CN110686855B - High-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device - Google Patents
High-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110686855B CN110686855B CN201911059255.4A CN201911059255A CN110686855B CN 110686855 B CN110686855 B CN 110686855B CN 201911059255 A CN201911059255 A CN 201911059255A CN 110686855 B CN110686855 B CN 110686855B
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Abstract
A translational vibration dynamic derivative test device for a high-speed wind tunnel belongs to the technical field of special tests of an aerodynamic wind tunnel. The invention aims to solve the problems that in the high-speed wind tunnel test process, when a model has an attack angle, a larger driving force is needed to overcome the lift force, and the realization difficulty of a driving structure is larger. The test device comprises a translation supporting rod structure, two sliding rails, a volute spiral spring balancing mechanism, a test model and a wind tunnel base, wherein the two sliding rails are fixedly arranged on the wind tunnel base, the translation supporting rod structure is arranged between the two sliding rails, the volute spiral spring balancing mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the translation supporting rod structure, and the volute spiral spring balancing mechanism is connected with the translation supporting rod structure through a tension line. In the test device, the volute spiral spring balance structure is added, the volute spiral spring balance structure effectively balances the normal lifting force of the model, and the service power of the motor is reduced; meanwhile, when the model moves in a sinking-floating translational motion, the tension variation is kept, and the normal lift force of the model is continuously counteracted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a translational vibration dynamic derivative test device for a high-speed wind tunnel, and belongs to the technical field of special tests of an aerodynamic wind tunnel.
Background
When the aircraft encounters the disturbance of the up-down airflow in flight, the abrupt change of the flight angle of attack can cause the aerodynamic fluctuation acting on the aircraft, and at the moment, the aircraft can have obvious up-down translational motion due to the aerodynamic fluctuation, which is a typical example of aerodynamic change caused by the change of the airflow angle of attack. In order to research the dynamic aerodynamic performance change caused by the flight attack angle change during high-speed flight, namely the change of the dynamic stability derivative (dynamic derivative) of the translational vibration, a measuring mechanism of the translational vibration dynamic derivative of the high-speed wind tunnel is required to be established. Meanwhile, due to the limitation of high-speed wind tunnel test conditions, when the model has an attack angle, a larger driving force is needed to overcome the lift force, the realization difficulty of the driving structure is larger, and the up-down control capability cannot be established in the high-speed wind tunnel test at present.
Therefore, an up-down control mechanism with small volume and simple structure needs to be researched, the simulation of the up-down translational motion is realized in the high-speed wind tunnel, the dynamic aerodynamic force of the up-down translational motion of the aircraft during high-speed flight is finally obtained, the high-speed translational vibration dynamic derivative of the aircraft is further obtained, and the flight control and safe flight parameters of the aircraft are supplemented and perfected.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been developed in order to solve the problem that the implementation difficulty of the driving structure is high due to the fact that a large driving force is required to overcome the lift force when the model has an attack angle during the high-speed wind tunnel test. It should be understood that this summary is not an exhaustive overview of the invention. It is not intended to determine the key or critical elements of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device comprises a translational support rod structure, two slide rails, a scroll spring balance mechanism, a test model and a wind tunnel base, wherein the two slide rails are fixedly arranged on the wind tunnel base, the translational support rod structure is arranged between the two slide rails, the scroll spring balance mechanism is arranged at the lower end of the translational support rod structure and is connected with the translational support rod structure through a tension line,
translation branch structure includes branch, branch joint, slide rail cover, eccentric cam, cam groove seat, rail cover seat and motor, and the cross section of rail cover seat is "I shape", installs slide rail cover in the both sides of rail cover seat, and slide rail cover and slide rail cooperation installation, the rear end of branch pass through the branch joint and install the front end at rail cover seat, and experimental model is installed to the front end of branch, and cam groove seat is installed to the rear end of rail cover seat, cam groove seat fixed mounting is on eccentric cam, and eccentric cam installs the output at the motor.
Preferably: the spiral spring balance mechanism comprises a plane spiral spring, a driving motor, a screw and a gear, wherein the inner end of the plane spiral spring is fixed at the center of the gear, a ball bearing is installed at the center of the gear, an installation shaft is arranged in the ball bearing, the gear is meshed with the screw, the screw is installed in a matched mode with the output end of the driving motor, a tension wire is installed at the end portion of the plane spiral spring, and the other end of the tension wire is connected with a cam groove seat.
