CN110676492A - Hydrogen fuel cell and power supply time estimation system and method thereof - Google Patents

Hydrogen fuel cell and power supply time estimation system and method thereof Download PDF

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CN110676492A
CN110676492A CN201810720129.8A CN201810720129A CN110676492A CN 110676492 A CN110676492 A CN 110676492A CN 201810720129 A CN201810720129 A CN 201810720129A CN 110676492 A CN110676492 A CN 110676492A
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李骁
陈玉林
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TROOWIN POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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TROOWIN POWER SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
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    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
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    • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
    • H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
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Abstract

The present invention provides a system for estimating a power supply time of a hydrogen fuel cell and a method thereof, wherein the system can obtain the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell by detecting a change in gas pressure of the hydrogen fuel cell within a preset period, and therefore, the system for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention has a simple structure, is easy to implement, and does not depend on a detection device.

Description

Hydrogen fuel cell and power supply time estimation system and method thereof
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a fuel cell, and more particularly, to a hydrogen fuel cell power supply time estimation system and method thereof, which can estimate a normal continuous power supply time of a hydrogen fuel cell.
Background
When a fuel cell, such as a hydrogen fuel cell, is used to supply power, it is important to accurately estimate (or predict) the time of its supply. For example, when the hydrogen fuel cell is used for supplying power to an unmanned aerial vehicle and flying power, the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell needs to be predicted or estimated accurately in advance so as to reasonably plan a flight line and serve as a reference basis for return flight and landing time. If the actual power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is less than the power supply time, the unmanned aerial vehicle may run out of fuel and the unmanned aerial vehicle may fly in an accident. However, if the actual powering time of the hydrogen fuel cell is much longer than the powering time, it may lead to premature landing of the drone and failure to complete the drone flight purpose. Therefore, when the hydrogen fuel cell is adopted as a power source for the unmanned aerial vehicle, the accurate estimation of the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell has important significance for the safe flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle and even for the safe operation of a fuel cell power supply system.
Existing hydrogen fuel cells (or hydrogen fuel cell power supply systems) typically include a hydrogen storage device, such as a gas cylinder, for storing hydrogen gas. The current hydrogen storage capacity of the hydrogen storage device is determined by the capacity of the hydrogen storage device, the internal hydrogen pressure, the environmental temperature and other factors. In the conventional hydrogen fuel cell, the normal power supply time (or the remaining operation time) of the hydrogen fuel cell is estimated by detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas inside the gas storage device and combining with experience.
As shown in fig. 1A and fig. 1B, a conventional fuel cell (system) and a power supply time estimation system thereof are disclosed, wherein the fuel cell includes a hydrogen cylinder 1P, a fuel cell (stack) 6P and a fuel cell controller 2P, wherein an outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 1P is provided with a gas pressure gauge (or pressure gauge) 4P, and an outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 1P is connected to the fuel cell stack 6P through a pipeline; the fuel cell stack 6P outputs current in real time through a current transmission line provided with a current sensor 7P; the fuel cell controller 2P stores the air pressure value of the hydrogen cylinder 1P in a full cylinder state, the fuel cell controller 2P also controls the opening and closing of the fuel cell stack 6P, and collects the current value measured by the current sensor 7P and processes, calculates and stores the current value; the generator 8P is connected to the current sensor 7P, the pressure reducing valve 5P is provided between the barometer 4P and the fuel cell stack 6P, and the temperature sensor 9P and the reset button 3P are connected to the fuel cell controller 2P. When the hydrogen fuel cell is used for supplying power, firstly, the hydrogen storage device (hydrogen cylinder 1P) is inflated until the air pressure reaches the preset air pressure, and the initial mole value of hydrogen is obtained; after the fuel cell is started and normally operated, the real-time output current value is measured, the total electric quantity output by the fuel cell until the current operation time is obtained through calculation so as to calculate the molar quantity of the consumed hydrogen and calculate the residual gas quantity of the hydrogen cylinder 1P, and then the power supply time of the residual gas quantity is calculated according to the residual gas quantity and the real-time output current value. However, the existing power supply time estimation system for hydrogen fuel cell (or the residual hydrogen gas pressure estimation device for hydrogen cylinder of fuel cell) has many defects: first, calculating the continuous power supply time of the fuel cell based on the current output current value requires knowing the hydrogen gas molar amount in the fuel tank (or hydrogen cylinder) of the fuel cell. This requires knowledge of the volume and pressure (or pressure) of the fuel tank. However, in many cases, the volume of the fuel tank (or hydrogen cylinder) of the fuel cell is not known to the user. Secondly, in most cases, the calculated continuous power supply time of the fuel cell is not suitable as a basis for estimating or estimating the power supply time of the fuel cell according to the current output current value. The main reason is that the real-time output current value of the fuel cell is not a fixed value, but changes along with the real-time power consumption of the load, and the power supply time of the fuel cell calculated according to the instantaneous output current has great fluctuation and error. Thirdly, when unmanned aerial vehicle high altitude flight, there is great noise often in its environment. When the sensor is used for detecting the internal air pressure