CN110684972B - Preparation method of titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating - Google Patents
Preparation method of titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/66—Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating, which comprises the following steps: A. cold spraying: preparing a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with Al concentration gradient and a pure Al intermediate layer on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate by controlling the mixing ratio of Al powder and Ti powder; B. chemical conversion: and preparing a wear-resistant insulating coating mainly consisting of aluminum oxide on the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer. The preparation method adopts a low-power-consumption cold spraying technology and an environment-friendly low-cost chemical conversion method, has simple process and economy, improves the wear resistance and galvanic corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy, and promotes the application of the titanium alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of material surface treatment, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating.
Background
Titanium alloy has the advantages of high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, high heat resistance and the like, is a potential structural steel substitute material, and is increasingly applied to various fields. In particular, the marine environment corrosion resistance of the composite material is more incomparable with other metal materials, is called as marine metal, and is already applied to a plurality of key parts such as ships, deep submergence vehicles, deep sea space stations, offshore drilling platforms and the like.
The excellent corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy is derived from an oxide film which is formed on the surface and has excellent protection, but the oxide film is very thin and is not wear-resistant, and the titanium alloy is easily scratched under medium load and rotating speed to cause the damage of a passive film. In addition, the titanium alloy has a positive potential, and is difficult to avoid galvanic corrosion caused by contact with other low-potential metals in practical application, so that the corrosion of structures or parts electrically connected with the titanium alloy, steel and the like is aggravated. With the development of the national ocean strategy, the application of the titanium alloy is more urgent. Therefore, it is very urgent to improve the wear resistance and galvanic corrosion of titanium alloys.
The problems of wear resistance and galvanic corrosion of the titanium alloy are improved on the premise of not changing the mechanical property of the titanium alloy, and the coating technology is undoubtedly the best choice. For example, the plasma surface modification technology can reduce the potential difference between the passivation layer and the electrode without the passivation layer, improve the wear resistance of the titanium alloy surface and obviously reduce the wear loss. Zhang Yun Lu and the like adopt a double-layer glow plasma surface metallurgy technology to carry out W-O co-infiltration on Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, and the obtained deposition layer and diffusion layer obviously improve the wear resistance of the titanium alloy. Chinese patent 201210216709.6 "a method for preparing a gradient oxide coating for titanium alloy surface with high temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance" prepares an Al-Cr-Ni alloy layer on the titanium alloy surface by a dual-glow plasma surface metallurgy technique, and then carries out ion infiltration treatment on the Al-Cr-Ni alloy layer to form a coating with high temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance, and the coating realizes metallurgical bonding with a substrate through the Al-Cr-Ni alloy layer, and has high bonding strength. The invention patent 201310163862.1 discloses a method for preparing a composite coating with high temperature oxidation resistance and wear resistance on the surface of titanium alloy, which combines the arc-added glow ion diffusion technology, the powder embedding diffusion technology and the ion diffusion technology to obtain the wear-resistant composite coating with high temperature oxidation resistance. The Chinese patent 201810805265.7 'titanium alloy surface self-lubricating wear-resistant composite ceramic coating and its preparation method', the self-lubricating wear-resistant composite coating mainly comprises high-hardness wear-resistant ceramic phase alumina and low-friction coefficient filling phase graphite. The ceramic and graphene oxide composite film layer is prepared by placing a micro-arc oxidation ceramic film layer in graphene sol for repeated dipping and pulling, and has good wear resistance. The preparation methods adopted by the ceramic film layers in the two patents are micro-arc oxidation methods. The micro-arc oxidation technology is widely used for preparing ceramic films on the surfaces of aluminum alloy and titanium alloy and is often used for corrosion prevention and insulation, while micro-arc oxidation film layers on the surfaces of titanium alloy are mostly used for insulation, but the wear resistance cannot meet the requirement, and the micro-arc oxidation technology solves the problem of wear resistance, but the insulation performance is reduced. In conclusion, the composite coating with better wear resistance can be prepared on the titanium alloy by the ion infiltration technology and the micro-arc oxidation technology, but the coating without wear resistance and insulation meets the use requirement of the titanium alloy on preventing galvanic corrosion and wear in ocean engineering, and the micro-arc oxidation and ion infiltration technologies have large power consumption and higher economic cost.
