CN110690726B - Reactive power optimization and coordination control method for offshore wind power system - Google Patents

Reactive power optimization and coordination control method for offshore wind power system Download PDF

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CN110690726B
CN110690726B CN201910767654.XA CN201910767654A CN110690726B CN 110690726 B CN110690726 B CN 110690726B CN 201910767654 A CN201910767654 A CN 201910767654A CN 110690726 B CN110690726 B CN 110690726B
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reactive power
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应有
秦世耀
王瑞明
李少林
杨靖
程晨光
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China Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd CEPRI
Zhejiang Windey Co Ltd
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Zhejiang Windey Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

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Abstract

The invention relates to a reactive power optimization and coordination control method of an offshore wind power system, which comprises the following steps: determining reactive power voltage regulation constraint conditions and correcting according to the constraint conditions; subtracting the reference voltage from the measured value of the AC bus voltage at the VSC-HVDC wind power plant side, inputting the difference value into a PI regulator, and obtaining the required reactive compensation quantity Qref(ii) a And comparing the voltage of the alternating current bus at the wind power plant side with the nominal voltage, and performing quick emergency control, long-time scale voltage control or combination of the quick emergency control and the long-time scale control of the voltage according to the relation between the voltage of the alternating current bus at the wind power plant side and the nominal voltage. The invention has the advantages that: the voltage rapid regulation characteristic of the WFVSC is fully exerted, and the stability of the grid-connected voltage of the offshore wind farm is improved; the voltage rapid emergency control and the long-time scale voltage control are combined, reactive equipment with different time constants is controlled in stages on two time layers, and the control effect is optimized.

Description

Reactive power optimization and coordination control method for offshore wind power system
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reactive power optimization control method, in particular to a reactive power optimization and coordination control method for an offshore wind power system.
Background
Voltage is a local quantity in the power system, while frequency is a global or system quantity, both of which are different. Voltage control cannot control a specific node from an arbitrary node of the system like frequency control. The voltage is determined by the reactive distribution condition, and the reactive voltage control principle is layering, zoning and local balance. Changing the reactive or voltage of a node can only implement control at a particular node or adjacent area. Wind power plants are influenced by the environment and are generally established in remote areas, the voltage of a grid-connected point is a local quantity, and the adoption of a traditional power station to implement remote control is difficult because the wind power plants have reactive voltage control capability inevitably.
Due to the intermittency of wind power, regional voltage control of the wind power station has particularity. Firstly, the wind farm is difficult to maintain constant active power output in a control period like a conventional unit, and when the wind speed fluctuation is large, the reactive voltage control method aiming at the single-section operation information cannot ensure the control effect in the whole period. Secondly, when the active power output of the wind power plant is large, the slow reactive power regulation cannot follow the rapid fluctuation of the active power, the static voltage stability margin of a cluster area can be reduced by frequent action or unreasonable action of the slow reactive power regulation, voltage instability caused by reactive power overcompensation or undercompensation is easily induced, and finally grid disconnection accidents of high-voltage and low-voltage protection actions of a generator set in the wind power plant are caused.
With the continuous enlargement of the scale of the offshore wind farm and the continuous increase of the grid-connected distance, new problems are continuously generated, and due to the structure, the position, the single-machine power generation power and the particularity of the power transmission technology of the offshore wind farm, the reactive power compensation and the control of the offshore wind farm are more complicated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the problems and provides a reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system, which can improve the voltage stability of a power grid.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is that the reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system comprises the following steps:
s1: determining reactive power voltage regulation constraint conditions and correcting according to the constraint conditions;
s2: measuring voltage of alternating current bus on VSC-HVDC wind power plant sideSubtracting the reference voltage, inputting the difference value into a PI regulator to obtain the required reactive compensation quantity Qref；
S3: comparing the alternating current bus voltage on the wind power plant side with the nominal voltage, and entering step S4 when the alternating current bus voltage on the wind power plant side is not between 90% and 110% of the nominal voltage; when the wind farm side alternating current bus voltage is not between 95% and 115% of the nominal voltage and is between 90% and 110% of the nominal voltage, the method proceeds to step S5; when the voltage of the alternating current bus at the side of the wind power plant is between 95% and 115% of the nominal voltage, the method goes to step S6;
s4: carrying out voltage rapid emergency control, wherein the voltage rapid emergency control firstly needs the reactive compensation quantity QrefMaximum value Q of reactive power capable of being provided by WFVSCVSCmaxMaking a comparison when Qref≤QVSCmaxAll required reactive power is supplied by the WFVSC, in this case QWFVSC＝Qref(ii) a When Q isref>QVSCmaxIn the meantime, the reactive compensation quantity is provided by WFVSC and wind farm, and WFVSC provides reactive power QWFVSC＝QVSCmax；
S5: performing rapid emergency voltage control, and replacing 50% of WFVSC capacity of each wind turbine generator with long-time scale voltage control to serve as a reactive voltage rapid regulation hot standby;
s6: and carrying out long-time scale voltage control on each wind turbine generator.
