CN110685027B - Method for preparing polymer optical fiber - Google Patents
Method for preparing polymer optical fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN110685027B CN110685027B CN201910831732.8A CN201910831732A CN110685027B CN 110685027 B CN110685027 B CN 110685027B CN 201910831732 A CN201910831732 A CN 201910831732A CN 110685027 B CN110685027 B CN 110685027B
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/12—Stretch-spinning methods
- D01D5/16—Stretch-spinning methods using rollers, or like mechanical devices, e.g. snubbing pins
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/12—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyamide as constituent
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
- D01F8/14—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyester as constituent
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a polymer optical fiber, wherein the polymer optical fiber comprises a core layer and a skin layer arranged on the periphery of the core layer, the material of the core layer comprises polycarbonate, and the material of the skin layer comprises modified polyethylene terephthalate and/or transparent nylon; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) respectively drying the material of the core layer and the material of the skin layer; (2) respectively adding the core layer material and the skin layer material treated in the step (1) into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, and extruding the materials through a spinneret plate under a vacuum condition to prepare a crude product; (3) cooling the obtained crude product by water, and drafting by drafting rollers with different speeds to obtain the product; the polymer optical fiber prepared by the invention has the advantages of excellent toughness, lower optical loss, lower price and simpler and quicker preparation method, so that the polymer optical fiber is particularly suitable for decorative fabrics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the crossing field of optical information materials and textile materials, particularly relates to an optical fiber material related to a decorative fabric, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a polymer optical fiber.
Background
At present, in the textile field, optical fibers (optical fibers) are used as a raw material to prepare a light-emitting fabric, for example, the optical fibers and cotton yarns are interwoven, the optical fibers in the fabric are bundled, and the bundled optical fibers are coupled with a certain light source to form the optical fiber light-emitting fabric, but the existing optical fibers are basically fibers made of glass or plastic polymers, that is, polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used as a core layer, and fluororesin is used as a skin layer for wrapping the core layer, for example, chinese invention CN104164734A (which discloses a polymethyl methacrylate optical fiber yarn including an inner core and an outer wrapping layer, the inner core is polymethyl methacrylate, the outer wrapping layer is fluororesin), for example, chinese invention CN103380240A (which discloses an illuminating fabric, an illuminating skin device, a complete set of equipment and an implementation method thereof, and the optical fibers adopted by the optical fibers are polymethyl methacrylate, the optical fiber cladding is fluorinated high polymer), the preparation method of the optical fiber is mainly a prefabricated member-drawing method, namely, the material is firstly made into a knot with certain appearance through a certain method, and then the prefabricated member is placed in a drawing device to be heated and drawn into the optical fiber with the length of kilometers; however, such optical fibers have high transmission efficiency and can be used as light transmission tools, but have poor properties such as brittleness, elasticity, flexibility and the like, are easy to break and have insufficient comfort in the weaving and application processes in the textile field, and meanwhile, the fluorine resin has high cost, so that the fluorine resin is difficult to be applied to decorative fabrics on a large scale.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a preparation method of a polymer optical fiber which has lower optical loss and excellent toughness and can be suitable for decorative fabrics.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for manufacturing a polymer optical fiber, the polymer optical fiber comprising a core layer, a skin layer disposed at the periphery of the core layer, the material of the core layer comprises polycarbonate, the material of the skin layer comprises modified polyethylene terephthalate and/or transparent nylon, the total light transmittance of the modified polyethylene terephthalate is 88-90%, the refractive index is 1.45-1.50, the transparent nylon has the total light transmittance of 90-92% and the refractive index of 1.47-1.52, the refractive index of the polycarbonate is 1.55-1.59, the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the modified polyethylene terephthalate accounts for 5% -8% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate, the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the transparent nylon accounts for 4% -6% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate;
the preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively drying the material of the core layer and the material of the skin layer;
(2) respectively adding the material of the core layer and the material of the skin layer processed in the step (1) into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, and extruding the materials through a spinneret plate under a vacuum condition to prepare a crude product;