In view of the above disadvantages, it is necessary to develop a new wear-resistant coating process, and therefore, it is a research subject to explore the organic combination of the cold spray technology and the chemical conversion technology with low power consumption and low cost, and to prepare a wear-resistant insulating coating on the surface of the titanium alloy by using a simple operation process with low cost.
Chinese patent application 201810463275.7 discloses a method for preparing a high-hardness wear-resistant coating on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate, which comprises the steps of firstly spraying spherical H13 powder on the titanium alloy substrate subjected to surface roughening treatment and preheating by adopting a cold gas power spraying technology to form an H13 coating with the thickness of 50-105 mu m, and then cladding cobalt alloy powder on the surface of the H13 coating by adopting a laser cladding technology to obtain a cobalt alloy cladding coating. The invention combines cold air dynamic spraying technology and laser cladding technology to prepare the high-hardness wear-resistant metal composite coating on the surface of the titanium alloy substrate.
The cold spraying technology is a technology which takes preheated compressed gas (nitrogen, helium or mixed gas) as an accelerating medium to drive metal particles to impact a matrix at a very high speed in a solid state and form a coating by deposition in a mode that the metal particles are subjected to strong plastic deformation. The metal particles are not in metallurgical phenomenon in the deposition process, but are physically combined with the matrix in a plastic deformation mode under the condition of keeping the solid state, so that the change of components and tissue structures possibly generated in the thermal spraying deposition process is avoided, and the method is suitable for preparing coatings of temperature-sensitive materials (such as nano materials, amorphous materials and the like), easily-oxidized materials (such as aluminum, copper, titanium and the like) and easily-phase-changeable materials (such as carbon-based composite materials and the like).
The phosphorus-free conversion film technology in the chemical conversion method comprises the following steps: silane coupling agent conversion coating, fluorozirconate conversion coating, rare earth salt conversion coating, phytic acid conversion coating, biochemical conversion coating and the like are mainstream in the current market. The silane coupling agent conversion film has excellent corrosion resistance, but the hydrolysis process of the film is easy to generate self-polymerization reaction, the service life of the film is influenced, and the film has stronger selectivity on the coating; the fluozirconate conversion film is phosphorus-free (no phosphated slag is generated), does not need heating (energy is saved), can treat various metal substrates, but has poor adhesion with a coating; although the rare earth salt conversion film is environment-friendly, the corrosion resistance is poor, and the thickness is small; the phytic acid conversion film is non-toxic and harmless, but has the defects of poor corrosion resistance and the like.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating, which is simple in method, low in power consumption and low in cost, can organically combine a cold spraying technology with a chemical conversion method to prepare a wear-resistant and insulating titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating which meets the use requirements of preventing galvanic corrosion and wear of titanium alloy in ocean engineering.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a wear-resistant insulating coating of titanium alloy, which is simple in method, low in power consumption and low in cost, can organically combine a cold spraying technology with a phosphorus-free conversion coating technology to prepare the wear-resistant insulating coating of titanium alloy, meets the use requirement of titanium alloy in marine engineering on galvanic corrosion and wear prevention, and is strong in coating adhesive force, wear-resistant and insulating.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a preparation method of a titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. cold spraying: preparing a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with Al concentration gradient and a pure Al intermediate layer on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate by controlling the mixing ratio of Al powder and Ti powder;
B. chemical conversion: and preparing a wear-resistant insulating coating mainly consisting of aluminum oxide on the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer.