The voltage rapid regulation characteristic of the WFVSC (Wind Farm Side VSC) is fully exerted, the reactive power capability of a Wind turbine generator is fully exerted, reactive power optimization and coordination control of an offshore Wind Farm through a VSC-HVDC (High-voltage direct current based on voltage source Converter type High-voltage direct current transmission system) grid connection are achieved, and voltage fluctuation caused by power grid disturbance or Wind speed change is effectively regulated.
As a preferred scheme of the above scheme, the reactive voltage regulation constraint condition includes a power flow equation constraint and a voltage safety constraint, the power flow equation constraint includes a WFVSC reactive power output constraint and a wind farm reactive power output constraint, and the WFVSC reactive power output constraint is:
Figure GDA0002672756570000031
wherein Q isVSCmaxIs the maximum value of WFVSC reactive power, QVSCminIs the WFVSC reactive power minimum value, and the wind farm reactive power output constraint is:
Figure GDA0002672756570000032
QFmin＝-tan(arccosλFmin)PF,QFmax＝-tan(arccosλFmax)PF，
PFis the active power of the wind farm, λFminIs the lower limit of the power factor, lambda, of the wind farmFmaxIs the wind farm power factor upper limit. The reactive power of the WFVSC and the wind farm is prevented from exceeding the limit value.
As a preferable proposal of the proposal, the voltage safety constraint is
Figure GDA0002672756570000033
Wherein, UFminIs the lower limit of the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant, UFIs the grid-connected point voltage of wind power plant, UFmaxIs the upper limit of the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant, UGiminIs the lower limit of the voltage at the outlet end of the wind turbine generator, UGiIs wind turbine generator outlet terminal voltage, UGimaxIs the upper limit of the voltage at the outlet end of the wind turbine generator. Prevent the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant from exceeding the limit value
As a preferable mode of the above, the step S2 includes the following steps:
s21: calculating the voltage deviation delta U of the side alternating current bus of the wind power plantF，
ΔUF＝UF-UF_ref
Wherein, UFIs a measured value of the AC bus voltage at the wind farm side, UF_refIs a wind power plant side alternating current bus voltage reference value;
s22: the reactive power deficit deltaq is calculated,
Figure GDA0002672756570000041
wherein, K1Is a proportionality coefficient, K2In order to be the integral coefficient of the light,
Figure GDA0002672756570000042
an integration link is adopted;
s23: calculating reactive compensation quantity Qref，
Qref＝Q+ΔQ
Wherein Q is the total reactive power measurement.
As a preferable configuration of the foregoing configuration, in step S5, the wind farm reactive power control target is as follows for the purpose of replacing 50% of the capacity of the WFVSC by controlling the wind farm reactive power:
Figure GDA0002672756570000043
wherein Q isF_refAnd the control target of the reactive power of the wind power plant.