Preferably: the number of the spiral spring balance mechanisms is two, and the two spiral spring balance mechanisms are connected with the cam groove seat through tension lines.
Preferably: the gear and the flat spiral spring are coaxially arranged.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device provided by the invention is simple in structure and small in size, can effectively balance the model lift force in the test process, and has small change of the balance force; meanwhile, the spring structure can keep the tension variation not more than 10% of the static tension when the model moves in a sinking-floating translational mode, and continuously offset the normal lift force of the model;
the motor transmits an up-down driving force to the cam groove through the eccentric cam, the cam groove drives the rail sleeve seat to move up and down, the support rod joint fixedly connected with the rail sleeve seat drives the support rod to overcome the resultant force of the dynamic lifting force of the model and the dynamic pulling force of the volute spiral spring balance structure, and in order to control the amplitude and the frequency of the sinking-floating translational motion of the model, the aerodynamic force change condition of the model can be obtained when the attack angle period changes at different angles by controlling the frequency of the motor and modifying the size of the eccentric cam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of a translational vibration dynamic derivative test device for a high-speed wind tunnel;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a translating strut structure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the moving direction of the fixed slide rail and the translating bar;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the scroll spring balance structure movement;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the installation relationship of the spiral spring and the gear;
in the figure, 1-translation supporting rod structure, 2-sliding rail, 3-volute spiral spring balancing mechanism, 4-test model, 5-wind tunnel base, 6-supporting rod, 7-supporting rod joint, 8-sliding rail sleeve, 9-eccentric cam, 10-cam groove seat, 11-rail sleeve seat, 12-motor, 13-tension line, 14-plane volute spiral spring, 15-driving motor, 16-screw rod, 17-gear, 18-ball bearing, 19-mounting shaft and 20-plane volute spiral spring connecting seat.
Detailed Description
In order that the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent, the invention will be described by way of example only, and in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that such description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, in the following description, descriptions of well-known structures and techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the concepts of the present invention.
The connection mentioned in the present invention is divided into a fixed connection and a detachable connection, the fixed connection (i.e. the non-detachable connection) includes but is not limited to a folding connection, a rivet connection, an adhesive connection, a welding connection, and other conventional fixed connection methods, the detachable connection includes but is not limited to a screw connection, a snap connection, a pin connection, a hinge connection, and other conventional detachment methods, when the specific connection method is not clearly defined, the function can be realized by always finding at least one connection method from the existing connection methods by default, and a person skilled in the art can select the connection method according to needs. For example: the fixed connection selects welding connection, and the detachable connection selects hinge connection.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device of the embodiment includes a translational support rod structure 1, two slide rails 2, a volute spring balance mechanism 3, a test model 4 and a wind tunnel base 5, the number of the slide rails 2 is two, the two slide rails 2 are fixedly mounted on the wind tunnel base 5, the translational support rod structure 1 is arranged between the two slide rails 2, the volute spring balance mechanism 3 is arranged at the lower end of the translational support rod structure 1, the volute spring balance mechanism 3 is connected with the translational support rod structure 1 through a tension line 13,
the translation supporting rod structure 1 comprises a supporting rod 6, a supporting rod joint 7, a sliding rail sleeve 8, an eccentric cam 9, a cam groove seat 10, a rail sleeve seat 11 and a motor 12, wherein the cross section of the rail sleeve seat 11 is I-shaped, the two sides of the rail sleeve seat 11 are provided with a rail sleeve 8, the rail sleeve 8 is matched with the sliding rail 2, the support rod 6 is arranged at the front end of the rail sleeve seat 11 through the support rod joint 7, the rear end of the rail sleeve seat 11 is provided with a cam groove seat 10, the cam groove seat 10 is fixedly arranged on the eccentric cam 9, the eccentric cam 9 is arranged at the output end of the motor 12, the cam groove seat 10 is provided with an inner groove, the installation part of the rail sleeve seat 11 and the cam groove seat 10 is provided with a bulge, the rail sleeve seat 11 is matched and arranged with the inner groove of the cam groove seat 10 through the bulge, under the drive of the motor 12, the eccentric cam 9 realizes eccentric motion, and at the moment, the cam groove seat 10 drives the rail sleeve seat 11 to move up and down in a sinking and floating translational motion.
