CN110676562B - Choking type GNSS satellite antenna - Google Patents
Choking type GNSS satellite antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN110676562B CN110676562B CN201910922060.1A CN201910922060A CN110676562B CN 110676562 B CN110676562 B CN 110676562B CN 201910922060 A CN201910922060 A CN 201910922060A CN 110676562 B CN110676562 B CN 110676562B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
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Abstract
The invention discloses a choking type GNSS satellite antenna which comprises a suppression reflecting plate, a metal plate and a dielectric layer. The metal plate is arranged above the inhibition reflection plate, a first interval is formed between the lower surface of the metal plate and the upper surface of the inhibition reflection plate, and an air layer used for communicating air is formed at the first interval. The dielectric layer is arranged on the upper surface of the metal plate, and an antenna radiation sheet is arranged on the dielectric layer. According to the GNSS satellite antenna provided by the invention, the air layer for communicating air is formed between the inhibition reflection plate and the metal plate, so that the superposition and cancellation of signals in different directions of the antenna can be realized, the gain of the antenna is greatly improved, the backward radiation of the antenna is inhibited, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, and the GNSS satellite antenna has a good anti-interference effect. In addition, adopt to restrain the reflecting plate and locate the metal sheet that suppresses the reflecting plate top and realize the design of anti multipath signal, simple structure need not to set up a plurality of metal slots, and the cost is lower and the dead weight is lighter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of satellite navigation antennas, in particular to a choking type GNSS satellite antenna.
Background
Gnss (Global Navigation Satellite System) refers to Global Navigation Satellite systems, which include the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the united states, the Glonass (Global System for Satellite) in russia, the Galileo (Galileo) Satellite Navigation System in europe, and the beidou Satellite Navigation System in china. GNSS can provide a temporal/spatial reference and all real-time dynamic information related to position.
With the development of satellite navigation technology, the requirement on the measurement accuracy of a navigation antenna is higher and higher, and especially the requirement on the accuracy of the antenna is higher for some special occasions, such as deformation monitoring on a dam, deformation monitoring of a bridge, landslide monitoring, wharf container operation and other application occasions needing long-term operation monitoring. Research shows that the measurement accuracy of the navigation antenna is mainly influenced by two aspects of stability of an antenna phase center and multipath effect. The multipath signals are mainly refracted or transmitted from the backward direction of the antenna and the direction of low elevation angle and negative elevation angle, and then the signals are received by the antenna and enter a receiver to influence the positioning accuracy.
Therefore, the choke technique is developed in order to suppress multipath signals of the antenna. The choke is a base structure formed by a plurality of concentric metal grooves with certain groove depth, the number of the concentric grooves on the base structure is generally three to five, the groove depth is generally about a quarter of the wavelength of an antenna, so that the surface of the choke presents high impedance characteristics, and the choke can generate a compound mode of a field to change the gain distribution of an antenna radiation field and reduce a back lobe and a side lobe.
However, most of the choke antennas on the market have a large volume, and meanwhile, a plurality of concentric metal grooves with certain groove depths are required to be arranged, so that the overall weight of the choke antennas is heavy, the choke antennas are inconvenient to carry and transport, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention discloses a choking type GNSS satellite antenna which can simplify the structure of the antenna, effectively reduce the whole weight of the antenna and effectively improve the anti-multipath interference capability of the antenna.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a choking type GNSS satellite antenna, which comprises
A suppression reflecting plate;
the metal plate is arranged above the reflection inhibiting plate, a first interval is formed between the lower surface of the metal plate and the upper surface of the reflection inhibiting plate, and an air layer for communicating air is formed at the first interval; and
and the dielectric layer is arranged on the upper surface of the metal plate, and an antenna radiation sheet is arranged on the dielectric layer.
As an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, an upper surface of the reflection suppressing plate is provided with a first connecting portion extending upward, and a lower surface of the metal plate is fixedly connected to the first connecting portion;
the first connecting portion is made of an insulating material.
As an optional implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present invention, the first distance is positively correlated to a radial distance from the metal plate to the reflection suppressing plate.
As an alternative implementation manner, in the embodiment of the present invention, the peripheral edge of the metal plate is provided with a strip-shaped groove, the strip-shaped groove is communicated with the first interval and forms the air layer together, or,
the periphery of the metal plate is provided with a metal extension part extending downwards, and the metal extension part is arranged towards the first interval and forms the air layer together with the first interval.
