CN110690483B - Cold starting device and control method for fuel cell - Google Patents
Cold starting device and control method for fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN110690483B CN110690483B CN201910905587.3A CN201910905587A CN110690483B CN 110690483 B CN110690483 B CN 110690483B CN 201910905587 A CN201910905587 A CN 201910905587A CN 110690483 B CN110690483 B CN 110690483B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cold starting device and a control method for a fuel cell, belonging to the technical field of automobiles. The system controller is respectively electrically connected with the fuel cell, the power cell, the first circulating pump, the first electric heating mechanism, the second circulating pump, the second electric heating mechanism and the power motor. Compare in prior art, can be less than under the condition of zero degree at fuel cell's temperature, realize fuel cell and work with great output to heating fuel cell heaies up, avoids the water that generates in the fuel cell to freeze, and then realizes quick cold start, improves whole car performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobiles, in particular to a cold starting device of a fuel cell and a control method.
Background
The fuel cell of the fuel cell automobile is a device capable of directly converting chemical energy in fuel into electric energy, and compared with a generator set consisting of an internal combustion engine and a generator, the fuel cell automobile has the advantages that the energy conversion links are reduced, so that the efficiency is high, only electric energy and water can be contained in products of energy conversion, zero pollution can be achieved, but the fuel cell automobile is generally provided with a power battery for recovering braking energy because the fuel cell cannot recover the braking energy.
Because the chemical reaction of the fuel cell is carried out on the proton exchange membrane and water is generated, if the environmental temperature is lower, the water is frozen to cover the proton exchange membrane, the chemical reaction is influenced, and the fuel cell cannot work. Therefore, during the cold start of the fuel cell, in order to enable the fuel cell to work normally and heat up quickly, the fuel cell is required to output large power, the generated water is prevented from freezing by the heat generated during the working process, but under the low-temperature condition, the charging power of the power cell is limited, and when the driving power demand of the power motor is low, the power cell cannot completely absorb the electric power output by the fuel cell during the cold start, the fuel cell can only reduce the output power, so that the generated water cannot be prevented from freezing by the heat generated by the fuel cell, the reaction cannot be carried out, the cold start is unsuccessful, and the performance of the whole vehicle is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cold starting device and a control method for a fuel cell, so that the fuel cell can realize quick cold starting in a low-temperature environment, and the performance of the whole vehicle is improved.
As the conception, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a cold starting drive of fuel cell, includes first circulating pump, first heat exchanger and the first electric heating mechanism that connects gradually through the pipeline and connect gradually the second circulating pump, second heat exchanger and the second electric heating mechanism that form second circulation circuit through the pipeline, first heat exchanger can heat power battery, the second heat exchanger can heat fuel battery, the cold starting drive of fuel cell still includes system controller and power motor, system controller respectively with fuel battery power battery first circulating pump first electric heating mechanism the second circulating pump second electric heating mechanism and the power motor electricity is connected.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a control method of the fuel cell cold start apparatus, including: when T is less than 0 and T is less than T1, calculating the required drive of the power motor after the system controller collects a drive instructionPower P, if P is less than or equal to P0-P2The system controller controls the power motor to work at a driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery to be P0Controlling the second electric heating mechanism and the first electric heating mechanism to respectively heat with heating power P2And (P)0-P2-P) operating while controlling the second circulation pump and the first circulation pump to operate;
t is the initial temperature of the fuel cell at the time of starting; t is1Is a first preset temperature; t is the initial temperature of the power battery when the power battery is started; p0When T is less than 0, the output power of the fuel cell is obtained; p is a radical of0T is less than T1Allowable charging power of said power battery, p0＝0；P2Is the maximum heating power of the second electric heating mechanism.
Further, if P > P0-P2The system controller controls the discharge power of the power battery to be (P-P)0-P2) Controlling the power motor to work at a driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism to work at a heating power P2And controlling the second circulating pump to work at the same time.
Further, still include: at T < 0, T1＜t＜T2When the system controller collects a driving instruction, the required driving power P of the power motor is calculated, and if P is less than or equal to P0-P2-p1The system controller controls the power motor to work at a driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery to be P1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism and the first electric heating mechanism to respectively perform heating at P2And (P)0-P2-p1-P) and controlling the second circulation pump and the first circulation pump to operate simultaneously;
T2is a second predetermined temperature, T2＞T1，p1Is T1＜t＜T2Allowable charging power of time-power battery, 0 < p1＜P0-P2。
Further, if P0-P2-p1＜P≤P0-P2The system controller controls the power motor to work at a driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery to be (P)0-P2-P) controlling the second electric heating means to heat power P2And controlling the second circulating pump to work at the same time.
