CN110686710B - All-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device and scanning method - Google Patents
All-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device and scanning method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device which innovatively provides a quantum chromatographic scanning device which realizes all fibers by utilizing the integratable characteristic of the fibers, and realizes the demonstration of a quantum chromatographic scanning technology by utilizing an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure with unbalanced two arms. Meanwhile, the invention also discloses an all-fiber quantum tomography scanning method based on the device, and provides a brand-new method and means for the learning and application of the quantum tomography scanning technology. In addition, the invention integrates the quantum chromatography technology, is easy for system relocation and reuse, greatly reduces the application threshold of the quantum chromatography scanning technology, and paves the way for the popularization and application of the quantum chromatography scanning technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantum chromatographic scanning technology, in particular to an all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device and a scanning method.
Background
The quantum chromatography scanning technology is the most practical method for measuring quantum entanglement characteristic of a quantum system in modern quantum mechanics. Whether the quantum is in a pure state or a mixed state, whether the quantum process or the quantum system, the quantum chromatography scanning technology can accurately restore the state function or the density matrix. Moreover, the quantum chromatography scanning technology is a complete quantum detection technology, detected quantum information is complete, and the whole quantum state can be completely represented. However, due to the non-clonality of quantum states, probing results in a collapse of the quantum properties, making quantum tomography necessary to scan and measure the same quantum states multiple times in an iterative manner to achieve complete reduction of the information. Therefore, the detection method involves a large amount of statistics, integral transformation and quantum mechanics principles, and is difficult to master. Although the utility model has good practicability, the threshold of the door is high, and the wide-range popularization and application are difficult.
With the rapid development of quantum technology in recent years, including quantum computing and quantum communication technology, the application of quantum tomography technology is increasing. How to simplify the learning and application of the technology becomes a bottleneck problem of the popularization of the quantum technology. A set of quantum chromatographic scanning device and scanning method which can be simply demonstrated and quickly applied can well solve the problem, but unfortunately, no related solution is available at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device and method, provides a device and method for simply demonstrating quantum chromatographic scanning technology, and further provides a new method and a new means for rapidly popularizing and applying quantum technology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an all-fiber quantum chromatography scanning device, comprising a coherent light source; an isolator; two phase modulators; two fiber optic splitters; an adjustable attenuator; two photodetectors; a subtractor; two signal generators; a mixer; a low-pass filter and a data acquisition module.
An optical field emitted by the coherent light source enters the optical fiber beam splitter after passing through the isolator to form a classical all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer. One of the signal arms of the interferometer is used as a local oscillator optical field, and a phase modulator is arranged and driven by a first signal generator. The other signal arm is used as a signal light field to simulate the light quantum state, and a phase modulator and an adjustable attenuator are arranged and driven by the other second signal generator. Two output ports of the interferometer are respectively connected into two detectors for detection, and signals output by the detectors enter a mixer after passing through a subtracter and are mixed with output signals of a second signal generator. The output signal of the frequency mixer enters a low-pass filter for filtering and then enters a data acquisition module for data acquisition. Meanwhile, the data acquisition module records the normalization parameters of the output signal determination device of the first signal generator in real time. The low-pass filter in the device has a frequency band of 0-50kHz, and the suppression ratio at the position of 3dB is 6dB or more.
Based on the all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device, the invention also provides an all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning method, which comprises the following steps:
step one, building the system, and controlling the output power of a coherent light source to be about 0.1-5 mW;
setting the scanning signal of the first signal generator as a triangular wave, and adjusting the output amplitude of the signal generator to enable the phase modulated by the driving phase modulator to exceed 2 pi;
setting the modulation signal of the second signal generator to be a sinusoidal signal of 0.1-10MHz, so that the phase modulator is driven to modulate the optical field state with specific frequency;
setting an adjustable attenuator to ensure that the signal light power is lower than the local oscillator light power by more than one order of magnitude (namely ensuring that the signal light power is lower than 1/10 of the local oscillator light power);
step five, the data acquisition module acquires the signal output by the low-pass filter and the scanning signal of the first signal generator;
step six, determining the phase information of the current local oscillator light by using the obtained scanning signal of the first signal generator, and using the phase information as the phase information { theta ] of the collected output signal of the low-pass filteri};
And seventhly, before an accurate system state function is restored, normalizing the acquired output signal of the low-pass filter. First, the interferometer signal arm is disconnected, data is collected and processed according to the method, and the obtained signal { X }iAs a normalization reference. The calculation method of the normalization constant A comprises the following steps:
wherein, σ (X)i) Is a signal { XiMean square error value of };
step eight, after the system normalization parameter A is determined, the signal arm is connected into the interferometer, and data { Y ] are collectedi}. Collected low pass filter output signal { YiMultiplying the normalization parameter A to obtain normalized data xi=A*YiCombining the phase information { theta ] given in the step fiveiEach phase θiCorresponding to a normalized xi=A*YiObtaining a statistical distribution function w (x, theta) used for quantum chromatographic scanning reduction after statistics;
step nine, the system state function W (alpha) can be realized by using the obtained statistical distribution function W (x, theta) and the following inverse Radon transformationr,αi) Reduction of (2):
wherein alpha isr,αiRespectively a real coordinate axis and an imaginary coordinate axis on the complex plane, eta is an integral variable with an interval (- ∞, + ∞), and x is signal data { x [ + ]iIntegral variable theta is phase data thetaiIs corresponding toThe variables are integrated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the quantum chromatography scanning device and the scanning method of the all-fiber system for the first time, and fills the blank of the field.
