CN110687586B - Method and device for measuring polarization degree based on CZT detector - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring polarization degree based on CZT detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN110687586B CN110687586B CN201911075569.3A CN201911075569A CN110687586B CN 110687586 B CN110687586 B CN 110687586B CN 201911075569 A CN201911075569 A CN 201911075569A CN 110687586 B CN110687586 B CN 110687586B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a polarization degree measuring device based on a CZT detector, which comprises a CZT detecting device, a ray generating device and a polarization device, wherein the ray generating device is arranged on an annular moving table, the polarization device is arranged in the center of the annular moving table, the ray generating device can change the relative angle between the ray generating device and the polarization device under the condition of keeping the distance between the ray generating device and the polarization device unchanged through a mode that the ray generating device rotates relative to the polarization device on the annular moving table, under the condition that polarized light is transmitted to the CZT detecting device, the incident angles formed by the polarized light with different scattering angles relative to an arc-shaped energy spectrum detecting module are the same, so that the polarization degree measuring device can keep the energy loss in the air transmission process consistent mode without changing the distance between a radioactive source and the polarization device under the condition that the polarized light with different scattering angles has the same detection efficiency on the arc-shaped energy spectrum detecting module A plurality of polarization degree measurements are performed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-energy ray detection, in particular to a method and a device for measuring polarization degree based on a CZT detector.
Background
The semiconductor detector is a novel nuclear radiation detector which is rapidly developed since the sixties of the last century, has the advantages of high energy resolution, good linear response, short pulse rise time, simple structure, high detection efficiency and convenient operation, and is widely applied to nuclear physical tests and researches.
The operation principle of nuclear radiation detectors, also called spatial radiation detectors, is based on the interaction of particles with materials. When a particle passes through a material, the material absorbs some or all of its energy to produce ionization or excitation. If the particles are gamma rays or X rays, the particles firstly pass through a plurality of intermediate processes to generate photoelectric effect, Compton effect or positive and negative ion pairs, and the energy is partially or completely transferred to orbital electrons of the substance to generate ionization or excitation. For uncharged neutral particles, such as neutrons, charged particles are produced by nuclear reactions, which then cause ionization or excitation. Radiation detectors use a suitable detection medium as the substance that interacts with particles to convert the ionization or excitation produced by the particles in the detection medium into various forms of information that are directly or indirectly acceptable to the human senses.
The cadmium zinc telluride (Cd Zn Te) crystal is a novel room-temperature ternary compound semiconductor nuclear radiation detector material with excellent performance. The resistivity is high, the atomic number is large, the forbidden band width is large, and the forbidden band width continuously changes from 1.4ev to 2.26ev along with the change of the Zn content. The resolution ratio of the energy of the X-ray is good at room temperature, and the energy detection range is 10Kev-6 Mev. The method can be applied to various detectors and spectrometers in the fields of astronomy, medicine, industry, military and the like. Meanwhile, the material can also be used as an infrared detector material, an epitaxial substrate, a laser window, a solar cell and the like.
Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) as one of the semiconductor nuclear radiation detectors which are currently in great interest has the comprehensive advantages of small volume, higher resistivity, wider forbidden bandwidth and the like. The size is small, so that the CZT detector has strong compatibility in group detection and great advantage in space detection; the CZT detector has higher resistivity and wider forbidden bandwidth, so that the CZT detector has lower dark current at room temperature, the low-temperature application conditions of the common Si and Ge semiconductor detectors are broken through, and the complexity of a detection system is effectively reduced. The radiation detection technology research based on the CZT material can provide a new detection technology approach for the fields of medical diagnosis, industrial flaw detection, space radiation detection and the like. At present, the CZT detector is widely applied to the aspect of energy spectrum measurement, and in the aspect of pulse radiation detection, a room temperature semiconductor detector with fast time response (ns magnitude) and high signal-to-noise ratio is expected to be provided, so that the CZT detector has great research value and application prospect.
The CdZnTe crystal is a new material of room-temperature semiconductor nuclear radiation detectors with excellent performance developed in recent years, and has a sphalerite structure, and the space group is F43 m. The CdZnTe crystal is due to the lower resistivity of CdTe crystal. The manufactured detector has larger leakage current and lower energy resolution, and the forbidden bandwidth is increased after Zn is doped in CdTe. The intrinsic detection efficiency is high, the detector is insensitive to humidity, the size is small, the energy resolution of X rays and gamma rays is good at room temperature, the energy detection range is 10keV-6MeV, the phenomenon of no polarization is caused, the detector is very suitable for photons with the energy of 10 keV-500 keV, and meanwhile, the detector can work well at room temperature.
In the pulse radiation measurement, sensitivity and time characteristics are key characteristics of the CZT detector and have close relation with crystal quality and crystal size. On one hand, the CZT crystal is limited by a crystal growth technology, inevitable defects exist in the CZT crystal, and the radiation detection performance of the detector is seriously influenced by the capture and de-capture effects of the defects on current carriers; on the other hand, under the existing crystal growth technical conditions, in order to reduce the influence of defects on the performance of the CZT detector, thinner crystals (with the thickness in the mm and mum magnitude) are often adopted. The crystal with thin thickness is adopted, because the thinner the crystal with the same sensitive area is, the shorter the time required by the current carrier in the crystal to finish the transportation process is, the influence of the defects on the current carrier is reduced to a certain extent, and the time response characteristic of the detector is improved. However, the use of thin crystals reduces the energy of the radiation deposited in the crystals, resulting in a lower upper sensitivity limit of the detector. The limitation of the crystal quality on the volume of the material makes the large-size single crystal CZT material extremely difficult to obtain, and limits the sensitivity range of the CZT detector.