Further, the Ti-Al alloy transition layer is operated according to the following steps:
step 1: firstly, mechanically sandblasting the surface of the titanium alloy to ensure that the surface is microscopically uneven;
step 2: adjusting the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 1:1, and uniformly mixing the Al powder and the Ti powder, wherein the purity of the powder is not lower than 99.95%, and the particle size is 10-100 um; preparing a TiAl metal coating with the thickness of 5-10 um on the surface of the titanium alloy by adopting a cold spraying method, wherein the cold spraying process parameters are as follows: adopting compressed nitrogen as gas, wherein the spraying pressure is 2.8-3.2 MPa, the gas preheating temperature is 400 ℃, the distance between the front end of the nozzle and the surface of the base material is 20mm, and the transverse moving speed of the nozzle is 10 mm/s;
and step 3: carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ for about 3-10 hours to enable the surface of the titanium alloy to be metallurgically bonded with the TiAl coating, wherein the TiAl coating is mainly made of a TiAl intermetallic compound;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 3:1 again to uniformly mix the Al powder and the Ti powder; then, preparing a second cold spraying coating on the surface of the TiAl coating according to the process parameters in the step 2, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5-10 um;
and 5: and (3) carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 600-800 ℃ for about 3-5 hours, so that the contents of Ti and Al in the cold-sprayed coating are in gradient distribution from the surface of the titanium alloy to the surface of the TiAl coating, the content of Ti in the coating is gradually reduced, the content of Al is gradually increased, and a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with a step concentration gradient is formed.
Further, the preparation of the pure Al intermediate layer comprises the following steps:
step 6: and (3) adopting Al powder with the purity of more than 99.5%, and then performing a third cold spraying layer preparation on the surface of the Ti-Al alloy transition layer according to the process parameters in the step (2), wherein the thickness of the coating is 10-20 mu m, so as to form a pure Al intermediate layer.
Further, the preparation of the wear-resistant insulating coating is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) firstly, grinding the pure Al intermediate layer by using No. 1000 terrazzo paper to ensure that the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer is microscopically smooth and the thickness of the pure Al intermediate layer is not less than 10 mu m;
(2) the main component of the chemical conversion solution is one or more of fluorozirconate, fluorotitanate, meta-aluminate and silicate; the concentration is 2-15 g/L; the solution is alkalescent;
(3) in order to promote film formation, 2-5 g/L of sodium citrate is added as a promoter; adding 0.5-2 g/L calcium hydroxide to increase the micro-smoothness of the film;
(4) the temperature of the film forming solution is controlled to be 20-35 ℃, the time is 1-6 hours, and the film thickness is 4-10 mu m, so that the wear-resistant insulating coating mainly comprising aluminum oxide is formed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, firstly adopts a cold spraying technology, prepares a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with Al concentration gradient and a pure Al intermediate layer on the surface of the titanium alloy by controlling the mixing ratio of Al powder and Ti powder, and then adopts a chemical conversion method to prepare a wear-resistant insulating coating mainly comprising aluminum oxide on the surface of the intermediate layer. The invention firstly adopts the cold spraying technology, prepares a transition layer with step Al concentration and a pure Al intermediate layer through multiple cold spraying, and then prepares the transition layer and the pure Al intermediate layer in a weak stateIn the alkaline salt solution system, Al is obtained by chemical conversion technology2O3、SiO2Mainly comprises a uniform oxide film of zirconium-titanium oxide. The oxide film has good wear-resistant insulating property, the preparation method adopts a low-power-consumption cold spraying technology and an environment-friendly low-cost chemical conversion solution, the process is simple, economical and practical, the wear resistance and galvanic corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy are improved, and the application of the titanium alloy is promoted.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating formed by the method of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating formed by the method of the present invention. The method for producing such a coating is as follows:
A. cold spraying: preparing a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with Al concentration gradient and a pure Al intermediate layer on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate by controlling the mixing ratio of Al powder and Ti powder;
B. chemical conversion: and preparing a wear-resistant insulating coating mainly consisting of aluminum oxide on the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer.