of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, environmental noise brings great interference to the detection result of the hydrogen air pressure, and the detection result of the hydrogen air pressure is often caused to fluctuate greatly. Also, the existing hydrogen fuel cell power supply time estimation system does not consider the utilization rate of the hydrogen fuel cell (stack) for the remaining hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. Finally, the existing hydrogen fuel cell power supply time estimation system does not consider the influence of the change of the ambient temperature on the detection result of the residual hydrogen amount in the hydrogen storage device. The ambient temperature of the hydrogen storage device in the processes of gas charging and flying is different, and the hydrogen gas can also take away heat in the releasing process, so that the temperature of the hydrogen storage device is gradually lowered. However, to achieve a high-precision estimation, it is necessary to accurately measure the ambient temperature at the time of charging the hydrogen storage device and the ambient temperature at the time of current operation, and the difference between the two cannot be made excessively large. Generally, it is not preferable to exceed 10 ℃. In fact, in many cases, particularly when the fuel cell is used in an aircraft, such as an unmanned aerial vehicle, the temperature difference between the fuel cell charging ambient temperature and the current operating ambient temperature is often greater than 10 ℃.
Disclosure of Invention
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell is capable of estimating the (continuous) power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell at the end of a preset detection period by detecting the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device at the beginning of the preset detection period and the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device at the end of the preset detection period. Preferably, the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell detected by the pressure sensor (or pressure sensor) is transmitted to a data processing module, and the hydrogen fuel cell is configured to estimate the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell through the data processing module.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a power supply time estimation system for a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell comprises a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in real time, and a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to detect the pressure P in the hydrogen storage device at the beginning of a preset time period (or a preset detection period) according to the pressure sensor1And the pressure P in the hydrogen storage device at the end of the predetermined time period2The current (at the end of the preset time period) power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell can be calculated.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell is capable of calculating a remaining operation time of outputting the hydrogen fuel cell stack by obtaining a total amount of hydrogen gas of the hydrogen storage device and an average consumption rate of hydrogen gas in a preset detection period.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell can obtain the continuous power supply time of the fuel cell only by obtaining the pressure value change in the hydrogen storage device at different time points. Therefore, the hydrogen fuel cell of the invention can greatly reduce the requirements on system software and hardware and improve the application range.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell employs a multiple filtering method to filter system noise and measurement noise in the stages of acquiring and processing the detection data in a targeted manner, so as to eliminate the influence of various noises, such as environmental noise, on the detection result during the detection process and reduce the error of the final power supply time estimation result of the hydrogen fuel cell.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell is configured to reduce interference of environmental noise, such as current noise, with the gas pressure measurement within the hydrogen storage device through a filter. Preferably, the filter is a kalman filter or a recursive filter.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell is configured to perform a clipping process on the final output result to remove the estimation result of the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell with obvious abnormality to the maximum extent. These obviously abnormal power supply time estimation values are often abnormal fluctuations in the sensor detection results due to the influence of the external environment or the like.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the data processing module of the hydrogen fuel cell is capable of detecting the initial time of the detection period, the gas pressure Ps of the hydrogen storage device, the end time of the detection period, and the gas pressure (or current gas pressure) P of the hydrogen storage device according to the preset detection period (τ)τ，Calculating to obtain the gas pressure reduction rate V of the hydrogen storage device in the detection periodpAnd further based on the minimum pressure P at which the fuel cell can utilize hydrogen0Calculating the current gas pressure P of the hydrogen storage deviceτNext, the total amount (number of moles) of hydrogen that can be effectively used by the fuel cell and the estimated power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell. In other words, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention can estimate the power supply time of the fuel cell relatively accurately without detecting the number of moles of hydrogen (gas) remaining in the hydrogen storage device and without detecting the output power or the output current value of the fuel cell.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device in real time to more accurately calculate the amount of remaining hydrogen gas and the rate of decrease in the amount of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device, thereby further calculating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell. Therefore, under the condition that the capacity of the hydrogen storage device is not changed, the fuel cell can estimate the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device and the temperature in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell at different time points. Accordingly, the hydrogen fuel cell can effectively eliminate the interference of the change of the ambient temperature on the estimation result of the power supply time, and has wider application range.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises a communication module for transmitting the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to an upper computer in real time and displaying the power supply time.