Further, if P > P0-P2The system controller controls the discharge power of the power battery to be (P-P)0-P2) Controlling the power motor to work at a driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism to work at a heating power P2And controlling the second circulating pump to work at the same time.
Further, still include: when T is less than 0 and T is more than or equal to T2When the system controller collects a driving instruction, the system controller calculates the required driving power P of the power motor, and if P is less than or equal to P0-P2The system controller controls the charging power of the power battery to be (P)0-P2-P) controlling the second electric heating means to heat power P2The second circulating pump is controlled to work at the same time;
if P > P0-P2The system controller controls the discharge power of the power battery to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism to heat power P2And controlling the second circulating pump to work at the same time.
Further, the control method of the fuel cell cold start apparatus further includes: at T < T1When the vehicle runs, after the system controller collects a braking instruction, the power motor is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor is collectedZIf P isZ≤P1+P2-P0Then the system controller controls the charging power of the power battery to be p0The system controller controls the second electric heating mechanism and the first electric heating mechanism to respectively heat at a heating power P2And (P)0+PZ-P2) Operate andcontrolling the second circulating pump and the first circulating pump to work;
if PZ＞P1+P2-P0Then the system controller controls the charging power of the power battery to be p0The system controller controls the second electric heating mechanism and the first electric heating mechanism to respectively heat at a heating power P2And said P1The second circulating pump and the first circulating pump are controlled to work;
p0t is less than T1Permissible charging power of time-power battery, p0＝0。
Further, the control method of the fuel cell cold start apparatus further includes: at T < 0, T1＜t＜T2When the vehicle runs, after the system controller collects a braking instruction, the power motor is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor is collectedZIf P isZ＜(P1+P2+p1-P0) The system controller controls the charging power of the power battery to be p1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism and the first electric heating mechanism to respectively heat with heating power P2And (P)0+P-P2-p1) The first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are controlled to work simultaneously;
if PZ≥(P1+P2+p1-P0) The system controller controls the charging power of the power battery to be p1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism and the first electric heating mechanism to respectively heat with heating power P2And P1The first circulating pump and the second circulating pump are controlled to work simultaneously;
p1is T1＜t＜T2Allowable charging power of time-power battery, 0 < p1＜P0-P2And P1 is the maximum heating power of the first electric heating mechanism.
Further, the control method of the fuel cell cold start apparatus further includes: when T is less than 0 and T is more than or equal to T2When the vehicle runs, after the system controller collects a braking instruction, the power motor is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor is collectedZThe system controller controls the charging power of the power battery to be (P)0-P2+PZ) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism to heat power P2And controlling the second circulating pump to work at the same time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
compared with the prior art, the cold starting device for the fuel cell and the control method thereof provided by the invention have the advantages that the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop are arranged, so that the fuel cell can work with larger output power under the condition that the temperature of the fuel cell is lower than zero, the fuel cell is heated, the water generated in the fuel cell is prevented from freezing, the quick cold starting is realized, and the performance of the whole vehicle is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cold start device for a fuel cell provided by the present invention.
In the figure:
101. an expansion tank; 102. a first circulation pump; 103. a first electric heating mechanism; 104. a first heat exchanger; 105. a first temperature detector; 106. a second circulation pump; 107. a second electric heating mechanism; 108. a second heat exchanger; 109. a second temperature detector;
201. a fuel cell; 202. a power battery; 203. a power motor;
301. a system controller.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems solved, the technical solutions adopted and the technical effects achieved by the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below by way of specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc. are used in an orientation or positional relationship based on that shown in the drawings only for convenience of description and simplicity of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used only for descriptive purposes and are not intended to have a special meaning.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a cold start apparatus for a fuel cell, which includes a first circulation pump 102, a first heat exchanger 104, and a first electric heating mechanism 103 that are connected in sequence by a pipeline to form a first circulation loop, and a second circulation pump 106, a second heat exchanger 108, and a second electric heating mechanism 107 that are connected in sequence by a pipeline to form a second circulation loop. Working media are filled in the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop, in the embodiment, the working media are water, and in other embodiments, the working media can also be refrigerants. The cold starting device of the fuel cell further comprises an expansion water tank 101, wherein the expansion water tank 101 is respectively connected with the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop through pipelines and can supplement water into the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop.