(3) and (3) cooling the obtained crude product by water, and drafting by drafting rollers with different speeds to prepare the polymer optical fiber.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, in the step (2), when the material of the skin layer is modified polyethylene terephthalate, the temperature of the screw rear zone where the material of the skin layer is located is set to 275-; when the material of the skin layer is transparent nylon, the temperature of the rear area of the screw where the material of the skin layer is located is set to be 220-225 ℃, the temperature of the front area is set to be 225-230 ℃, and the temperature of the box body is set to be 225-230 ℃.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, in the step (2), the temperature of the screw rear zone where the material of the core layer is located is set to 275-.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, in step (2), the temperature of the spinneret is set to 280-290 ℃.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, in the step (2), the two screws of the twin-screw melt spinning machine are respectively provided with a vacuum pump which is matched with the two screws, and the vacuum pump is used for pumping out air and water vapor which is emitted from the raw material slices due to high temperature, so that bubbles in the generated material are reduced, and the light transmission efficiency can be improved.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, in the step (3), the temperature of the water cooling is 50 to 60 ℃.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, in the step (3), the draft ratio of the draft roller after the draft is 1: 1.5-4.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the modified polyethylene terephthalate is prepared by: the polyethylene terephthalate, the copolymer of styrene and acrylic ester, the cycloolefin polymer and the polystyrene are mixed and melt-extruded to prepare the polypropylene composite material.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the feed mass ratio of the polyethylene terephthalate, the copolymer of styrene and acrylate, the cycloolefin polymer and the polystyrene is 1: 0.018-0.048: 0.018-0.036: 0.027-0.048.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, in the preparation of the modified polyethylene terephthalate, the melt extrusion is performed using a screw extruder, and the melt extrusion temperature is: the first zone is 275-280 ℃, the second zone is 280-285 ℃, the third zone is 285-290 ℃, the box temperature is 285-290 ℃, and the die head temperature is 285-290 ℃.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the modified polyethylene terephthalate has a melt index of 44 to 59g/10min measured at 280 ℃ under a load of 37.3N according to ISO 1133.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the transparent nylon has a melt index of 20 to 26g/10min measured at 230 ℃ under a load of 37.3N according to ISO1133 standard.
According to some preferred and specific aspects of the present invention, the polycarbonate has a melt index of 19 to 23g/10min as determined according to ISO1133 at 300 ℃ under a load of 37.3N.
According to some preferred aspects of the present invention, the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the modified polyethylene terephthalate is 5.5% to 7.6% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate, and the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the transparent nylon is 4.5% to 5.5% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate.
According to the present invention, the total light refers to visible light (near infrared to near ultraviolet), and the total light transmittance refers to the transmittance of all of such light.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the polymer optical fiber prepared by the method adopts a specific material as a skin layer material, and controls the refractive index relationship between the skin layer material and a core layer material, so that the prepared polymer optical fiber not only has excellent toughness and lower optical loss, but also can be prepared by a melt spinning method based on the particularity of the material, thereby overcoming the defect of lower efficiency in the preparation of a prefabricated part-stretching method in the prior art, and simultaneously having lower price, so that the polymer optical fiber prepared by the method is particularly suitable for a decorative fabric, namely a short-path light transmission luminous fabric.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a process for manufacturing a polymer optical fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of one embodiment of the polymer optical fiber according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one of the structures of the polymer optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one of the structures of the polymer optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one of the structures of the polymer optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one of the structures of the polymer optical fiber of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of one of the structures of the polymer optical fiber of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The above-described scheme is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples; it is to be understood that these embodiments are provided to illustrate the general principles, essential features and advantages of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited in scope by the following embodiments; the implementation conditions used in the examples can be further adjusted according to specific requirements, and the implementation conditions not indicated are generally the conditions in routine experiments. In the following, all starting materials are either commercially available or prepared by conventional methods in the art, unless otherwise specified.