Other objects and features of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts throughout.
In order to achieve at least one of the above objects, the present invention provides a hydrogen fuel cell comprising:
at least one hydrogen fuel cell stack;
at least one hydrogen storage device, wherein the hydrogen storage device is adapted to provide hydrogen gas to the hydrogen fuel cell stack;
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device in real time; and
at least one control unit, wherein the control unit comprises a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connected to the pressure sensor to obtain the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to:
Figure BDA0001718465870000041
calculated after a preset detection periodTτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For a predetermined detection period TτInitially, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For a predetermined detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum hydrogen pressure, Z, for the fuel cell to enable efficient use of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, corresponding to a particular gas pressure, Z0、Z1And Z2Are all constants. It is understood that the method (or device) for estimating the (continuous) power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention is particularly suitable for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell when the ambient temperature does not change much, resulting in a small change in the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, for example, when the ambient temperature of the hydrogen storage device changes within 10 ℃. The power supply time estimation method of the hydrogen fuel cell only needs to detect the air pressure (change) in the hydrogen storage device, does not need additional detection equipment, has a simple structure, and provides an estimation result which is relatively accurate.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a power supply time estimation system for a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in real time; and
at least one data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connected to the pressure sensor to obtain a hydrogen gas pressure within the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to:
Figure BDA0001718465870000051
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is equal to T, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cellPower supply time, P, of hydrogen fuel cell1For a predetermined detection period TτInitially, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For a predetermined detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum hydrogen pressure, Z, for the fuel cell to enable efficient use of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is provided another hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
at least one hydrogen fuel cell stack;
at least one hydrogen storage device, wherein the hydrogen storage device is adapted to provide hydrogen gas to the hydrogen fuel cell stack;
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device in real time;
a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the hydrogen storage device in real time; and
at least one control unit, wherein the control unit comprises a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connectable to the gas pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, respectively, to obtain a gas pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device detected by the gas pressure sensor and a temperature in the hydrogen storage device detected by the temperature sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to be capable of operating according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001718465870000052
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0For fuel cells to enable thisMinimum hydrogen pressure, T, for efficient utilization of hydrogen in a hydrogen storage device1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor. It can be understood that the hydrogen fuel cell continuous power supply time estimation method (or device) has a wider application range, and can effectively eliminate the influence of the temperature change in the hydrogen storage device on the hydrogen amount in the hydrogen storage device. Therefore, the estimation method for the continuous power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is particularly suitable for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell when the change amplitude of the environmental temperature (the temperature in the hydrogen storage device) is large, and particularly the temperature change is more than 10 ℃. The power supply time estimation method of the hydrogen fuel cell needs to detect the pressure (change) in the hydrogen storage device and the temperature (change) in the hydrogen storage device, and provides an estimation result which is very accurate. Furthermore, consider T0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device is high, and when the pressure in the hydrogen storage device is P0In time, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device cannot be effectively utilized by the whole fuel cell, and the estimated operating environment temperature of the fuel cell is not different from the current environment temperature under most conditions. Thus, T in the above formula0The preset detection period T of the hydrogen storage device can be usedτAt the end, the temperature T in the hydrogen storage device2Instead.