The first heat exchanger 104 can heat the power battery 202, and when the first electric heating mechanism 103 works, the working medium in the first circulation loop can be heated, and then the working medium is driven by the first circulation pump 102 to circularly flow in the first circulation loop, so that the power battery 202 can be heated by the first heat exchanger 104. Of course, when the first electric heating mechanism 103 is not operated, the working medium can also cool the power battery 202 through the first heat exchanger 104. The second heat exchanger 108 can heat the fuel cell 201, and the working process is the same as that of the first heat exchanger 104, and is not repeated.
The cold starting device of the fuel cell further comprises a system controller 301 and a power motor 203, wherein the system controller 301 is electrically connected with the fuel cell 201, the power cell 202, the first circulating pump 102, the second circulating pump 106, the first electric heating mechanism 103, the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the power motor 203 respectively. The power battery 202 and the fuel cell 201 are connected, the fuel cell 201 can charge the power battery 202, and the power battery 202 and the fuel cell 201 are electrically connected to the power motor 203, the first circulation pump 102, the second circulation pump 106, the first electric heating mechanism 103, and the second electric heating mechanism 107. In this embodiment, the electric heating mechanism may be a water-cooled resistor, a PTC heater, or the like, and this embodiment is not particularly limited.
The system controller 301 can control the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle forward or backward, and can control the power motor 203 to recover braking energy. Specifically, after the system controller 301 acquires a braking instruction, the system controller 301 controls the power motor 203 to generate a negative torque to brake the vehicle, and meanwhile, the driving motor 203 recovers braking energy. The recovery of braking energy by the power motor 203 is a mature prior art and is not described in detail herein.
By arranging the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop, when the fuel cell 201 is at a lower temperature, the fuel cell 201 or the fuel cell 201 and the power battery 202 jointly supply power to the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the power motor 203, so that the temperature of the fuel cell 201 is increased, the vehicle is driven by the power motor 203, the rapid cold start of the fuel cell 201 is realized, and the performance of the vehicle is improved.
The cold starting device for the fuel cell further comprises two temperature detectors, namely a first temperature detector 105 and a second temperature detector 109, wherein the first temperature detector 105 is arranged on the first circulation loop and used for detecting the temperature of the working medium in the first circulation loop. Specifically, the first temperature detector 105 is disposed upstream of the first heat exchanger 104 in the flow direction of the working medium, thereby detecting the temperature of the working medium entering the first heat exchanger 104 and avoiding the temperature of the power battery 202 from being too high or too low. The second temperature detector 109 is disposed on the second circulation loop, and is configured to detect a temperature of the working medium in the second circulation loop. Specifically, the second temperature detector 109 is disposed upstream of the second heat exchanger 108 in the flow direction of the working medium, thereby detecting the temperature of the working medium entering the second heat exchanger 108, and avoiding the temperature of the fuel cell 201 from being too high or too low.
The present embodiment also provides a control method of a fuel cell cold start apparatus, including:
1. at T < 0, T < T1When the system controller 301 acquires a driving command, the required driving power P of the power motor 203 is calculated.
(1) If P < P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the power motor 203 to operate at the driving power P, and the system controller 301 controls the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 to operate at the heating power P2And (P)0-P2-P) is operated,simultaneously controlling the second circulating pump 106 and the first circulating pump 102 to work;
t is an initial temperature at the start of the fuel cell 201, T1Is a first preset temperature, and t is an initial temperature when the power battery 202 is started; p is a radical of0T is less than T1The allowable charging power, p, of the power battery 2020＝0；P2The maximum heating power of the second electric heating mechanism 107; p0Is the output power of the fuel cell 201 when T < 0. During the cold start of the fuel cell 201, the output power value is determined by the fuel cell 201 itself and is not controlled by the system controller 301, and after the cold start is finished, the output power of the fuel cell 201 can respond to the demand of the system controller 301. The above T and T may be obtained by temperature sensors provided on the fuel cell and the power cell, respectively, which are connected to the system controller 301.
Specifically, when the initial temperature at the start of the fuel cell 201 is less than zero, the initial temperature at the start of the power cell 202 is less than T1At this time, the allowable charging power p of the power battery 202 is too low0Equal to zero, at which time the power battery 202 cannot be charged, so that at the time of starting the vehicle, the power of the fuel cell 201 is correspondingly reduced, making cold start difficult or even impossible. Under the above condition, after the system controller 301 collects the driving command, the required driving power P of the driving motor 203 is calculated, and if P is less than or equal to P0-P2It means that the discharge power of the fuel cell 201 is sufficient for the driving motor 203 to drive the vehicle with the driving power P, and power can be supplied to the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103, and the system controller 301 controls the fuel cell 201 to supply power to the driving motor 203, the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103. Specifically, the system controller 301 controls the driving motor 203 to drive the vehicle to start at the driving power P, and the system controller 301 controls the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat at the heating power P2Operates to control the first electric heating mechanism 103 to heat power (P)0-P2P) operating while controlling the second circulation pump 106 and the first circulation pump 102 to operate, while enabling the first circulation pump to operateThe two electric heating mechanisms 107 heat the working medium in the second circulation loop, so that the fuel cell 201 is heated, the fuel cell 201 is rapidly heated, water generated in the fuel cell 201 is prevented from freezing, rapid cold start is realized, and meanwhile, the working medium in the first circulation loop is heated through the first electric heating mechanism 103, so that the power battery 202 is heated, and the working performance of the power battery 202 is improved.
