CN110684908A - Preparation method of homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting - Google Patents
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Abstract
A preparation method of a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting comprises the steps of weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metal chromium according to the nominal components of the titanium-aluminum alloy ingot, uniformly mixing the titanium sponge, the niobium-titanium alloy and the metal chromium, pressing electrode blocks after distributing the aluminum beans in multiple layers, and welding the electrode blocks to form electrodes; carrying out primary smelting on the electrode to obtain a primary ingot; and welding the primary ingot, and smelting for the second time to obtain the homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting. In the invention, Al and Cr are respectively added in the form of aluminum beans and chromium metal, Nb is added in the form of niobium-titanium intermediate alloy with low impurity element content such as Fe, C and the like, and the uniformity of alloy components can be improved by twice smelting. The method has simple and operable process, and can obtain the titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for homogenizing casting, wherein the content deviation of the Al element is less than +/-0.5%, the content deviation of the Nb element is less than +/-0.05%, and the content of the O element is less than 0.07 wt.%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of titanium-aluminum alloy preparation, and relates to a preparation method of a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting.
Background
The TiAl intermetallic compound has the plasticity of metal and the high temperature strength of ceramic, and is light and high in strength, so that it is expected to be used in high temperature structural parts, such as aeronautics, astronautics, automobile engines, etc. According to the difference of forming technologies, TiAl alloys are divided into cast TiAl alloys and deformed TiAl alloys, and as the low-temperature plasticity of the TiAl alloys causes a forging stock to crack easily in the deformation processing process, TiAl alloy parts are often prepared by adopting a near-net forming technology, wherein the TiAl alloys prepared by a precision casting method have the advantages of low cost, easy direct forming and the like, but the prepared TiAl alloys have low component uniformity, and the defects of more loose shrinkage cavities and the like are generated in the solidification process.
The main components in the TiAl alloy are Ti, Al, Nb, Cr and the like, the difference between the melting point and the density of the components is large, and the nonequilibrium solidification segregation coefficients are also different, so that the problem of uneven distribution of components in the ingot is caused, particularly, the element Al with high content is easy to float upwards in the molten liquid due to small density and serious burning loss, and usually has 2 at.% of macrosegregation, the situation that the high-melting-point element Nb is not alloyed after the smelting is finished, the component segregation causes uneven tissue, and the ingot can directly crack when the melting is serious, so that the subsequent hot working can not be carried out, and the expected performance requirements can not be met. The content of the impurity element O also affects the performance of the cast TiAl alloy parts, so the increment of the O element is also strictly controlled. These melting characteristics of the TiAl alloy lead to difficulties in obtaining a cast TiAl alloy ingot having a uniform composition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to control the distribution of alloy elements during ingot preparation and provides a method for preparing a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a preparation method of a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting comprises the following steps:
1) electrode preparation
Weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metal chromium according to the nominal components of a titanium-aluminum alloy ingot, then uniformly mixing the titanium sponge, the niobium-titanium alloy and the metal chromium, pressing electrode blocks after distributing the aluminum beans in multiple layers, and welding the pressed electrode blocks into an electrode;
2) one-time smelting
Carrying out primary smelting on the electrode welded in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a primary ingot;
3) secondary smelting
And (3) flatting the primary ingot obtained in the step 2), then carrying out end-to-end welding or sawing, then carrying out tailor welding, and carrying out secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain the homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting.
The further improvement of the invention lies in the nominal composition of the titanium-aluminium alloy ingot being Ti-47.5Al-2Nb-2Cr or Ti-48Al-2Nb-2 Cr.
The invention is further improved in that the titanium sponge is zero-order titanium sponge with the granularity of 2-12.7 mm.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 2), the conditions of primary smelting are as follows: the vacuum degree of smelting is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10- 1Pa, smelting current of 2.0-8.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-30V and arc stabilizing current of DC 4-9A.
The further improvement of the invention is that in the step 3), the conditions of the secondary smelting are as follows: the vacuum degree of smelting is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10- 1Pa, smelting current of 9.0-12.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-30V and arc stabilizing current of AC 5.0-9.0A.