As an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the GNSS satellite antenna further includes a wave-absorbing unit, the wave-absorbing unit is disposed on a periphery of the suppression reflection plate and annularly disposed along a center of the suppression reflection plate, and the wave-absorbing unit extends upward from the periphery of the suppression reflection plate.
As an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, a top surface of the wave absorbing unit is flush with or higher than an upper surface of the antenna radiation sheet, and an extending height of the wave absorbing unit is not less than one eighth wavelength of an operating frequency of the antenna radiation sheet.
As an alternative implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the wave absorbing unit is an annular plate whose center is concentric with the center of the suppressing reflection plate, or,
the wave absorbing unit is a plurality of strip-shaped plates, and the strip-shaped plates are annularly arranged at the periphery of the inhibition reflecting plate along the center of the inhibition reflecting plate.
As an alternative implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, the wave absorbing unit is a conical ring plate, and extends obliquely upward from a peripheral edge of the suppressing reflection plate.
As an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of fixing portions extend from the wave absorbing unit toward the surface of the reflection suppressing plate, and the fixing portions are fixedly disposed on the upper surface of the reflection suppressing plate.
As an optional implementation manner, in an embodiment of the present invention, a shielding cover is disposed on a lower surface of the reflection-suppressing plate, and a projection area of the shielding cover on the reflection-suppressing plate is larger than a projection area of the antenna radiation patch on the reflection-suppressing plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) simple structure and good anti-interference effect. According to the choking type GNSS satellite antenna, the air layer for communicating air is formed between the inhibition reflection plate and the metal plate, so that signal superposition and cancellation in different directions of the antenna can be realized, the gain of the antenna is greatly improved, backward radiation of the antenna is inhibited, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, and the choking type GNSS satellite antenna has a good anti-interference effect. In addition, adopt to restrain the reflecting plate and locate the metal sheet that suppresses the reflecting plate top and realize the design of anti multipath signal, simple structure need not to set up a plurality of metal slots, and the cost is lower and the dead weight is lighter.
(2) Effectively restrain the surface wave of antenna, improve anti multipath signal ability. According to the choking type GNSS satellite antenna, the wave absorbing unit is arranged on the periphery of the suppression reflecting plate, and the wave absorbing unit can be used for effectively suppressing the surface waves on the outer peripheral surface and the upper surface of the suppression reflecting plate, so that the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is further improved, the lobe width of the antenna is widened, and the multipath signal resistance is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a side view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an internal sectional view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a rear view of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a graph of passive gain of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a passive pattern of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention at 1.56 GHz.
Fig. 8 is a passive pattern of the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention at 1.575 GHz.
Fig. 9 shows a passive pattern of the antenna at 1.615GHz in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 is an axial ratio plot of the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present invention at 1.575 GHz.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "center", "vertical", "horizontal", "lateral", "longitudinal", and the like indicate an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. These terms are used primarily to better describe the invention and its embodiments and are not intended to limit the indicated devices, elements or components to a particular orientation or to be constructed and operated in a particular orientation.
Moreover, some of the above terms may be used to indicate other meanings besides the orientation or positional relationship, for example, the term "on" may also be used to indicate some kind of attachment or connection relationship in some cases. The specific meanings of these terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art as appropriate.
Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "provided," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or a unitary construction; can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; may be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be in internal communication between two devices, elements or components. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used primarily to distinguish one device, element, or component from another (the specific nature and configuration may be the same or different), and are not used to indicate or imply the relative importance or number of the indicated devices, elements, or components. "plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a choking type GNSS satellite antenna which can simplify the structure of the antenna, effectively reduce the whole weight of the antenna and effectively improve the anti-multipath interference capability of the antenna.
A choke type GNSS satellite antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the GNSS satellite antenna includes a suppression reflector 10, a metal plate 20, and a dielectric layer 30. The metal plate 20 is disposed above the reflection suppressing plate 10, and a first distance L1 is provided between the lower surface of the metal plate 20 and the upper surface of the reflection suppressing plate 10, and the first distance L1 forms an air layer for communicating air. The dielectric layer 30 is disposed on the upper surface of the metal plate 20, and an antenna radiation sheet 31 is disposed on the dielectric layer 30.
In the GNSS satellite antenna of the present invention, the metal plate 20 is provided above the suppression reflector 10, and an air layer for communicating air is formed between the suppression reflector and the metal plate, so that the provision of the air layer can improve the gain of the antenna and suppress the backward radiation of the antenna, thereby improving the front-to-back ratio of the antenna and achieving the choke effect.
