CN110685819A - Injector and injection method - Google Patents
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- CN110685819A CN110685819A CN201911144866.9A CN201911144866A CN110685819A CN 110685819 A CN110685819 A CN 110685819A CN 201911144866 A CN201911144866 A CN 201911144866A CN 110685819 A CN110685819 A CN 110685819A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K9/00—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof
- F02K9/42—Rocket-engine plants, i.e. plants carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; Control thereof using liquid or gaseous propellants
- F02K9/44—Feeding propellants
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种喷注器和喷注方法,喷注器包括至少一组喷注装置,该喷注装置包括流路进口、流道和喷嘴;流道的第一端口与所述流路进口连接,所述流道的第二端口与所述喷嘴连接;沿着所述流道的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,所述流道的横截面面积逐渐减小;通过逐渐收缩的流道,提高物料的剪切速率,增大剪切面积,使物料逐渐稀化,从而减小了物料的流阻,缩短了物料接收装置的响应时间。
The present invention provides an injector and an injecting method. The injector includes at least one group of injecting devices, and the injecting device includes a flow channel inlet, a flow channel and a nozzle; the first port of the flow channel is connected to the flow channel. The inlet is connected, and the second port of the flow channel is connected with the nozzle; along the extending direction from the first port to the second port of the flow channel, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel gradually decreases; by gradually shrinking It increases the shear rate of the material, increases the shear area, and gradually thins the material, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the material and shortening the response time of the material receiving device.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及航天器推进系统技术领域,尤其是涉及一种喷注器和喷注方法。The invention relates to the technical field of spacecraft propulsion systems, in particular to an injector and an injection method.
背景技术Background technique
目前,工程采用凝胶推进剂多为非牛顿流体,只有在一定压力下,才呈现出流动特性,相比传统液体推进剂,凝胶推进剂的粘度增加,流阻显著增大;传统挤压式火箭发动机的喷注器通常采用层板设计,凝胶推进剂通过集液腔和分配流道进入燃烧室,采用该方式容易导致凝胶推进剂滞留和复凝,形成高粘度低流速区,从而进一步增大了凝胶推进剂的流阻,延长了发动机的响应时间。At present, most of the gel propellants used in the project are non-Newtonian fluids, which only show flow characteristics under a certain pressure. Compared with traditional liquid propellants, the viscosity of gel propellants increases and the flow resistance increases significantly; traditional extrusion The injector of the type rocket engine usually adopts a laminate design, and the gel propellant enters the combustion chamber through the liquid collection cavity and the distribution channel. This method is easy to cause the gel propellant to stay and re-condensate, forming a high viscosity and low flow rate area. This further increases the flow resistance of the gel propellant and prolongs the response time of the engine.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提供一种喷注器和喷注方法,以减小物料的流阻,缩短发动机的响应时间。The purpose of the present invention is to provide an injector and an injection method to reduce the flow resistance of the material and shorten the response time of the engine.
本发明提供的一种喷注器,包括至少一组喷注装置;所述喷注装置包括流路进口、流道和喷嘴;所述流道的第一端口与所述流路进口连接,所述流道的第二端口与所述喷嘴连接;沿着所述流道的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,所述流道的横截面面积逐渐减小;所述流路进口与外部的物料供应系统连接,用于将所述物料供应系统提供的物料输送至所述流道;所述流道用于将所述物料输送至所述喷嘴,在所述物料的输送过程中,通过所述流道的逐渐减小的横截面面积对所述物料进行剪切稀化;所述喷嘴用于将所述物料输送至外部的物料接收装置。An injector provided by the present invention includes at least one group of injection devices; the injection device includes a flow channel inlet, a flow channel and a nozzle; the first port of the flow channel is connected to the flow channel inlet, so the The second port of the flow channel is connected with the nozzle; along the extending direction from the first port to the second port of the flow channel, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel gradually decreases; the inlet of the flow channel is connected to the outside The material supply system is connected to the material supply system for conveying the material provided by the material supply system to the flow channel; the flow channel is used for conveying the material to the nozzle. During the conveying process of the material, the The gradually decreasing cross-sectional area of the flow channel shear thins the material; the nozzle is used to deliver the material to an external material receiving device.