In conclusion, the CZT detector has extremely high application prospect in the aspect of high-energy physics, and can be used for an acceleration system of high-energy particles. The compound semiconductor detector has great competitiveness, and application in particle physics is expected to be greatly developed. In addition, the CZT detector has wide application prospect in the aspect of astronomical physical research. The development and application of the CZT detector enable a high-efficiency detector for obtaining high-performance photons to become possible, and with the continuous improvement of the preparation technology of the high-quality CdZnTe crystal, the CdZnTe detector is bound to be applied in wider fields by further deep understanding of the carrier collection process and rapid development of low-noise microelectronics.
However, in pulsed radiation measurement, sensitivity and time characteristics are key characteristics of the CZT detector, and there is a close relationship with crystal quality and crystal size. However, due to the limitation of the crystal growth technology, the CZT crystal has inevitable defects, the radiation detection performance of the detector is seriously influenced by the capture and de-capture effects of the defects on carriers, and a complete energy response curve cannot be obtained experimentally. Therefore, how to improve the detection efficiency of the CZT space radiation detector is an urgent problem in the field of high-energy ray detection.
Chinese patent publication No. CN102798882A discloses a current-mode CZT detector with a crimping structure. The method solves the technical problems of poor packaging structure of the CZT detector, increased leakage current after packaging, insecure electrodes, high preparation difficulty, unstable performance, low finished product rate in processing and customization and the like caused by process and technical conditions. The CZT crystal shielding device comprises a shielding shell, two cable adapters arranged outside the shielding shell, a through hole arranged in the shielding shell, and a CZT crystal, a conductive backing ring, an electrode and a gland which are arranged in the through hole; the surfaces of two sides of the CZT crystal are plated with conducting layers; the conductive backing rings, the electrodes and the pressing covers are divided into two groups and are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the CZT crystal, the conductive backing rings are respectively contacted with two sides of the CZT crystal, the electrodes are contacted with the corresponding conductive backing rings, and the electrodes and the conductive backing rings are fixed in the shielding shell and tightly pressed on the CZT crystal by the pressing covers. The patent has high detection efficiency and detection sensitivity, and stable and reliable performance.
Chinese patent (publication No. CN106249273A) discloses a high-sensitivity Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) semiconductor detector, which comprises a housing, an output signal circuit and a CZT semiconductor component, wherein the housing is formed by sequentially and fixedly connecting a front cover, a middle cylinder and a rear cover. The patent mainly solves the problem that the crystal growth technology limits the size of the CZT crystal, increases the sensitive volume of the pulse radiation detector, expands the upper limit of the sensitivity range of the detector, and provides a method for calibrating the sensitivity of the CZT detector.
Chinese patent (publication No. CN104267423B) discloses a system and a method for detecting X-ray polarization degree; the detection system always can obtain the polarization spectrums of the X rays in two mutually perpendicular different directions under the condition that the crystal material adopted by the crystal slices on the diffraction table meets the Bragg diffraction condition aiming at the wavelength of the X rays to be detected and the X rays incident from the light incident channel are radiated on the crystal slices of two diffraction working surfaces of the diffraction table by means of the principle that the X rays generate the X-ray polarization spectrums by diffracting the X rays by the crystals, has a smart structure, is easy to produce, and solves the problem that the X-ray polarization degree detection product is lost in the prior art; the detection method directly detects the X-ray polarization degree by means of the X-ray polarization spectrum intensities in two directions detected by the two X-ray detectors in the detection system, is simple to operate, is suitable for detecting the X-ray polarization degree in any occasions, and has a wide application range.
As can be seen from the fresnel formula, the polarization state of the reflected light is related to the incident angle when the polarization state of the incident light is constant, and in the design of early optical systems, many optical systems are assumed to propagate various polarization states equivalently, that is, the transmission efficiency of the optical systems for various polarized lights is the same, but in reality, all the optical systems change the polarization state of the incident light when the light is not normally incident, and the polarization conversion effect of the optical systems is called the polarization sensitivity of the optical systems, because the conversion efficiency during all the optical detection is not isotropic to the polarized light, so the influence of the change of the polarization state of the reflected light on the experimental results is not negligible. In order to improve the detection efficiency of the CZT space radiation detector, for example, in the above patents, the CZT crystal production and processing technology is generally improved, or the energy response curve is simply theoretically compensated, but both methods cannot effectively restore the true energy curve or improve the detection sensitivity. The detection efficiency of the CZT detector is related to the incident angle of the polarized light relative to the energy spectrum detection module, and the intensity of the polarized light received by the energy spectrum detection module changes correspondingly with the change of the incident angle of the energy spectrum detection module, so that the distortion degree of the detection result at the corresponding energy spectrum detection modules under different scattering angles of the polarized light is obviously different, and how to solve the problem is not considered in the above patents.
Therefore, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and provides the polarization degree measuring method and the polarization degree measuring device based on the CZT detector, which can improve the accuracy of the detection result and further calibrate the CZT detector result.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the independent claim of the invention provides a polarization degree measuring device based on a CZT detector, which at least comprises a CZT detecting device, a ray generating device and a polarization device, wherein the CZT detecting device at least comprises an annular shell and an arc-shaped energy spectrum detecting module arranged in the annular shell, the arc-shaped energy spectrum detecting module at least comprises an arc-shaped substrate and an array CZT layer, the array CZT layer is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped substrate through an adhesive sealing layer, during measuring, the ray generating device is arranged on an annular moving table, the polarization device is arranged in the center of the annular moving table, the ray generating device can change the relative angle between the ray generating device and the polarization device under the condition of keeping the distance between the ray generating device and the polarization device unchanged through rotating the ray generating device on the annular moving table relative to the polarization device, under the condition that the polarized light is transmitted to the CZT detection device, the incident angles formed by the polarized light with different scattering angles relative to the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module are the same, so that the polarization degree measurement device can perform multiple polarization degree measurements in a mode of keeping consistent energy lost by the radioactive source in the air transmission process during multiple measurements without changing the distance between the radioactive source and the polarization device under the condition that the polarized light with different scattering angles has the same detection efficiency on the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module.