In the following, the melt index of the modified polyethylene terephthalate is measured at 280 ℃ under a load of 37.3N according to the ISO1133 standard; the melt index of the transparent nylon is measured according to the ISO1133 standard at 230 ℃ and under the load of 37.3N; the melt index of the polycarbonate is determined according to the ISO1133 standard at 300 ℃ under a load of 37.3N.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the structural system used for the preparation of each polymer optical fiber in the following examples includes two hoppers (11), two metering pumps (12), two screws (13) (i.e., two screws of a twin-screw extruder), two vacuum pumps (14) (vacuum pumps (14) for evacuating air and water vapor emitted from the chips due to high temperature, thereby reducing bubbles in the material and improving light transmission efficiency) respectively arranged at both sides, and a spinning die (15), a water-cooling pool (16), a pulling roll (17), and a winding device (18) respectively communicating with the outlets of the two screws; before the material enters a spinning die head (15), two groups of devices are respectively connected with a hopper (11) and a metering pump (12), then screw rods (13) are connected, and a vacuum pump (14) is arranged on each screw rod (13); the raw materials are heated by a screw (13) after being sliced, enter a spinning die head (15) and are extruded, then extruded crude fibers are cooled by water in a water cooling tank (16), and are stretched by a plurality of pulling rollers (17) with different matching speeds, the optical fibers are thinned, the orientation degree of macromolecules in the fibers is improved, and finally the fibers are collected by a winding device (18).
Example 2
This example provides a polymer optical fiber, as shown in fig. 2, including a core layer (32) and a skin layer (31) covering the outer surface of the core layer (32), where the material of the core layer (32) is polycarbonate (PC, refractive index of 1.59, and melt index of 22g/10min), the material of the skin layer (31) is modified polyethylene terephthalate (modified PET, total light transmittance of 90%, refractive index of 1.49, and melt index of 44g/10min), and its cross section is shown in fig. 3.
The modified polyethylene terephthalate is prepared by the following method: the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyethylene terephthalate, 2 parts of a copolymer (NAS) of styrene and acrylic ester, 3 parts of cycloolefin polymer (COP) and 3 parts of polystyrene; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, and stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a premix;
(2) and (3) putting the obtained premix into a screw extruder for melt blending (temperature parameters: 275-280 ℃ in the first zone, 280 ℃ in the second zone, 285 ℃ in the third zone, 285 ℃ in the box body and 285 ℃ in the die head), extruding, cooling and slicing to obtain the modified polyethylene terephthalate.
The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the prepared modified PET slices in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and drying the PC slices in the vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to respectively obtain dried modified PET slices and dried PC slices;
(2) respectively adding the dried modified PET and PC slices into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, wherein the modified PET component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to be 280 ℃, the front zone temperature to be 285 ℃, the box body temperature to be 285 ℃, the PC component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to be 280 ℃, the front zone temperature to be 285 ℃, the box body temperature to be 285 ℃ and the spinneret plate temperature to be 285 ℃;
(3) spinning and forming through a spinning die head with a skin-core structure (a core-shell structure);
(4) cooling by a water cooling tank at 55 ℃, drawing by a drawing roller, wherein the drawing ratio is 1:3, collecting the mixture into a coil by a winding device.
The section of the optical fiber is connected with an LED light source, the skin layer (31) can emit light laterally, the thickness of the core layer (32) is 600 mu m, the thickness of the skin layer (31) is 60 mu m, and the fiber and common textile fiber are subjected to processes such as knitting or weaving to obtain the luminous fabric.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a polymer optical fiber, which comprises a core layer (34), a first polymer material layer, a second polymer material layer and a skin layer (33), wherein the first polymer material layer and the skin layer (33) are respectively made of modified polyethylene terephthalate (modified PET, the total light transmittance is 90%, the refractive index is 1.50 and the melt index is 59g/10min), the second polymer material layer and the core layer (34) are respectively made of polycarbonate (PC, the refractive index is 1.59 and the melt index is 23g/10min), and the cross section of the polymer optical fiber is shown in FIG. 4.