进一步的,所述流道的数量为多个,所述喷嘴的数量为多个,所述喷嘴的数量与所述流道的数量相同;多个所述喷嘴中心对称分布;多个所述流道与多个所述喷嘴一一对应连接。Further, the number of the flow channels is multiple, the number of the nozzles is multiple, and the number of the nozzles is the same as the number of the flow channels; a plurality of the nozzles are symmetrically distributed in the center; a plurality of the flow The channels are connected with the plurality of nozzles in one-to-one correspondence.
进一步的,多个所述流道的第一端口之间的连接结构为锥形。Further, the connection structure between the first ports of the plurality of flow channels is tapered.
进一步的,所述流道为锥形管结构。Further, the flow channel is a conical tube structure.
进一步的,所述流路进口为截头圆锥空腔结构;所述流路进口的第一端口与所述物料供应系统连接,所述流路进口的第二端口与所述流道的第一端口连接;沿着所述流路进口的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,所述流路进口的横截面面积逐渐减小。Further, the flow path inlet is a frustoconical cavity structure; the first port of the flow path inlet is connected to the material supply system, and the second port of the flow path inlet is connected to the first port of the flow path. The ports are connected; along the extending direction from the first port to the second port of the flow path inlet, the cross-sectional area of the flow path inlet gradually decreases.
进一步的,所述流道的第一端口的延伸方向与所述流路进口的第二端口的延伸方向相同。Further, the extending direction of the first port of the flow channel is the same as the extending direction of the second port of the flow channel inlet.
进一步的,所述喷嘴包括顺次连接的等直段、收敛段和圆管段;所述喷嘴的等直段的第一端口与所述流道的第二端口连接;所述喷嘴的等直段的第二端口与所述收敛段的第一端口连接,所述收敛段的第二端口与所述圆管段的第一端口连接,沿着所述收敛段的第一端口到所述收敛段的第二端口的延伸方向,所述收敛段的横截面面积逐渐减小;所述喷嘴的圆管段的第二端口与所述物料接收装置连接。Further, the nozzle includes an equal straight section, a converging section and a circular pipe section that are connected in sequence; the first port of the equal straight section of the nozzle is connected with the second port of the flow channel; the equal straight section of the nozzle is connected The second port of the converging section is connected to the first port of the converging section, the second port of the converging section is connected to the first port of the circular pipe section, and the first port of the converging section is connected to the In the extending direction of the second port, the cross-sectional area of the converging section gradually decreases; the second port of the circular pipe section of the nozzle is connected with the material receiving device.
进一步的,所述流道的第二端口的延伸方向与所述喷嘴的等直段的延伸方向相同。Further, the extending direction of the second port of the flow channel is the same as the extending direction of the equal straight section of the nozzle.
进一步的,所述喷注器包括两组喷注装置,第一喷注装置中的流路进口与第二喷注装置中的流路进口对称分布。Further, the injector includes two groups of injection devices, and the flow path inlets in the first injection device and the flow path inlets in the second injection device are symmetrically distributed.
本发明提供的一种喷注方法,所述方法应用于上述任一项所述的喷注器;所述方法包括:所述流路进口与外部的物料供应系统连接,将所述物料供应系统提供的物料输送至所述流道;所述流道将所述物料输送至所述喷嘴,在所述物料的输送过程中,通过所述流道的逐渐减小的横截面面积对所述物料进行剪切稀化;所述喷嘴将所述物料输送至外部的物料接收装置。The present invention provides an injection method, which is applied to the injector described in any of the above; the method includes: connecting the flow path inlet with an external material supply system, and connecting the material supply system The supplied material is conveyed to the flow channel; the flow channel conveys the material to the nozzle, and during the conveying of the material, the material is exposed to the material by the gradually decreasing cross-sectional area of the flow channel. Shear thinning is performed; the nozzle conveys the material to an external material receiving device.
本发明提供的喷注器和喷注方法,包括至少一组喷注装置,该喷注装置包括流路进口、流道和喷嘴;流道的第一端口与所述流路进口连接,所述流道的第二端口与所述喷嘴连接;沿着所述流道的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,所述流道的横截面面积逐渐减小;通过逐渐收缩的流道,提高物料的剪切速率,增大剪切面积,使物料逐渐稀化,从而减小了物料的流阻,缩短了物料接收装置的响应时间。The injector and the injecting method provided by the present invention include at least one group of injecting devices, the injecting device comprising a flow channel inlet, a flow channel and a nozzle; the first port of the flow channel is connected to the flow channel inlet, and the The second port of the flow channel is connected with the nozzle; along the extending direction from the first port to the second port of the flow channel, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel gradually decreases; The shear rate of the material increases the shear area to gradually thin the material, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the material and shortening the response time of the material receiving device.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description The drawings are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative efforts.