Compared with the conventional CZT detector, due to the fact that the detection efficiency is related to the incident angle of the polarized light relative to the energy spectrum detection module, the intensity of the polarized light received by the energy spectrum detection module changes along with the change of the incident angle, and therefore the detection results at the energy spectrum detection modules corresponding to different polarized light scattering angles are different in distortion degree. According to the invention, through the matching of the ray generating device and the polarization detection unit, the compensation method for the polarization degree under different incidence angles of the radioactive source is generated by comparing the actually measured polarization degree image and the theoretical polarization degree image under different incidence angles of the radioactive source, calibration is provided for the polarization degree measurement of the space radiation detector, and the detection efficiency of the polarization detection unit is greatly improved.
In addition, the advantages are that:
1. the invention enables a user to accurately adjust the incident angle of the radioactive source relative to the polarizing device by arranging the annular mobile station. Meanwhile, because the polarization device is arranged at the center of the annular mobile station, the distance between the radioactive source and the polarization device is always kept consistent when the incident angle is changed by a user, and the problem that the detection result of the polarization detection unit is influenced due to different energy losses of the radioactive source in the air transmission process caused by the change of the distance between the radioactive source and the polarization device is effectively avoided.
2. Aiming at the problem that the polarization degrees acquired by the CZT detection device have errors of different degrees under different incidence angles of the radioactive source, the invention generates a compensation method for the polarization degrees under different incidence angles of the radioactive source by matching the ray generation device with the CZT detection device and comparing an image based on the actually measured polarization degrees under different incidence angles of the radioactive source with a theoretical polarization degree image, thereby further providing calibration for the polarization degree measurement of the CZT detection device. The calibration method is matched with the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module, so that the detection efficiency of the CZT detection device is greatly improved, and the measured value is infinitely close to the theoretical value.
According to a preferred embodiment, the array CZT layer comprises at least one CZT crystal and an arc electrode arranged on the CZT crystal, a high-voltage electrode layer of the arc electrode is connected with a power supply, a collecting electrode layer of the arc electrode is connected with a signal output circuit, and the signal output circuit is arranged on the arc substrate.
According to a preferred embodiment, the annular mobile station at least comprises a support body, a horizontal adjusting device and an annular slide rail, the annular slide rail is fixedly connected with the support body, the horizontal adjusting device is slidably connected with the annular slide rail, and the radiation generating device is fixedly arranged on the horizontal adjusting device.
According to a preferred embodiment, be provided with the radiation source in the ray generating device, ray generating device one side is provided with shielded box, objective table and collimater, wherein, the shielded box set up in on the objective table, be provided with on the shielded box the collimater, be provided with in the shielded box CZT detection device.
According to a preferred embodiment, the CZT detection apparatus detecting gamma rays comprises at least the following steps: the method comprises the steps of measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of a polarized light source based on the CZT detection device, generating polarization degrees, repeatedly measuring the polarization degrees by changing the incidence angles of the radioactive sources, generating actual measurement images of the polarization degrees changing along with the incidence angles of the radioactive sources based on a data processing unit, and generating a calibration formula based on theoretical images and actual measurement images of the polarization degrees of the radioactive sources changing under different incidence angles.
According to a preferred embodiment, the data processing unit generating the degree of polarization comprises at least the following steps: the data processing unit is used for generating gamma rays based on the radioactive source, generating collimated gamma rays through the collimator, generating the polarized light source based on the collimated gamma rays after passing through the polarizing device, measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source based on the CZT detection device, and processing the energy distribution curves based on C (phi) ═ Acos [ 2 (phi-) ]0+ pi/2) ] the energy distribution curve is fitted with B and a value of A, B at the angle of incidence is generated, the value of μ at the angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light are measured on the basis of μ -a/B100Generating the degree of polarization, wherein the degree of polarization is defined as μ/μ100。
According to a preferred embodiment, the CZT detection apparatus generating the energy profile comprises at least the following steps: the method comprises the steps that gamma rays are generated based on a ray generating device, the collimated gamma rays are generated through a collimator, the polarized light source is generated after the polarized light source passes through a polarizing device, the polarized light source is detected based on an electronic detector, recoil electronic signals are generated, signals for controlling the CZT detecting device to work are generated based on the recoil electronic signals, and energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source are measured based on the CZT detecting device.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronic detector is electrically connected to the CZT detection device via a coincidence circuit, and the CZT detection device is electrically connected to the data processing unit via the coincidence circuit.
According to a preferred embodiment, a method for measuring a degree of polarization based on a CZT detector comprises at least the following steps: based on CZT detection device measures the energy distribution curve of the different scattering angles of polarized light source and generates the polarization degree, through changing the repeated measurement of radiation source incident angle the polarization degree to generate based on data processing unit the polarization degree is along with the measured image of radiation source incident angle change, wherein, ray generating device realizes changing radiation source incident angle through rotating for annular mobile station, and ray generating device rotates on the annular mobile station and changes ray generating device for under the circumstances of polarizer angle, ray generating device with the distance between the polarizer remains unchanged, based on theoretical image and the measured image of the polarization degree change of radiation source under different incident angles generate calibration formula.