In addition, due to the arrangement of the air layer, the bandwidth of the GNSS satellite antenna can be effectively increased, so that the antenna can receive signals in a relatively wide range, the mode for increasing the bandwidth of the antenna is low in cost and remarkable in effect, and the production cost of the GNSS satellite antenna can be favorably controlled.
In the present embodiment, the reflection suppressing plate 10 is made of a metal material, and the reflection suppressing plate 10 may be a circular plate. Further, since the metal plate 20 is provided above the reflection suppressing plate 10, the metal plate 20 may be a circular plate. Preferably, the diameter of the metal plate 20 is smaller than that of the suppressing reflection plate 10, and the center of the metal plate 20 is collinear with that of the suppressing reflection plate 10. Thus, the projection of the metal plate 20 on the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate 10 is entirely located within the suppressing reflection plate 10. It is understood that in other embodiments, the suppressing reflection plate 10 and the metal plate 20 may be plates of other shapes, such as square plates, U-shaped plates, and the like.
Further, since the metal plate 20 and the reflection suppressing plate 10 are disposed vertically and concentrically and the first distance L1 is formed between the metal plate 20 and the reflection suppressing plate 10, the choke is realized, that is, the present invention adopts a vertical choke mode, which can effectively reduce the overall volume of the antenna and realize a miniaturized design.
In this embodiment, the GNSS satellite antenna further includes a first connection portion 40, the metal plate 20 and the reflection-suppressing plate 10 are connected by the first connection portion 40 to form the first spacing L1, and the first connection portion 40 is made of an insulating material, such as a plastic material, so as not to affect the performance of the antenna.
As an alternative embodiment, the manner of suppressing the formation of the air layer between the reflection plate 10 and the metal plate 20 may be: the upper surface of the reflection-preventing plate 10 is provided with a first connecting portion 40 extending upward, and the lower surface of the metal plate 20 can be fixedly connected to the first connecting portion 40. The first connection portion 40 may be an elongated stud, such as a cylindrical stud or a prismatic stud, protruding from the upper surface of the reflection-suppressing plate 10.
As another alternative, the first connection portion 40 may be disposed on the lower surface of the metal plate 20 and then fixedly connected to the reflection-suppressing plate 10 to form the first distance L1. Similarly, the first connecting portion 40 can be an elongated stud protruding from the lower surface of the metal plate 20.
By adopting the design of connecting the metal plate 20 and the suppression reflection plate 10 by the first connection part 40, the first distance L1 between the metal plate 20 and the suppression reflection plate 10 can be formed, and the metal plate 20 can be supported and fixed by the first connection part 40, so that the structural design of the GNSS satellite antenna is very simple.
Further, since the choke effect of the GNSS satellite antenna is closely related to the thickness of the air layer, in order to facilitate adjustment of the first distance L1, as an alternative embodiment, the first connection portion 40 may be adjustably connected to the metal plate 20 or the suppression reflection plate 10. For example, the first connecting portion 40 may be made of a retractable plastic rod, or the first connecting portion 40 may be provided with a screw thread, and the metal plate 20 or the reflection-suppressing plate 10 may be connected to the screw thread of the first connecting portion 40 by a nut, so that the first distance L1 is adjustable.
Further, the adjustable connection manner of the first connection portion 40 directly affects the overall volume of the GNSS satellite antenna, and therefore, how to adjust the size of the first distance L1 without affecting the overall volume of the GNSS satellite antenna is also a difficulty to be overcome by the present invention.
Therefore, as another alternative embodiment, the present invention adopts one or more strip-shaped grooves (not shown) on the periphery of the metal plate 20, which are communicated with the first space L1 and together form the air layer. That is, air may enter the first pitch L1 from the stripe groove, or may enter directly from the first pitch L1. That is, by providing the strip-shaped groove on the periphery of the metal plate 20, the air flow rate of the air layer can be effectively increased, and the choke effect of the antenna can be improved.
As a further alternative, one or more downward extending extensions (not shown) may be disposed on the periphery of the metal plate 20, and the extensions are disposed toward the first interval L1 and form an air layer together with the first interval L1. That is, the extension portion is used to shield a part of the air layer, and reduce the air flow amount of the air layer, thereby affecting the performance of the antenna. Preferably, the extension portion may be a strip, and the material thereof may be a non-metal or metal material.