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器的结构示意图;1 is a schematic structural diagram of an injector provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器流道的结构示意图;2 is a schematic structural diagram of an injector flow channel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器在发动机内部的装配示意图;3 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of an injector inside an engine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图4为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器内部流道剖视图的结构示意图;4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional view of an internal flow channel of an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器内部喷嘴的分布示意图;5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of nozzles inside an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器流路进口的结构示意图;6 is a schematic structural diagram of a flow path inlet of an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器喷嘴的结构示意图;7 is a schematic structural diagram of an injector nozzle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例提供的一种喷注器内部燃料和氧化剂流道剖视图的结构示意图。FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional view of a fuel and oxidant flow channel inside an injector according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图标:1-推进剂供应系统管路阀门;2-喷注器;21-流路进口;211-氧化剂流路进口;212-燃料流路进口;22-流道;221-氧化剂流道;222-燃料流道;23-喷嘴;231-氧化剂喷嘴;232-燃料喷嘴;3-发动机燃烧室。Icons: 1-propellant supply system pipeline valve; 2-injector; 21-flow path inlet; 211-oxidant flow path inlet; 212-fuel flow path inlet; 22-flow path; 221-oxidant flow path; 222 - fuel runner; 23 - nozzle; 231 - oxidant nozzle; 232 - fuel nozzle; 3 - engine combustion chamber.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
凝胶推进剂火箭发动机兼有液体火箭发动机比冲高、推力可调、多次启动和固体火箭发动机易于贮存运输,使用维护方便等优点,在导弹武器、反导武器、航天推力器等领域有着广泛的应用前景。The gel propellant rocket engine has the advantages of high specific impulse of the liquid rocket engine, adjustable thrust, multiple starts, easy storage and transportation of the solid rocket engine, convenient use and maintenance, etc. Broad application prospects.
目前,传统挤压式火箭发动机的喷注器通常采用层板设计,推进剂通过集液腔和分配流道进入燃烧室,流道内部容易出现盲腔和折角结构,导致凝胶推进剂滞留和复凝,形成高粘度低流速区,进一步增大了凝胶推进剂的流阻,延长了发动机的响应时间。At present, the injector of the traditional extrusion rocket engine usually adopts a laminate design, and the propellant enters the combustion chamber through the liquid collecting cavity and the distribution flow channel. Recondensation forms a region of high viscosity and low flow rate, which further increases the flow resistance of the gel propellant and prolongs the response time of the engine.
基于此,本发明实施例提供了一种喷注器和喷注方法,该技术可以应用于火箭发动机物料喷注中或其他推进系统的物料喷注中。Based on this, embodiments of the present invention provide an injector and an injection method, and the technology can be applied to material injection of a rocket engine or material injection of other propulsion systems.
参见图1所示的一种喷注器的结构示意图,该喷注器2包括至少一组喷注装置;该喷注装置包括流路进口21、流道22和喷嘴23。Referring to the schematic structural diagram of an injector shown in FIG. 1 , the
在实际实现时,喷注器2中所设置的喷注装置的数量可以为一组,也可以为多组,具体可以根据需求进行设定,比如,如果需要喷注的物料为两种或两种以上,并且在喷注器2中不能混合时,可以为每种物料分别设置一组喷注装置。In actual implementation, the number of injection devices set in the
上述流道22的第一端口与流路进口21连接,该流道22的第二端口与喷嘴23连接;沿着该流道22的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,该流道22的横截面面积逐渐减小。The first port of the