According to a preferred embodiment, generating said degree of polarization comprises at least the following steps: the data processing unit is used for generating gamma rays based on the radioactive source, generating collimated gamma rays through the collimator, generating the polarized light source based on the collimated gamma rays after passing through the polarizing device, measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source based on the CZT detection device, and processing the energy distribution curves based on C (phi) ═ Acos [ 2 (phi-) ]0+ pi/2) ] the energy distribution curve is fitted with B and a value of A, B at the angle of incidence is generated, the value of μ at the angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light are measured on the basis of μ -a/B100Generating the degree of polarization, wherein the degree of polarization is defined as μ/μ100。
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a simplified apparatus connection schematic of a CZT detection apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simplified optical path design schematic diagram of a method of measuring polarization of a CZT detector of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified device connection diagram of the ring mobile station of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a simplified flow diagram of the present invention for generating a calibration equation;
FIG. 5 is a simplified device connection diagram of the subject table of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simplified device connection schematic of a top view of the loop mobile station of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a simplified circuit connection schematic of the signal output circuit of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graphical illustration of a calibration curve of the sensitivity of a conventional CZT detector; and
fig. 9 is a graphical illustration of a calibration curve of the sensitivity of the CZT detector of the invention.
List of reference numerals
1: CZT detection device 2: the radiation generating device 3: polarizing device
4: the data processing unit 5: the ring-shaped mobile station 11: annular housing
12: arc energy spectrum detection module 13: arc-shaped substrate 14: array CZT layer
15: and (3) sealing glue layer P: degree of polarization 17: cambered surface electrode
18: the signal output circuit 21: the radiation source 22: collimator
24: the shield case 25: the stage 31: electronic detector
32: the coincidence circuit 51: support body 52: level adjusting device
53: an annular slide rail Z: actual measurement image Z0: theoretical image
Z1: calibration formula
Detailed Description
This is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1-9.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, embodiment 1 discloses a polarization degree measuring device based on a CZT detector, which at least includes a CZT detecting device 1, a ray generating device 2 and a polarizing device 3, the CZT detecting device 1 at least includes an annular housing 11 and an arc-shaped energy spectrum detecting module 12 arranged in the annular housing 11, the arc-shaped energy spectrum detecting module 12 at least includes an arc-shaped substrate 13 and an array CZT layer 14, and the array CZT layer 14 is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped substrate 13 through an adhesive sealant layer 15.
Preferably, the array CZT layer 14 comprises at least one CZT crystal and an arc electrode 17 arranged on the CZT crystal, a high-voltage electrode layer of the arc electrode 17 is connected with a power supply, a collecting electrode layer of the arc electrode 17 is connected with a signal output circuit 18, and the signal output circuit 18 is arranged on the arc substrate 13.
Preferably, the high voltage electrode layer and the collecting electrode layer of the arc electrode 17 are respectively arranged on two sides of the CZT crystal and are both in ohmic contact.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the signal output circuit 18 may be an addition circuit whose matching resistance of each non-inverting input terminal satisfies R1 ═ R2 ═ … ═ RN ═ Rf, and R1| | R2| | | | … | | RN | | | R' ═ Rf | | | | | R; wherein, R1, R2, … and RN are matching resistors at the non-inverting input end; rf is a feedback resistance; r' is the equilibrium resistance; r is an additional resistance.
Preferably, in the case of transmitting polarized light to the CZT detection apparatus 1, the incident angles of the polarized light with respect to the arc-shaped spectrum detection modules 12 are the same for different scattering angles, i.e. the detection efficiency at the arc-shaped spectrum detection modules 12 corresponding to the different scattering angles of the polarized light is the same.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the dotted line in fig. 8 represents the actual measurement value of the conventional CZT detector, and the solid line represents the theoretical value; fig. 9 is a measurement of CZT detection in the present invention. Compared with the traditional CZT detector, the detection efficiency of the CZT detector is clearly observed to be related to the incidence angle of the polarized light relative to the energy spectrum detection module by comparing the two graphs, and the intensity of the polarized light incident into the energy spectrum detection module changes along with the change of the incidence angle, so that the detection result distortion degrees at the energy spectrum detection modules corresponding to different polarized light scattering angles are obviously different problems. According to the invention, the arc-shaped substrate 13 and the array CZT layer arranged on the arc-shaped substrate 13 are arranged to form the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12, so that the same incident angle of the polarized light with different scattering angles relative to the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12 is ensured, namely the same detection efficiency is ensured at the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12 corresponding to the different scattering angles of the polarized light, the problems that the intensity of the polarized light received by the energy spectrum detection module changes along with the change of the incident angle of the polarized light, and the detection results at the energy spectrum detection modules corresponding to the different scattering angles of the polarized light have different distortion degrees are solved, and the detection efficiency of the CZT detection device 1 is improved.
According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, the radiation generating device 2 is arranged on the circular moving table 5, the polarization device 3 is arranged at the center of the circular moving table 5, and the distance between the radiation generating device 2 and the polarization device 3 is kept constant when the radiation generating device 2 rotates on the circular moving table 5 and changes the angle of the radiation generating device 2 relative to the polarization device 3.
Preferably, the present invention enables a user to accurately adjust the incident angle of the radiation source 21 with respect to the polarizing device 3 by providing the ring-shaped moving stage 5. Meanwhile, the polarizing device 3 is arranged at the center of the annular mobile station 5, so that the distance between the radiation source 21 and the polarizing device 3 is always kept consistent when the incident angle is changed by a user, and the problem that the detection result of the CZT detection device 1 is influenced due to different energy losses of the radiation source 21 in the air transmission process caused by the change of the distance between the radiation source 21 and the polarizing device 3 is effectively avoided.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, the ring-shaped moving table 5 at least includes a supporting body 51, a horizontal adjusting device 52 and a ring-shaped sliding rail 53, the ring-shaped sliding rail 53 is fixedly connected with the supporting body 51, the horizontal adjusting device 52 is slidably connected with the ring-shaped sliding rail 53, and the radiation generating device 2 is fixedly arranged on the horizontal adjusting device 52. Preferably, the horizontal adjusting device 52 is used for the user to adjust the emitting angle of the radioactive source 21 at the beginning of the experiment, so as to ensure the equal height and the common axis of the whole light path.