(2) The invention realizes the demonstration of the quantum chromatographic scanning device and the method, and provides a brand new method and means for the learning and application of the quantum chromatographic scanning technology.
(3) The invention utilizes the characteristic that the optical fiber system is easy to integrate, integrates the quantum chromatographic technique, is easy to move and reuse the system, greatly reduces the application threshold of the quantum chromatographic scanning technique, and paves the way for the popularization and application of the quantum chromatographic scanning technique.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-fiber quantum tomography apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
In fig. 1, 1-coherent light source, 2-isolator, 3-first fiber beam splitter, 4-first phase modulator, 5-second phase modulator, 6-adjustable attenuator, 7-fiber beam splitter, 8-first detector, 9-second detector, 10-subtracter, 11-second signal generator, 12-mixer, 13-low pass filter, 14-first signal generator, 15-data acquisition module.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for scanning an all-fiber quantum tomography system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a system state function finally reduced by the quantum tomography technology in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.
The invention provides an all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device which comprises a coherent light source 1, an isolator 2, a first fiber beam splitter 3, a first phase modulator 4, a second phase modulator 5, an adjustable attenuator 6, a second fiber beam splitter 7, a first detector 8, a second detector 9, a subtracter 10, a second signal generator 11, a mixer 12, a low-pass filter 13, a first signal generator 14 and a data acquisition module 15.
An optical field emitted by the coherent light source 1 enters the first optical fiber beam splitter 3 after passing through the isolator 2, and a classical all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is formed. One of the signal arms of the interferometer is used as a local oscillator optical field, in which a first phase modulator 4 is placed, driven by a first signal generator 14. The other signal arm is used as a signal light field to simulate the light quantum state, a second phase modulator 5 and an adjustable attenuator 6 are arranged, and the second signal generator drives the second signal generator 11. Two output ports of the interferometer are respectively connected to the first detector 8 and the second detector 9 for detection, and signals output by the first detector 8 and the second detector 9 enter the mixer 12 after passing through the subtracter 10, and are mixed with an output signal of the second signal generator 11. The output signal of the mixer 12 enters a low-pass filter 13 for filtering and then enters a data acquisition module 15 for data acquisition. Meanwhile, the data acquisition module 15 records the output signal of the first signal generator 14 in real time. The low-pass filter 13 in the device has a frequency band of 0-50kHz, and the suppression ratio at the position of 3dB is 12 dB.
The method for realizing all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning by adopting the all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device further comprises the following steps:
step one, building the system, and controlling the output power of a coherent light source 1 to be about 4 mW;
setting the scanning signal of the first signal generator 14 as a triangular wave, and adjusting the output amplitude of the first signal generator 14 to be 10V, so that the phase modulated by the driving phase modulator 4 exceeds 2 pi;
setting the modulation signal of the second signal generator 11 as a 1MHz sinusoidal signal, so as to drive the phase modulator 5 to modulate the optical field state with specific frequency;
setting an adjustable attenuator 6, wherein the attenuation multiple is 100dB, and ensuring that the signal light power is two orders of magnitude lower than the local oscillator light power;
step five, the data acquisition module 15 acquires the signal output by the low-pass filter 13 and the scanning signal of the first signal generator 14;
step six, determining the phase information of the current local oscillator light by using the obtained scanning signal of the first signal generator 14, and using the phase information as the phase information { theta ] of the collected output signal of the low-pass filter 13i};
Step seven, before an accurate system state function is restored, normalization operation needs to be carried out on the acquired output signal of the low-pass filter 13: first, the interferometer signal arm is disconnected, data is collected and processed according to the method, and the obtained signal { X }iAs a normalization reference; the calculation method of the normalization constant A comprises the following steps:
wherein, σ (X)i) Is a signal { XiMean square error value of.