Notably, since the hydrogen storage device of the fuel cell is typically in the same environment as the fuel cell. Therefore, the temperature in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is not greatly different from the temperature of the environment where the hydrogen fuel cell is located with high probability, especially when the material of the hydrogen storage device is made of a material with good heat conductivity. Accordingly, the temperature sensor of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention may be disposed in the environment of the hydrogen storage device rather than in the interior chamber of the hydrogen storage device. The temperature sensor is arranged in the environment of the hydrogen storage device, for example, arranged on the outer surface of the hydrogen storage device, so that the manufacturing difficulty and the cost of the hydrogen storage device can be greatly reduced. Preferably, the temperature sensor is temperature-resistance sensing. Alternatively, the temperature sensor may be another type of temperature sensor.
In other embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes at least one upper computer, wherein the upper computer is connected to the data processing module in a wired or wireless connection manner, the data processing module is configured to send the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell to the upper computer directly or through a communication module, and the upper computer sends the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell to a user through a display screen, an audio device, and the like, so that the user can know the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further comprises at least one noise sensor, wherein the noise sensor is electrically connected to the data processing module of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the data processing module is configured to set a cutoff frequency of the air pressure sensor based on ambient noise detected by the noise sensor, and to filter air pressure data generated by the air pressure sensor. In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell further includes at least one first communication module electrically connected to the data processing module, and at least one second communication module electrically connected to the host computer, wherein the first communication module is configured to send or transmit the power supply time data of the hydrogen fuel cell estimated or calculated by the data processing module to the second communication module, and the second communication module sends or transmits the power supply time data to the host computer. Optionally, the data transmission between the data processing module and the upper computer may also be implemented by a wired transmission manner, for example, by a data line or a physical connection manner such as a connection bus, a data receiving port, and the like.
In other embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further comprises at least one second filter, wherein the second filter is adapted to be electrically connectable to the data processing module and configured to process the power supply time data calculated by the data processing module to eliminate environmental interference, such as environmental noise and interference of current transmission noise to the power supply time data. It is noted that eliminating environmental or background interference is important to more accurately estimate the fuel cell power up time when the hydrogen storage device is low in hydrogen. Environmental or background disturbances often lead to large errors when there is less hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device. Preferably, the first filter and/or the second filter is a kalman filter or a recursive filter.
In other embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further comprises at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is electrically connected to the data processing module and configured to remove significant abnormal (sustained) operating time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated due to random errors, initial operation of the fuel cell, or no load access. For example, when no load is accessed, the output power of the fuel cell is extremely small or even zero, and the (continuous) operation time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module is extremely large or even infinite. Or, the air pressure value received by the data processing module from the air pressure sensor in the hydrogen storage device is lower than the minimum air pressure P capable of utilizing hydrogen by the fuel cell due to external interference and the like0Then the (continuous) operation time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module is zero or even negative, which is very different from the result detected in the previous preset time period. The limiting filter is set to remove the obviously abnormal (continuous) operation time of the hydrogen fuel cell so as to prevent the upper computer from making misjudgment on the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell.