In the present embodiment, since the magnitude of the first distance L1 has a direct influence on the choke effect of the GNSS satellite antenna, the first distance L1 is set in consideration of not only the size of the GNSS satellite antenna but also the influence thereof on the choke effect of the antenna. Specifically, since the antenna radiation piece 31 is attached to the metal plate 20, when the size of the antenna radiation piece 31 changes, the size of the metal plate 20 changes correspondingly, that is, the size change of the metal plate 20 and the size change of the antenna radiation piece 31 are in positive correlation. When the size of the antenna radiation piece 31 is increased, the metal plate 20 also needs to be increased, and in this case, under the condition that the size of the suppression reflection plate 10 is not changed, if the radius of the metal plate 20 is increased, the distance L2 between the metal plate 20 and the suppression reflection plate 10 in the radial direction (i.e., the outer peripheral edge) is decreased, and in this case, the first distance L1 can be decreased; conversely, if the radius of the antenna radiation piece 31 is decreased, the radius of the metal plate 20 may be decreased, and if the size of the suppression reflection plate 10 is not changed, the distance L2 between the metal plate 20 and the suppression reflection plate 10 in the radial direction is increased, and in this case, the first pitch L1 is increased. It can be seen that the first pitch L1 is negatively correlated with the change in the size of the antenna radiation piece 31 and the metal plate 20, and the first pitch L1 is positively correlated with the radial distance L2 from the metal plate 20 to the suppressing reflection plate 10.
Preferably, the first spacing L1 may be 7-12mm in size. More preferably, the first spacing L1 may be 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, or the like.
The radial distance L2 may be 18mm, 19mm, 20mm, 21mm, 22mm, etc. as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, in this embodiment, the dielectric layer 30 may be a circular plate disposed on the upper surface of the metal plate 20, and the dielectric layer 30 is concentric with the metal plate 20, and the dielectric layer 30 is used to dispose the antenna radiation patch 31, so the material of the dielectric layer 30 may preferably be ceramic with a high dielectric constant, and thus, for the antenna radiation patch 31, the size of the antenna radiation patch may be made smaller under the requirement of antenna performance, thereby facilitating the implementation of the miniaturized design of the GNSS satellite antenna.
Furthermore, the antenna radiation piece 31 is a single-layer four-feed microstrip antenna, and the design of the single-layer microstrip antenna is adopted, so that the broadband dual-frequency performance can be realized by using a single radiation surface of a single-layer medium, the structure of the GNSS satellite antenna is simpler, and the overall weight of the GNSS satellite antenna is favorably reduced. Specifically, the antenna radiation patch 31 is a single-layer four-feed microstrip antenna covering all operating frequency bands of the GNSS, and four symmetric feed ports with equal amplitude and 90-degree difference are arranged on the antenna radiation patch, so that a high-stability phase center can be effectively ensured, and the axial ratio bandwidth of 3dB can be expanded.
Furthermore, the antenna radiation sheet 31 is attached to the dielectric layer 30 by means of a patch, and the center of the antenna radiation sheet 31 is a regular polygon and is collinear with the center of the dielectric layer 30. It is understood that in other embodiments, the antenna radiation sheet 31 may also be circular, elliptical, or rectangular, etc.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, in this embodiment, the GNSS satellite antenna further includes a wave absorbing unit 50, where the wave absorbing unit 50 is disposed at a periphery of the suppression reflecting plate 10 and annularly disposed along a center of the suppression reflecting plate 10, and the wave absorbing unit 50 extends upward from the periphery of the suppression reflecting plate 10.
As can be seen from the foregoing, when the reflection suppressing plate 10 is a circular plate, the peripheral edge of the reflection suppressing plate 10 is a position close to or on the outer peripheral surface of the reflection suppressing plate 10.
As an alternative embodiment, the wave absorbing unit 50 may be disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the reflection suppressing plate. Specifically, as can be seen from the foregoing, the suppressing reflection plate is a circular plate, and the outer circumferential surface thereof is a circumferential surface, and the wave absorbing unit may be disposed on the circumferential surface of the suppressing reflection plate and then extend upward from the circumferential surface.
As another alternative embodiment, the wave-absorbing unit may be disposed on the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate and disposed close to the outer circumferential surface of the suppressing reflection plate, that is, the wave-absorbing unit is as close as possible to the outer circumferential edge of the suppressing reflection plate, so that the wave-absorbing unit is as far away from the antenna radiation sheet as possible, and the influence on the antenna radiation sheet is avoided.