The invention has the further improvement that during the secondary smelting, the stirring period is 10-20 s, and the feeding time is 15-20 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metallic chromium are adopted as raw materials according to the nominal components of the titanium-aluminum alloy ingot, Al and Cr are respectively added in the form of aluminum beans and metallic chromium, Nb is added in the form of niobium-titanium intermediate alloy with low impurity element content such as Fe and C, and the uniformity of the alloy components can be improved by twice smelting. The method has simple and operable process, and can obtain the titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for homogenizing casting, wherein the content deviation of the Al element is less than +/-0.5%, the content deviation of the Nb element is less than +/-0.05%, and the content of the O element is less than 0.07 wt.%.
Furthermore, during primary smelting, low smelting voltage and smelting current are adopted for smelting, so that the burning loss of Al element is reduced while all alloys can be fully melted, and during secondary smelting, higher smelting voltage and higher smelting current are adopted to further homogenize the chemical components of the alloys; the arc stabilizing current is reasonably set, and the stirring time is properly prolonged, so that the alloy can be fully stirred, and the uniformity of alloy components is further improved; the subsequent casting process needs to be smelted again, so that the feeding time does not need to be too long, and the finished ingot does not need to be sawn to form a riser.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples.
In the invention, high-grade sponge titanium (strictly selected) with low impurity content, high-purity aluminum beans and metal chromium, niobium and titanium intermediate alloy are selected as raw materials; welding the electrode block in a vacuum plasma welding box; twice vacuum consumable arc melting is adopted, when the first melting is carried out, the melting is carried out by adopting low melting voltage and current, the full melting of all alloys can be ensured, meanwhile, the burning loss of Al element is reduced, when the second melting is carried out, the higher melting voltage and current are adopted to lead the chemical components to be homogenized, the arc stabilizing current is reasonably set, the stirring time is properly prolonged, the component uniformity can be further improved, and the feeding time does not need to be too long because the subsequent casting is carried out again; through the coordination control of the processes, the titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for the homogenization casting with the specification of phi 160-360 mm, wherein the content deviation of Al element is less than +/-0.5%, the content deviation of Nb element is less than +/-0.05%, and the content of O element is less than 0.07 wt.%, is obtained.
The invention provides a preparation method of a titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) raw material preparation
The ratio of Al element is properly improved, and the ratio of Nb and Cr elements is the median. Al and Cr are respectively added in the form of high-purity aluminum beans and metal chromium, Nb is added in the form of niobium-titanium intermediate alloy with low impurity element content such as Fe and C, and zero-order sponge titanium with the particle size of 2-12.7 mm is selected as a substrate material;
2) electrode preparation
Weighing the spongy titanium matrix and the intermediate alloy in the step 1) according to the calculated value of a titanium-aluminum alloy ingot, uniformly mixing the spongy titanium and the intermediate alloy except aluminum beans, pressing electrode blocks after the aluminum beans are distributed in multiple layers, and then assembling and welding the pressed electrode blocks in a vacuum plasma welding box to form electrodes;
3) one-time smelting
Carrying out primary smelting on the electrode welded in the step 2) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a primary ingot;
4) secondary smelting
Flatting the primary ingot obtained in the step 3), then performing end-to-end welding or sawing, then performing tailor welding, and performing secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain a finished ingot;
5) peeling the cast ingot, and sampling the head, the middle and the tail at three points to analyze chemical components.
In the step 3), the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 2.0-8.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-30V and arc stabilizing current of DC 4-9A;
in the step 4), the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 9.0-12.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-30V, arc stabilizing current of AC 5.0-9.0A, stirring period of 10-20 s and feeding time of 15-20 min.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
A Ti4722 (nominal composition Ti-47.5Al-2Nb-2Cr, at.%) with a Φ 160mm gauge was prepared for casting a titanium-aluminum alloy ingot:
1) raw material preparation
The Al element proportion (wt.%) is 32.75, the Nb element proportion is 4.8, the Cr element proportion is 2.6, and the intermediate alloy comprises aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metallic chromium;
2) electrode preparation
Weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy, metal chromium and the like according to calculated values, uniformly mixing the titanium sponge and intermediate alloy except the aluminum beans, pressing electrode blocks after the aluminum beans are distributed in multiple layers, and then assembling and welding the pressed electrode blocks in a vacuum plasma welding box to form an electrode;
3) one-time smelting
Respectively taking the welded electrodes in the step 2) as consumable electrodes to carry out primary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain primary ingots with phi of 160mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 2.0-5.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-25V and arc stabilizing current of DC 4A;
4) secondary smelting
Performing butt welding on the primary ingot obtained in the step 3) after flat-head sawing, and performing secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to prepare a finished ingot with the diameter of 160mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 2.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 9.0-10.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-25V, arc stabilizing current of AC 5.0A, stirring period of 10s and feeding time of 15 min;
5) the ingot is peeled, and the head, the middle and the tail are sampled for chemical component analysis (see table 1), the content deviation of Al element is-0.1% -0.2%, the content deviation of Nb element is-0.02% -0.04%, and the content of O element is less than 0.07. The result shows that the content of each element in the ingot is uniformly distributed, and the content of the O element is lower.