Preferably, the radius of the circular mobile station 5 is greater than or equal to 35cm, so as to ensure that the distance between the radiation source 21 and the polarizing device 3 meets the minimum distance in practical application.
According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the radiation source 21 is disposed in the radiation generating device 2, the shielding box 24, the stage 25 and the collimator 22 are disposed on one side of the radiation generating device 2, wherein the shielding box 24 is disposed on the stage 25, the collimator 22 is disposed on the shielding box 24, and the CZT detecting device 1 is disposed in the shielding box 24.
Preferably, the radioactive source 21 can be Am-241, Co-57, Cs-137, etc., and the activity of the radioactive source 21 can be 200mCi, with a polarized light output intensity of 10/s/cm 2 or higher.
Preferably, the radiation generating device 2 can be provided with a radioactive source shield Pb having a thickness of at least 12 cm. More preferably, the radiation generating device 2 may be provided with a collimation hole therein, the collimation hole may have a diameter of 1cm and an opening angle of 4.8 °. More preferably, a thin steel pipe with the thickness of 0.1cm can be embedded in the collimation hole, so that the phenomenon that the size of the collimation hole is changed due to the deformation of Pb under the external force can be effectively prevented. The invention ensures that the radioactive source 21 has higher output intensity under the condition of improving the collimation degree of the radioactive source 21 by arranging the collimation hole. More preferably, the collimator 22 may be a hollow tube, and may be 2cm × 15cm, 4cm × 15cm, or the like.
Preferably, the polarizing device 22 may be a scattering body, including a low-Z scattering material and a high-Z scattering material. More preferably, the user can choose the type of scatterer according to the type of radiation source 2, for example: high-Z materials such as NaI, etc., suitable for high-energy photons; the NaI crystal has the advantage of energy resolution compared with PS, can accurately provide recoil electron energy information, and is suitable for conforming treatment; by conforming, complex multicomponent radioactive sources such as Ba-133 can also be used to produce polarized light sources using high-Z, high-resolution materials; and the probability of scattering low-energy photons is extremely low. While low-Z materials, such as PS, are suitable for low energy photons, although they have a higher probability of scattering low energy photons, but have a smaller difference in probability of scattering photons of different energies.
According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the CZT detection apparatus 1 is configured to: measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source and generating a polarization degree P, repeatedly measuring the polarization degree P by changing the incident angle of the radioactive source 21, generating an actual measurement image Z of the polarization degree P changing along with the incident angle of the radioactive source 21 based on the data processing unit 4, and generating a theoretical image Z of the polarization degree change of the radioactive source 21 under different incident angles0And the actual measurement image Z generates a calibration formula Z1。
Preferably, the theoretical image Z0The image expression of (a) may be F (x), the image expression of the measured image Z may be F (x), and the calibration formula Z1I.e. g (x) ═ F (x) F-1(x) The image expressions of f (x) are different due to different detection efficiencies of different types of space radiation detectors and other factors; and different factors of the type of the radiation source 2, the image expressions of F (x) are different, so the inventor only provides qualitative analysis of the calibration formula, and does not define the specific formula expression thereof.
According to a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the data processing unit 4 is configured to: the method comprises the steps that gamma rays are generated based on a radioactive source 21 and are collimated through a collimator 22, a polarized light source is generated based on the collimated gamma rays after the collimated gamma rays pass through a polarizing device 3, energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source are measured based on a CZT detection device 1, and a data processing unit 4 is based on C (phi) and Acos (2) (phi-phi)0+ pi/2) ] B is fitted to the energy distribution curve and a value of A, B at that angle of incidence is generated, the value of μ at that angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light are measured based on μ -a/B100Generating a degree of polarization P, wherein the degree of polarization P is defined as μ/μ100。
Preferably, the scattering angle distribution of the scattered photons satisfies the Klein-Nishia differential scattering cross section, i.e. satisfies, based on the compton scattering principle.
Invention of the inventionOne derives the modulation curve by deriving this formula and the statistical distribution of the scattering azimuth angle phi, and uses its property of satisfying the cosine distribution to obtain the formula C phi, Acos [ 2 phi-phi ]0+ pi/2 + B, wherein,
phi is defined as the scattering azimuth angle, theta is defined as the scattering angle, phi0Defined as the initial scattering azimuth, B can be regarded as a constant term of the modulation curve for different scattering azimuths, a can be regarded as the coefficient of its modulation curve, and the ratio of a to B is the modulation factor mu.
Preferably, the invention aims at the problem that the polarization degree P acquired by the CZT detection device 1 has errors of different degrees under different incidence angles of the radioactive source 21, the image Z based on the actually measured polarization degree P under different incidence angles of the radioactive source 21 and the theoretical polarization degree image Z are matched with the CZT detection device 1 through the ray generation device 2, and0and comparing to generate a compensation method for the polarization degree P under different incidence angles of the radioactive source, and further providing calibration for the polarization degree measurement of the CZT detection device 1. The calibration method is matched with the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12, so that the detection efficiency of the CZT detection device 1 is greatly improved, and the measured value is infinitely close to the theoretical value.
Preferably, the invention aims at the problem of detection error of the CZT detection device 1, and the measurement result of the CZT detection device 1 is calibrated by using the standard radioactive source 21 with known parameters. Therefore, the CZT detection device 1 can accurately measure and calibrate the polarization degree of an unknown radioactive source, for example: the gamma ray polarization present in the universe is measured. The core idea of the calibration method provided by the invention is similar to that of the following steps: weight to balance relationship. The CZT detection device 1 with measurement error is similar to a corroded weight, the calibration formula is similar to a balance, the radiation source 21 with known parameters is similar to a standard weight, and the radiation source to be measured is similar to an object to be measured. The calibration method comprises the steps of adjusting the balance through the standard weight and the corroded weight, namely generating a calibration formula, and accurately calibrating an object to be measured through the adjusted balance and the corroded weight, namely accurately measuring other radioactive sources to be measured with unknown parameters by using the calibrated CZT detection device 1.
