CN110689244A - Screening method for ecological restoration plants of abandoned mine - Google Patents

Screening method for ecological restoration plants of abandoned mine Download PDF

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CN110689244A
CN110689244A CN201910876339.0A CN201910876339A CN110689244A CN 110689244 A CN110689244 A CN 110689244A CN 201910876339 A CN201910876339 A CN 201910876339A CN 110689244 A CN110689244 A CN 110689244A
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田宝虎
陈威
邓刚
万文祥
李昌武
史学峰
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Changsha Kaitian Institute Of Technology Environmental Protection Service Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines, which comprises the following steps: (1) establishing a hierarchical structure model; (2) constructing a judgment matrix, judging the relative importance of each index of each layer, obtaining the weight of each index and judging the consistency; (3) determining an index scoring standard, and evaluating and assigning values to the plants; (4) and calculating a comprehensive evaluation index, and recommending the types of the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine. The method constructs an index system in a layering way, which is beneficial to determining the relation between the purpose and the index and reducing the complexity, and meanwhile, a scientific basis can be provided for screening the mine ecological restoration plants from five aspects of ecological performance, biological characteristics, economic value, ornamental value and market value through the layering method, the function and significance of the plants in the mine ecological restoration can be objectively and truly reflected, and the working efficiency is greatly improved.

Description

Screening method for ecological restoration plants of abandoned mine
Technical Field
The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a waste mine, in particular to a screening method for ecological restoration plants of the waste mine, and belongs to the technical field of ecological restoration engineering.
Background
With the rapid increase of economy, the demand of mineral resources is continuously increased, and the problems of environmental pollution and ecological destruction caused by mining development are increased day by day. Mineral exploitation mainly comprises two modes of surface exploitation and underground exploitation, wherein the surface exploitation has the greatest damage to the structure and the function of an ecological system of a mine, not only influences natural landscapes and causes environmental pollution, but also induces landslide and causes geological disasters such as water loss and soil erosion. Therefore, how to restore and rebuild the degenerated mine ecosystem has become a topic of general attention in countries around the world. The mine ecological restoration work in China is still in the initial stage, and the physical method of stabilization treatment and the biological restoration method are mainly used in combination at present, wherein the physical method is generally used for the early treatment of ecological reconstruction, and the biological restoration method is used for the later vegetation restoration. The selection of the plants is a key step of mine ecological restoration, and the proper plant types and configuration modes can promote the functional restoration of the mining area ecological system and the construction of a reasonable structure. However, the lack of research and theory on the aspects of selection and configuration of the mine ecological restoration plants results in the phenomena of blind introduction, unreasonable plant selection, poor ecological restoration effect and the like in the ecological restoration process of many mines. The method is particularly important for screening plants according to local conditions, so that the establishment of a comprehensive evaluation method for screening the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine is one of the problems to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines, which judges the relative importance of each index of each level by establishing a hierarchical structure model and constructing a judgment matrix, obtains the weight and the consistency of each index, determines an index scoring standard, evaluates and assigns values to the plants and calculates a comprehensive evaluation index so as to obtain the optimal plant type of ecological restoration of abandoned mines.
The invention provides a screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines, which comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a hierarchical structure model according to the ecological relationship between the mine environment and the plants;
2) obtaining the weight of each index in the hierarchical structure model by adopting an analytic hierarchy process;
3) calculating according to the weight to obtain a comprehensive evaluation value of the ecological restoration plant;
4) and (4) recommending the type of the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine according to the calculation of the comprehensive evaluation value.
In a preferred embodiment, the hierarchical structure model is a comprehensive evaluation index system including a target layer, a criterion layer, and an index layer.
Preferably, the target layer is of a type of ecological restoration plants in the mining area.
Preferably, the criteria layer includes ecological performance, biological characteristics, economic value, ornamental value, and market value.
In a preferred scheme, the index layer comprises drought tolerance, barren tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, growth speed, soil fixing capacity, coverage, life span, acquisition degree, reproductive capacity, maintenance cost, leaf shape, flower shape, crown shape, season phase change, distribution condition, application condition and resource quantity.