(2) If P is not less than P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power cell 202 to (P-P)0+P2) And controls the power motor 203 to work at the driving power P, and the system controller 301 controls the second electric heating mechanism 107 to work at the heating power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
Specifically, if P ≧ P0-P2At this time, it is said that the fuel cell 201 alone cannot satisfy both the power motor 203 and the second electric heating mechanism 107, and therefore the system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power cell 202 to (P-P) at this time0+P2) That is, the power battery 202 and the fuel cell 201 are simultaneously supplied with power, the system controller 301 controls the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle at the driving power P for starting, and controls the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2The second circulation pump 106 is controlled to work, and at this time, the working medium in the second circulation loop can be heated through the second electric heating mechanism 107, so that the fuel cell 201 is heated, the temperature of the fuel cell 201 is rapidly increased, water generated in the fuel cell 201 is prevented from freezing, and rapid cold start is realized. At this time, the first electric heating mechanism 103 is no longer powered, and of course, the first electric heating mechanism 103 may be powered by the power battery 202, but at this time, the vehicle can be started up, and the principle of reducing energy loss is adopted, so that the first electric heating mechanism 103 is no longer powered in the present embodiment.
If the system controller 301 detects a failure of the second circulation pump 106 and/or the second electric heating mechanism 107 during the cold start, the system controller 301 controls the fuel cell 201 to prohibit the start-up. If the system controller 301 detects that the first circulation pump 102 and/or the first electric heating mechanism 103 is outAt the moment, when the system controller 301 acquires a driving instruction, calculating the required driving power P of the power motor 203, and if P is less than P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the fuel cell 201 to prohibit starting. If P is greater than or equal to P0-P2Then the system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power battery 202 to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle to start with the driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat with the heating power P2And the second circulation pump 106 is controlled to work at the same time to heat the fuel cell 201.
2. At T < 0, T1＜t＜T2When the system controller 301 acquires a driving command, the required driving power P of the power motor 203 is calculated.
(1) If P < P0-P2-p1The system controller 301 controls the power motor 203 to operate at the driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to be P1The second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 are controlled to be respectively in P2And (P)0-P2-p1P) and controls the second circulation pump 106 and the first circulation pump 102 to operate simultaneously. T is2Is a second predetermined temperature, T2＞T1，p1Is T1＜t＜T2Allowable charging power of time power battery 202, 0 < p1＜P0-P2。
Specifically, when the initial temperature at the start of the fuel cell 201 is less than zero, the initial temperature at the start of the power cell 202 is greater than T1And is less than T2At this time, the allowable charging power of the power battery 202 is p1That is, at the time of cold start, the fuel cell 201 can charge the power battery 202. Under the above condition, when the system controller 301 acquires the driving command, the required driving power P of the driving motor 203 is calculated, and if P < P0-P2-p1It means that the discharge power of the fuel cell 201 can satisfy the requirement that the driving motor 203 drives the vehicle with the driving power P, and the charging power of the power cell 202 is P1And a second electric heating mechanism 107 to heatPower P2And the rest of the electric energy can be supplied to the first electric heating mechanism 103. Therefore, the system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to p1Controlling the driving motor 203 to drive the vehicle to start at the driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 to respectively drive the vehicle to start at the driving power P2And (P)0-P2-p1P) and simultaneously controlling the second circulation pump 106 and the first circulation pump 102 to work, heating the fuel cell 201 and the power cell 202, and realizing quick cold start.
(2) If P0-P2-p1≤P≤P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the power motor 203 to operate at the driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to (P)0-P2P) controlling the second electric heating means 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
Specifically, if P0-P2-p1≤P≤P0-P2It means that the fuel cell 201 alone supplies power and satisfies the power motor 203 operating at the driving power P and the second electric heating mechanism 107 operating at the heating power P at the same time2In operation, at this time, the power battery 202 needs to be discharged, so the system controller 301 controls the charging electric power of the power battery 202 to be (P)0-P2P), controlling the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle to start at the driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat at the heating power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate. The second electric heating mechanism 107 and the second circulation pump 106 heat the fuel cell 201, so that freezing of the fuel cell 201 is avoided, and cold start of the fuel cell 201 is realized.