The wave absorbing unit is arranged on the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate and is close to the peripheral surface of the suppressing reflection plate.
Further, the distance from the wave absorbing unit 50 to the center of the suppressing reflection plate 10 is much longer than the distance from the antenna radiation sheet 31 to the center of the suppressing reflection plate 10, so as to reduce the influence of the wave absorbing unit 50 on the performance of the antenna radiation sheet 31 as much as possible. Preferably, the distance L3 from the wave-absorbing element 50 to the center of the suppressing reflection plate 10 may be approximately equal to one eighth wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna radiation sheet 31.
Furthermore, the wave-absorbing element 50 is made of wave-absorbing material, and in order not to affect the performance of the antenna radiation sheet 31, the top surface of the wave-absorbing element 50 is flush with or higher than the upper surface of the antenna radiation sheet 31, and the extension height L4 of the wave-absorbing element 50 on the periphery of the suppression reflection plate 10 is not less than one eighth wavelength of the operating frequency of the antenna radiation sheet 31.
It can be known that, since the distance L5 between the wave-absorbing element 50 and the upper surface of the antenna radiation sheet 31 affects the low-profile design of the antenna and the front-to-back ratio suppression effect of the antenna, the distance L5 between the top surface of the wave-absorbing element 50 and the upper surface of the antenna radiation sheet 31 is generally 0mm-40 mm. This is because, if the height of the wave-absorbing unit 50 is lower than the antenna radiation patch, the front-to-back ratio suppression effect of the wave-absorbing unit 50 on the antenna is not obvious or even cannot achieve the purpose of suppression. If the value is too large, the low-profile design of the antenna is not facilitated, and the circular polarization characteristic of the antenna at a low elevation angle is easily deteriorated, thereby causing the 3dB axial ratio angle of the antenna to be narrowed.
Preferably, the distance L5 from the top surface of the wave absorbing element 50 to the upper surface of the antenna radiation sheet 31 may be 5mm, 8mm, 10mm, 15mm, 20mm, 30mm, 35mm, etc., as long as the above value range is satisfied.
As an alternative embodiment, the wave absorbing element 50 may be an annular plate with a center concentric with the center of the suppressing reflection plate 10, that is, the wave absorbing element 50 is annular and is arranged in a circle along the circumference of the suppressing reflection plate 10. At this time, the wave-absorbing unit 50 encloses the whole suppressing reflection plate 10, and the metal plate 20, the dielectric layer 30 and the antenna radiation sheet 31 are all located in a ring enclosed by the wave-absorbing unit 50.
In this way, the wave absorbing means 50 is provided along the entire periphery of the suppression reflector 10, and can effectively absorb and suppress surface waves generated at the outer peripheral surface and the upper surface of the suppression reflector 10, thereby improving the choke effect of the GNSS satellite antenna.
As another alternative, the wave absorbing unit 50 may be a plurality of strip-shaped plates, and the plurality of strip-shaped plates are arranged at the periphery of the suppressing reflection plate 10 in a ring-shaped arrangement along the center of the suppressing reflection plate 10. In this embodiment, a plurality of strip-shaped plates are spaced apart from each other, and the number of the strip-shaped plates should be vertically matched with the number of the feeding ports of the antenna radiator 31 or be an integral multiple of the number of the feeding ports. For example, if the number of the feeding ports of the antenna radiation piece 31 is 4, the number of the strip-shaped plates may be 4 × M, where M is a positive integer.
The design of the plurality of strips is also capable of absorbing and suppressing the surface waves at the positions of the outer peripheral surface and the upper surface of the reflector 10, but the absorption effect depends on the arrangement pitch between two adjacent strips, and the smaller the arrangement pitch, the better the effect of absorbing the surface waves.
The present invention will be described by taking as an example a ring plate having the wave absorbing element 50 as a center and being concentric with the center of the reflection suppressing plate 10. In this embodiment, the wave absorbing unit 50 may be a conical ring plate, and the wave absorbing unit 50 extends obliquely upward from the periphery of the upper surface of the suppression reflection plate 10.
As an alternative embodiment, the radius of the conical ring plate gradually increases from the periphery of the suppressing reflection plate 10 upwards, that is, the small end of the conical ring plate is arranged at the periphery of the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate 10, and the large end of the conical ring plate extends to the upper side of the suppressing reflection plate 10.