In the preferred scheme, the method for obtaining the weight of each index in the hierarchical structure model by adopting the analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
i) comparing the importance of the corresponding factors of the row where the matrix is located with the importance of the corresponding factors of the column where the matrix is located, and adopting a nine-scale value assignment method to form a matrix according to the comparison result of every two matrixes as a judgment matrix;
ii) taking a matrix formed by pairwise comparison results of the evaluation indexes of the criterion layer as a criterion layer judgment matrix, and taking a matrix formed by pairwise comparison results of 15 indexes of the index layer corresponding to the five indexes of the criterion layer as an index layer judgment matrix;
iii) respectively solving the maximum eigenvalue lambda of the criterion layer judgment matrix and the index layer judgment matrix which pass the consistency verificationmaxAnd its corresponding eigenvector W;
iv) the index layer judges the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix to be the weight value of the criterion layer-index layer; and the criterion layer judges that the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix is the weighted value of the target layer-the criterion layer.
In the preferred scheme, the method for carrying out consistency check on the alignment layer judgment matrix and the index layer judgment matrix comprises the following steps: calculating a consistency index CI and a consistency ratio CR, wherein RI is an average random consistency index value, if CR is less than 0.10, the matrix has consistency, otherwise, the matrix presents obvious inconsistency:
Figure BDA0002204409760000031
CI＝(λmax-n)/(n-1)；
CR＝CI/RI；
wherein λmaxIs the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix.
In the preferred scheme, the sequencing weights of the elements of the same level for the relative importance of the highest level are determined, the consistency of each judgment matrix is checked, the sequencing is carried out layer by layer from the highest level to the lowest level, the weights of the scheme layer to the target layer are obtained through layer by layer calculation, the weight is the most optimal scheme, and the consistency check is carried out on the total sequencing:
Figure BDA0002204409760000032
CR is CI/RI, with complete identity when CR < 0.10.
In the preferred scheme, the index weight is calculated by adopting a root method:
Figure BDA0002204409760000035
preferably, a waste mine ecological restoration plant screening comprehensive evaluation mathematical model is established, a weight set W is multiplied by each index scoring result R, and a comprehensive evaluation value B is calculated and determined:
Figure BDA0002204409760000036
in the formula: r isiThe score of the ith evaluation index;
withe weighted value of the ith evaluation index; i is 1,2, … …, n.
The invention discloses a screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines, which mainly adopts the following steps: (1) establishing a hierarchical structure model; (2) constructing a judgment matrix, judging the relative importance of each index of each layer, obtaining the weight of each index and judging the consistency; (3) determining an index scoring standard, and evaluating and assigning values to the plants; (4) and calculating a comprehensive evaluation index, and recommending the types of the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: screening evaluation indexes according to the ecological relationship between the mine environment and plants, and establishing a hierarchical structure model;
establishing a comprehensive evaluation index system of a target layer A, a standard layer B and an index layer C, wherein the target layer is of a type of ecological restoration plants in a mining area; the criterion layer comprises ecological performance, biological characteristics, economic value, ornamental value and market value; the index layer comprises drought tolerance, barren tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, growth speed, soil fixing capacity, coverage, life span, acquisition degree, reproductive capacity, maintenance cost, leaf shape, flower shape, crown shape, season phase change, distribution condition, application condition and resource quantity.
Step two: carrying out weight assignment on each index by adopting an analytic hierarchy process, carrying out index weight assignment by adopting a scaling method of numerical values 1-9 and reciprocal thereof by adopting the analytic hierarchy process, scoring indexes to obtain a judgment matrix, carrying out consistency verification, and obtaining each index weight through normalization of the matrix and calculation of a characteristic value;
the specific process is as follows: comparing the importance of the corresponding factors of the row where the matrix is located with the importance of the corresponding factors of the column where the matrix is located, and adopting a nine-scale value assignment method; taking a matrix formed by two comparison results as a judgment matrix; comparing every two standard layer evaluation indexes to obtain a standard layer judgment matrix, and comparing every two 15 indexes of the index layers corresponding to the five indexes of the standard layer to form an index layer judgment matrix; respectively solving the maximum eigenvalue lambda of the criterion layer judgment matrix and the index layer judgment matrix which pass the consistency verificationmaxAnd its corresponding eigenvector W; the index layer judges that the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix is the weight value of the criterion layer-index layer; the criterion layer judges that the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix is the weighted value of the target layer-the criterion layer;
the index weight is calculated by adopting a root method:
Figure BDA0002204409760000041
Figure BDA0002204409760000042
before calculating the weight of each index, carrying out consistency check on the index:
calculating a consistency index CI and a consistency ratio CR, wherein RI is an average random consistency index value, if CR is less than 0.10, the matrix has consistency, otherwise, the matrix presents obvious inconsistency:
CI＝(λmax-n)/(n-1) (4)
CR＝CI/RI (5)
wherein λmaxIs the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix;
determining the ranking weight of each element of the same level to the relative importance of the highest level, checking the consistency of each judgment matrix, performing layer by layer from the highest level to the lowest level, and calculating layer by layer to obtain the weight of the scheme layer to the target layer, wherein the maximum weight is the optimal scheme. And performing consistency check on the total ordering:
Figure BDA0002204409760000044
CR is CI/RI, with complete identity when CR < 0.10.