(3) If P > P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power cell 202 to (P-P)0+P2) The power motor 203 is controlled to work at the driving power P, and the second electric heating mechanism 107 is controlled to work at the heating power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
Specifically, if P > P0-P2Then, the fuel at this time is explainedThe battery 201 is supplied with power alone and cannot meet the requirements of the power motor 203 working at the driving power P and the second electric heating mechanism 107 working at the heating power P at the same time2In operation, the power battery 202 needs to be discharged at this time, so the system controller 301 controls the discharging power of the power battery 202 to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle to start with the driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat with the heating power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate. The second electric heating mechanism 107 and the second circulation pump 106 heat the fuel cell 201, so that the water generated by the fuel cell 201 is prevented from freezing, and the cold start of the fuel cell 201 is realized. At this time, the first electric heating mechanism 103 is no longer powered, and of course, the first electric heating mechanism 103 may be powered by the power battery 202, but at this time, the vehicle can be started up, and the principle of reducing energy loss is adopted, so that the first electric heating mechanism 103 is no longer powered in the present embodiment.
During the cold start described above, if the system controller 301 detects that the second circulation pump 106 and/or the second electric heating mechanism 107 has failed, the system controller 301 controls the fuel cell 201 to prohibit starting. If the system controller 301 detects that the first circulating pump 102 and/or the first electric heating mechanism 103 are/is in failure, at the moment, after the system controller 301 collects a driving instruction, the required driving power P of the power motor 203 is calculated, and if P is less than P0-P2-p1The system controller 301 controls the fuel cell 201 to prohibit starting. If P0-P2-p1≤P≤P0-P2Then, system controller 301 controls power motor 203 to drive power P to drive the vehicle, and controls charging power of power battery 202 to (P)0-P2P) controlling the second electric heating means 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate. If P > P0-P2Then the system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power battery 202 to be (P-P)0+P2) The power motor 203 is controlled to drive the vehicle with the driving power P, and the second electric heating mechanism 107 is controlled to heat the vehicle with the heating power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
3. When T is less than 0 and T is more than or equal to T2In the meantime, after the system controller 301 acquires a driving instruction, the required driving power P of the power motor 203 is calculated.
(1) If P is less than or equal to P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the driving power of the power motor 203 to be P and controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to be (P)0-P2P) controlling the second electric heating means 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
Specifically, the temperature of the power battery 202 is equal to or higher than T2The allowable charging power of the power battery 202 is p2At this time, the allowable charging power of the power battery 202 is not limited, p2＞P0-P2. Thus if P.ltoreq.P0-P2It is to be noted that the discharge power of the fuel cell 201 satisfies the requirement that the driving motor 203 drives the vehicle at the driving power P, and also supplies power to the second electric heating mechanism 107 and charges the power cell 202, so that the system controller 301 controls the driving power of the power motor 203 to be P and controls the charging power of the power cell 202 to be (P0-P2P) controlling the second electric heating means 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate. The fuel cell 201 is heated and warmed up by the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the second circulation pump 106, and quick cold start is realized.
(2) If P > P0-P2The system controller 301 controls the driving power of the power motor 203 to be P and controls the discharging power of the power battery 202 to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
Specifically, if P > P0-P2At this time, it is said that the fuel cell 201 alone cannot satisfy both the power motor 203 and the second electric heating mechanism 107, and therefore the system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power cell 202 to (P-P) at this time0+P2) That is, the power battery 202 and the fuel cell 201 are simultaneously supplied with power, the system controller 301 controls the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle at the driving power P for starting, and controls the second motor to drive the vehicle at the same timeTwo electric heating mechanisms 107 with heating power P2And controls the second circulation pump 106 to operate. The fuel cell 201 is heated by the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the second circulation pump 106, and quick cold start is realized.
During the cold start described above, if the system controller 301 detects that the second water circulation pump 106 is malfunctioning, the system controller 301 controls the fuel cell 201 to prohibit starting. If the system controller 301 detects that the second electric heating mechanism 107 has a fault, at this time, after the system controller 301 collects a driving instruction, the required driving power P of the power motor 203 is calculated, and if P is less than P0Then, system controller 301 controls power motor 203 to drive the vehicle at drive power P, and controls the charging power of power battery 202 to (P)0-P). If P > P0Then the system controller 301 controls the discharge power of the power battery 202 to be (P-P)0) And controlling the power motor 203 to drive the vehicle with the driving power P. This is because T ≧ T2At this time, the allowable charging power of the power battery 202 is not limited, and therefore the fuel cell 201 can be made to output the power P0At start-up, the excess charge may charge the power battery 202.