In some embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes an analog-to-digital conversion module (or an analog-to-digital conversion module) for converting analog signals detected by the sensors, such as the air pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, into digital signals. It will be appreciated that the analog to digital conversion module is disposed between the air pressure sensor and the first filter. Optionally, the first filter is disposed between the air pressure sensor and the analog-to-digital conversion module. When the first filter is arranged between the air pressure sensor and the analog-to-digital conversion module, the first filter directly processes an analog signal detected by the air pressure sensor, and when the analog-to-digital conversion module is arranged between the air pressure sensor and the first filter, the first filter processes a digital signal of air pressure data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the air pressure sensor and converted by the analog-to-digital conversion module.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided another power supply time estimation system for a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising:
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in real time;
a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the hydrogen storage device in real time; and
at least one data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connected to the gas pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, respectively, to obtain the gas pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device detected by the gas pressure sensor and the temperature in the hydrogen storage device detected by the temperature sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to be capable of performing the following operations according to the following formula:
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum hydrogen pressure, T, for the fuel cell to enable efficient use of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the storageTemperature in the hydrogen plant, T0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there is further provided a method for estimating a power supply time of a hydrogen fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
(A) detecting and acquiring a predetermined period TτInitial gas pressure P in hydrogen storage device1Ending the gas pressure P2(ii) a And
(B) according to the following formula:
calculated to obtain the time of the preset detection period TτThen, the power supply time T of the hydrogen fuel cell, where P1For a predetermined detection period TτInitially, the pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device2For a predetermined detection period TτAt the end, the gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device0Minimum gas pressure, Z, for efficient hydrogen utilization by fuel cells0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(C) according to the following formula:
Yn＝a*Xn+(1-a)*Yn-1for the detected initial gas pressure P in the hydrogen storage device1Data and end pressure P2The data is filtered, wherein XnIs the nth sampled value, Yn-1Is the n-1 th filter output value, YnIs the nth filtered output value, a is the filter coefficient, and generally satisfies 0<a<<1, itThe cut-off frequency f corresponding to the filterP＝a/(2πTτ)，TτIs a sampling period, wherein step (C) is located between step (A) and step (B).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(D) limiting the power supply time of the detected hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module, wherein the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is limited to 0-A (P)H2/PMax) Min, wherein PH2Current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of hydrogen storage device for hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power with the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure, thereby eliminating significant abnormal (sustained) run time data for the hydrogen fuel cell.
Further objects and advantages of the invention will be fully apparent from the ensuing description and drawings.
These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings and the claims.
Drawings
Fig. 1A and 1B show a conventional fuel cell power supply time estimation system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a hydrogen fuel cell according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a system for estimating the power supply time of a hydrogen fuel cell according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for estimating a power supply time of a hydrogen fuel cell according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative implementation of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the above preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the power supply time estimation system of the alternative implementation of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of another method for estimating the power supply time of a hydrogen fuel cell according to the above preferred embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments described below are by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that in the present disclosure, the terms "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in an orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for ease of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or components must be constructed and operated in a particular orientation and thus are not to be considered limiting.
It is understood that the terms "a" and "an" should be interpreted as meaning that a number of one element or element is one in one embodiment, while a number of other elements is one in another embodiment, and the terms "a" and "an" should not be interpreted as limiting the number.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, a hydrogen fuel cell according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention is illustrated, which includes at least one power generation unit 10, such as a hydrogen fuel cell stack, at least one hydrogen storage device 20, at least one gas pressure sensor 31, and at least one control unit 40, wherein the control unit 40 includes at least one data processing module 41, wherein the power generated by the fuel cell is supplied to a load 80 through a power supply unit 50. Preferably, the power generation unit 10 is a hydrogen fuel cell (stack). It can be understood that the hydrogen storage deviceThe pressure sensor 20 may be a fuel tank, a hydrogen cylinder, or the like suitable hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen gas and supplying the hydrogen gas to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 10, and the pressure sensor 31 is provided for detecting the pressure (or pressure) in the hydrogen storage device in real time. The data processing module 41 of the control unit 40 of the hydrogen fuel cell stack of the present invention is configured to be able to process the data according to a certain time period, such as time t1To time t2(time interval T)τ) During this time, the cycle initiation pressure P of the hydrogen storage device 201The cycle end pressure P of the hydrogen storage device 202The minimum hydrogen gas pressure P of the fuel cell that can effectively utilize the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 200And the hydrogen compression factor Z is calculated to the end of the cycle time t2The (continuous) power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell. Generally, the time period TτThe size of (A) is 0.5 to 30 seconds. In other words, the air pressure sensor 31 is at time t1And time t1+tτ(t2) Respectively detecting the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20, and according to the detected gas pressure P1And P2The current power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is calculated and estimated. In addition, since the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20 needs to have a certain pressure (or pressure) to be used by the fuel cell stack 10 of the fuel cell and to generate electricity, the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20 cannot be fully used by the fuel cell stack of the fuel cell. It is understood that different fuel cells, due to differences in design, have different hydrogen pressures at which the fuel cell stack is able to efficiently utilize hydrogen to generate electricity. Generally, the fuel cell can effectively utilize hydrogen gas at a pressure not lower than a standard atmospheric pressure.