The modified polyethylene terephthalate is prepared by the following method: the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyethylene terephthalate, 2 parts of a copolymer (NAS) of styrene and acrylic ester, 2 parts of cycloolefin polymer (COP) and 3 parts of polystyrene; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, and stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a premix;
(2) and (3) putting the obtained premix into a screw extruder for melt blending (temperature parameters: 275-280 ℃ in the first zone, 280 ℃ in the second zone, 285 ℃ in the third zone, 285 ℃ in the box body and 285 ℃ in the die head), extruding, cooling and slicing to obtain the modified polyethylene terephthalate.
The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the prepared modified PET slices in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and drying the PC slices in the vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to respectively obtain dried modified PET slices and dried PC slices;
(2) respectively adding the dried modified PET and PC slices into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, wherein the PET component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to 283 ℃, the front zone temperature to 288 ℃, the box body temperature to 288 ℃, the PC component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to 280 ℃, the front zone temperature to 285 ℃, the box body temperature to 290 ℃ and the spinneret plate temperature to 290 ℃;
(3) spinning and forming through a spinning die head with a multilayer skin-core structure;
(4) cooling by a water cooling tank at 60 ℃, drawing by a drawing roller, wherein the drawing ratio is 1:2, and collecting the mixture into a roll by a rolling device.
The thickness of the skin layer (33) is 650nm, the thickness of the first polymer material layer and the thickness of the second polymer material layer are respectively 110nm, the diameter of the core layer (34) is 600nm, the section of the optical fiber is connected with an LED light source, the skin layer can emit light laterally, the light emitting effect is better than that of the fiber in the embodiment 2, and the fiber and common textile fiber are subjected to processes of knitting, weaving and the like, so that a fabric with better light emitting effect can be obtained.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a polymer optical fiber, which comprises a core layer (36) and a skin layer (35) coated on the outer surface of the core layer (36), wherein the material of the core layer (36) is polycarbonate (PC, the refractive index is 1.59, and the melt index is 22g/10min), the material of the skin layer (35) is modified polyethylene terephthalate (modified PET, the total light transmittance is 89%, the refractive index is 1.47, and the melt index is 49g/10min), and the cross section of the polymer optical fiber is shown in FIG. 5.
The modified polyethylene terephthalate is prepared by the following method: the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyethylene terephthalate, 4 parts of a copolymer (NAS) of styrene and acrylic ester, 3 parts of cycloolefin polymer (COP) and 3 parts of polystyrene; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, and stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a premix;
(2) and (3) putting the obtained premix into a screw extruder for melt blending (temperature parameters: 275-280 ℃ in the first zone, 280 ℃ in the second zone, 285 ℃ in the third zone, 285 ℃ in the box body and 285 ℃ in the die head), extruding, cooling and slicing to obtain the modified polyethylene terephthalate.
The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the prepared modified PET slices in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and drying the PC slices in the vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to respectively obtain dried modified PET slices and dried PC slices;
(2) respectively adding the dried modified PET and PC slices into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, wherein the PET component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to 275 ℃, the front zone temperature to 280 ℃, the box body temperature to 285 ℃, the PC component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to 275 ℃, the front zone temperature to 280 ℃, the box body temperature to 285 ℃ and the spinneret plate temperature to 285 ℃;
(3) spinning and forming through a spinning die head with a triangular skin layer and a circular core layer;
(4) cooling in a water cooling tank at 55 ℃, drawing by a drawing roller with the drawing ratio of 1:3, and collecting into coils by a winding device.
The skin layer (35) is triangular, the core layer (36) is circular, the thickness of the core layer (36) is 670 mu m, the minimum thickness of the skin layer (35) is 80 mu m, the section of the optical fiber is connected with an LED light source, the skin layer can emit light laterally, and the fiber and common textile fiber are subjected to processes such as knitting or weaving to obtain a light-emitting fabric; and because the cortex section of the optical fiber is triangular, a natural prism is formed at three corners of the fiber, light is dispersed at the natural prism, and a textile made of the fiber can form natural rainbow color in the sun.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a polymer optical fiber, which comprises a core layer (38) and a skin layer (37) coated on the outer surface of the core layer (38), wherein the material of the core layer (38) is polycarbonate (PC, the refractive index is 1.57, and the melt index is 19g/10min), the material of the skin layer (37) is modified polyethylene terephthalate (modified PET, the total light transmittance is 90%, the refractive index is 1.46, and the melt index is 53g/10min), and the cross section of the polymer optical fiber is shown in FIG. 6.