上述流道22从与流路进口21连接的端口位置开始,到与相应喷嘴23连接的端口位置为止,整个流道22为逐渐均匀收缩的结构;在实际实现时,流道22可以根据流路进口21以及喷嘴23的位置,设计为流道弯曲的形式,如图1所示,需要说明的是,在设计弯曲角度时,通常需要保证流道22内部方向平滑缓慢改变,以避免由于流道22管路折角导致的物料流动损失。在实际实现时,流道22的第一端口的内径可以根据与之连接的流路进口21的端口内径确定,比如,如果一个流路进口只对应一个流道22时,可以将该流道22的第一端口内径,即流道22的入口内径设计为与之连接的流路进口的端口内径相同的数值;在实际实现时,流道22的第二端口内径,即流道22的出口内径、流道22长度和收缩半角等参数可以通过冷流试验,或者流动数值仿真计算迭代优化得到;下面对两种方式进行简单说明。The above-mentioned
方式一,冷流试验,通常是用户预先预测待计算参数的初始设计值,根据该初始设计值,加工试验件,并装载到配套工装中,通过试验,测试出在该初始设计值下的流阻数据和充填时间数据等,可以通过预测多组待计算参数的初始设计值,得到多组对应的流阻数据和充填时间数据等。
方式二,流动数值仿真计算,通常是用户可以通过流体仿真软件,如ANSYS Fluent仿真软件,或者编程的方式,通过输入预先提供的待计算参数的初始设计值,基于物料的相关物理特性参数,可以计算出在该初始设计值下的一组流阻数据和充填时间数据等,通过多次调整所输入的待计算参数的值,如,调整流道22的第二端口内径,即流道22的出口内径或调整流道22长度等,可以得到多组流阻数据和充填时间数据等;从通过上述实验得到的多组流阻数据和充填时间数据等参数中,选择出符合预设标准的结果数据,一般情况下,主要有两个判定标准,即时间和流阻;时间通常与容积有关;如果入口流量已知的话,入口压力和出口压力就可以基本确定,两个数据之间的差值即为流阻,流阻通常越小越好;在实际实现时,通常需要同时兼顾流阻和时间这两个参数;比如,如果充填时间是用户主要关注的参数,则可以从充填时间较短的结果数据中选出流阻数据较低的结果数据,其所对应的待计算参数的值,即可作为流道22的第二端口内径,即流道22的出口内径、流道22长度和收缩半角等参数的值。
当获取到流道22的第一端口内径,即流道22的入口内径、流道22的第二端口内径,即流道22的出口内径和流道22长度时,也可以通过以下公式(1)计算出该流道22的收缩半角,例如,参见图2所示的一种喷注器流道的结构示意图;流道22的入口内径以D2表示,流道22的出口内径以d2表示,流道22长度以l表示,流道22的收缩半角以α2表示,则流道22的收缩半角α2可以通过以下公式计算得到:When the inner diameter of the first port of the
流道22的内部容积V2可以通过以下公式(2)计算得到:The internal volume V2 of the flow channel 22 can be calculated by the following formula (2):
单个流道22的内部容积与物料的充填时间和输运效率相关,一般情况下,单个流道22的内部容积越小,充填时间越短,输送效率越高。The internal volume of a
上述流路进口21与外部的物料供应系统连接,用于将该物料供应系统提供的物料输送至上述流道22;该流道22用于将该物料输送至喷嘴23,在物料的输送过程中,通过流道22的逐渐减小的横截面面积对该物料进行剪切稀化;该喷嘴23用于将该物料输送至外部的物料接收装置。The above-mentioned
在实际实现时,上述物料供应系统可以是推进剂供应系统,上述物料接收装置可以是发动机燃烧室;参见图3所示的一种喷注器在发动机内部的装配示意图,该喷注器2可以设置在推进剂供应系统管路阀门1和发动机燃烧室3之间,结构分为上中下三层,上层为推进剂供应系统管路阀门1,中层为喷注器2,下层为发动机燃烧室3,喷注器2的流路进口21与推进剂供应系统管路阀门1连接;喷注器2的喷嘴23与发动机燃烧室3连接;喷注器2的流路进口21将推进剂供应系统所提供的物料,通过喷注器2的流道22和喷嘴23输送至发动机燃烧室3。In actual implementation, the above-mentioned material supply system may be a propellant supply system, and the above-mentioned material receiving device may be an engine combustion chamber; referring to the schematic diagram of the assembly of an injector inside the engine shown in FIG. 3 , the
本发明实施例提供一种喷注器,包括至少一组喷注装置,该喷注装置包括流路进口、流道和喷嘴;流道的第一端口与该流路进口连接,流道的第二端口与该喷嘴连接;沿着流道的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,流道的横截面面积逐渐减小;通过逐渐收缩的流道,提高物料的剪切速率,增大剪切面积,使物料逐渐稀化,从而减小了物料的流阻,缩短了物料接收装置的响应时间。An embodiment of the present invention provides an injector, comprising at least one group of injection devices, the injection device comprising a flow channel inlet, a flow channel and a nozzle; a first port of the flow channel is connected to the flow channel inlet, and a first port of the flow channel is connected to the flow channel inlet, and the first port of the flow channel The second port is connected to the nozzle; along the extending direction from the first port to the second port of the flow channel, the cross-sectional area of the flow channel gradually decreases; through the gradually shrinking flow channel, the shear rate of the material is increased and the shear The cutting area gradually thins the material, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the material and shortening the response time of the material receiving device.