Further, in order to calculate or estimate the power supply time of the fuel cell of the present invention, it is necessary to calculate and obtain a hydrogen fuel consumption rate v of the fuel cell, wherein the rate v can be obtained by the hydrogen fuel consumption amount per unit time:
wherein n is1And n2At a time t1And time t2While storing hydrogenThe amount of hydrogen (or molar amount of hydrogen) in the tank 20. Thus, at time T2The amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20 that can be effectively utilized by the fuel cell is:
ne＝n2-n0
wherein n iseIs a time T2When the fuel cell is used, the hydrogen amount can be effectively utilized,
combining the keberlon equation:
Figure BDA0001718465870000112
according to the present invention, when the temperature of the environment where the hydrogen fuel cell is located does not change so much that the temperature in the hydrogen storage device 20 also does not change so much, particularly, when the temperature of the environment of the hydrogen storage device 20 changes within 10 ℃, the data processing module 41 is configured to be able to perform the following equation:
Figure BDA0001718465870000113
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning (initial), the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device 202For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device 200To enable the fuel cell to effectively utilize the minimum gas pressure, Z, of the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 200At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, corresponding to a particular gas pressure, Z0、Z1And Z2Are all constants. Therefore, when the temperature of the environment where the hydrogen fuel cell is located does not change greatly, the hydrogen fuel cell only needs to detect the air pressure (change) in the hydrogen storage device without additional detection equipment, the power supply time estimation system is simple in structure, and the hydrogen fuel cell power supply time estimation system is providedThe estimation result of (2) is relatively accurate.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the hydrogen fuel cell according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes at least one first filter 51, wherein the first filter 51 is configured to filter the air pressure (data) in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the air pressure sensor 31, so as to reduce the interference of environmental noise, such as current noise, on the measurement result of the air pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20. It is understood that the first filter 51 is disposed between the gas pressure sensor 31 and the data processing module 41 to filter the hydrogen gas pressure data in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the gas pressure sensor 31, so as to reduce the interference of environmental noise to the measurement result of the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20. Accordingly, the first filter 51 is electrically connected to the air pressure sensor 31 and the data processing module 41, respectively.
It should be noted that the fuel cell of the present invention further comprises at least one analog-to-digital conversion module 42, wherein the analog-to-digital conversion module 42 is configured to process the air pressure data signal detected by the air pressure sensor 31. Accordingly, when the first filter 51 is disposed between the gas pressure sensor 31 and an analog-to-digital conversion module 42, the first filter 51 is disposed to directly process the analog signal detected by the gas pressure sensor 31, and when the analog-to-digital conversion module 42 is disposed between the gas pressure sensor 31 and the first filter 51, the first filter 51 processes the digital signal in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the gas pressure sensor 31 converted by the analog-to-digital conversion module 42. Therefore, the analog-to-digital conversion module 42 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention is configured to convert analog signals detected by various sensors, such as the air pressure sensor 31 and/or the noise sensor 32, into digital signals. Preferably, the analog-to-digital conversion module 42 is disposed between the barometric pressure sensor 31 and the first filter 51. It is to be understood that the first filter 51 is provided to remove high frequency noise caused by environmental noise when the pressure sensor 31 detects the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device 20. The first filter 51 may also be arranged to remove high frequency measurement noise from the detection data of the air pressure sensor 31. Accordingly, the cutoff frequency of the first filter 51 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention is set to 50Hz depending on the environment in which the first filter 51 is located. It will be appreciated that the second filter 52 may be any filter capable of achieving low frequency (interference) noise filtering. Such as a kalman filter or a recursive filter. It is noted that eliminating environmental or background interference is important to accurately detect the hydrogen gas pressure within the hydrogen storage device 20 when the amount of hydrogen gas within the hydrogen storage device 20 is small. Environmental or background disturbances often lead to large errors when there is less hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further comprises at least one noise sensor 32, wherein the noise sensor 32 is electrically connected to the data processing module 41 of the hydrogen fuel cell, wherein the data processing module 41 is configured to set the cutoff frequency of the first filter 51 according to the ambient noise detected by the noise sensor 32, and filter the air pressure data detected by the air pressure sensor 31. In other words, the data processing module 41 sets the cutoff frequency of the first filter 51 according to the environmental noise detected by the noise sensor 32, and the cutoff frequency of the first filter 51 is set and performs filtering processing on the air pressure data detected by the air pressure sensor 31 according to the cutoff frequency.