Step three: evaluating and assigning mine ecological restoration plants according to evaluation standards;
evaluating and assigning mine ecological restoration plants according to evaluation standards;
step four: performing total hierarchical sequencing, and calculating layer by layer to obtain the weight of the scheme to the target layer, wherein the maximum weight is the optimal scheme;
establishing a waste mine ecological restoration plant screening comprehensive evaluation mathematical model, multiplying a weight set W by each index scoring result R, and calculating and determining a comprehensive evaluation value B:
Figure BDA0002204409760000051
in the formula: r isi-the score of the ith evaluation index;
wi-the weight value of the i-th evaluation index.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the method of the invention is a hierarchical component index system, which is beneficial to determining the relation between the purpose and the index and reducing the complexity, and meanwhile, the capability of the plant can be judged from various angles by the hierarchical method, which is convenient for analyzing and summarizing the evaluation result;
(2) the method can objectively and truly reflect the complex ecosystem of the mine and the action and significance of the plant in the mine ecological restoration, has representativeness and reflects the influence of the mine environment on the plant and the ecological function exerted by the plant;
(3) the method can provide scientific basis for selecting proper mine ecological restoration plants from five aspects of ecological performance, biological characteristics, economic value, ornamental value and market value, and greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of evaluation work;
(4) the method is suitable for selecting the plants in the ecological restoration process of the abandoned mine, is popular and easy to understand, has clear layers, is simple and practical to operate and is easy to popularize.
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FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap for the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the hierarchical model of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the claims of the present invention is not limited by the examples.
The invention relates to a screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines, in particular to a comprehensive screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines. The invention comprehensively evaluates the mine ecological restoration plants, thereby providing a reference basis for the selection of plant species for mine ecological restoration. The method of the invention is to analyze the requirements of the mine environment on the plant characteristics and establish a hierarchical structure model: a criterion layer consisting of ecological performance, biological characteristics, economic value, ornamental value and market value and an index layer consisting of 17 indexes; the weighted value of each index is calculated, so that the blank of a comprehensive evaluation method for screening the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine is effectively filled, and an effective reference is provided for screening the ecological restoration plants of the mine.
A comprehensive screening method for ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines comprises the steps of establishing a hierarchical structure model which comprises a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer, then obtaining weighted values of all indexes through calculation, finally scoring the plants, and obtaining a comprehensive evaluation value of the plants through weighted calculation.
As shown in fig. 1, the method using an analytic hierarchy process can be roughly divided into the following steps:
step 1, establishing a hierarchical structure model, and screening a comprehensive evaluation index system of the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 comprehensive evaluation index system for screening ecological restoration plants of abandoned mine
Figure BDA0002204409760000061
And 2, establishing a criterion layer and index layer judgment matrix.
TABLE 2 criterion layer judgment matrix (A-B)
A B1 B2 B3 …… Bn
B1 B11 B12 B13 …… B1n
B2 B21 B22 B23 …… B2n
B3 B31 B32 B33 …… B3n
…… …… …… …… …… ……
Bn Bn1 Bn2 Bn3 …… Bnn
Note: bij is the ratio of the importance of factors Bi and Bj.
TABLE 3 index layer decision matrix (B-C)
B C1 C2 C3 …… Cn
C1 C11 C12 C13 …… C1n
C2 C21 C22 C23 …… C2n
C3 C31 C32 C33 …… C3n
…… …… …… …… …… ……
Cn Cn1 Cn2 Cn3 …… Cnn
Note: cij is the ratio of the importance of the factors Ci to Cj.
And determining a scaling method as shown in the table 4, referring to the scaling methods of 1-9 and the reciprocal thereof, determining the relative importance of each element to the last level, and constructing each judgment matrix.