进一步的,流道22的数量为多个,喷嘴23的数量为多个,喷嘴23的数量与流道22的数量相同;多个喷嘴23中心对称分布;多个流道22与多个喷嘴23一一对应连接。Further, the number of
参见图4所示的一种喷注器内部流道剖视图的结构示意图,在实际实现时,流路进口21与流道22一般会通过曲面平滑过渡连接,在对流道22进行设计时,可以通过倒较大的圆角的方式实现平滑过渡,且结构紧凑;连接处可以将原本一个主流道分为若干个流道22,类似植物根系和动物血管的分叉结构,以避免由于流道22存在盲腔或折角导致的物料滞留和复凝,比如,当物料为凝胶推进剂时,由于凝胶推进剂只有在一定压力下,才呈现出流动特性,一旦有地方流动速度比较慢时,慢慢会变成固体,容易堵住,如果只有一个流道22,容易出现盲腔或折角问题,从而导致凝胶推进剂滞留和复凝。上述流道22的数量可以根据需求进行设定,流道22数量不同,流道22的结构参数通常也不同,具体可以通过冷流试验或者流动数值仿真计算迭代优化计算得到,计算方式可参考前述实施例,在此不再赘述;由于喷嘴23和流道22通常需要一一对应连接,因此喷嘴23也可以设定为多个,且数量与流道22的数量相同,多个喷嘴23通常为中心对称分布,以使喷注器的重量分布更加均匀,比如,参见图5所示的一种喷注器内部喷嘴的分布示意图,图5中包括4个氧化剂喷嘴231和4个燃料喷嘴232,其中,4个氧化剂喷嘴231为中心对称分布,4个燃料喷嘴232也为中心对称分布。Referring to the schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional view of the internal flow channel of the injector shown in FIG. 4, in actual implementation, the
进一步的,如图4所示,多个流道22的第一端口之间的连接结构为锥形;以一个流路进口21连接四个流道22为例进行说明,连接处四个流道22对应四个相切的圆中间原本是平面,该结构形式容易造成物料流动受阻,可能出现物料回流或停滞,为了避免出该问题,在该平面位置可以设置一个尖的小锥形结构,当有物料流入时,对于每个流道22来说,相当于是个收口的结构,这样可以使物料稀化,保证物料继续流动。Further, as shown in FIG. 4 , the connection structure between the first ports of the plurality of
进一步的,流道22为锥形管结构;在实际实现时,可以将上述流道22设计为锥形圆管结构,即在喷注器2内部,流道22通常为逐渐收缩的弯曲圆管结构,流道22截面面积逐渐减小。Further, the
进一步的,上述流路进口21为截头圆锥空腔结构;该流路进口21的第一端口与物料供应系统连接,流路进口21的第二端口与流道22的第一端口连接;沿着流路进口21的第一端口到第二端口的延伸方向,该流路进口21的横截面面积逐渐减小。Further, the above-mentioned
流路进口21的第一端口的内径,即流路进口21的入口内径,可以根据与之连接的物料供应系统的出口内径确定,一般情况下,可以将流路进口21的第一端口的内径设计为与之连接的物料供应系统的出口内径相同的数值,在实际实现时,流路进口21的第二端口的内径,即流路进口21的出口内径、流路进口21的高度和收敛半角等参数可以通过冷流试验或者流动数值仿真计算迭代优化得到,计算方式可参考前述实施例,在此不再赘述;当获取到流路进口21的第一端口的内径,即流路进口21的入口内径、流路进口21的第二端口的内径,即流路进口21的出口内径和流路进口21的高度时,可以通过以下公式(3)计算出该流路进口21的收敛半角,例如,参见图6所示的一种喷注器流路进口的结构示意图;流路进口21的入口内径以D1表示,流路进口21的出口内径以d1表示,流路进口21的高度以h表示,流路进口21的收敛半角以α1表示,则流路进口21的收敛半角α1可以通过以下公式计算得到:The inner diameter of the first port of the
单个流路进口21的内部容积V1可以通过以下公式(4)计算得到:The internal volume V 1 of a single
单个流路进口21的内部容积与物料的充填时间和输运效率相关,一般情况下,流路进口21的内部容积越小,针对当前容腔内的物料充填时间越短,输送效率越高。The internal volume of a single
进一步的,如图1所示,流道22的第一端口的延伸方向与流路进口21的第二端口的延伸方向相同;即在对流道22进行设计时,为减小物料流动阻力,通常使流道22的第一端口顺着流路进口21的第二端口的方向进行延伸设计,即流道22的第一端口的角度与流路进口21方向一致。Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the extension direction of the first port of the
进一步的,该喷嘴23包括顺次连接的等直段、收敛段和圆管段;该喷嘴23的等直段的第一端口与流道22的第二端口连接;该喷嘴23的等直段的第二端口与该收敛段的第一端口连接,该收敛段的第二端口与该圆管段的第一端口连接,沿着该收敛段的第一端口到该收敛段的第二端口的延伸方向,收敛段的横截面面积逐渐减小;该喷嘴23的圆管段的第二端口与所述物料接收装置连接;该喷嘴23的结构可以是一体成型结构,喷嘴23的等直段的第二端口的内径与该收敛段的第一端口的内径通常设置为相同的数值;该收敛段的第二端口的内径与该圆管段的第一端口的内径通常设置为相同的数值;上述等直段和圆管段均为空心圆柱形结构,其中圆管段通常是较细的细圆管;以物料为凝胶推进剂为例,通过收敛段可以进一步剪切凝胶推进剂,从而进一步降低了推进剂的表观粘度。