TABLE 1 chemical composition (wt.%) of Ti4722 alloy ingot for casting having a diameter of 160mm
Example 2
A casting Ti4722 (nominal composition Ti-47.5Al-2Nb-2Cr, at.%) titanium-aluminum alloy ingot with a Φ 220mm gauge was prepared:
1) raw material preparation
The Al element proportion (wt.%) is 32.85, the Nb element proportion is 4.8, the Cr element proportion is 2.6, and the intermediate alloy comprises aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metal chromium;
2) electrode preparation
Weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy, metal chromium and the like according to calculated values, uniformly mixing the titanium sponge and intermediate alloy except the aluminum beans, pressing electrode blocks after the aluminum beans are distributed in multiple layers, and then assembling and welding the pressed electrode blocks in a vacuum plasma welding box to form an electrode;
3) one-time smelting
Respectively taking the two welded electrodes in the step 2) as consumable electrodes to carry out primary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain two primary ingots with phi of 160mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 5.0-7.0 KA, smelting voltage of 25-28V and arc stabilizing current of DC 6A;
4) secondary smelting
Flatting the two primary ingots obtained in the step 3), welding the two primary ingots end to end, and performing secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to prepare finished ingots with the diameter of 220mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 9.0-10.0 KA, smelting voltage of 25-28V, arc stabilizing current of AC 6.0A, stirring period of 15s and feeding time of 17 min;
5) the ingot is peeled, and the head, the middle and the tail are sampled for chemical component analysis (see table 2), the content deviation of Al element is-0.37% -0.43%, the content deviation of Nb element is-0.03% -0.02%, and the content of O element is less than 0.07. The result shows that the content of each element in the ingot is uniformly distributed, and the content of the O element is lower.
TABLE 2 chemical composition (wt.%) of Ti4722 alloy ingot for casting having a phi 220mm gauge
Example 3
A casting Ti4722 (nominal composition Ti-47.5Al-2Nb-2Cr, at.%) titanium-aluminum alloy ingot with a Φ 360mm gauge was prepared:
1) raw material preparation
The Al element proportion (wt.%) is 32.85, the Nb element proportion is 4.8, the Cr element proportion is 2.6, and the intermediate alloy comprises aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metal chromium;
2) electrode preparation
Weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy, metal chromium and the like according to calculated values, uniformly mixing the titanium sponge and intermediate alloy except the aluminum beans, pressing electrode blocks after the aluminum beans are distributed in multiple layers, and then assembling and welding the pressed electrode blocks in a vacuum plasma welding box to form an electrode;
3) one-time smelting
Respectively taking the two welded electrodes in the step 2) as consumable electrodes to carry out primary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain two primary ingots with the diameter of 360mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 7.0-8.0 KA, smelting voltage of 25-30V and arc stabilizing current of DC 9A;
4) secondary smelting
Peeling the two primary ingots obtained in the step 3), welding the two primary ingots end to end, and performing secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to prepare finished ingots with the diameter of 360mm by taking the ingots as consumable electrodes, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 11.0-12.0 KA, smelting voltage of 25-30V, arc stabilizing current of AC 9A, stirring period of 20s and feeding time of 20 min;
5) the ingot is peeled, and the head, the middle and the tail are sampled for chemical component analysis (see table 3), the content deviation of Al element is-0.1% -0.2%, the content deviation of Nb element is-0.01%, and the content of O element is less than 0.07. The result shows that the content of each element in the ingot is uniformly distributed, and the content of the O element is lower.