Preferably, the CZT detection apparatus 1 is further configured to: the method comprises the steps of generating gamma rays based on a ray generating device 2, generating collimated gamma rays through a collimator 22, generating a polarized light source after passing through a polarizing device 3, detecting the polarized light source based on an electronic detector 31, generating recoil electronic signals, generating signals for controlling the CZT detecting device 1 to work based on the recoil electronic signals, and measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light source based on the CZT detecting device 1.
Preferably, the electronic detector 31 is electrically connected to the CZT detection apparatus 1 via a coincidence circuit 32, and the CZT detection apparatus 1 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 4 via the coincidence circuit 32.
Preferably, the data processing unit 4 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or as software or computer code storable in a recording medium such as a CD, ROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk, or magneto-optical disk, or as computer code originally stored in a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine-readable medium and to be stored in a local recording medium downloaded through a network, so that the method described herein may be stored in such software processing on a recording medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware such as an ASIC or FPGA. It will be appreciated that the computer, processor, microprocessor controller or programmable hardware includes memory components such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc. that can store or receive software or computer code that, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor or hardware, implements the processing methods described herein. Further, when a general-purpose computer accesses code for implementing the processes shown herein, execution of the code transforms the general-purpose computer into a special-purpose computer for performing the processes shown herein.
It should be noted that, according to the implementation requirement, each step described in the present application can be divided into more steps, and two or more steps or partial operations of the steps can be combined into a new step to achieve the purpose of the present invention. Meanwhile, each functional module described in the present application may be split into more functional modules, or two or more functional modules or partial functions of the functional modules may be combined into a new functional module, so as to achieve the purpose of the present invention.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a polarization degree measuring method based on a CZT detector, and under the condition that conflict or contradiction is not caused, the whole and/or part of the content of the preferred implementation mode of other embodiments can be used as the embodiment.
According to a preferred embodiment, the method for measuring the degree of polarization comprises at least the following steps:
s1: after adjusting the equal height and the same axis of corresponding components in the whole set of optical path system, the gamma ray is generated based on the radioactive source 21 and the collimated gamma ray is generated by the collimator 22, and the polarized light source is generated based on the collimated gamma ray after the collimated gamma ray passes through the polarizing device 3,
preferably, the radioactive source 21 can be Am-241, Co-57, Cs-137, etc., the activity of the radioactive source 2 can be 200mCi, and the polarized light output intensity is more than or equal to 10/s/cm ^ 2;
s2: detecting the polarized light source based on the electronic detector 31, generating a recoil electronic signal, and generating a signal for controlling the CZT detection device 1 to work based on the recoil electronic signal;
s3: measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of a polarized light source based on the CZT detection device 1;
s4: based on the formula: c phi ═ Acos [ 2 phi-phi ]0+ pi/2 + B the energy distribution curve was fitted and a value of A, B at this angle of incidence was generated and the value of μ at this angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light were measured based on μ -a/B100Generating a degree of polarization P, defined as μ/μ100，
Preferably, the scattering angle distribution of the scattered photons satisfies the Klein-Nishia differential scattering cross-section, i.e., satisfies
The inventor deduces a modulation curve by deducing the formula and the statistical distribution of scattering azimuth angles phi, and obtains a formula C phi ═ Acos [ 2 phi-phi ] by utilizing the property of the modulation curve meeting the cosine distribution0+ pi/2 + B, wherein,
phi is defined asThe scattering azimuth angle, θ, is defined as the scattering angle, φ0Defined as an initial scattering azimuth angle, B can be regarded as a constant term of a modulation curve with different scattering azimuth angles phi, A can be regarded as a coefficient of the modulation curve, and the ratio of A to B is a modulation factor mu;
s5: repeatedly measuring the polarization degree P by changing the incident angle of the radioactive source 21, and generating a real measurement image Z of the polarization degree P changing along with the incident angle of the radioactive source 21 based on the data processing unit 4;
s6: theoretical image Z based on polarization degree change of radioactive source 21 under different incident angles0And the actual measurement image Z generates a calibration formula Z1，
Preferably, the theoretical image Z0The image expression of (a) may be F (x), the image expression of the measured image Z may be F (x), and the calibration formula Z1I.e. g (x) ═ F (x) F-1(x) The image expressions of f (x) are different due to different detection efficiencies of different types of space radiation detectors and other factors; and different factors of the type of the radiation source 2, the image expressions of F (x) are different, so the inventor only provides qualitative analysis of the calibration formula, and does not define the specific formula expression thereof.
Preferably, the invention aims at the problem that the polarization degree P acquired by the CZT detection device 1 has errors of different degrees under different incidence angles of the radioactive source 21, the image Z based on the actually measured polarization degree P under different incidence angles of the radioactive source 21 and the theoretical polarization degree image Z are matched with the CZT detection device 1 through the ray generation device 2, and0and comparing to generate a compensation method for the polarization degree P under different incidence angles of the radioactive source, and further providing calibration for the polarization degree measurement of the CZT detection device 1. The calibration method is matched with the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12, so that the detection efficiency of the CZT detection device 1 is greatly improved, and the measured value is infinitely close to the theoretical value.