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention includes two first filters 51, one of the first filters 51 is disposed between the air pressure sensor 31 and the data processing module 41, and the other first filter 51 is disposed between the noise sensor 32 and the data processing module 41, so as to respectively filter the air pressure data detected by the air pressure sensor 31 and the environmental noise data detected by the noise sensor 32, so as to eliminate environmental interference, such as interference of environmental noise on the detection results of the air pressure sensor 31 and the noise sensor 32.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further comprises at least one limiting filter 33, wherein the limiting filter 33 is electrically connected to the data processing module 41 and is configured to remove random eventsIn the case of a sexual error, the initial operation of the fuel cell or no access to a load, etc., the data processing module 41 calculates a significant abnormal (continuous) operation time (or power supply time) of the hydrogen fuel cell. For example, when no load is connected, the output power of the fuel cell is extremely small or even zero, and the (continuous) operation time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module 41 is extremely large or even infinite. Alternatively, the pressure value (data) in the hydrogen storage device 20 received by the data processing module 41 from the pressure sensor 31 is lower than the minimum pressure P at which the fuel cell can use hydrogen due to external interference or the like0Then the (continuous) operation time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module 41 is zero or even negative, which is significantly different from the result detected in the previous preset time period. The limiting filter 33 is set to remove these apparently abnormal hydrogen fuel cell (continuous) operation times to avoid the upper computer 60 from misjudging the operation state of the hydrogen fuel cell. Therefore, the limiting filter 33 is preferably set to limit the hydrogen fuel cell (continuous) operation time calculation result to 0-A (P)H2/PMax) Minutes (or other units of time) in which PH2Current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of hydrogen storage device for hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average operating time of the hydrogen fuel cell at the rated power and with the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell being charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure. Accordingly, the limiting filter 33 is disposed between the data processing module 41 and the first communication module 43. Optionally, the clipping filter 33 is disposed between the data processing module 41 and the air pressure sensor 31. It is understood that when the limiting filter 33 is disposed between the data processing module 41 and the gas pressure sensor 31, the gas pressure value in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the gas pressure sensor 31 received by the data processing module 41 is 0 to PMaxIs preferably P0～PMax。
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes a second filter 52, wherein the second filter 52 is electrically connected to the data processing module 31 and is configured to remove low-frequency noise (data) generated when the data processing module 31 processes the air pressure data detected by the air pressure sensor 31. Preferably, the second filter 52 is disposed between the data processing module 31 and the first communication module 43. In other words, the second filter 52 is electrically connected to the data processing module 41 and configured to process the low frequency noise data generated when the air pressure data detected by the air pressure sensor 31 is processed by the data processing module 31. It is to be understood that the second filter 52 can be any filter capable of filtering low frequency (interference) noise, such as a kalman filter or a recursive filter. Preferably, the cut-off frequency of the second filter 52 is not greater than 5 Hz. More preferably, the cut-off frequency of the second filter 52 is 1 Hz. Most preferably, the second filter 52 is preferably disposed between the data processing block 41 and the clipping filter 33.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the control unit 40 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes at least one first communication module 43 electrically connected to the data processing module 41, wherein the first communication module 43 is configured to communicate with a second communication module 44, wherein the second communication module 44 is electrically connected to the host computer 60, wherein the first communication module 43 is configured to send or transmit the power supply time data of the hydrogen fuel cell estimated or calculated by the data processing module 41 to the second communication module 44, and the second communication module 44 sends or transmits the power supply time data to the host computer 60. Optionally, the data transmission between the data processing module 41 and the upper computer 60 may also be implemented by a wired transmission manner, for example, by a data line or a physical connection manner such as a connection bus, a data receiving port, and the like. Notably, the data processing module 41 is configured to calculate the rate of decrease of the real-time hydrogen amount (moles) of the hydrogen fuel cell based on the real-time hydrogen gas pressure data of the hydrogen storage device 20 at different times.