If the system controller 301 detects that the first circulating water pump 102 and/or the first electric heating mechanism 103 are/is in fault, then at the moment, after the system controller 301 collects a driving instruction, calculating the required driving power P of the power motor 203, and if P is less than or equal to P0-P2Then, system controller 301 controls power motor 203 to drive the vehicle at drive power P, and controls the charging power of power battery 202 to (P)0-P-P2) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate. If P > P0-P2Then, system controller 301 controls power motor 203 to drive power P to drive the vehicle, and controls the discharge power of power battery 202 to (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
4. At T < T1When the system controller 301 is in operation during the running of the vehicleAfter the braking instruction is collected, the power motor 203 is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover the braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor 203 is collectedZIf P isZ＜P1+P2-P0Then, the system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to be p0The system controller 301 controls the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 to respectively heat at the heating power P2And (P)0+PZ-P2) The second circulating pump 106 and the first circulating pump 102 are controlled to work;
if PZ≥P1+P2-P0The system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to p0The system controller 301 controls the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 to respectively heat at the heating power P2And P1And controls the second circulation pump 106 and the first circulation pump 102 to operate, p0T is less than T1Allowable charging power of time power battery 202, at this time p0＝0。
Specifically, if PZ＜P1+P2-P0In this case, since the fuel cell 201 cannot be charged and the allowable charging power of the power cell 202 is zero at this time, the system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power cell 202 to be p0To prolong the service life of the power battery 202, and at the same time, the system controller 301 controls the braking energy recovered by the power motor 203 and the fuel battery 201 to jointly supply power to the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103, that is, the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 respectively supply heating power P2And (P)0+PZ-P2) And meanwhile, the system controller 301 controls the second circulation pump 106 and the first circulation pump 102 to work so as to heat the power battery 202 and the fuel cell 201, thereby recycling the braking energy. If PZ≥P1+P2-P0It means that the recovered braking energy and the fuel cell 201 can meet the requirement that the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 both operate at their respective maximum heating powers, and the system controller 301 controls the second circulation pump 106 and the first circulation pumpThe first circulation pump 102 operates to heat the power cell 202 and the fuel cell 201.
5. When T is less than 0 and T is less than T1 and T is less than T2, in the running process of the vehicle, after the system controller 301 collects braking instructions, the power motor 203 is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor 203 is collectedZIf P isZ＜(P1+P2+p1-P0) The system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to p1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 to respectively heat power P2And (P)0+P-P2-p1) The first circulating pump 102 and the second circulating pump 106 are controlled to work simultaneously;
if PZ≥(P1+P2+p1-P0) The system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to p1The second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 are controlled to respectively heat power P2And P1Operation, simultaneous control of the first circulation pump 102 and the second circulation pump 106, p1Is T1＜t＜T2Allowable charging power of time power battery 202, 0 < p1＜P0-P2，P1Is the maximum heating mechanism of the first electric heating mechanism.
Specifically, when T1 < T < T2, the charging power of the power battery 202 is p1Then the braking energy is first charged to the power battery 202 and then supplied to the second electric heating mechanism 107 and the first electric heating mechanism 103 in this order. If PZ＜(P1+P2+p1-P0) Then the recovered braking energy of power motor 203 and fuel cell 201 cannot satisfy the charging power p of power battery 202 at the same time1The second electric heating structure 107 is heated with a heating power P2Working and the first electric heating means 103 to heat the power P1In operation, therefore, the system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to p1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2Operates to control the first electric heating mechanism 103 to heat power (P)0+PZ-P2-p1) And (6) working.
If PZ≥(P1+P2+p1-P0) Then the braking energy and the fuel cell 201 can simultaneously satisfy the charging power p of the power cell 2021The second electric heating structure 107 is heated with a heating power P2Working and the first electric heating means 103 to heat the power P1In operation, therefore, the system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to p1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2In operation, the first electric heating mechanism 103 is controlled to heat the power plate P1And (6) working.
6. When T is less than 0 and T is more than or equal to T2, in the running process of the vehicle, after the system controller 301 acquires a braking instruction, the power motor 203 is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor 203 is acquiredZThe system controller 301 controls the charging power of the power battery 202 to (P)0-P2+PZ) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism 107 to heat the power P2And operates while controlling the second circulation pump 106 to operate.