TABLE 4 judge matrix Scale and its implications
TABLE 5 criteria layer determination matrix (A-B)
TABLE 6 index layer judgment matrix (B1-C)
Ecological adaptability of B1 Drought resistance of C1 Resistance to barrenness of C2 Salt and alkali resistance of C3
Drought resistance of C1 1 5/4 5
Resistance to barrenness of C2 4/5 1 4
Salt and alkali resistance of C3 1/5 1/4 1
TABLE 7 index layer judgment matrix (B2-C)
B2 biological Properties Growth rate of C4 C5 root system soil-fixing ability C6 coverage Life span of C7
Growth rate of C4 1 1 4 4
C5 root system soil-fixing ability 1 1 4 4
C6 coverage 1/4 1/4 1 1
Life span of C7 1/4 1/4 1 1
TABLE 8 layer judgment matrix of indexes (B3-C)
Figure BDA0002204409760000083
Figure BDA0002204409760000091
TABLE 9 layer judgment matrix of indexes (B4-C)
B4 ornamental value C11 leaf shape C12 flower shape C13 crown shape Quaternary phase change of C14
C11 leaf shape 1 2 1/2 2/3
C12 flower shape 1/2 1 1/4 1/3
C13 crown shape 2 4 1 4/3
Quaternary phase change of C14 3/2 3 3/4 1
TABLE 10 layer judgment matrix of indexes (B5-C)
B5 potential for use C15 distribution C16 market application Amount of C17 resource
C15 distribution 1 2 2
C16 market application 1/2 1 1
Amount of C17 resource 1/2 1 1
And calculating the relative weight of the compared elements to the criterion by the judgment matrix, and carrying out consistency check on the judgment matrix, wherein the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue is the weight value of each index.
TABLE 9 average random consistency index RI
Order of the scale 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RI 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.90 1.12 1.24 1.32 1.41 1.45 1.49
TABLE 10 AHP analytical evaluation index and weight values
Figure BDA0002204409760000101
Note: A-B: lambda [ alpha ]max＝4.998，CI＝-0.0005，RI＝1.12，CR＝-0.0005<0.1；
B1-C：λmax＝3.000，CI＝0.000，RI＝0.58，CR＝0.00<0.1；
B2-C：λmax＝4.001，CI＝0.0003，RI＝0.90，CR＝0.00037<0.1；
B3-C：λmax＝3.008，CI＝0.004，RI＝0.58，CR＝0.007<0.1；
B4-C：λmax＝3.998，CI＝-0.0007，RI＝0.90，CR＝-0.0008<0.1；
B5-C：λmax＝3.001，CI＝0.0005，RI＝0.58，CR＝0.0009<0.1；
And (3) total sorting: CI ═ 0.001, RI ═ 0.687, and CR ═ 0.002< 0.1.
And determining the index scoring standard of the ecological restoration plants, wherein evaluation values given by the indexes are divided into three levels, and research data sources are provided with documents and research papers.
TABLE 11 grading Standard of indexes of ecological restoration plants
Figure BDA0002204409760000102
And 3, selecting a certain abandoned quarry mine in Yueyang City of Hunan province, evaluating 18 common local plants of different types according to a scoring standard, and assigning and scoring.
TABLE 12 evaluation values of mine plants
Figure BDA0002204409760000112
Figure BDA0002204409760000121
And 4, performing weighted integration according to the weights of all layers, and calculating the final integrated evaluation index of each plant.
TABLE 13 comprehensive evaluation index of plants
Ranking Name of plant Variety of (IV) C Index of comprehensive evaluation
1 Lespedeza virgata Bush 2.973
2 Kudzu vine Rattan book 2.973
3 Tiger climbing Rattan book 2.933
4 White elm Arbor 2.917
5 Honeysuckle flower Rattan book 2.669
6 Festuca arundinacea (Roxb.) Craib Herbal medicine 2.606
7 Robinia pseudoacacia Arbor 2.478
8 Pyracantha fortuneana Bush 2.402
9 Masson pine Arbor 2.367
10 Vitex negundo L Bush 2.263
11 Cloud fruit Bush 2.242
12 Herb of common Setaria Herbal medicine 2.209
13 Wild chrysanthemum flower Herbal medicine 2.194
14 Weeping willow Arbor 2.107
15 Ciliate desert-grass Herbal medicine 2.094
16 Soapberry Arbor 1.997
17 Adiantum capillus-veneris Herbal medicine 1.816
18 Root of goldenrain tree with double leaves Arbor 1.674
According to the final comprehensive evaluation index, the mine ecological restoration plants can select high-evaluation trees such as ulmus pumila and robinia pseudoacacia, shrubs such as lespedeza virgata and pyracantha fortuneana, herbaceous plants such as cogongrass and setaria viridis, and liana such as kudzu and parthenocissus tricuspidata. The plant with higher comprehensive evaluation index is the most suitable plant for ecological restoration of the abandoned mine and can be used as a candidate plant in the ecological restoration process. In the plant configuration, the principle of combining the indigenous plants with foreign species, vegetation succession and the like is emphasized, and meanwhile, in order to enhance the richness of the landscape, evergreen and fallen leaves can be selected and combined with trees, shrubs, herbs and vines to form a multi-level and multi-structure plant community, so that a rich habitat is created, the diversity and species diversity of landscape levels are reflected, and the ecological environment of the mine is recovered as soon as possible.