Further, the Ti-Al alloy transition layer is operated according to the following steps:
step 1: firstly, mechanically sandblasting the surface of the titanium alloy to ensure that the surface is microscopically uneven;
step 2: adjusting the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 1:1, and uniformly mixing the Al powder and the Ti powder, wherein the purity of the powder is not lower than 99.95%, and the particle size is 10-100 um; preparing a TiAl metal coating with the thickness of 5-10 um on the surface of the titanium alloy by adopting a cold spraying method, wherein the cold spraying process parameters are as follows: adopting compressed nitrogen as gas, wherein the spraying pressure is 2.8-3.2 MPa, the gas preheating temperature is 400 ℃, the distance between the front end of the nozzle and the surface of the base material is 20mm, and the transverse moving speed of the nozzle is 10 mm/s;
and step 3: carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 500-600 ℃ for about 3-10 hours to enable the surface of the titanium alloy to be metallurgically bonded with the TiAl coating, wherein the TiAl coating is mainly made of a TiAl intermetallic compound;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 3:1 again to uniformly mix the Al powder and the Ti powder; then, preparing a second cold spraying coating on the surface of the TiAl coating according to the process parameters in the step 2, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5-10 um;
and 5: and (3) carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 600-800 ℃ for about 3-5 hours, so that the contents of Ti and Al in the cold-sprayed coating are in gradient distribution from the surface of the titanium alloy to the surface of the TiAl coating, the content of Ti in the coating is gradually reduced, the content of Al is gradually increased, and a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with a step concentration gradient is formed.
Further, the preparation of the pure Al intermediate layer comprises the following steps:
step 6: and (3) adopting Al powder with the purity of more than 99.5%, and then performing a third cold spraying layer preparation on the surface of the Ti-Al alloy transition layer according to the process parameters in the step (2), wherein the thickness of the coating is 10-20 mu m, so as to form a pure Al intermediate layer.
Further, the preparation of the wear-resistant insulating coating is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) firstly, grinding the pure Al intermediate layer by using No. 1000 terrazzo paper to ensure that the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer is microscopically smooth and the thickness of the pure Al intermediate layer is not less than 10 mu m;
(2) the main component of the chemical conversion solution is one or more of fluorozirconate, fluorotitanate, meta-aluminate and silicate; the concentration is 2-15 g/L; the solution is alkalescent;
(3) in order to promote film formation, 2-5 g/L of sodium citrate is added as a promoter; adding 0.5-2 g/L calcium hydroxide to increase the micro-smoothness of the film;
(4) the temperature of the film forming solution is controlled to be 20-35 ℃, the time is 1-6 hours, and the film thickness is 4-10 mu m, so that the wear-resistant insulating coating mainly comprising aluminum oxide is formed.
Specific examples are:
pretreatment:
firstly, mechanically sandblasting the TC4 titanium alloy surface by using carborundum to ensure that the surface is microscopically uneven.
Cold spraying:
firstly, adjusting the mass ratio of Al powder to Ti powder to be 1:1, and uniformly mixing the Al powder and the Ti powder, wherein the purity of the powder is not lower than 99.95%, and the particle size is 10-100 um; TiAl metal coating with the thickness of 10um is prepared on the surface of TC4 titanium alloy by adopting a cold spraying method, wherein the technological parameters of the cold spraying are shown in Table 1. And (3) carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 500 ℃ for about 6 hours to enable the TC4 titanium alloy surface to be metallurgically bonded with the TiAl coating, wherein the TiAl coating is mainly made of TiAl intermetallic compounds.
And regulating the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 3:1 again to uniformly mix the Al powder and the Ti powder. Then, a second cold spraying layer is prepared on the surface of the TiAl coating according to the process parameters shown in the table 1, and the thickness of the coating is 10 mu m. And (3) carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 800 ℃ for about 5 hours, so that the contents of Ti and Al in the cold-sprayed coating are in gradient distribution from the surface of the TC4 titanium alloy to the surface of the TiAl coating, the content of Ti in the coating is gradually reduced, the content of Al is gradually increased, and a transition layer with step concentration gradient is formed.