As a preferable scheme of the above scheme, the long-time scale voltage control performed by each wind turbine generator includes the following steps:
s61: calculating reactive power compensation distribution coefficient K of single wind turbine generatori
Ki＝Qimax/Q∑max
Wherein, KiIs the reactive power compensation distribution coefficient, Q, of the ith unit in the wind power plantimaxIs the maximum reactive power value, Q, of the ith unit in the wind farm∑maxThe maximum reactive power sum of each unit of the wind power plant;
s62: calculating reactive power compensation quantity delta Q of wind power plantF
ΔQF＝QF_ref-QF
Wherein Q isF_refFor wind farm reactive power control targets, QFReactive power output is provided for the wind power plant;
s63: calculating reactive power compensation quantity delta Q of each wind turbine generator in wind power planti
ΔQi＝KiΔQF
Wherein, is Δ QiIs the reactive power compensation quantity, delta Q, of the ith unit in the wind farmFIs the reactive power compensation quantity of the wind power plant. And long-time scale control, namely, the wind power plant energy management system performs output reactive power compensation distribution according to the reactive capacity proportion of the wind power plant.
The invention has the advantages that: the voltage rapid regulation characteristic of the WFVSC is fully exerted, and the stability of the grid-connected voltage of the offshore wind farm is improved; the voltage rapid emergency control and the long-time scale voltage control are combined, reactive equipment with different time constants is controlled in stages on two time layers, and the control effect is optimized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the reactive compensation amount calculation in the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of long-time scale voltage control according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further described below by way of examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example (b):
the embodiment is a reactive power optimization and coordination control method of an offshore wind power system, as shown in fig. 1: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: confirm reactive voltage regulation constraint condition and revise according to the constraint condition, reactive voltage regulation constraint condition, including trend equation restraint, voltage safety restraint, trend equation restraint includes WFVSC reactive power output restraint and wind farm reactive power output restraint, WFVSC reactive power output restraint is:
Figure GDA0002672756570000061
wherein Q isVSCmaxIs the maximum value of WFVSC reactive power, QVSCminIs the WFVSC reactive power minimum value, and the wind farm reactive power output constraint is:
Figure GDA0002672756570000062
QFmin＝-tan(arccosλFmin)PF,QFmax＝-tan(arccosλFmax)PF，PFis the active power of the wind farm, λFminIs the lower limit of the power factor, lambda, of the wind farmFmaxIs the wind farm power factor upper limit.
The voltage safety constraint is
Figure GDA0002672756570000063
Wherein, UFminIs the lower limit of the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant, UFIs the grid-connected point voltage of wind power plant, UFmaxIs the upper limit of the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant. U shapeGiminIs the lower limit of the voltage at the outlet end of the wind turbine generator, UGiIs wind turbine generator outlet terminal voltage, UGimaxIs the upper limit of the voltage at the outlet end of the wind turbine generator;
s2: subtracting the reference voltage from the measured value of the AC bus voltage at the VSC-HVDC wind power plant side, inputting the difference value into a PI regulator, and obtaining the required reactive compensation quantity QrefAs shown in fig. 2, the method specifically includes the following steps:
s21: calculating the voltage deviation delta U of the side alternating current bus of the wind power plantF，
ΔUF＝UF-UF_ref
Wherein, UFIs a measured value of the AC bus voltage at the wind farm side, UF_refIs a wind power plant side alternating current bus voltage reference value;
s22: the reactive power deficit deltaq is calculated,
Figure GDA0002672756570000071
wherein, K1Is a proportionality coefficient, K2In order to be the integral coefficient of the light,
Figure GDA0002672756570000072
an integration link is adopted;
s23: calculating reactive compensation quantity Qref，
Qref＝Q+ΔQ
Wherein Q is a total reactive power measurement value;
s3: comparing the alternating current bus voltage on the wind power plant side with the nominal voltage, and entering step S4 when the alternating current bus voltage on the wind power plant side is not between 90% and 110% of the nominal voltage; when the wind farm side alternating current bus voltage is not between 95% and 115% of the nominal voltage and is between 90% and 110% of the nominal voltage, the method proceeds to step S5; when the voltage of the alternating current bus at the side of the wind power plant is between 95% and 115% of the nominal voltage, the method goes to step S6;
s4: and performing voltage rapid emergency control, wherein the offshore wind farm voltage rapid emergency control realizes reactive compensation through WFVSC. After the voltage measurement value and the reference value of the wind power plant side alternating current bus are subjected to PI adjustment, decoupling and compensation are carried out to obtain the reference voltage of the wind power plant side converter station, and the SPWM (Sinusoidal PWM) controls the on-off of an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) through outputting a trigger pulse, so that the voltage control of the wind power plant side alternating current bus is realized.