The modified polyethylene terephthalate is prepared by the following method: the composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of polyethylene terephthalate, 4 parts of a copolymer (NAS) of styrene and acrylic ester, 3 parts of cycloolefin polymer (COP) and 4 parts of polystyrene; the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the raw materials into a high-speed mixer, and stirring for 20 minutes to obtain a premix;
(2) and (3) putting the obtained premix into a screw extruder for melt blending (temperature parameters: 275-280 ℃ in the first zone, 280 ℃ in the second zone, 285 ℃ in the third zone, 285 ℃ in the box body and 285 ℃ in the die head), extruding, cooling and slicing to obtain the modified polyethylene terephthalate.
The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the prepared modified PET slices in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours, and drying the PC slices in a vacuum drying oven at 105 ℃ for 8 hours to respectively obtain dried modified PET slices and dried PC slices;
(2) respectively adding the dried modified PET and PC slices into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, wherein the PET component sets the temperature of the rear zone of the screw to 280 ℃, the temperature of the front zone to 285 ℃, the box body temperature to 285 ℃, the PC component sets the temperature of the rear zone of the screw to 280 ℃, the temperature of the front zone to 285 ℃, the box body temperature to 288 ℃, and the spinneret plate temperature to 290 ℃;
(3) spinning and forming through a spinning die head with a pentagonal core layer and a circular skin layer.
(4) Cooling in a water cooling tank at 60 ℃, drawing by a drawing roller with the drawing ratio of 1:2.5, and collecting into coils by a winding device.
The skin layer (37) is round, the core layer (38) is in a pentagram shape, the maximum diameter of the core layer (38) is 630 mu m, the minimum thickness of the skin layer (37) is 100 mu m, the cross section of the optical fiber is connected with an LED light source, the skin layer can emit light laterally, the fiber and common textile fiber are subjected to processes of knitting or weaving and the like, a luminous fabric can be obtained, light rays are gathered at five vertex angles of the pentagram shape of the core layer, and 5 brighter light rays can be seen from the side face of the light rays.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a polymer optical fiber, which comprises a plurality of core layers (40) arranged in parallel and a skin layer (39) coated on the outer surfaces of the plurality of core layers (40) arranged in parallel, wherein the material of the core layer (40) is polycarbonate (PC, the refractive index is 1.55, and the melt index is 23g/10min), the material of the skin layer (39) is transparent nylon (the total light transmittance is 92%, the refractive index is 1.47, and the melt index is 22g/10min), and the cross section of the polymer optical fiber is shown in FIG. 7.
The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the transparent nylon slices in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 8 hours, and drying the PC slices in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to respectively obtain dried transparent nylon and PC slices;
(2) respectively adding the dried transparent nylon and PC slices into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, wherein the transparent nylon component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to 225 ℃, the front zone temperature to 230 ℃, the box body temperature to 230 ℃, the PC component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to 275 ℃, the front zone temperature to 280 ℃, the box body temperature to 285 ℃ and the spinneret plate temperature to 285 ℃;
(3) spinning and forming through a spinning die head of a sea-island structure (namely a plurality of core layers);
(4) cooling in a water cooling tank at 60 ℃, drawing by a drawing roller with the drawing ratio of 1:2, and collecting into coils by a winding device.
The core layers (40) are distributed in the skin layer (39) in parallel, the diameter of each core layer (40) is 50 micrometers, the outer diameter of the skin layer (39) is 800 micrometers, the cross section of the optical fiber is connected with an LED light source, the skin layer can emit light laterally, the light distribution is uniform, and the fiber and common textile fiber are subjected to processes of knitting, weaving and the like to obtain the light-emitting fabric.