Claims (8)

1. A screening method of ecological restoration plants of abandoned mines is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) establishing a hierarchical structure model according to the ecological relationship between the mine environment and the plants;
2) obtaining the weight of each index in the hierarchical structure model by adopting an analytic hierarchy process;
3) calculating according to the weight to obtain a comprehensive evaluation value of the ecological restoration plant;
4) and (4) recommending the type of the ecological restoration plants of the abandoned mine according to the calculation of the comprehensive evaluation value.
2. The method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the hierarchical structure model is a comprehensive evaluation index system comprising a target layer, a criterion layer and an index layer.
3. The method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the target layer is of a type of ecological restoration plants in the mining area;
the criterion layer comprises ecological performance, biological characteristics, economic value, ornamental value and market value;
the index layer comprises drought tolerance, barren tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, growth speed, soil fixing capacity, coverage, life span, acquisition degree, reproductive capacity, maintenance cost, leaf shape, flower shape, crown shape, season phase change, distribution condition, application condition and resource quantity.
4. The method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the method for obtaining the weight of each index in the hierarchical structure model by adopting the analytic hierarchy process comprises the following steps:
i) comparing the importance of the corresponding factors of the row where the matrix is located with the importance of the corresponding factors of the column where the matrix is located, and adopting a nine-scale value assignment method to form a matrix according to the comparison result of every two matrixes as a judgment matrix;
ii) taking a matrix formed by pairwise comparison results of the evaluation indexes of the criterion layer as a criterion layer judgment matrix, and taking a matrix formed by pairwise comparison results of 15 indexes of the index layer corresponding to the five indexes of the criterion layer as an index layer judgment matrix;
iii) respectively solving the maximum eigenvalue lambda of the criterion layer judgment matrix and the index layer judgment matrix which pass the consistency verificationmaxAnd its corresponding eigenvector W;
iv) the index layer judges the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix to be the weight value of the criterion layer-index layer; and the criterion layer judges that the eigenvector corresponding to the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix is the weighted value of the target layer-the criterion layer.
5. The method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method for carrying out consistency check on the criterion layer judgment matrix and the index layer judgment matrix comprises the following steps:
and calculating a consistency index CI and a consistency ratio CR, wherein RI is an average random consistency index value, if CR is less than 0.10, the matrix has consistency, otherwise, the matrix presents obvious inconsistency:
Figure FDA0002204409750000021
CI＝(λmax-n)/(n-1)；
CR＝CI/RI；
wherein λmaxIs the maximum eigenvalue of the matrix.
6. The method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining the ranking weight of each element of the same level for the relative importance of the highest level, checking the consistency of each judgment matrix, performing layer by layer from the highest level to the lowest level, calculating layer by layer to obtain the weight of a scheme layer to a target layer, wherein the maximum weight is the optimal scheme, and checking the consistency of the total ranking:
Figure FDA0002204409750000022
Figure FDA0002204409750000023
CR is CI/RI, with complete identity when CR < 0.10.
7. The method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) calculating index weight by adopting a root method:
Figure FDA0002204409750000024
8. the method for screening the ecological restoration plants for the abandoned mine according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: establishing a waste mine ecological restoration plant screening comprehensive evaluation mathematical model, multiplying a weight set W by each index scoring result R, and calculating and determining a comprehensive evaluation value B:
Figure FDA0002204409750000026
in the formula: r isiThe score of the ith evaluation index;
withe weighted value of the ith evaluation index;
i＝1,2，……，n。
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