CN110682085B - Shafting centering method - Google Patents

Shafting centering method Download PDF

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CN110682085B
CN110682085B CN201911055627.6A CN201911055627A CN110682085B CN 110682085 B CN110682085 B CN 110682085B CN 201911055627 A CN201911055627 A CN 201911055627A CN 110682085 B CN110682085 B CN 110682085B
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centered
shaft assembly
deviation
centering
shafting
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CN110682085A (en
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崔俊峰
丁佐
徐智杰
陈亮
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China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co Ltd
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China Shipbuilding Power Engineering Institute Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23PMETAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P19/00Machines for simply fitting together or separating metal parts or objects, or metal and non-metal parts, whether or not involving some deformation; Tools or devices therefor so far as not provided for in other classes
    • B23P19/10Aligning parts to be fitted together
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/16Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring distance of clearance between spaced objects

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • A Measuring Device Byusing Mechanical Method (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of shafting connection, and particularly discloses a shafting centering method. The shafting includes reference shaft, treats centering shaft subassembly, treats centering connector and lifting device. The first end of the shaft assembly to be centered is rotatably connected to the connecting body to be centered, and the lifting device adjusts the position of the connecting body to be centered to change the position of the shaft assembly to be centered, so that the second end of the shaft assembly to be centered is centered with the first end of the reference shaft assembly. The shafting centering method comprises the following steps: measuring circle run-out of the second end of the shaft assembly to be centered, the distance between the center line of the first end of the reference shaft assembly and the rotating axis at the second end of the shaft assembly to be centered, namely center deviation, in the vertical direction, and the end surface deviation of the first end surface of the reference shaft assembly and the second end surface of the shaft assembly to be centered; and adjusting the lifting device according to the measured value. The shafting centering method provided by the invention can effectively reduce the centering time, improve the centering efficiency and improve the shafting centering precision.