Further, the nozzle 23 includes an equal straight section, a converging section and a circular pipe section that are connected in sequence; the first port of the equal straight section of the nozzle 23 is connected with the second port of the flow channel 22; the equal straight section of the nozzle 23 is The second port is connected to the first port of the converging section, and the second port of the converging section is connected to the first port of the circular pipe section, along the extending direction from the first port of the converging section to the second port of the converging section , the cross-sectional area of the converging section gradually decreases; the second port of the circular pipe section of the nozzle 23 is connected to the material receiving device; the structure of the nozzle 23 can be an integral molding structure, and the second port of the equal straight section of the nozzle 23 The inner diameter of the converging section and the inner diameter of the first port of the converging section are usually set to the same value; the inner diameter of the second port of the converging section and the inner diameter of the first port of the circular pipe section are usually set to the same value; the above-mentioned equal straight sections and The circular tube sections are all hollow cylindrical structures, and the circular tube sections are usually thin and thin circular tubes; taking the material as the gel propellant as an example, the gel propellant can be further sheared through the converging section, thereby further reducing the propellant's Apparent viscosity.
在实际实现时,细圆管段的内径可以由物料的流量、压降、混合比和鲁泊数等已知参数进行确定;喷嘴23的等直段的内径、等直段的长度、收敛段的长度和细圆管段的长度等参数可以通过冷流试验,或者流动数值仿真计算迭代优化得到,具体计算方式可参考前述实施例,在此不再赘述;当获取到细圆管段的内径、等直段的内径、等直段的长度、收敛段的长度和细圆管段的长度时,可以通过以下公式(5)计算出该收敛段的收敛半角,例如,参见图7所示的一种喷注器喷嘴的结构示意图;细圆管段的内径和收敛段的第二端口的内径以d3表示,等直段的内径和收敛段的第一端口的内径以D3表示,等直段的长度以Ld表示,收敛段的长度以L表示,细圆管段的长度以L0表示,收敛段的收敛半角以α3表示,则收敛段的收敛半角α3可以通过以下公式计算得到:In actual implementation, the inner diameter of the thin circular pipe section can be determined by known parameters such as the flow rate of the material, pressure drop, mixing ratio, and Luper number; Parameters such as the length and the length of the thin circular pipe section can be obtained through cold flow test or iterative optimization of flow numerical simulation calculation. The specific calculation method can refer to the previous embodiment, which will not be repeated here; When the inner diameter of the segment, the length of the equal straight segment, the length of the convergent segment, and the length of the thin circular pipe segment, the convergence half angle of the convergent segment can be calculated by the following formula (5). Schematic diagram of the structure of the nozzle; the inner diameter of the thin circular tube section and the inner diameter of the second port of the converging section are denoted by d3, the inner diameter of the equal straight section and the inner diameter of the first port of the converging section are denoted by D3, and the length of the equal straight section is denoted by Ld , the length of the convergence segment is represented by L, the length of the thin circular tube segment is represented by L0, and the convergence half angle of the convergent segment is represented by α3, then the convergence half angle α3 of the convergent segment can be calculated by the following formula:
