CN110676827A - 电力电子设备 - Google Patents

电力电子设备 Download PDF

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CN110676827A
CN110676827A CN201910597755.7A CN201910597755A CN110676827A CN 110676827 A CN110676827 A CN 110676827A CN 201910597755 A CN201910597755 A CN 201910597755A CN 110676827 A CN110676827 A CN 110676827A
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varistor
electronic device
power electronic
switch
capacitor bank
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CN110676827B (zh
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卡斯滕·R·汉森
亨宁·马库斯·莫滕森
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Danfoss Power Electronics AS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

描述了一种电力电子设备，该电力电子设备包括连接到电容器组(2)的电网侧(L1、L2、L3)，电容器组(2)经由开关接地。这种电力电子设备应该以低成本用于不同类型的电网中。为此，变阻器(5)与开关并联连接。

Description

电力电子设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电力电子设备，该电力电子设备包括连接到电容器组的电网侧，该电容器组经由开关接地。
背景技术
电力电子设备可以呈例如变频器的形式。变频器包括整流器级、DC链路和逆变器级。
在任何情况下，都应该保护这种电力电子设备免受电网的浪涌。为此，已知使用变阻器作为浪涌抑制器。作为最低限度，为了电力电子设备的稳健性，保护免受差模浪涌电压是必要的，即，免受相之间的浪涌电压。需要免受共模浪涌电压的额外保护，即，免受相和地线之间的浪涌电压。
应该可以在不同类型的电网中使用电力电子设备。一种类型的电网是星形联接电网，另一种类型的电网是三角形联接电网。其他类型的电网也是可能的。
不同类型的电网需要不同的浪涌电压额定值。大多数电力电子设备像变频器被指定在任何电网配置下运行。这要求电容器组能够承受最高的浪涌电压额定值。这增加了电力电子设备的成本。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可以在不同类型的电网中使用的电力电子设备。
该目的是通过如开头所述的电力电子设备实现的，其中，变阻器并联连接到开关。
该开关用于使电力电子设备适应不同类型的电网。当电力电子设备由接地的星形联接电网馈电时，开关闭合。在此阶段，对浪涌电压额定值的要求最低。然而，当电力电子设备由三角形或IT电网馈电时，开关打开。在此阶段，电容器组与变阻器串联，这将串联连接的浪涌额定值增加到全浪涌额定值。
在本发明的实施例中，所述变阻器是金属氧化物变阻器。金属氧化物变阻器可以缩写为MOV。金属氧化物变阻器从工作电压开始具有相当急剧变化(steep)的特性。
在本发明的实施例中，所述变阻器的尺寸被设置为使得所述变阻器在所述变阻器上的电压超过所述开关上的可允许电压之前变为导通的。因此，可以避免开关上的电压过高。开关上的这种过电压会产生电弧，存在开关被毁坏的风险。
在本发明的实施例中，处于导通状态的所述变阻器和所述电容器组形成分压器，其中，所述变阻器将所述电容器组上的电压限制到可允许的水平。当超过一定电压时，变阻器变为导通的。然而，变阻器仍然显示出产生一定电压降的电阻。只有电压降和浪涌电压之间的差值被施加到电容器组。电容器组的尺寸可以被设置为较低的浪涌电压额定值。
在本发明的实施例中，所述开关是板装的(board mounted)继电器。因此，开关可以相当小，在打开状态下触点之间具有对应的小距离。这是可能的，因为开关上的电压可以借助于变阻器来限制。
在本发明的实施例中，所述电容器组包括星形联接电容器的布置。因此，变阻器连接在电容器之间的星点与地线之间。
在本发明的实施例中，差模变阻器连接在相之间。这些变阻器布置在输入端或电网侧，用于差模浪涌保护。
在本发明的实施例中，所述开关是电子可配置的继电器。这样，它可以适应电力电子设备的不同配置。
在本发明的实施例中，所述电网侧连接到无源整流器级。无源整流器级不能被控制，使得不可能使用无源整流器级作为用于保护免受浪涌的装置。