Description

Shafting centering method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shafting connection, in particular to a shafting centering method.
Background
The heavy industry often encounters the centering problem of heavy shafting in the production process, the quality of shafting centering directly influences the static balance, dynamic balance, mechanical vibration, noise and the life of connector, and the condition of shafting centering is different respectively, and one of them condition is rigid connection, respectively stretches out a section axle on benchmark connector and the connector of waiting to center. In the prior art, based on the situation, the time required for centering two shafts is long, the efficiency is low, and the precision after centering is low.
Therefore, in order to solve this problem, an axis alignment method is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a shafting centering method to solve the problems of low shafting centering precision and low efficiency.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a shaft system centering method comprises a datum shaft assembly, a shaft assembly to be centered, a connecting body to be centered and a lifting device; the first end of the shaft assembly to be centered is rotatably connected to the connecting body to be centered; the lifting device changes the position of the shaft assembly to be centered by adjusting the position of the connecting body to be centered, so that the second end of the shaft assembly to be centered is centered with the first end of the reference shaft assembly; the shafting centering method comprises the following steps:
step S1: measuring the circular runout B of the second end of the centering shaft assembly to be measured;
measuring a central deviation C, wherein the central deviation C is the distance between the central line of the first end of the reference shaft assembly and the rotating axis of the second end of the centering shaft assembly to be aligned in the vertical direction;
measuring end face deviation D, wherein the end face deviation D is the end face deviation of a first end face of the reference shaft assembly and a second end face of the shaft assembly to be centered;
step S2: and adjusting the lifting device according to the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D, and enabling C-B to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to C1 and D to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1, wherein C1 is the central deviation limit, and D1 is the end surface deviation limit.
Preferably, the reference shaft assembly comprises a reference shaft and a first flange fixedly connected to a first end of the reference shaft; the shaft to be centered comprises a shaft to be centered and a second flange, and the second flange is fixedly connected to the second end of the shaft to be centered; the center deviation C in step S1 is the distance between the center line of the end face of the first flange and the rotation axis of the end face of the second flange in the vertical direction; the end surface deviation D is the end surface deviation of the end surface of the first flange and the end surface of the second flange.
Preferably, step S2 is followed by the following steps:
step S3: and fixedly connecting the datum shaft assembly with the shaft assembly to be centered.
Preferably, step S3 is preceded by the steps of:
and measuring the circular run-out A at the first end of the reference shaft assembly, and rotating the reference shaft assembly according to the circular run-out A and the circular run-out B to enable the reference shaft assembly and the centering shaft assembly to be eccentric in the same direction.
Preferably, the lifting device is a gasket, the bottom of the to-be-centered connecting body is provided with a plurality of lifting positions, and each lifting position is provided with a gasket.
Preferably, treat that the centering shaft subassembly wears to locate through two at least bearings and treat the centering connector, the lifting device sets up in the bottom of treating the centering connector, all is provided with two sets of lifting devices under every bearing, and two sets of lifting devices are symmetrical about the axis of treating the centering shaft subassembly.
Preferably, the shaft system further includes a fixing mechanism, and step S2 further includes:
after the lifting device is adjusted, the fixing mechanism is enabled to fix the connecting body to be centered.
Preferably, the fixing mechanism is an anchor bolt.
Preferably, step S2 is followed by the following steps:
step S21: and measuring the values of the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D again, and verifying whether the values of C-B and D are more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to C1 and more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1.
Preferably, the shaft system further comprises a reference connection body, and the second end of the reference shaft assembly is rotatably connected to the reference connection body.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the adjustment quantity of the lifting device can be quickly calculated according to the numerical values of the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D, after the lifting device is adjusted, the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D are measured again, and centering can be completed when set conditions are met. The shafting centering method provided by the invention can reduce shafting centering time, improve centering efficiency, improve centering precision and is beneficial to reducing vibration degree after two shafts are connected.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a shafting provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a calculation process of shim adjustment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a reference linker; 2-a reference shaft assembly; 3-intermediate shaft connecting bolt; 4-centering the shaft assembly; 5-linker to be centered; 6-foundation bolts; 7-a gasket; 8-first position of the axis of rotation; 9-second position of the axis of rotation; 101-a first fulcrum; 102-second fulcrum.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some but not all of the elements associated with the present invention are shown in the drawings.
In the invention, orientation words are defined, and in the case that no opposite explanation is made, the use of the orientation words such as "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" means that the shafting provided by the invention is defined under the normal use condition, and is consistent with the up-down, left-right direction shown in the figure, and the "inner" and "outer" mean the inner and outer relative to the outline of each part per se. These directional terms are used for ease of understanding and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description of the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning permanently connected, removably connected, or integral to one another; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment provides a shafting centering method for improving shafting centering efficiency and precision.
As shown in fig. 1, in the shaft system centering method provided in this embodiment, the shaft system includes a reference shaft assembly 2, a shaft assembly 4 to be centered, a connecting body 5 to be centered, and a lifting device; the first end of the shaft assembly to be centered 4 is rotatably connected to the connecting body to be centered 5; the lifting device changes the position of the shaft assembly 4 to be centered by adjusting the position of the connecting body 5 to be centered, so that the second end of the shaft assembly 4 to be centered is centered with the first end of the reference shaft assembly 2.
The shafting centering method comprises the following steps:
step S1: measuring the circular runout B of the second end of the centering shaft assembly 4;