As another alternative, the radius of the conical ring plate is gradually reduced from the periphery of the suppressing reflection plate 10 upwards, that is, the large end of the conical ring plate is arranged at the periphery of the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate 10, and the small end of the conical ring plate extends to the upper side of the suppressing reflection plate 10.
In any of the above-described embodiments, by providing the conical ring plate at the periphery of the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate 10, the surface waves at the periphery and the outer peripheral surface of the upper surface of the suppressing reflection plate can be absorbed by the wave absorbing function of the conical ring plate, thereby improving the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, widening the lobe width, and improving the multipath signal resistance of the GNSS satellite antenna.
In this embodiment, in order to achieve the fixed connection between the wave-absorbing unit 50 and the reflection-suppressing plate 10, a plurality of fixing portions 51 may extend from the surface of the wave-absorbing unit 50 facing the reflection-suppressing plate 10, and the fixing portions 51 may be fixed on the upper surface of the reflection-suppressing plate 10. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, taking the wave absorbing unit 50 as a conical ring plate as an example, a plurality of convex lugs (i.e. the fixing portions) are disposed on a surface of the conical ring plate facing the reflection-suppressing plate 10, and through holes are disposed on the lugs, so that the conical ring plate and the reflection-suppressing plate 10 can be fixedly connected by means of bolt fixing. It is understood that in other embodiments, the conical ring plate may be connected to the reflection suppressing plate 10 by bonding or riveting.
Further, in order to realize a miniaturized design of the GNSS satellite antenna, the outer diameter of the suppression reflection plate 10 is smaller than the small end diameter of the conical ring plate. Therefore, when the reflection suppressing plate 10 is connected to the cone ring plate, the plurality of extending bosses 11 may extend outward from the outer circumference of the reflection suppressing plate, and the plurality of extending bosses 11 and the plurality of fixing portions 51 are disposed correspondingly, so that the plurality of fixing portions may be respectively fixed to the plurality of extending bosses 11, thereby realizing the connection between the cone ring plate and the reflection suppressing plate.
By adopting the arrangement mode, the size of the suppression reflecting plate can be reduced, the material usage of the suppression reflecting plate is reduced, the whole weight of the GNSS satellite antenna is reduced, and the GNSS satellite antenna is convenient to carry and meets the design requirement of miniaturization.
Further, since the outer diameter of the suppressing reflection plate is smaller than the small end diameter of the tapered ring plate, a plurality of gaps are formed between the tapered ring plate and the suppressing reflection plate, the plurality of gaps being formed between adjacent two of the extending bosses and the tapered ring plate.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, in the present embodiment, in order to improve the shielding performance of the active circuit, a shielding cover 12 is disposed on the lower surface of the reflection-suppressing plate 10, and a projection area of the shielding cover 12 on the reflection-suppressing plate 10 is larger than a projection area of the antenna radiation sheet 31 on the reflection-suppressing plate 10. Specifically, the shielding cover 12 covers the lower surface of the reflection-suppressing plate 10, and may also be in a circular cover shape, and the radius of the shielding cover 12 is larger than that of the antenna radiation sheet 31, so that when the shielding cover 12 is projected onto the upper surface of the reflection-suppressing plate 10, it can completely cover the projection of the antenna radiation sheet 31 on the reflection-suppressing plate 10. That is, the projection of the antenna radiation sheet 31 on the suppression reflection plate 10 is located within the projection of the shield cover 12 on the suppression reflection plate 10.
Referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a graph illustrating passive gain of a GNSS satellite antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 6, the passive gain of the GNSS satellite antenna can reach 6.5dBi at most by using the solution of the present invention. Specifically, the GNSS satellite antenna has a gain of 4.2dBi at 1.525GHz, a gain of 6.11dBi at 1.615GHz, and a gain of 6.31dBi at 1.575 GHz.
This shows that with the solution of the present invention, the antenna has an operating frequency of L1(1.525GHz-1.615GHz), which can support the GPS navigation system, BDS navigation system, Galileo navigation system, GLONASS navigation system, L band, etc.
Referring to fig. 7 to 10, it can be seen from fig. 7 that the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is 34dB at 1.560 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 8, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna is 40.5dB at 1.575 GHz. As can be seen from fig. 9, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna at 1.615GHz is 36 dB.