The matching relationship among the translation supporting rod structure 1, the sliding rail 2 and the volute spiral spring balance structure 3 is as follows: the translation supporting rod structure 1 is driven by a motor 12 per se to move in a sinking and floating translation mode along the fixed sliding rail 2, and the volute spiral spring balance structure 3 applies force in the direction opposite to the normal force in the wind tunnel test to balance the stress of the translation supporting rod structure;
the high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device drives an eccentric wheel 9 to drive a translation supporting rod structure 1 to move in a sinking and floating translation mode through a driving motor 12, and the sinking and floating translation motion frequency of the structure is controlled through adjusting the rotating speed of the motor 12; the wind tunnel model used in the test is arranged at the head of the strut and moves along with the translation strut structure to realize the change of the attack angle of the model; the slide rail 2 fixed on the wind tunnel base 5 can effectively overcome the moment in each direction borne by the translation supporting rod structure 1, and the accuracy of the motion track of the translation supporting rod structure is ensured.
The first embodiment is as follows: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the scroll spring balance mechanism 3 of the embodiment includes a flat scroll spring 14, a driving motor 15, a screw 16 and a gear 17, an inner end of the flat scroll spring 14 is fixed at a center of the gear 17, a ball bearing 18 is installed at a center position of the gear 17, an installation shaft 19 is installed in the ball bearing 18, the gear 17 is engaged with the screw 16, the screw 16 is installed in cooperation with an output end of the driving motor 15, an opening wire 13 is installed at an end of the flat scroll spring 14, and the other end of the opening wire 13 is connected with the cam slot 10.
The scroll spring balance structure part is in an action process that a driving motor 15 is connected with a screw 16 to drive a gear 17 fixedly connected to the center of a scroll spring, so that the scroll spring 14 generates plane torque, a plane scroll spring connecting seat 20 is arranged at the end part of the scroll spring 14, the plane scroll spring connecting seat 20 is connected with a balance test supporting rod through a tension line 13, the plane torque generated by the scroll spring 14 is converted into tensile force to balance the normal aerodynamic force borne by the test supporting rod, and the tensile force generates periodic change along with the vertical movement of a translation supporting rod structure in the test process;
volute spiral spring balanced structure comprises two volute spiral springs, and supreme summit position, volute spiral spring balanced structure pulling force is the biggest, and to lower summit position, volute spiral spring balanced structure pulling force is minimum, and the variation does not exceed static tensile 10%.
With reference to the second embodiment and the accompanying drawings 1-5 of the specification, a working process and principle of a high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device are disclosed:
a high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device is based on the principle that the problem that static normal force is large and balance is difficult to achieve in the up-down translational vibration process of a model is solved. When a balance structure is designed to counteract the static normal force, the main driving motor only bears the inertia force, the friction force and the dynamic aerodynamic force of the vertical translational vibration of the model, and the power required by the main driving motor at the balance position is the minimum.
A static normal force of a balance position (namely the position of an upper top point and a lower top point in the movement process of a model) is firstly acquired when a high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device controls the up-down translational movement. The static normal force of the model under a specified attack angle is estimated before the test, the motor of the translation supporting rod structure is locked after the model moves to the middle position, the motor of the volute spiral spring structure is controlled to operate and apply equal balance force (pulling force), then the motor is kept locked, and the wind tunnel operates and uses a balance to measure to obtain the actual static normal force. Then according to the actual static normal force, the balance structure of the volute spiral spring is automatically adjusted for the second time to apply equal balance force (pulling force). And then, controlling a translation supporting rod structure motor to drive the supporting rod to move up and down in a translation manner, and keeping the scroll spring motor static in the process, namely measuring the dynamic aerodynamic force of the model under the action of the balance force. In general, when the model moves to the middle position to descend, the attack angle is the largest, and the normal force is also the largest; when moving to the middle position and going upward, the attack angle is minimum, and the normal force is also minimum. The model is at the upper and lower vertex positions, the attack angle is close to balance, and the normal force is centered. After the model starts from the middle position and accelerates to uniform-speed periodic translational motion, the model positions are as follows: l is sin (2 pi ft), wherein L is amplitude, f is frequency, the frequency is a value after the motor of the translation supporting rod mechanism is decelerated, and t is time. The normal velocity is 2 π fL cos (2 π ft).