The wind power plant side converter station is controlled as follows:
Figure GDA0002672756570000081
wherein, UFdD-axis component, U, of AC bus voltage of converter station of wind farm in steady stateFqIs the q-axis component, U, of the AC bus voltage of the wind power plant converter station in steady stateFd_refD-axis component, U, of AC bus reference voltage of wind power plant converter station in steady stateFq_refThe method is characterized in that the reference voltage Q-axis component of an alternating current bus of a wind power plant converter station in a steady state, R is an equivalent resistance from an alternating current system to the middle point of a bridge arm of a converter, L is an equivalent reactance from the alternating current system to the middle point of the bridge arm of the converter, and omega alternating current angular velocity at the side of a wind power plant is expressed by a required reactive compensation quantity QrefMaximum value Q of reactive power capable of being provided by WFVSCVSCmaxMaking a comparison when Qref≤QVSCmaxAll required reactive power is supplied by the WFVSC, in this case QWFVSC＝Qref(ii) a When Q isref>QVSCmaxIn the meantime, the reactive compensation quantity is provided by WFVSC and wind farm, and WFVSC provides reactive power QWFVSC＝QVSCmax；
S5: and performing rapid emergency voltage control, replacing 50% of capacity of WFVSC with long-time scale voltage control on each wind turbine generator as a reactive voltage rapid regulation hot standby, and realizing long-time scale voltage control by an Energy Management System (EMS) of the wind power plant and the wind turbines. The wind power plant energy management system carries out output reactive power compensation distribution according to the reactive capacity proportion of the wind power plant, avoids the relation between the system operation state and the network structure, and only considers the reactive output capacity of the wind power plant. The wind farm reactive power control targets are as follows:
Figure GDA0002672756570000082
wherein Q isF_refAnd the control target of the reactive power of the wind power plant. The long-time scale voltage control, as shown in fig. 3, includes the following steps:
s61: calculating reactive power compensation distribution coefficient K of single wind turbine generatori
Ki＝Qimax/Q∑max
Wherein, KiIs the reactive power compensation distribution coefficient, Q, of the ith unit in the wind power plantimaxIs the maximum reactive power value, Q, of the ith unit in the wind farm∑maxEach unit of the wind power plant is maximally freeThe sum of work power;
s62: calculating reactive power compensation quantity delta Q of wind power plantF
ΔQF＝QF_ref-QF
Wherein Q isF_refFor wind farm reactive power control targets, QFReactive power output is provided for the wind power plant;
s63: calculating reactive power compensation quantity delta Q of each wind turbine generator in wind power planti
ΔQi＝KiΔQF
Wherein, is Δ QiIs the reactive power compensation quantity, delta Q, of the ith unit in the wind farmFIs the reactive power compensation quantity of the wind power plant;
s6: and (4) carrying out long-time scale voltage control on each wind turbine generator, wherein the long-time scale voltage control in the step is the same as the long-time scale voltage control in the step 5.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. A reactive power optimization and coordination control method for an offshore wind power system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: determining reactive power voltage regulation constraint conditions and correcting according to the constraint conditions;
s2: subtracting the reference voltage from the measured value of the AC bus voltage at the VSC-HVDC wind power plant side, inputting the difference value into a PI regulator, and obtaining the required reactive compensation quantity Qref；
S3: comparing the alternating current bus voltage on the wind power plant side with the nominal voltage, and entering step S4 when the alternating current bus voltage on the wind power plant side is not between 90% and 110% of the nominal voltage; when the wind farm side alternating current bus voltage is not between 95% and 115% of the nominal voltage and is between 90% and 110% of the nominal voltage, the method proceeds to step S5; when the voltage of the alternating current bus at the side of the wind power plant is between 95% and 115% of the nominal voltage, the method goes to step S6;
s4: carrying out voltage rapid emergency control, wherein the voltage rapid emergency control firstly needs the reactive compensation quantity QrefMaximum value Q of reactive power capable of being provided by WFVSCVSCmaxMaking a comparison when Qref≤QVSCmaxAll required reactive power is supplied by the WFVSC, in this case QWFVSC＝Qref(ii) a When Q isref>QVSCmaxIn the meantime, the reactive compensation quantity is provided by WFVSC and wind farm, and WFVSC provides reactive power QWFVSC＝QVSCmax；
S5: performing rapid emergency voltage control, and replacing 50% of WFVSC capacity of each wind turbine generator with long-time scale voltage control to serve as a reactive voltage rapid regulation hot standby;
s6: and carrying out long-time scale voltage control on each wind turbine generator.