Example 7
This example provides a polymer optical fiber, as shown in fig. 2, which includes a core layer (32) and a sheath layer (31) covering the outer surface of the core layer (32), the core layer (32) is made of polycarbonate (PC, refractive index of 1.55, and melt index of 19g/10min), the sheath layer (31) is made of transparent nylon (transmittance of 90%, refractive index of 1.47, and melt index of 22g/10min), and its cross section is shown in fig. 3.
The preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) drying the transparent nylon slices in a vacuum drying oven at 100 ℃ for 8 hours, and drying the PC slices in a vacuum drying oven at 120 ℃ for 8 hours to respectively obtain dried transparent nylon slices and dried PC slices;
(2) respectively adding the dried transparent nylon slices and the dried PC slices into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, wherein the transparent nylon component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to be 225 ℃, the front zone temperature to be 230 ℃, the box body temperature to be 230 ℃, the PC component sets the rear zone temperature of the screws to be 275 ℃, the front zone temperature to be 280 ℃, the box body temperature to be 285 ℃ and the spinneret plate temperature to be 285 ℃;
(3) spinning and forming through a spinning die head with a skin-core structure (a core-shell structure);
(4) cooling in a water cooling tank at 60 ℃, drawing by a drawing roller with the drawing ratio of 1:3.5, and collecting into coils by a winding device.
The section of the optical fiber is connected with an LED light source, the skin layer (31) can emit light laterally, the diameter of the core layer (32) is 720 mu m, the thickness of the skin layer (31) is 70 mu m, and the fiber and common textile fiber are subjected to processes such as knitting or weaving to obtain the light-emitting fabric.
Comparative example 1
The difference is essentially the same as example 2, except that the material of the skin layer is a conventional PET material which is commercially available, has a refractive index of 1.56 and has a total light transmittance of 87%.
Comparative example 2
Commercially available Polycarbonate (PC)/fluororesin optical fibers.
Performance testing
The polymer optical fibers prepared in examples 2 to 7 and comparative example 1 and the optical fiber provided in comparative example 2 were subjected to the following performance tests, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
The above performance test criteria were as follows:
elongation at break, breaking strength: GB/T14337-
Attenuation coefficient: GB/T15972.40-2008
Cationic dyeing color rendering ratio: FZ/T50020 and 2013.
The polymer optical fiber disclosed by the embodiment of the invention adopts a specific material as a skin layer material, and controls the refractive index relationship between the skin layer material and a core layer material, so that the polymer optical fiber prepared by the polymer optical fiber not only has excellent toughness and lower optical loss, but also has lower price, and is particularly suitable for a short-path light transmission luminous fabric such as a decorative fabric; meanwhile, the polymer optical fiber can be prepared by adopting a melt extrusion and spinning method, the defect that the prior art only adopts a prefabricated part-drawing method to have lower production efficiency is overcome, continuous production can be realized, and the scale enlargement is facilitated.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manufacturing a polymer optical fiber, wherein the polymer optical fiber comprises a core layer and a skin layer arranged on the periphery of the core layer, the material of the core layer comprises polycarbonate, the material of the skin layer comprises modified polyethylene terephthalate and/or transparent nylon, the total light transmittance of the modified polyethylene terephthalate is 88-90%, the refractive index is 1.45-1.50, the transparent nylon has the total light transmittance of 90-92% and the refractive index of 1.47-1.52, the refractive index of the polycarbonate is 1.55-1.59, the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the modified polyethylene terephthalate accounts for 5% -8% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate, the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the transparent nylon accounts for 4% -6% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate;
the modified polyethylene terephthalate is prepared by the following method: mixing polyethylene terephthalate, a copolymer of styrene and acrylic ester, a cycloolefin polymer and polystyrene, and performing melt extrusion to obtain the composite material;
the preparation method of the polymer optical fiber comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively drying the material of the core layer and the material of the skin layer;
(2) respectively adding the material of the core layer and the material of the skin layer processed in the step (1) into two screws of a double-screw melt spinning machine, and extruding the materials through a spinneret plate under a vacuum condition to prepare a crude product;
(3) and (3) cooling the obtained crude product by water, and drafting by drafting rollers with different speeds to prepare the polymer optical fiber.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), when the material of the sheath layer is modified polyethylene terephthalate, the temperature of the rear region of the screw where the material of the sheath layer is located is set to 275-285 ℃, the temperature of the front region is set to 280-290 ℃, and the temperature of the box body is set to 280-290 ℃; when the material of the skin layer is transparent nylon, the temperature of the rear area of the screw where the material of the skin layer is located is set to be 220-225 ℃, the temperature of the front area is set to be 225-230 ℃, and the temperature of the box body is set to be 225-230 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the rear region of the screw where the core layer is located is set to 275-280 ℃, the temperature of the front region is set to 280-285 ℃, and the temperature of the box is set to 285-290 ℃.