Preferably, the invention aims at the problem of detection error of the CZT detection device 1, and the measurement result of the CZT detection device 1 is calibrated by using the standard radioactive source 21 with known parameters. Therefore, the CZT detection device 1 can accurately measure and calibrate the polarization degree of an unknown radioactive source, for example: the gamma ray polarization present in the universe is measured. The core idea of the calibration method provided by the invention is similar to that of the following steps: weight to balance relationship. The CZT detection device 1 with measurement error is similar to a corroded weight, the calibration formula is similar to a balance, the radiation source 21 with known parameters is similar to a standard weight, and the radiation source to be measured is similar to an object to be measured. The calibration method comprises the steps of adjusting the balance through the standard weight and the corroded weight, namely generating a calibration formula, and accurately calibrating an object to be measured through the adjusted balance and the corroded weight, namely accurately measuring other radioactive sources to be measured with unknown parameters by using the calibrated CZT detection device 1.
According to a preferred embodiment, the radiation source 21 is arranged in the radiation generating device 2, and the shielding box 24, the object stage 25 and the collimator 22 are arranged on one side of the radiation generating device 2, wherein the shielding box 24 is arranged on the object stage 25, the collimator 22 is arranged on the shielding box 24, and the CZT detecting device 1 is arranged in the shielding box 24.
Preferably, the radiation generating device 2 can be provided with a radioactive source shield Pb having a thickness of at least 12 cm. More preferably, the radiation generating device 2 may be provided with a collimation hole therein, the collimation hole may have a diameter of 1cm and an opening angle of 4.8 °. More preferably, a thin steel pipe with the thickness of 0.1cm can be embedded in the collimation hole, so that the phenomenon that the size of the collimation hole is changed due to the deformation of Pb under the external force can be effectively prevented. The invention ensures that the radioactive source 21 has higher output intensity under the condition of improving the collimation degree of the radioactive source 21 by arranging the collimation hole. More preferably, the collimator 22 may be a hollow tube, and may be 2cm × 15cm, 4cm × 15cm, or the like.
According to a preferred embodiment, the CZT detection apparatus 1 at least comprises an annular housing 11 and an arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12 arranged in the annular housing 11, wherein the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module 12 at least comprises an arc-shaped substrate 13 and an array CZT layer 14, and the array CZT layer 14 is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped substrate 13 through an adhesive sealing layer 15.
Preferably, in the case of transmitting polarized light to the CZT detection apparatus 1, the incident angles of the polarized light with respect to the arc-shaped spectrum detection modules 12 are the same for different scattering angles, i.e. the detection efficiency at the arc-shaped spectrum detection modules 12 corresponding to the different scattering angles of the polarized light is the same.
According to a preferred embodiment, the polarizing device 3 is arranged in the center of the annular moving table 5, and the distance between the radiation generating device 2 and the polarizing device 3 is kept constant when the radiation generating device 2 rotates on the annular moving table 5 and changes the incidence angle of the radiation source 21 relative to the polarizing device 3.
Preferably, the radius of the circular mobile station 5 is greater than or equal to 35cm, so as to ensure that the distance between the radiation source 21 and the polarizing device 3 meets the minimum distance in practical application.
Preferably, the polarizing device 3 may be a scattering body, including a low-Z scattering material and a high-Z scattering material. More preferably, the user can choose the type of scatterer according to the type of radiation source 21, for example: high-Z materials such as NaI, etc., suitable for high-energy photons; the NaI crystal has the advantage of energy resolution compared with PS, can accurately provide recoil electron energy information, and is suitable for conforming treatment; by conforming, complex multicomponent radioactive sources such as Ba-133 can also be used to produce polarized light sources using high-Z, high-resolution materials; and the probability of scattering low-energy photons is extremely low. While low-Z materials, such as PS, are suitable for low energy photons, although they have a higher probability of scattering low energy photons, but have a smaller difference in probability of scattering photons of different energies.
According to a preferred embodiment, the electronic detector 31 is electrically connected to the CZT detection apparatus 1 via a coincidence circuit 32, and the CZT detection apparatus 1 is electrically connected to the data processing unit 4 via the coincidence circuit 32.
Preferably, the data processing unit 3 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, or as software or computer code storable in a recording medium such as a CD, ROM, RAM, floppy disk, hard disk, or magneto-optical disk, or as computer code originally stored in a remote recording medium or a non-transitory machine-readable medium and to be stored in a local recording medium downloaded through a network, so that the method described herein may be stored in such software processing on a recording medium using a general-purpose computer, a dedicated processor, or programmable or dedicated hardware such as an ASIC or FPGA. It will be appreciated that the computer, processor, microprocessor controller or programmable hardware includes memory components such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, etc. that can store or receive software or computer code that, when accessed and executed by the computer, processor or hardware, implements the processing methods described herein. Further, when a general-purpose computer accesses code for implementing the processes shown herein, execution of the code transforms the general-purpose computer into a special-purpose computer for performing the processes shown herein.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are exemplary, and that those skilled in the art, having benefit of the present disclosure, may devise various arrangements that are within the scope of the present disclosure and that fall within the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present specification and figures are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A polarization degree measuring device based on a CZT detector at least comprises a CZT detecting device (1), a ray generating device (2) and a polarizing device (3), and is characterized in that,
the CZT detection device (1) at least comprises an annular shell (11) and an arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module (12) arranged in the annular shell (11), the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module (12) at least comprises an arc-shaped substrate (13) and an array CZT layer (14),
the array CZT layer (14) is fixedly arranged on the arc-shaped substrate (13) through a sealant layer (15), wherein,
when the measurement is carried out, the ray generating device (2) is arranged on an annular moving table (5), the polarizing device (3) is arranged at the center of the annular moving table (5), the ray generating device (2) can change the relative angle between the ray generating device and the polarizing device (3) under the condition of keeping the distance between the ray generating device and the polarizing device (3) unchanged by rotating the ray generating device on the annular moving table (5) relative to the polarizing device (3) so as to form polarized light with different scattering angles corresponding to the relative angle through the polarizing device (3),
under the condition that the polarized light is transmitted to the CZT detection device (1), the incident angles formed by the polarized light with different scattering angles relative to the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module (12) are the same, so that the polarization degree measurement device can perform multiple polarization degree measurements in a mode that the energy lost by a radioactive source in the air transmission process during multiple measurements is consistent without changing the distance between the radioactive source and a polarization device under the condition that the polarized light with different scattering angles has the same detection efficiency on the arc-shaped energy spectrum detection module (12).