2. The reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the reactive voltage regulation constraint condition comprises a current equation constraint and a voltage safety constraint, the current equation constraint comprises a WFVSC reactive power output constraint and a wind farm reactive power output constraint, and the WFVSC reactive power output constraint is as follows:
Figure FDA0002672756560000021
wherein Q isVSCmaxIs the maximum value of WFVSC reactive power, QVSCminIs the WFVSC reactive power minimum value, and the wind farm reactive power output constraint is:
Figure FDA0002672756560000022
QFmin＝-tan(arccosλFmin)PF,QFmax＝-tan(arccosλFmax)PF，PFis the active power of the wind farm, λFminIs the lower limit of the power factor, lambda, of the wind farmFmaxIs the wind farm power factor upper limit.
3. The reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the voltage safety constraint is
Figure FDA0002672756560000023
Wherein, UFminIs the lower limit of the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant, UFIs the grid-connected point voltage of wind power plant, UFmaxIs the upper limit of the grid-connected point voltage of the wind power plant, UGiminIs the lower limit of the voltage at the outlet end of the wind turbine generator, UGiIs wind turbine generator outlet terminal voltage, UGimaxIs the upper limit of the voltage at the outlet end of the wind turbine generator.
4. The reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the step S2 includes the following steps:
s21: calculating the voltage deviation delta U of the side alternating current bus of the wind power plantF，
ΔUF＝UF-UF_ref
Wherein, UFIs a measured value of the AC bus voltage at the wind farm side, UF_refIs a wind power plant side alternating current bus voltage reference value;
s22: the reactive power deficit deltaq is calculated,
Figure FDA0002672756560000031
wherein, K1Is a proportionality coefficient, K2In order to be the integral coefficient of the light,
Figure FDA0002672756560000032
an integration link is adopted;
s23: calculating reactive compensation quantity Qref，
Qref＝Q+ΔQ
Wherein Q is the total reactive power measurement.
5. The reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in step S5, the wind farm reactive power is controlled to replace 50% of the WFVSC capacity, and the wind farm reactive power control target is as follows:
Figure FDA0002672756560000033
wherein Q isF_refAnd the control target of the reactive power of the wind power plant.
6. The reactive power optimization and coordination control method of the offshore wind power system according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the long-time scale voltage control of each wind turbine generator comprises the following steps:
s61: calculating reactive power compensation distribution coefficient K of single wind turbine generatori
Ki＝Qimax/Q∑max
Wherein, KiIs the reactive power compensation distribution coefficient, Q, of the ith unit in the wind power plantimaxIs the maximum reactive power value, Q, of the ith unit in the wind farm∑maxThe maximum reactive power sum of each unit of the wind power plant;
s62: calculating reactive power compensation quantity delta Q of wind power plantF
ΔQF＝QF_ref-QF
Wherein Q isF_refFor wind farm reactive power control targets, QFReactive power output is provided for the wind power plant;
s63: calculating reactive power compensation quantity delta Q of each wind turbine generator in wind power planti
ΔQi＝KiΔQF
Wherein, is Δ QiIs the reactive power compensation quantity, delta Q, of the ith unit in the wind farmFIs the reactive power compensation quantity of the wind power plant.
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