4. The method for preparing a polymer optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the temperature of the spinneret is set to 280-290 ℃.
5. The method for manufacturing a polymer optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the water cooling in the step (3) is 50 to 60 ℃.
6. The method for producing a polymer optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the draft ratio of the draft roller after the draft is 1: 1.5 to 4.
7. The method for producing a polymer optical fiber according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polyethylene terephthalate, the copolymer of styrene and acrylic ester, the cycloolefin polymer, and the polystyrene is 1: 0.018-0.048: 0.018-0.036: 0.027-0.048; and/or, the melt extrusion is carried out by adopting a screw extruder, and the melt extrusion temperature is as follows: the first zone is 275-280 ℃, the second zone is 280-285 ℃, the third zone is 285-290 ℃, the box temperature is 285-290 ℃, and the die head temperature is 285-290 ℃.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified polyethylene terephthalate has a melt index of 44 to 59g/10min measured at 280 ℃ under a load of 37.3N according to ISO 1133; and/or the transparent nylon has a melt index of 20-26g/10min measured at 230 ℃ and 37.3N load according to ISO1133 standard; and/or the polycarbonate has a melt index of 19 to 23g/10min, measured according to ISO1133 standard at 300 ℃ under a load of 37.3N.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the modified polyethylene terephthalate is 5.5% to 7.6% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate, and the difference between the refractive index of the polycarbonate and the refractive index of the transparent nylon is 4.5% to 5.5% of the refractive index of the polycarbonate.
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| PCT/CN2020/115567 WO2021043318A1 (en) | 2019-09-04 | 2020-09-16 | Polymer optical fiber and preparation method therefor, and light-emitting textile |
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| JPS6026910A (en) * | 1983-07-23 | 1985-02-09 | Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd | Optical fiber core |
| JPS62232609A (en) * | 1986-04-02 | 1987-10-13 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Optically transmittable plastic fiber |
| IT1316598B1 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2003-04-24 | Caen Microelettronica E Sistem | TEXTILE MANUFACTURE WITH ILLUMINATED FIBERS, ITEM OF CLOTHING OBTAINED AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF THE MANUFACTURE. |
| CN1221374C (en) * | 2003-08-22 | 2005-10-05 | 四川汇源光通信股份有限公司 | Continuous reaction and coextrusion process of preparing stepped plastic fiber |
| CN100538420C (en) * | 2005-05-09 | 2009-09-09 | 三菱丽阳株式会社 | Plastic optical fiber cable |
| CN1758079A (en) * | 2005-09-23 | 2006-04-12 | 四川汇源塑料光纤有限公司 | Double-cor plastic optical fiber and its preparation method |
| JP6605795B2 (en) * | 2014-10-06 | 2019-11-13 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Indoor cable |
| CN204288929U (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 长飞光纤光缆股份有限公司 | A kind of optoelectronic composite cable |
| CN104862825B (en) * | 2015-06-10 | 2017-10-27 | 马海燕 | Major diameter core-skin type composite monofilament and its production method |
| CN107881595A (en) * | 2015-09-10 | 2018-04-06 | 孝感市元达新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of luminous fabric |
| JP7020857B2 (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2022-02-16 | 旭化成株式会社 | Plastic fiber optic cable |
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