在本发明的实施例中，所述电力电子设备是变频器。变频器包括整流级、DC链路和逆变器级。这种变频器可以在任何电网配置上运行。
附图说明
现在将参考附图更详细地描述本发明的实施例，其中：
图1示出了变频器形式的电力电子设备的示意电路图。
具体实施方式
变频器1形式的电力电子设备包括连接到电容器组2的电网侧L1、L2、L3。电容器组2经由开关4连接到地线3。电容器组包括星形联接电容器的布置，更确切地说是每个相与中点之间的电容。开关4连接在中点和地线3之间。每个电容可以由单个电容器形成，或者由两个或更多个电容器的串联或并联连接形成。
变阻器5与开关4并联连接。变阻器5优选地呈金属氧化物变阻器的形式。
变阻器5是电子部件，它的电阻随着所施加的电压而变化。在低电压时，它具有高电阻，该高电阻随着电压升高而降低。
因此，当出现共模浪涌电压时，变阻器5变为导通的。
变阻器5的尺寸设置为使得它在变阻器上的电压超过开关4上的可允许电压之前变为导通的。因此，可以限制开关上的电压，以避免开关的触点上的电弧。
另外，处于导通阶段中的电容器组和变阻器形成分压器。变阻器5上出现一定的电压降。因此，电容器组2没有被全浪涌电压加载，而仅被全浪涌电压减去变阻器5上的电压降加载。因此，电容器组上的电压可以也受到限制，从而降低了电容器组2过载的风险。
开关4可以是板式安装的继电器，它可以是可电子配置的，如US 2002/0070821 A1中所描述的那样。
附加的变阻器6、7、8的布置形成差模浪涌保护。为此，变阻器6、7、8连接在相和共同的星点9之间。
变频器1的电网侧连接到无源整流级10。整流级被示出为具有无源整流器。不过，也可以使用有源整流器。整流级10连接到具有正轨12和负轨13的DC链路11。差模变阻器14连接在正轨12和负轨13之间。该差模变阻器14并联连接到电容器Cd。
此外，DC链路可以包括两个电感器Ldc，一个电感器在正轨12中，一个电感器在负轨13中。DC链路电容器Cdc可以串联连接在正轨12和负轨13之间。它们可以与由涌入继电器16桥接的电阻器15串联连接。DC链路的其他实施例是可能的。
DC链路11连接到具有多个受控开关的逆变器级17，例如呈半导体开关(如IGBT或GTO)的形式。逆变器级17的输入侧连接到电容Cc。
此外，与二极管19串联的晶体管18可以连接在正轨12和负轨13之间。然而，这些元件是可选的。
当变频器1由具有最低浪涌电压额定值要求的接地星形联接电网馈电时，开关4闭合。电容器组2可以设计用于降低浪涌额定值。
当变频器1由三角形电网馈电时，开关4打开。在这种状态下，电容器组2与变阻器5串联，这使串联连接的浪涌额定值增加到全浪涌额定值。此外，串联的变阻器在接地回路中提供阻尼，确保来自电网侧L1、L2、L3的额定共模浪涌不会由于LC谐振而发展为更高的电压水平。

Claims (10)

1.一种电力电子设备，包括连接到电容器组(2)的电网侧(L1、L2、L3)，所述电容器组(2)经由开关(4)连接到地线(3)，其特征在于，变阻器(5)与所述开关(4)并联连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述变阻器(5)是金属氧化物变阻器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述变阻器(5)的尺寸被设置为使得所述变阻器在所述变阻器(5)上的电压超过所述开关(4)上的可允许电压之前变为导通的。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，处于导通状态的所述变阻器(5)和所述电容器组(2)形成分压器，其中，所述变阻器(5)将所述电容器组(2)上的电压限制到可允许水平。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述开关(4)是板装的继电器。
6.根据权利要求1至5中的任一项所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述电容器组(2)包括星形联接电容器的布置。
7.根据权利要求1至6中的任一项所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，差模变阻器(6、7、8)连接在相之间。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述开关(4)是电子可配置的继电器。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述电网侧连接到无源整流器级(10)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的电力电子设备，其特征在于，所述电力电子设备是变频器(1)。
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