In the moving process of the model, the outer end of the volute spiral spring structure moves up and down due to the up-and-down translation movement of the model, so that the variation of the tension caused by the volute spiral spring structure is not more than 10% of the static tension. In order to meet the requirement of the ratio of the variable quantity, the volute spiral spring structure adopts a double-spring structure, and the number of turns, the section size, the pitch and the like of the spring are specially designed. The deformation coefficient of the volute spiral spring is small, so that the volute spiral spring reaches a state of large tension and large deformation in an actual test, and the angular deformation of the volute spiral spring is ensured to be less than 10% of the deformation of the volute spiral spring when static tension is applied.
The third concrete implementation mode: the embodiment is described with reference to fig. 1 to fig. 5, and the number of the scroll spring balance mechanisms 3 of the high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device of the embodiment is two, and both the two scroll spring balance mechanisms 3 are connected with the cam groove seat 10 through an opening line 13.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 1 to 5, and the gear 17 and the spiral spring 14 are coaxially arranged in the high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative testing device of the embodiment.
A test mechanism of the high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device comprises a translational support rod structure 1, a slide rail 2 and a volute spiral spring balance structure 3, and the translational support rod structure, the slide rail and the volute spiral spring balance structure are respectively arranged on a wind tunnel base 5.
The translation supporting rod structure 1 is composed of a supporting rod 6, a supporting rod joint 7, a sliding rail sleeve 8, an eccentric cam 9, a cam groove seat 10, a rail sleeve seat 11 and a motor 12. The model and the measuring balance 4 are arranged in front of the supporting rod 6 during the test. The slide rail sleeve 8 is arranged on the rail sleeve seat 11, and the front end and the rear end of the rail sleeve seat 11 are respectively provided with the support rod joint 7 and the cam groove 10. The supporting rod joint 7 plays a role of fixedly connecting the supporting rod 6, the cam groove 10 is matched with the eccentric cam 9 to slide mutually, and the eccentric cam 9 is connected with the motor 12 to rotate. The force transmission process of the whole translation supporting rod structure 1 is as follows: the motor 12 transmits an upper driving force and a lower driving force to the cam groove 10 through the eccentric cam 9, the cam groove 10 drives the rail sleeve seat 11 to move up and down, and the support rod joint 7 fixedly connected with the rail sleeve seat 11 drives the support rod 6 to overcome the dynamic lifting force of the model 4 and the dynamic pulling force of the volute spiral spring balance structure 3. When the frequency of the motor 12 is changed, the up-and-down translation frequency of the model 4 is also changed, so that the aerodynamic force change condition of the model 4 when different attack angle periods change can be obtained.
The slide rail 2 is composed of two slide rails 2 and is fixed on the wind tunnel base 5. When the translation supporting rod structure 1 moves up and down, the sliding rail 2 and the wind tunnel base 5 are kept still. The slide rail 2 overcomes the moments and forces exerted by the translating strut structure 1.
The volute spiral spring balance structure 3 is composed of a tension line 13, a plane volute spiral spring 14, a driving motor 15, a screw 16 and a gear 17. The spiral spring 14 is a non-contact type with fixed outer end and fixed inner end to the center of the gear 17. The central axis of gear 17 is the same as the central axis of spiral spring 14. The two are arranged on an installation shaft with a ball bearing and fixed on a bottom plate of the wind tunnel. The force transmission process of the whole volute spiral spring balance mechanism 3 is as follows: the motor screw 16 rotates the driving gear 17 to rotate, the gear 17 rotates to tighten the volute spiral spring 14 to generate torque, the torque is overcome by the tension of the tension wire 13 at the outer end of the spring, and the other end of the tension wire 13 is fixedly connected to the cam groove 10 of the translation supporting rod structure 1 and is stressed and offset with the translation supporting rod structure 1. When the translation supporting rod structure 1 translates up and down, the motor 15 of the volute spiral spring balance structure 3 is automatically locked, the outer end of the volute spiral spring 17 translates up and down along with the motor, and the volute spiral spring 17 automatically adjusts the tightening state. The performance requirement of the volute spiral spring 17 is high, and when the tension line 13 provides about 2000N of tension, the parameters of the spring after detailed design are as follows: deformation angle 10rad, moment of torsion 300Nm, reed section thickness 4mm, reed section width 50mm, internal diameter 45mm, maximum external diameter 300mm, the number of turns is 5 circles, the pitch is about 60 mm.