And finally, adopting Al powder with the purity of more than 99.5%, and then carrying out a third cold spraying coating on the surface of the transition layer according to the process parameters shown in the table 1 to prepare the coating with the thickness of about 20 microns.
TABLE 1 titanium alloy TC4 Cold spray Process parameters
| Item of parameter | Process parameters |
| Compressed gas | Nitrogen gas |
| Transverse moving speed of nozzle | 10mm/s |
| Pressure of spraying | 3.2MPa |
| Gas (es)Preheating temperature | 400℃ |
| Distance of nozzle front end from substrate surface | 20mm |
Chemical conversion:
firstly, the pure Al metal layer on the outermost layer of the cold spraying layer is polished by 1000# water abrasive paper, so that the surface of the pure Al metal layer is microscopically smooth, and the thickness of the pure Al metal layer is not less than 10 mu m. The main components of the chemical conversion are fluorozirconate, fluorotitanate, metaaluminate and silicate, the concentration is 10g/L, and the solution is weakly alkaline. Meanwhile, 3g/L of sodium citrate as a film forming promoter is added, and 1g/L of calcium hydroxide is added to increase the micro-smoothness of the film layer. The temperature of the film forming solution is controlled at 25 ℃, the film forming time is 2 hours, and the film thickness is 10 mu m.
After the film formation is finished, the film is cleaned by tap water and dried by cold air, and then the physical property test is carried out. Wherein, hardness was measured using a microhardness meter, insulation resistance was measured using a surface resistance tester, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 hardness and insulation resistance test results for titanium alloy abrasion resistant insulation coatings
| Test items | Test point 1 | Test point 2 | Test point 3 | Test point 4 |
| Hardness (Hv) | 580 | 600 | 620 | 610 |
| Insulation resistance (M omega) | 100 | 120 | 110 | 150 |
Comparative test:
first, 5 pieces of the same size titanium alloy specimen were used, and each piece was tested at 4 points.
Specifically grouping:
the method adopting the process of the invention is group A,
adopting the ion permeation technology in the background technology as B group,
adopting micro-arc oxidation technology in the background technology as group C,
adopting a single cold spraying technology is the group D,
adopting the fluorozirconate conversion coating technology as group E,
for comparison, the following table is presented.
| Group A | Test point 1 | Test point 2 | Test point 3 | Test point 4 |
| Hardness (Hv) | 580 | 600 | 620 | 610 |
| Insulation resistance (M omega) | 100 | 120 | 110 | 150 |
| Group B | Test point 1 | Test point 2 | Test point 3 | Test point 4 |
| Hardness (Hv) | 550 | 560 | 570 | 560 |
| Insulation resistance (M omega) | 80 | 90 | 80 | 100 |
| Group C | Test point 1 | Test point 2 | Test point 3 | Test point 4 |
| Hardness (Hv) | 540 | 560 | 520 | 530 |
| Insulation resistance (M omega) | 70 | 90 | 100 | 80 |
| Group E | Test point 1 | Test point 2 | Test point 3 | Test point 4 |
| Hardness (Hv) | 320 | 300 | 280 | 270 |
| Insulation resistance (M omega) | 60 | 80 | 70 | 80 |
From the above, it was found that the present invention (i.e., group a) is excellent in both the indexes of wear resistance and insulation. In addition, the cold spraying technology and the chemical conversion process have low power consumption and simple use method. Therefore, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, firstly adopts the cold spraying technology, prepares a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with Al concentration gradient and a pure Al intermediate layer on the surface of the titanium alloy by controlling the mixing ratio of Al powder and Ti powder, and then adopts a chemical conversion method to prepare the wear-resistant insulating coating mainly comprising alumina on the surface of the intermediate layer. The invention firstly adopts a cold spraying technology, prepares a transition layer with step Al concentration and a pure Al intermediate layer through multiple cold spraying, and then obtains a uniform oxide film which mainly comprises Al2O3 and SiO2 and contains zirconium-titanium oxide in a weak alkaline salt solution system through a chemical conversion technology. The oxide film has good wear-resistant insulating property, the preparation method adopts a low-power-consumption cold spraying technology and an environment-friendly low-cost chemical conversion solution, the process is simple, economical and practical, the wear resistance and galvanic corrosion resistance of the titanium alloy are improved, and the application of the titanium alloy is promoted.