TABLE 3 chemical composition (wt.%) of Ti4722 alloy ingot for casting having a phi 360mm gauge
Example 4
A casting Ti4822 (nominal composition Ti-48Al-2Nb-2Cr, at.%) titanium-aluminum alloy ingot with a Φ 220mm gauge was prepared:
1) raw material preparation
The Al element proportion (wt.%) is 34.85, the Nb element proportion is 4.2, the Cr element proportion is 2.5, and the intermediate alloy comprises aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metal chromium;
2) electrode preparation
Weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy, metal chromium and the like according to calculated values, uniformly mixing the titanium sponge and intermediate alloy except the aluminum beans, pressing electrode blocks after the aluminum beans are distributed in multiple layers, and then assembling and welding the pressed electrode blocks in a vacuum plasma welding box to form an electrode;
3) one-time smelting
Respectively taking the two welded electrodes in the step 2) as consumable electrodes to carry out primary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain two primary ingots with phi of 160mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 5.0-7.0 KA, smelting voltage of 25-28V and arc stabilizing current of DC 6A;
4) secondary smelting
Flatting the two primary ingots obtained in the step 3), welding the two primary ingots end to end, placing the ingots in an inverted furnace as a consumable electrode, and carrying out secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to prepare finished ingots with the diameter of 220mm, wherein the smelting vacuum degree is less than or equal to 3.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 9.0-10.0 KA, smelting voltage of 25-30V, arc stabilizing current of AC 6.0A, stirring period of 15s and feeding time of 18 min;
5) the ingot is peeled, and the head, the middle and the tail are sampled for chemical component analysis (see table 4), the content deviation of Al element is-0.15%, the content deviation of Nb element is-0.01%, and the content of O element is less than 0.07. The result shows that the content of each element in the ingot is uniformly distributed, and the content of the O element is lower.
TABLE 4 chemical composition (wt.%) of Ti4822 alloy ingot for casting having a phi 220mm gauge
The invention can ensure that the homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot can be obtained only by adjusting the smelting current and voltage and coordinating and controlling the processes of raw material preparation, material mixing, electrode preparation and smelting, and the homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot prepared by the invention is used for casting, the smelting process parameters have specificity and the component uniformity is ensured.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) electrode preparation
Weighing titanium sponge, aluminum beans, niobium-titanium alloy and metal chromium according to the nominal components of a titanium-aluminum alloy ingot, then uniformly mixing the titanium sponge, the niobium-titanium alloy and the metal chromium, pressing electrode blocks after distributing the aluminum beans in multiple layers, and welding the pressed electrode blocks into an electrode;
2) one-time smelting
Carrying out primary smelting on the electrode welded in the step 1) in a vacuum consumable arc furnace to obtain a primary ingot;
3) secondary smelting
And (3) flatting the primary ingot obtained in the step 2), then carrying out end-to-end welding or sawing, then carrying out tailor welding, and carrying out secondary smelting in a vacuum consumable electric arc furnace as a consumable electrode to obtain the homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting.
2. A method of producing a homogenized casting titanium aluminium alloy ingot according to claim 1, characterized in that the nominal composition of the titanium aluminium alloy ingot is Ti-47.5Al-2Nb-2Cr or Ti-48Al-2Nb-2 Cr.
3. The method of preparing a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting according to claim 1, wherein the titanium sponge is zero-order titanium sponge having a grain size of 2-12.7 mm.
4. The method of producing a homogenized titanium aluminum alloy ingot for casting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2), the conditions for the primary melting are as follows: the vacuum degree of smelting is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 2.0-8.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-30V and arc stabilizing current of DC 4-9A.
5. Method for producing a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting according to claim 1The method is characterized in that in the step 3), the conditions of secondary smelting are as follows: the vacuum degree of smelting is less than or equal to 5.0 multiplied by 10-1Pa, smelting current of 9.0-12.0 KA, smelting voltage of 22-30V and arc stabilizing current of AC 5.0-9.0A.
6. The method for producing a homogenized titanium-aluminum alloy ingot for casting according to claim 1 or 5, wherein the stirring period is 10 to 20 seconds and the feeding time is 15 to 20 minutes in the secondary melting.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN114959361A (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2022-08-30 | 芜湖天科航空科技有限公司 | TiAl alloy capable of precipitating large amount of ordered omega phase and preparation method thereof |
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