生防天敌微生物为昆虫病原线虫。
本发明用于树干害虫防治的药膏制备简单，只需按照规定的份数比例将各原料混合均匀即可制得。
本发明用于树干病虫害防治的药膏在使用时较方便，因其为膏状，即可注射入虫孔，也可制作毒签使用，亦可黏附在树干表面作为害虫攀爬阻隔带使用，具有施药方便，药剂利用率高的特点；同时其中所含有的树干保护成分可以有效防治树干的腐烂，避免二次伤害的产生。
具体实施方式
实施例1、溴氰虫酰胺.噻虫嗪药膏
一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量的原料混配而成：丙醇20g、蜂蜡20g、橄榄油10g、白炭黑15g、有机硅5g、石硫合剂10g、溴氰虫酰胺13g、噻虫嗪7g。
将丙醇、蜂蜡、橄榄油、白炭黑在常温下搅拌均匀后，加入溴氰虫酰胺、噻虫嗪、石硫合剂后保存，使用前加入有机硅再次混匀后现配现用。
实施例2、氟虫腈药膏
一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量的原料混配而成：甲苯5g、琼脂10g、黄原胶5g、水40g、硅藻土30g、氮酮4g、a-萘乙酸1g、氟虫腈5g。
将琼脂、黄原胶融于加热后的水，静置至室温后加入甲苯、氮酮、硅藻土、氟虫腈和a-萘乙酸混合均匀并储存。
实施例3、氯虫苯甲酰胺药膏
一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量的原料混配而成：乙醇15g、凡士林20g、糊精15g、椰子油3g、大豆油3g、橄榄油4g、凹凸棒石粘土15g、滑石粉15g、油酸甲酯5g、a-萘乙酸2g、氯虫苯甲酰胺10g。
将所有成分混合后在常温下搅拌均匀，成膏状并保存备用。
实施例4、氯噻啉.丁烯氟虫腈药膏
一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量的原料混配而成：环己酮20g、黄原胶18g、矿物油15g、二氧化钛15g、高岭土5g、木质素3g、玉米淀粉3g、氮酮5g、a-萘乙酸5g、氯噻啉5g、0.1％升汞溶液2g、丁烯氟虫腈10g、啶虫脒5g。
将黄原胶融于热水后与所有成分混合后在常温下搅拌均匀，成膏状并保存备用。
实施例5、昆虫病原线虫药膏
一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量的原料混配而成：苯5g、吡咯烷酮5g、二甲亚砜5g、阿拉伯胶3g、香豆酮树脂3g、硅酸铝镁3g、松节油5g、吐温5g、二氧化硅15g、粘土5g、海泡石3g、植物精油10g、硫酸铜20g、昆虫病原线虫20g、绿僵菌10g。
将阿拉伯胶、香豆酮树脂融于热水后与所有成分混合后在常温下搅拌均匀，成膏状并保存备用。
实施例6、敌百虫.吡蚜酮.阿维菌素药膏
一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，由以下重量的原料混配而成：二甲苯20g、异丁醇10g、可溶性淀粉18g、丙三醇15g、棕榈油5g、轻质碳酸钙20g、增效磷2g、石硫合剂5g、敌百虫5g、吡蚜酮5g、阿维菌素5g。
将所有成分混合后在常温下搅拌均匀，成膏状并保存备用。
实施例7、室内防治效果测定
以红棕象甲为测试对象，研究实施例1～6对植株茎秆的保护效果。取甘蔗茎干截取为30cm茎段，从一端接入红棕象甲3龄幼虫，每根茎干接入试虫1头。每处理选择试虫50头，重复3次，以无添加组为对照组1，市面上的稀释100倍后的氯虫苯甲酰胺液剂为对照组2。待试虫全部钻出进入甘蔗茎干3天后，在最下端蛀孔填入各处理药膏2.5ml，用封口膜封口。处理后72h剖开茎段，统计红棕象甲死亡率。死亡标准为虫体皱缩，无法正常蠕动。
各处理结果如表1所示。本发明膏剂实施例1～6处理后，红棕象甲幼虫的校正死亡率均高于50％。
表1各药膏处理对红棕象甲幼虫室内防治作用
Figure BDA0002251571270000041
实施例8、对植株茎干影响测定
以海南省屯昌县椰子种植区为试验田地，选取树龄一致的结果期受红棕象甲危害椰树为测试对象，研究实施例1～6对植株茎秆的影响。取本发明实施例1～6的药膏对树干进行注射，以清水为对照组1，以稀释100倍后的氯虫苯甲酰胺液剂为对照组2，每处理取5棵树。钻孔深度为5cm，孔径为0.5m，处理后15d、30d、45d观察注射孔的变化。统计结果如表2所示。结果表明，各膏剂处理中，仅实施例5和实施例6的注射孔边缘在后期出现了轻微的腐烂；而清水对照中后期注射孔边缘腐烂严重，且孔洞变大；氯虫苯甲酰胺液剂处理中注射孔边缘从15d开始就出现腐烂，虽然在第45d腐烂的边缘开始干燥，但孔洞直径与处理前相比也明显增大。
表2不同药剂处理对椰子树的影响
Figure BDA0002251571270000052
Figure BDA0002251571270000061
根据实施例7和实施例8结果可以看出，本发明对于蛀干害虫具有较好的防治效果，同时对植株茎干的损伤要显著小于常规的药剂直接注射，具有很好的应用前景。
以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，因此依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于本发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于，由以下重量份数的成分混合制成：溶剂5～75份、成型物5～60份、分散物10～45份、填充物20～80份、增效物2～10份、树干保护物0.5～20份、药剂5～45份；
所述树干保护物为硫酸铜、升汞溶液、石硫合剂、a-萘乙酸的一种或几种；
所述药剂为化学杀虫剂或生防天敌微生物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述溶剂为苯、甲苯、二甲苯、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇、异丁醇、甲乙酮、异氟尔酮、吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲亚砜、环己酮中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述成型物为阿拉伯胶、蜂蜡、丁苯胶乳、硅酸铝镁、海藻酸钠、糊精、黄原胶、琼脂、聚丙烯酰胺、可溶性淀粉、明胶、天然树脂、凡士林、香豆酮树脂、石油树脂、萘酚-甲醛树脂中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述分散物为植物油、矿物油、丙三醇、松节油、吐温、水中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述植物油为椰子油、棕榈油、大豆油、橄榄油、亚麻油、花生油中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述填充物为凹凸棒石粘土、白炭黑、二氧化硅、高岭土、硅藻土、海泡石、二氧化钛、滑石粉、植物粉末、蒙脱土、木质素、膨润土、轻质碳酸钙、陶土、玉米淀粉、粘土中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述增效物为植物精油、有机硅、油酸甲酯、氮酮、增效磷的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述化学杀虫剂为啶虫脒、敌百虫、溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、阿维菌素、氯噻啉、吡虫啉、杀虫双、噻虫嗪、烯啶虫胺、噻虫啉、呋虫胺、噻嗪酮、氟虫腈、螺虫乙酯、丁烯氟虫腈、吡蚜酮中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求8所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述化学杀虫剂为啶虫脒、溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、氯噻啉、噻虫嗪、氟虫腈中的一种或几种。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于树干病虫害防治的药膏，其特征在于：所述生防天敌微生物为昆虫病原线虫、白僵菌、绿僵菌、拟青霉中的一种或几种。
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