The translational strut structure 1 has a maximum movement frequency of 5Hz and a maximum amplitude of 50 mm. At mach number 0.8, when the motion frequency and amplitude of the translational strut structure 1 are maximum, the change condition of the attack angle of the model 4 with 0-degree pitch angle is maximum 0.35 degrees.
It should be noted that, in the above embodiments, as long as the technical solutions can be aligned and combined without contradiction, those skilled in the art can exhaust all possibilities according to the mathematical knowledge of the alignment and combination, and therefore, the present invention does not describe the technical solutions after alignment and combination one by one, but it should be understood that the technical solutions after alignment and combination have been disclosed by the present invention.
This embodiment is only illustrative of the patent and does not limit the scope of protection thereof, and those skilled in the art can make modifications to its part without departing from the spirit of the patent.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a high-speed wind-tunnel translation vibration dynamic derivative test device which characterized in that: comprises a translation supporting rod structure (1), two sliding rails (2), a volute spiral spring balancing mechanism (3), a test model (4) and a wind tunnel base (5), wherein the two sliding rails (2) are fixedly arranged on the wind tunnel base (5), the translation supporting rod structure (1) is arranged between the two sliding rails (2), the volute spiral spring balancing mechanism (3) is arranged at the lower end of the translation supporting rod structure (1), the volute spiral spring balancing mechanism (3) is connected with the translation supporting rod structure (1) through a tension line (13),
translation branch structure (1) includes branch (6), branch joint (7), slide rail cover (8), eccentric cam (9), cam groove seat (10), rail cover seat (11) and motor (12), and the cross section of rail cover seat (11) is "I shape", installs slide rail cover (8) in the both sides of rail cover seat (11), and slide rail cover (8) and slide rail (2) cooperation installation, the rear end of branch (6) is passed through branch joint (7) and is installed the front end at rail cover seat (11), and experimental model (4) are installed to the front end of branch (6), and cam groove seat (10) are installed to the rear end of rail cover seat (11), cam groove seat (10) fixed mounting is on eccentric cam (9), and the output at motor (12) is installed in eccentric cam (9).
2. The high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: volute spiral spring balance mechanism (3) are including flat volute spiral spring (14), driving motor (15), screw rod (16) and gear (17), the inner of flat volute spiral spring (14) is fixed in the center department of gear (17), and ball bearing (18) are installed to the central point of gear (17), are equipped with in ball bearing (18) and install axle (19), gear (17) with screw rod (16) meshing, screw rod (16) and driving motor (15) output cooperation installation, the tip system of flat volute spiral spring (14) is equipped with and stretches out line (13), the other end and cam groove seat (10) of stretching out line (13) establish to be connected.
3. The high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the number of the scroll spring balance mechanisms (3) is two, and the two scroll spring balance mechanisms (3) are connected with the cam groove seat (10) through an opening line (13).
4. The high-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the gear (17) and the flat spiral spring (14) are coaxially arranged.
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| CN112067245A (en) * | 2020-09-07 | 2020-12-11 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | High-speed wind tunnel translational vibration dynamic derivative test device and test method |
| CN113029498B (en) * | 2021-03-24 | 2023-03-10 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心高速空气动力研究所 | Wind tunnel attack angle mechanism |
| CN114112281A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2022-03-01 | 上海华模科技有限公司 | Wind tunnel test device for decoupling measurement of aerodynamic dynamic derivative |
| CN114061893A (en) * | 2021-12-28 | 2022-02-18 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | Wind tunnel small-amplitude forced pitching oscillation mechanism |
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| DE4221540C2 (en) * | 1992-07-01 | 1995-03-09 | Deutsche Forsch Luft Raumfahrt | Method and device for the calibration of derivative scales |
| CN101726401B (en) * | 2009-12-09 | 2011-10-26 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | Scale measuring device for pitching dynamic derivative experiment |
| CN206648802U (en) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-11-17 | 中国航空工业集团公司沈阳空气动力研究所 | A kind of pitching dynamic derivative experimental provision of tail vibration |
| CN107966264B (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2019-09-06 | 中国航天空气动力技术研究院 | One kind being used for hypersonic wind tunnel rolling forced vibration dynamic derivative experimental rig |
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