Step eight, after the system normalization parameter A is determined, the signal arm is connected into the interferometer, and data { Y ] are collectedi}. Collected output signal { Y of low-pass filter 13iMultiplying the normalization parameter A to obtain normalized data xi=A*YiCombining the phase information { theta ] given in the step fiveiEach phase θiCorresponding to a normalized xi=A*YiObtaining a statistical distribution function w (x, theta) used for quantum chromatographic scanning reduction after statistics;
step nine, using the obtained statistical distribution function w (x, theta) andthe system state function W (alpha) can be realized by the lower inverse Radon transformationr,αi) Reduction of (2):
wherein alpha isr,αiRespectively a real coordinate axis and an imaginary coordinate axis on the complex plane, eta is an integral variable with an interval (- ∞, + ∞), and x is signal data { x [ + ]iIntegral variable theta is phase data thetaiThe corresponding integral variable.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention. The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (4)
1. An all-fiber quantum tomographic scanning method, wherein the scanning method employs an all-fiber quantum tomographic scanning apparatus, and the all-fiber quantum tomographic scanning apparatus comprises: the device comprises a coherent light source (1), an isolator (2), a first optical fiber beam splitter (3), a first phase modulator (4), a second phase modulator (5), an adjustable attenuator (6), a second optical fiber beam splitter (7), a first detector (8), a second detector (9), a subtracter (10), a second signal generator (11), a mixer (12), a low-pass filter (13), a first signal generator (14) and a data acquisition module (15);
the light field emitted by the coherent light source (1) passes through the isolator (2) and then enters an all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of the first fiber beam splitter (3) and the second fiber beam splitter (7);
a signal arm of the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used as a local oscillation optical field, the first phase modulator (4) is placed, and the first phase modulator (4) is driven by the first signal generator (14);
the other signal arm of the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is used as a signal optical field to simulate an optical quantum state, the second phase modulator (5) and the adjustable attenuator (6) are placed, and the second phase modulator (5) is driven by the second signal generator (11);
two output ports of the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer are respectively connected into the first detector (8) and the second detector (9) for detection, and signals output by the first detector (8) and the second detector (9) enter the mixer (12) after passing through the subtracter (10) and are mixed with output signals of the second signal generator (11); the output signal of the mixer (12) enters the low-pass filter (13) for filtering and then enters the data acquisition module (15) for data acquisition; meanwhile, the data acquisition module (15) records the output signal of the first signal generator (14) in real time;
the scanning method comprises the following steps:
controlling the output power of a coherent light source (1) to be 0.1-5 mW;
setting the scanning signal of the first signal generator (14) as a triangular wave, and adjusting the output amplitude of the first signal generator (14) to enable the phase for driving the first phase modulator (4) to modulate to exceed 2 pi;
setting the modulation signal of the second signal generator (11) to be a sinusoidal signal of 0.1-10MHz, so that the second phase modulator (5) is driven to modulate the optical field state with specific frequency;
setting an adjustable attenuator (6) to ensure that the signal light power is below 1/10 of the local oscillator light power;
step five, a data acquisition module (15) acquires a signal output by a low-pass filter (13) and a scanning signal of the first signal generator (14);
sixthly, determining the phase information of the current local oscillator light by using the obtained scanning signal of the first signal generator (14), and using the phase information as the collected phase information of the output signal of the low-pass filter (13) i};
Step seven, initializing an all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning device: disconnecting the signal arm of the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and collecting and processing signals { X ] according to the fifth step and the sixth stepiDetermining normalization parameter A of the all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning devicei;
Step eight, after the normalization parameter A of the device is determined, the signal arm is connected into the all-fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and output signals { Y ] are collectediGet normalized signal data { x }i}={ A*YiGet the statistical distribution function for quantum chromatography scanning reduction;
Step nine, utilizing the obtained statistical distribution functionAnd the system state function can be realized by the following inverse Radon transformationReduction of (2):
2. The all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning method according to claim 1, wherein in step seven, before the exact system state function is restored, the collected output signal of the low-pass filter (13) needs to be normalized, the interferometer signal arm is first disconnected, and data is collected and processed according to the above method to obtain the signal { X } that is obtainediAs a normalization reference; the calculation method of the normalization constant A at this time is as follows:
3. The all-fiber quantum tomography method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the output signal { Y ] of the low-pass filter (13) collected in step eightiMultiplying the normalization parameter A to obtain normalized signal data xi= A*YiCombining the phase information given in step six iEach phase iCorresponding to a normalized xi= A*YiAfter statistics, the statistical distribution function used for quantum chromatographic scanning reduction can be obtained。
4. The all-fiber quantum chromatographic scanning method according to claim 1, wherein the low-pass filter (13) has a frequency band of 0-50kHz and a suppression ratio at 3dB of 6dB or more.
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