单个喷嘴23的内部容积V3可以通过以下公式(6)计算得到:The internal volume V3 of a
单个喷嘴23的内部容积与物料的充填时间和输运效率相关,一般情况下,喷嘴23的内部容积越小,物料充填时间越短,输送效率越高。The internal volume of a
进一步的,如图1所示,流道22的第二端口的延伸方向与喷嘴23的等直段的延伸方向相同;即在对流道22进行设计时,为减小物料流动阻力,通常使流道22的第二端口顺着喷嘴23的等直段的方向进行延伸设计,即流道22的第二端口的角度与喷嘴23方向一致。Further, as shown in FIG. 1 , the extending direction of the second port of the
进一步的,该喷注器2包括两组喷注装置,第一喷注装置中的流路进口21与第二喷注装置中的流路进口21对称分布。Further, the
以物料为凝胶推进剂、物料供应系统为推进剂供应系统、物料接收装置为发动机燃烧室为例进行说明,参见图8所示的一种喷注器内部燃料和氧化剂流道剖视图的结构示意图;在实际实现时,通常需要氧化剂和燃料两种物料同时从推进剂供应系统输送至发动机燃烧室3,因此喷注器2需要包括两组喷注装置,且为了避免由于流道22存在盲腔或折角导致的物料滞留和复凝,通常会使每个流路进口21对应多个支路的流道22,即流路进口21包括一个氧化剂流路进口211和一个燃料流路进口212,流道22包括多个氧化剂流道221和多个燃料流道222,喷嘴23包括多个氧化剂喷嘴231和多个燃料喷嘴232;其中,多个氧化剂流道221和多个氧化剂喷嘴231的数量相同,且一一对应连接;多个燃料流道222和多个燃料喷嘴232的数量相同,且一一对应连接;一般情况下,发动机的设计尽量对称,这样重量会比较好调,因此,一个氧化剂流路进口211的位置和一个燃料流路进口212的位置通常设计为轴对称分布,氧化剂流路进口211的结构尺寸和燃料流路进口212的结构尺寸不一定相同,具体可参考前述实施例计算各自的结构尺寸。Taking the material as the gel propellant, the material supply system as the propellant supply system, and the material receiving device as the engine combustion chamber as an example, refer to a schematic structural diagram of a cross-sectional view of the fuel and oxidant flow channels inside the injector shown in FIG. 8 . ; In actual implementation, two materials, oxidant and fuel, are usually required to be transported from the propellant supply system to the
多个氧化剂喷嘴231和多个燃料喷嘴232均为中心对称分布,通常将氧化剂喷嘴231和燃料喷嘴232设计为相同的数量,但具体的氧化剂喷嘴231和燃料喷嘴232的结构尺寸或角度可能会不同,具体可参考前述实施例计算各自的结构尺寸,如图5所示,以氧化剂喷嘴231和燃料喷嘴232的数量均为4个为例,4个氧化剂喷嘴231为中心对称分布,4个燃料喷嘴232也为中心对称分布;4个氧化剂喷嘴231和4个燃料喷嘴232分别是圆盘的形式,并且4个氧化剂喷嘴231和4个燃料喷嘴232是同心圆的形式;需要说明的是,也可以通过3D打印的方式做出喷注器。The plurality of
当前增材制造技术的快速发展为包含复杂流道设计的喷注器的加工提供了可能,利用凝胶推进剂剪切敏感性,通过机械剪切降低其表观粘度;具体的,利用凝胶推进剂剪切变稀特性,通过设计内流道逐渐收缩的喷注器,改善凝胶推进剂的流变特性,降低凝胶推进剂流阻,减少发动机响应时间,增强推进剂雾化效果,提高发动机燃烧效率和比冲性能。The rapid development of current additive manufacturing technology has made it possible to process injectors containing complex flow channel designs, using the shear sensitivity of gel propellants to reduce their apparent viscosity through mechanical shear; specifically, using gel The propellant shear thinning characteristic, by designing the injector with the inner flow channel gradually shrinking, the rheological properties of the gel propellant are improved, the flow resistance of the gel propellant is reduced, the engine response time is reduced, and the propellant atomization effect is enhanced, Improve engine combustion efficiency and specific impulse performance.