The antenna has good multi-path inhibition capability and is beneficial to improving the measurement precision of the antenna by adopting the scheme of the invention, so that the antenna can be better applied to special occasions such as dams, bridges, water landslides, wharf containers and the like needing to accurately monitor the deformation condition.
As shown in fig. 10, when the axial ratio value at the zenith (Theta is 0 °) is close to 0dB, it means that the antenna has a good circular polarization characteristic, and at the same time, the antenna has a good wide angular axial ratio characteristic and a good low elevation circular polarization characteristic, which not only can improve the satellite searching capability and satellite searching quality for a low elevation satellite, but also can be beneficial to suppressing multipath signals, thereby improving the measurement accuracy.
Therefore, the GNSS satellite antenna can effectively inhibit multipath signals and has good bandwidth and wide-angle-axis ratio characteristics.
The choke type GNSS satellite antenna disclosed by the embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, and the principle and the embodiment of the present invention are explained in the present document by applying specific examples, and the description of the above embodiment is only used to help understanding the choke type GNSS satellite antenna and the core idea thereof of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A choke type GNSS satellite antenna is characterized by comprising
A suppression reflecting plate;
the metal plate is arranged above the reflection inhibiting plate, the center of the metal plate is collinear with the center of the reflection inhibiting plate, the radial dimension of the metal plate is smaller than that of the reflection inhibiting plate, a first interval is formed between the lower surface of the metal plate and the upper surface of the reflection inhibiting plate, an air layer for communicating air is formed at the first interval, and the first interval is positively correlated with the radial distance from the metal plate to the reflection inhibiting plate; and
the dielectric layer is arranged on the upper surface of the metal plate, the antenna radiation piece is arranged on the dielectric layer, and the radial dimension of the metal plate is positively correlated with the radial dimension of the antenna radiation piece.
2. The GNSS satellite antenna according to claim 1, further comprising a first connection portion through which the metal plate and the suppression reflecting plate are connected to form the first pitch;
the first connecting portion is made of an insulating material.
3. The GNSS satellite antenna of claim 1 or 2, wherein the metal plate is provided at its periphery with a strip-shaped groove communicating with the first space and forming the air layer together, or,
the periphery of the metal plate is provided with an extension part extending downwards, and the extension part is arranged towards the first interval and forms the air layer together with the first interval.
4. The GNSS satellite antenna of claim 1 or 2, further comprising a wave absorbing unit, wherein the wave absorbing unit is disposed at the periphery of the suppression reflecting plate and is annularly disposed along the center of the suppression reflecting plate, and the wave absorbing unit extends upward from the periphery of the suppression reflecting plate.
5. The GNSS satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the top surface of the wave absorbing unit is flush with or higher than the upper surface of the antenna radiation piece, and the extension height of the wave absorbing unit is not less than one eighth wavelength of the working frequency of the antenna radiation piece.
6. The GNSS satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the wave absorbing unit is a ring plate having a center concentric with the center of the suppression reflecting plate, or,
the wave absorbing unit is a plurality of strip-shaped plates, and the strip-shaped plates are annularly arranged at the periphery of the inhibition reflecting plate along the center of the inhibition reflecting plate.
7. The GNSS satellite antenna of claim 6, wherein the wave absorbing unit is a conical ring plate and extends obliquely upward from the circumference of the suppression reflecting plate.
8. The GNSS satellite antenna of claim 4, wherein the wave absorbing unit has a plurality of fixing portions extending toward the surface of the reflection suppressing plate, and the fixing portions are fixed on the upper surface of the reflection suppressing plate.
9. The GNSS satellite antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a lower surface of the suppression reflector is provided with a shielding cover, and a projected area of the shielding cover on the suppression reflector is larger than a projected area of the antenna radiation patch on the suppression reflector.
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| CN201910922060.1A CN110676562B (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2019-09-27 | Choking type GNSS satellite antenna |
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| CN111969331B (en) * | 2020-07-13 | 2023-05-12 | 广州吉欧电子科技有限公司 | Integrated GNSS antenna device with multipath suppression function |
| CN112615146A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2021-04-06 | 嘉兴佳利电子有限公司 | Method for optimizing performance of miniaturized flat antenna |
| CN113985452A (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2022-01-28 | 中国科学院国家授时中心 | Multipath effect weakening device for GNSS tracking station |
| WO2024112223A1 (en) * | 2022-11-24 | 2024-05-30 | Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc. | Slot-fed patch antenna for gnss applications |
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