2. The polarimetry measurement apparatus of claim 1, wherein the arrayed CZT layer (14) comprises at least one CZT crystal and a curved electrode (17) disposed on the CZT crystal, wherein,
the high-voltage electrode layer of cambered surface electrode (17) is connected with the power, the collection electrode layer of cambered surface electrode (17) is connected with signal output circuit (18), signal output circuit (18) set up in on arc base plate (13).
3. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the loop-shaped mobile station (5) comprises at least a support (51), a horizontal adjustment device (52) and a loop-shaped slide rail (53), the loop-shaped slide rail (53) is fixedly connected with the support (51), the horizontal adjustment device (52) is slidably connected with the loop-shaped slide rail (53), wherein,
the ray generating device (2) is fixedly arranged on the horizontal adjusting device (52).
4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein a radioactive source (21) is provided in the radiation generating device (2), and a shielding box (24), a stage (25) and a collimator (22) are provided on one side of the radiation generating device (2),
the shielding case (24) set up in on objective table (25), be provided with on shielding case (24) collimater (22), be provided with in shielding case (24) CZT detection device (1).
5. The polarization degree measurement apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the CZT detection apparatus (1) is configured to: measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of polarized light and generating a polarization degree (P), repeatedly measuring the polarization degree (P) by changing the incident angle of the radioactive source (21), generating a real measurement image (Z) of the polarization degree (P) changing along with the incident angle of the radioactive source (21) based on a data processing unit (4), and generating a theoretical image (Z) of the polarization degree change of the radioactive source (21) under different incident angles based on the theoretical image (Z)0) And generating a calibration formula (Z) from the actual measurement image (Z)1)。
6. The polarization degree measurement device according to claim 5, wherein the data processing unit (4) is configured to: the gamma ray is generated based on the radioactive source (21), the collimated gamma ray is generated through the collimator (22), the polarized light is generated based on the collimated gamma ray after the collimated gamma ray passes through the polarizing device (3), the energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light are measured based on the CZT detection device (1), and the data processing unit (4) is based on C (phi) ═ Acos [ 2 (phi-phi)0+ pi/2) ] the energy distribution curve is fitted with B and a value of A, B at the angle of incidence is generated, the value of μ at the angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light are measured on the basis of μ -a/B100Generating the degree of polarization (P), wherein,
the degree of polarization (P) is defined as μ/μ100，
Where φ is the scattering azimuth angle, φ0The initial scattering azimuth angle, B is a constant term of a modulation curve with different scattering azimuth angles phi, A is a coefficient of the modulation curve, and the ratio of A to B is a modulation factor mu.
7. The polarization degree measurement apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the CZT detection apparatus (1) is further configured to: based on ray generating device (2) generate gamma ray and pass through gamma ray after collimator (22) generate the collimation to produce polarized light behind polarizing device (3), based on electron detector (31) survey polarized light and generate recoil electronic signal, based on recoil electronic signal generates the signal of control CZT detection device (1) work, based on CZT detection device (1) measures the energy distribution curve of the different scattering angles of polarized light.
8. The polarimetry measurement device of claim 7, wherein the electronic detector (31) is electrically connected to the CZT detection device (1) via a coincidence circuit (32), wherein the CZT detection device (1) is electrically connected to the data processing unit (4) via the coincidence circuit (32).
9. A method of polarization degree measurement using the CZT detector-based polarization degree measurement apparatus of claim 1,
the polarization degree measuring method is characterized by at least comprising the following steps of:
measuring energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light based on the CZT detection device (1) and generating a polarization degree (P),
repeatedly measuring the polarization degree (P) by changing the incidence angle of a radioactive source (21), and generating a real measurement image (Z) of the polarization degree (P) along with the incidence angle of the radioactive source (21) based on a data processing unit (4), wherein the incidence angle of the radioactive source (21) is changed by rotating a ray generating device (2) relative to a ring-shaped moving table (5), and the distance between the ray generating device (2) and a polarization device (3) is kept unchanged under the condition that the ray generating device (2) rotates on the ring-shaped moving table (5) and changes the angle of the ray generating device (2) relative to the polarization device (3),
theoretical images (Z) based on the variation of the degree of polarization of the radiation source (21) at different angles of incidence0) And generating a calibration formula (Z) from the actual measurement image (Z)1)。
10. The polarization degree measurement method according to claim 9, wherein generating the polarization degree (P) comprises at least the steps of:
generating gamma rays based on the radiation source (21) and generating collimated gamma rays by a collimator (22),
the polarized light is generated after the collimated gamma rays pass through a polarizing device (3), and energy distribution curves of different scattering angles of the polarized light are measured based on the CZT detection device (1),
the data processing unit (4) is based on C (phi) ═ Acos [ 2 (phi-phi)0+ pi/2) + B fits the energy distribution curve and generates a value of A, B at that angle of incidence,
the value of μ at this angle of incidence and the modulation factor μ for 100% linearly polarized light were measured based on μ ═ a/B100Generating the degree of polarization (P), wherein,
the degree of polarization (P) is defined as μ/μ100，
Where φ is the scattering azimuth angle, φ0The initial scattering azimuth angle, B is a constant term of a modulation curve with different scattering azimuth angles phi, A is a coefficient of the modulation curve, and the ratio of A to B is a modulation factor mu.
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