Specifically, when T is greater than or equal to T2, the charging power of the power battery 202 is not limited, and the power battery 202 does not need to be heated any more, so the braking energy recovered by the braking energy recovery system and the fuel cell 201 work together, so that the second electric heating mechanism 107 heats with the heating power P2Working, the rest of the electric energy is used for charging with the charging power as (P)0-P2+PZ) The power battery 202 is charged.
In summary, the fuel cell cold start apparatus and the control method thereof provided in this embodiment, by setting the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop, compared with the prior art, can realize that the fuel cell 201 works with a larger output power under the condition that the temperature of the fuel cell 201 is lower than zero, and heat the fuel cell 201 to avoid freezing water generated in the fuel cell 201, thereby realizing the rapid cold start and improving the performance of the whole vehicle.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and features of this invention, which is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but rather is susceptible to various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. The control method of the fuel cell cold starting device is characterized in that the fuel cell cold starting device comprises a first circulating pump (102), a first heat exchanger (104), a first electric heating mechanism (103) and a second circulating pump (106), a second heat exchanger (108) and a second electric heating mechanism (107), wherein the first circulating pump (102), the first heat exchanger (104) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a first circulating loop, the second circulating pump (106), the second heat exchanger (108) and the second electric heating mechanism (107) are sequentially connected through pipelines to form a second circulating loop, the first heat exchanger (104) can heat a power cell (202), the second heat exchanger (108) can heat the fuel cell (201), the fuel cell (201) cold starting device further comprises a system controller (301) and a power motor (203), and the system controller (301) is respectively connected with the fuel cell (201), the power cell (202), the first circulating pump (102), the first electric heating mechanism (103), The second circulating pump (106), the second electric heating mechanism (107) and the power motor (203) are electrically connected;
the control method of the fuel cell cold start device includes: at T < 0, T < T1When the system controller (301) acquires a driving instruction, calculating the required driving power P of the power motor (203), and if P is less than P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the power motor (203) to work with driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be P0Controlling the second electric heating mechanism (107) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) to respectively heat power P2And (P)0-P2-P) operating while controlling the second circulation pump (106) and the first circulation pump (102) to operate; if P is greater than or equal to P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the discharge power of the power battery (202) to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the power motor (203) to work with a driving power P, controlling the second motorTwo electric heating mechanisms (107) with heating power P2The second circulating pump (106) is controlled to work at the same time;
t is an initial temperature at the start of the fuel cell (201); t is1Is a first preset temperature; t is the initial temperature of the power battery (202) when started; p0The output power of the fuel cell (201) when T < 0; p is a radical of0T is less than T1Allowable charging power, p, of said power battery (202)0＝0；P2Is the maximum heating power of the second electric heating mechanism (107);
during cold start, if the system controller (301) detects that the second circulation pump (106) and/or the second electric heating mechanism (107) is/are out of order, the system controller (301) controls the fuel cell (201) to prohibit start-up; if the system controller (301) detects that the first circulating pump (102) and/or the first electric heating mechanism (103) have faults, after the system controller (301) collects a driving instruction, calculating the required driving power P of the power motor (203), and if P is less than P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the fuel cell (201) to prohibit starting; if P is greater than or equal to P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the discharge power of the power battery (202) to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the power motor (203) to drive the vehicle to start with the driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism (107) to heat with the heating power P2And simultaneously controlling the second circulating pump (106) to work.
2. The control method of the fuel cell cold start apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: at T < 0, T1＜t＜T2When the system controller (301) acquires a driving instruction, calculating the required driving power P of the power motor (203), and if P is less than P0-P2-p1The system controller (301) controls the power motor (203) to work with driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be P1Controlling the second electric heating mechanism (107) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) to be respectively in P2And (P)0-P2-p1-P) workingAnd simultaneously controlling the second circulating pump (106) and the first circulating pump (102) to work;
T2is a second predetermined temperature, T2＞T1，p1Is T1＜t＜T2Allowable charging power of the time-power battery (202), 0 < p1＜P0-P2。
3. The control method of a cold start-up device of a fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein if P is the number P0-P2-p1≤P≤P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the power motor (203) to work with driving power P, and controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be (P)0-P2-P) controlling the second electric heating means (107) to heat a power P2And controlling the second circulating pump (106) to work at the same time.
4. The control method of a cold start-up device of a fuel cell according to claim 3, wherein if P > P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the discharge power of the power battery (202) to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the power motor (203) to work with driving power P, and controlling the second electric heating mechanism (107) to work with heating power P2And controlling the second circulating pump (106) to work at the same time.