作为另一种实现方式,在保证喷注器流量和压降要求的前提下,可以通过采用收缩形内部流道和适当减小容积的方法,增加凝胶推进剂的剪切速率,显著降低推进剂表观粘度,减少充填时间。As another implementation, on the premise of ensuring the flow rate and pressure drop of the injector, the shear rate of the gel propellant can be increased and the propellant can be significantly reduced by adopting a constricted internal flow channel and appropriately reducing the volume. Reduce the apparent viscosity of the agent and reduce the filling time.
本发明实施例提供的另一种喷注器,流路进口、流道和喷嘴的整个喷注器结构逐渐收缩,通过持续地流动剪切作用,增大剪切面积,实现物料输送与喷注过程中的剪切稀化,从而减小了物料的流阻,缩短了物料接收装置的响应时间。In another injector provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the entire injector structure of the flow channel inlet, the flow channel and the nozzle gradually shrinks, and through the continuous flow shearing action, the shearing area is increased to realize material transportation and injection. The shear thinning in the process reduces the flow resistance of the material and shortens the response time of the material receiving device.
本发明实施例提供了一种喷注方法,该方法应用于上述喷注器;该方法包括:流路进口与外部的物料供应系统连接,将该物料供应系统提供的物料输送至该流道;该流道将该物料输送至喷嘴,在物料的输送过程中,通过逐渐减小的流道的横截面面积对物料进行剪切稀化;该喷嘴将该物料输送至外部的物料接收装置。An embodiment of the present invention provides an injection method, which is applied to the above-mentioned injector; the method includes: connecting a flow path inlet to an external material supply system, and conveying the material provided by the material supply system to the flow path; The flow channel conveys the material to the nozzle. During the material conveying process, the material is shear-thinned by the gradually decreasing cross-sectional area of the flow channel; the nozzle conveys the material to an external material receiving device.
在实际实现时,流路进口接收与之连接的物料供应系统所提供的物料,可以根据物料种类设置流路进口的数量;为了避免由于单个流道存在盲腔或折角导致的物料滞留和复凝,可以设计为一个流路进口对应多个流道的方式,即,流路进口将接收到的物料输送至与之连接的多个流道,且由于流道的横截面积逐渐减小,基于物料本身的物理特性,物料在从流道输送至喷嘴的过程中,会逐渐剪切稀化,最后通过喷嘴将稀化后的物料输送至与之连接的物料接收装置。In actual implementation, the flow path inlet receives the material provided by the material supply system connected to it, and the number of flow path inlets can be set according to the type of material; in order to avoid material retention and recondensation caused by the existence of blind cavities or bent angles in a single flow path , it can be designed in a way that one flow channel inlet corresponds to multiple flow channels, that is, the flow channel inlet transports the received material to multiple flow channels connected to it, and because the cross-sectional area of the flow channel gradually decreases, based on Due to the physical properties of the material itself, the material will be gradually sheared and thinned in the process of being transported from the runner to the nozzle, and finally the thinned material will be transported to the material receiving device connected to it through the nozzle.
上述喷注方法中,流路进口将该物料供应系统提供的物料输送至该流道;该流道将该物料输送至喷嘴,该喷嘴将该物料输送至外部的物料接收装置;该方法中,通过逐渐收缩的流道,提高物料的剪切速率,增大剪切面积,使物料逐渐稀化,从而减小了物料的流阻,缩短了物料接收装置的响应时间。In the above injection method, the flow path inlet transports the material provided by the material supply system to the flow channel; the flow channel transports the material to the nozzle, and the nozzle transports the material to an external material receiving device; in this method, Through the gradually shrinking flow channel, the shear rate of the material is increased, the shear area is increased, and the material is gradually thinned, thereby reducing the flow resistance of the material and shortening the response time of the material receiving device.
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments can still be modified, or some or all of the technical features thereof can be equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention. scope.
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CN112780446A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-05-11 | 西安中科宇航动力技术有限公司 | Light quick-response gel two-component engine |
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