measuring a central deviation C, wherein the central deviation C is a distance between a central line of a first end of the reference shaft assembly 2 and a rotating axis of a second end of the centering shaft assembly 4 to be centered in the vertical direction;
and measuring end surface deviation D, wherein the end surface deviation D is the end surface deviation of the first end surface of the reference shaft assembly 2 and the second end surface of the centering shaft assembly 4 to be centered.
Step S2: and adjusting the lifting device according to the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D, and enabling C-B to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to C1 and D to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1, wherein C1 is the central deviation limit, and D1 is the end surface deviation limit.
The adjustment quantity of the lifting device can be quickly calculated according to the numerical values of the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D, after the lifting device is adjusted, the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D are measured again, and centering can be achieved when set conditions are met. The shafting centering method provided by the invention can reduce shafting centering time, improve centering efficiency and improve centering precision.
In the present embodiment, the reference shaft assembly 2 includes a reference shaft and a first flange, the first flange is fixedly connected to a first end of the reference shaft; the shaft assembly to be centered 4 comprises a shaft to be centered and a second flange, and the second flange is fixedly connected to the second end of the shaft to be centered. The center deviation C in step S1 is the distance in the vertical direction between the center line of the end face of the first flange and the rotation axis of the end face of the second flange. The end face deviation D is an end face deviation of the end face of the first flange and the end face of the second flange.
Preferably, step S2 is followed by the following steps:
step S3: the reference shaft assembly 2 and the shaft assembly 4 to be centered are fixedly connected.
When the two shafts meet the centering condition, the two shafts can be fixedly connected.
Preferably, step S3 is preceded by the steps of: and measuring the circular run-out A at the first end of the reference shaft assembly 2, and rotating the reference shaft assembly 2 according to the circular run-out A and the circular run-out B to enable the reference shaft assembly 2 and the centering shaft assembly 4 to be eccentric in the same direction. The same-direction eccentricity is beneficial to reducing the vibration caused by the eccentric rotation of the two shafts, and the centering precision can be improved.
Specifically, the lifting device is a gasket 7, the bottom of the to-be-centered connecting body 5 is provided with a plurality of lifting positions, and each lifting position is provided with a gasket 7. The height of the centering connecting body 5 to be adjusted by adjusting the height of the gasket 7 is more concise and efficient, and the stability is high. The lifting position can be other structures, so that the lifting device can adjust the state of the connecting body 5 to be centered from the height and the angle between the lifting device and the horizontal plane, and the lifting device is not limited herein.
Further, treat that centering shaft subassembly 4 wears to locate through two at least bearings and treats centering connector 5, the lifting device sets up in the bottom of treating centering connector 5, all is provided with two sets of lifting devices under every bearing, and these two sets of lifting devices are about the axis symmetry of treating centering shaft subassembly 4. In this embodiment, the lifting device is a spacer 7, and the height of the spacer 7 at different positions can be adjusted to adjust the state of the to-be-centered connecting body 5 from the height and from the angle of the included angle with the horizontal plane, so as to adjust the state of the to-be-centered shaft assembly 4, and align the to-be-centered shaft assembly 4 with the reference shaft assembly 2.
In this embodiment, the shaft system further includes a fixing mechanism, and step S2 further includes: after the lifting device is adjusted, the fixing mechanism is enabled to fix the connecting body to be centered.
Specifically, the fixing mechanism is an anchor bolt 6. The foundation bolt 6 is convenient to disassemble and high in strength. The fixing mechanism may also be of other structures, so as to meet the requirement of fixing the connecting body 5 to be centered, and is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the step S2 is followed by the following steps:
step S21: and measuring the values of the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D again, and verifying whether the values of C-B and D are more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to C1 and more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1.
The values of the center deviation C and the end surface deviation D are measured again in consideration of the deformation of the gasket or the influence of other factors, and if the set requirements are not met, the height of the gasket 7 is continuously adjusted, thereby ensuring the centering accuracy.
In this embodiment, the shaft system further includes a reference connecting body 1, and the second end of the reference shaft assembly 2 is rotatably connected to the reference connecting body 1. Specifically, the reference connecting body 1 is a marine main engine, and the to-be-centered connecting body 5 is a hydraulic dynamometer.
In this embodiment, the method for centering a shaft system provided by the present invention specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: measuring the circular runout A of the end face of the first flange;
measuring the circular runout B of the end face of the second flange;
step 2: measuring the distance between the center line of the end face of the first flange and the rotation axis of the end face of the second flange in the vertical direction, namely the center deviation C;
measuring the end surface deviation D of the end surface of the first flange and the end surface of the second flange;
and step 3: calculating the adjustment amount of the gasket 7, and adjusting the gasket 7;
and 4, step 4: measuring the end face deviation D again, and if the end face deviation D is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1, carrying out the next step, and if the end face deviation D is not more than 0, executing the step 3;
and 5: screwing down the foundation bolts 6;
step 6: measuring the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D again, and entering the next step when the following conditions that C-B is more than or equal to 0 and is more than or equal to C1 and D is more than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to D1 are met, and executing the step 3 if the conditions are not met;
and 7: and (3) rotating the reference shaft assembly 2 according to the values of the two circular runout A and B measured in the step (1), so that the maximum end face runout values of the two flanges are eccentric in the same direction, namely the same direction, and connecting the first flange and the second flange through the intermediate shaft connecting bolt 3.
In this embodiment, A, B, C and D can be measured by a dial gauge, a standard gauge block, a feeler gauge, etc., and are not limited herein.