5. The control method of a cold start-up device of a fuel cell (201) according to claim 2, further comprising: when T is less than 0 and T is more than or equal to T2When the system controller (301) acquires a driving instruction, calculating the required driving power P of the power motor (203), and if P is less than or equal to P0-P2The system controller (301) controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be (P)0-P2-P) controlling the second electric heating means (107) to heat a power P2The second circulating pump (106) is controlled to work at the same time;
if P > P0-P2What is, what isThe system controller (301) controls the discharge power of the power battery (202) to be (P-P)0+P2) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism (107) to heat power P2And controlling the second circulating pump (106) to work at the same time.
6. The control method of a cold start-up apparatus of a fuel cell according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the control method of a cold start-up apparatus of a fuel cell further comprises: at T < T1When the vehicle runs, after the system controller (301) collects a braking instruction, the power motor (203) is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor (203) is collectedZIf P isZ＜P1+P2-P0The system controller (301) controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be p0The system controller (301) controls the second electric heating mechanism (107) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) to respectively heat at a heating power P2And (P)0+PZ-P2) The second circulating pump (106) and the first circulating pump (102) are controlled to work;
if PZ≥P1+P2-P0The system controller (301) controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be p0The system controller (301) controls the second electric heating mechanism (107) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) to respectively heat at a heating power P2And said P1And controlling the second circulation pump (106) and the first circulation pump (102) to work.
7. The control method of a fuel cell cold start apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by further comprising: at T < 0, T1＜t＜T2When the vehicle runs, after the system controller (301) collects a braking instruction, the power motor (203) is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor (203) is collectedZIf P isZ＜(P1+P2+p1-P0) The system controller (301) controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be p1Controlling a second electric heating mechanism (107) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) to respectively heat power P2And (P)0+PZ-P2-p1) Operating, and simultaneously controlling the first circulating pump (102) and the second circulating pump (106) to operate;
if PZ≥(P1+P2+p1-P0) The system controller (301) controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be p1Controlling a second electric heating mechanism (107) and the first electric heating mechanism (103) to respectively heat power P2And P1Operating, and simultaneously controlling the first circulating pump (102) and the second circulating pump (106) to operate;
p1is T1＜t＜T2Allowable charging power of the time-power battery (202), 0 < p1＜P0-P2，P1Is the maximum heating power of the first electric heating mechanism.
8. The control method of a fuel cell cold start apparatus according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising: when T is less than 0 and T is more than or equal to T2When the vehicle runs, after the system controller (301) collects a braking instruction, the power motor (203) is controlled to brake the vehicle and recover braking energy, and the output electric power P of the power motor (203) is collectedZThe system controller (301) controls the charging power of the power battery (202) to be (P)0-P2+PZ) Controlling the second electric heating mechanism (107) to heat power P2And controlling the second circulating pump (106) to work at the same time.
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| CN111430846A (en) * | 2020-03-31 | 2020-07-17 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Battery heating control method, device, system, storage medium and vehicle |
| CN114744234B (en) * | 2021-01-07 | 2024-04-05 | 阜新德尔汽车部件股份有限公司 | Fuel cell temperature control system |
| CN112721569B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-07-09 | 清华大学 | Braking energy catcher for improving heating of hydrogen fuel cell automobile and heating method thereof |
| CN112793385B (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-06-11 | 清华大学 | Brake energy catcher for hydrogen fuel cell automobile and control method thereof |
| CN113043907A (en) * | 2021-04-02 | 2021-06-29 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Cold start method, system and vehicle |
| CN113246801B (en) * | 2021-05-12 | 2022-05-03 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Whole-vehicle thermal management system of fuel cell vehicle |
| CN114347863B (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-05-31 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Vehicle cold start method and device, readable storage medium, electronic equipment and vehicle |
| CN116512993B (en) * | 2023-06-13 | 2024-03-26 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Control method and device for fuel cell cold start system, vehicle and medium |
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| CN109962313B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2021-06-01 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | Fuel cell hybrid vehicle and low-temperature starting control method and device thereof |
| CN208411476U (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2019-01-22 | 天津银隆新能源有限公司 | A kind of on-vehicle fuel heat management system with cold start function |
| CN209344233U (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-09-03 | 吉林大学 | A kind of fuel cell power system combination low-temperature cool starting device |
| CN110116640A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-08-13 | 广东宏远氢能动力装备制造有限公司 | The hybrid power system of Vehicular aluminium water hydrogen-generating fuel cell electric car |
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