Claims (1)
1. The preparation method of the titanium alloy wear-resistant insulating coating is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. cold spraying: preparing a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with Al concentration gradient and a pure Al intermediate layer on the surface of a titanium alloy substrate by controlling the mixing ratio of Al powder and Ti powder;
the preparation of the Ti-Al alloy transition layer and the pure Al intermediate layer is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1: firstly, mechanically sandblasting the surface of the titanium alloy to ensure that the surface is microscopically uneven;
step 2: adjusting the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 1:1, and uniformly mixing the Al powder and the Ti powder, wherein the purity of the powder is not lower than 99.95%, and the particle size is 10-100 um; preparing a TiAl metal coating with the thickness of 5-10 um on the surface of the titanium alloy by adopting a cold spraying method, wherein the cold spraying process parameters are as follows: adopting compressed nitrogen as gas, wherein the spraying pressure is 2.8-3.2 MPa, the gas preheating temperature is 400 ℃, the distance between the front end of the nozzle and the surface of the base material is 20mm, and the transverse moving speed of the nozzle is 10 mm/s;
and step 3: carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at 500-600 ℃ for 3-10 hours to enable the surface of the titanium alloy to be metallurgically bonded with the TiAl coating, wherein the TiAl coating is mainly made of a TiAl intermetallic compound;
and 4, step 4: adjusting the mass ratio of the Al powder to the Ti powder to be 3:1 again, and uniformly mixing; then, preparing a second cold spraying coating on the surface of the TiAl coating according to the process parameters in the step 2, wherein the thickness of the coating is 5-10 um;
and 5: carrying out thermal diffusion treatment on the sprayed test piece at the temperature of 600-800 ℃ for 3-5 hours to ensure that the contents of Ti and Al in the cold-sprayed coating are in gradient distribution from the surface of the titanium alloy to the surface of the TiAl coating, the content of Ti in the coating is gradually reduced, and the content of Al is gradually increased to form a Ti-Al alloy transition layer with gradient concentration;
step 6: adopting Al powder with the purity of more than 99.5%, and then performing a third cold spraying layer preparation on the surface of the Ti-Al alloy transition layer according to the process parameters in the step 2, wherein the thickness of the coating is 10-20 mu m, so as to form a pure Al intermediate layer;
B. chemical conversion: preparing a wear-resistant insulating coating mainly consisting of aluminum oxide on the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer;
the preparation of the wear-resistant insulating coating is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) firstly, grinding the pure Al intermediate layer by using No. 1000 terrazzo paper to ensure that the surface of the pure Al intermediate layer is microscopically smooth and the thickness of the pure Al intermediate layer is not less than 10 mu m;
(2) the main component of the chemical conversion solution is one or more of fluorozirconate, fluorotitanate, meta-aluminate and silicate; the concentration is 2-15 g/L; the solution is alkalescent;
(3) in order to promote film formation, 2-5 g/L of sodium citrate is added as a promoter; adding 0.5-2 g/L calcium hydroxide to increase the micro-smoothness of the film;
(4) the temperature of the film forming solution is controlled to be 20-35 ℃, the time is 1-6 hours, and the film thickness is 4-10 mu m, so that the wear-resistant insulating coating mainly comprising aluminum oxide is formed.
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