In the present embodiment, the principle of similar triangle is used for calculating the adjustment amount of the shim 7, as shown in fig. 2, the first position 8 of the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the second flange before the shim 7 is adjusted, and the second position 9 of the rotation axis is the rotation axis of the second flange after the shim 7 is adjusted. In fig. 2, D2 is the diameter length of the second flange, the first fulcrum 101 and the second fulcrum 102 are fulcrums at two bearings, the two shims 7 are symmetrically arranged along the axial direction at positions vertically below the first fulcrum 101 and the second fulcrum 102 respectively, and L1 is the horizontal distance between the first fulcrum 101 and the second fulcrum 102. L2 is the distance between the second fulcrum 102 and the axial end point of one end of the shaft assembly 4 to be centered. X is the height adjusted by the shim 7 at the first fulcrum 101, Y is the height adjusted by the shim 7 at the second fulcrum 102, and alpha is the rotation angle of the rotation axis. As can be derived from the principle of the similar triangle,
Figure BDA0002256474620000081
from this, the values of X and Y can be derived. The horizontal displacement of the two fulcrums can also be obtained according to the same principle, and the adjustment amount of each gasket 7 can be obtained based on the above.
The rotation axis of the shaft assembly 4 to be centered after the shaft end point of one end of the shaft assembly 4 to be centered is centered with the two shafts is adjusted on the same horizontal plane or approximately on the same horizontal plane, which is not limited herein.
In this embodiment, the central deviation limit and the end surface deviation limit are set according to a simulated design and/or design requirements and/or actual working conditions, and are not limited herein.
In the present embodiment, when the central deviation C and the circular run-out B are equal to each other, the first flange rotation axis and the second flange rotation axis are coincident, and in actual operation, the difference between the two values is within a certain range, which also meets the requirement.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other variations and modifications may be made in the foregoing description, and it is not necessary or necessary to exhaustively enumerate all embodiments herein. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The shafting centering method is characterized by comprising a reference shaft assembly (2), a shaft assembly to be centered (4), a connecting body to be centered (5) and a lifting device; the first end of the shaft assembly (4) to be centered is rotatably connected to the connecting body (5) to be centered; the lifting device changes the position of the centering shaft assembly (4) by adjusting the position of the connecting body (5) to be centered, so that the second end of the centering shaft assembly (4) to be centered is centered with the first end of the reference shaft assembly (2); the shafting centering method comprises the following steps:
step S1: measuring the circular run-out B of the second end of the shaft assembly (4) to be centered;
measuring a central deviation C, wherein the central deviation C is the distance between the central line of the first end of the reference shaft assembly (2) and the rotating axis of the second end of the shaft assembly (4) to be centered in the vertical direction;
measuring end face deviation D, wherein the end face deviation D is the end face deviation of the first end face of the reference shaft assembly (2) and the second end face of the shaft assembly (4) to be centered;
step S2: adjusting the lifting device according to the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D, and enabling C-B to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to C1 and D to be more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1, wherein C1 is a central deviation limit, and D1 is an end surface deviation limit;
measuring the circular runout A of the first end of the reference shaft assembly (2), and rotating the reference shaft assembly (2) according to the circular runout A and the circular runout B to enable the reference shaft assembly (2) and the shaft assembly (4) to be centered to be eccentric in the same direction;
step S3: and fixedly connecting the reference shaft assembly (2) with the shaft assembly (4) to be centered.
2. The method for shafting alignment according to claim 1, wherein said reference shaft assembly (2) comprises a reference shaft and a first flange fixedly connected to a first end of said reference shaft; the shaft assembly to be centered (4) comprises a shaft to be centered and a second flange, and the second flange is fixedly connected to the second end of the shaft to be centered; the center deviation C in step S1 is a distance between a center line of the end surface of the first flange and a rotation axis of the end surface of the second flange in the vertical direction; the end surface deviation D is the end surface deviation of the end surface of the first flange and the end surface of the second flange.
3. The method for shafting centering as claimed in claim 1, wherein the lifting device is a spacer (7), and the bottom of the connecting body to be centered (5) is provided with a plurality of lifting positions, and each lifting position is provided with the spacer (7).
4. The shafting centering method according to claim 1, wherein the to-be-centered shaft assembly (4) is inserted into the to-be-centered connecting body (5) through at least two bearings, the lifting devices are arranged at the bottom of the to-be-centered connecting body (5), two sets of the lifting devices are arranged right below each bearing, and the two sets of the lifting devices are symmetrical about the axis of the to-be-centered shaft assembly (4).
5. The method for centering a shaft system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said shaft system further comprises a fixing mechanism, and said step S2 further comprises:
after the lifting device is adjusted, the fixing mechanism is used for fixing the connecting body (5) to be centered.
6. A method in shafting alignment according to claim 5, wherein said fixing means are anchor bolts (6).
7. The method for shafting centering according to claim 1, further comprising the following steps after said step S2:
step S21: and measuring the values of the central deviation C and the end surface deviation D again, and verifying whether C-B is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to C1 and D is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to D1 are met.
8. A method in shafting alignment according to claim 1, wherein said shafting further comprises a reference connection body (1), and a second end of said reference shaft assembly (2) is rotatably connected to said reference connection body (1).
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CN111735384B (en) * 2020-04-28 2021-11-30 南京工程学院 Engine installation measurement and installation method and device based on dynamic interference analysis

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CN105149933A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-16 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 Alignment assembling method for diesel generating set
CN107627101A (en) * 2017-09-01 2018-01-26 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 Shaft assignment device and method
CN109249211A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-01-22 西北农林科技大学 A kind of driving shaft and driven shaft centralising device for agricultural machinery

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010119023A2 (en) * 2009-04-16 2010-10-21 Airbus Operations Gmbh Method for optimising the life cycle of measurement data based on the retroaction during assembling processes whilst being produced
CN104155111A (en) * 2014-08-21 2014-11-19 安徽江淮汽车股份有限公司 Engine erecting dolly centering apparatus and centering method thereof
CN105149933A (en) * 2015-09-24 2015-12-16 中国北车集团大连机车车辆有限公司 Alignment assembling method for diesel generating set
CN107627101A (en) * 2017-09-01 2018-01-26 安徽容知日新科技股份有限公司 Shaft assignment device and method
CN109249211A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-01-22 西北农林科技大学 A kind of driving shaft and driven shaft centralising device for agricultural machinery

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