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes at least one pressure reducing valve 34 in communication with the hydrogen storage device 20, wherein the pressure reducing valve 34 has an inlet passage 341 and an outlet passage 342, wherein the inlet passage 341 of the pressure reducing valve 34 is in communication with the gas outlet 201 of the hydrogen storage device 20, and the outlet passage 342 of the pressure reducing valve 34 is in communication with the gas inlet 202 of the hydrogen fuel cell. It is understood that the pressure reducing valve 34 can control the pressure of the hydrogen supplied to the stack of the fuel cell to a proper level when the pressure of the hydrogen storage device 20 is large. Preferably, the gas pressure sensor 31 is provided in the gas inlet passage 341 of the pressure reducing valve 34 so that the hydrogen pressure detected by the gas pressure sensor 31 coincides with the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20. In other words, the gas pressure sensor 31 is not necessarily provided inside the hydrogen storage device 20, but may be provided in the intake passage 341 of the pressure reducing valve 34. More preferably, the gas pressure sensor 31 is a piezoelectric sensor, which can generate a corresponding electrical signal according to the hydrogen gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20, and transmit the electrical signal to the data processing module 41 of the hydrogen fuel cell.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the pressure reducing valve 34 includes a pressure control module 343 and at least one pressure reducing element 344, wherein the pressure control module 343 of the pressure reducing valve 34 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 31 to receive the data of the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20 sensed or detected by the pressure sensor 31, so that the pressure control module 343 of the pressure reducing valve 34 can control the pressure reducing element 344 of the pressure reducing valve 34 to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen output from the hydrogen storage device 20 according to the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20 sensed or detected by the pressure sensor 31, so as to meet the requirements of the hydrogen fuel cell stack. Optionally, the data processing module 41 is electrically connected to the pressure reducing valve 34, the pressure sensor 31 transmits the data of the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected or sensed by the pressure sensor 31 to the data processing module 41, and the data processing module 41 controls the pressure reducing element 344 of the pressure reducing valve 34 to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen gas output from the hydrogen storage device 20 according to the pressure of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected or sensed by the pressure sensor 31. In other embodiments, the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes at least one upper computer 60, wherein the upper computer 60 is connected to the data processing module 41 in a wired or wireless connection manner, the data processing module 41 directly or through the communication modules 43 and 44 transmits the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell to the upper computer 60, and the upper computer 60 displays the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell through a display screen.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the control unit 40 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes a time control module 45, wherein the time control module 45 of the control unit 40 is configured to provide a time value to the control unit 40, so that the control unit 40 can control the gas pressure sensor 31 to detect the gas pressure (or pressure) in the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell and obtain a preset time period (or preset detection time period) T according to the time value provided by the time control module 45τInternal initial pressure P1And ending the gas pressure P2，And calculates the remaining hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell to be able to support the hydrogen fuel cell up-time (or power supply time) according to the corresponding formula.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4 of the drawings, the control unit 40 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention further includes a data buffer module 46, wherein the data buffer module 46 is configured to store or temporarily store the hydrogen gas pressure data detected by the gas pressure sensor 31. In other words, when the data processing module 41 needs to provide the fuel cell power supply time data to the control module 46 of the control unit 40, the data processing module 41 can read or obtain the preset period T closest to the current time from the data processing module 41τInternal initial pressure P1And ending the gas pressure P2To more accurately estimate the current amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell to support the uptime (or power up time) of the fuel cell. In other words, although the current amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell can support the up-time (or power supply time) of the fuel cell, the current time may be the end time of a preset time period, T, from the current time onwardτTime (t)1) Is calculated as the starting time of the preset time period. However, the device is not suitable for use in a kitchenIn practice, however, the current amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell will support the normal operation time of the fuel cell, which is still periodic, typically the time of power supply to the fuel cell at the end of the previous preset time period unless the current time is exactly the end time of the previous preset time period or the start time of the next preset time period. Preferably, the preset detection time period TτIs not more than 5 minutes. More preferably, the preset detection time period TτThe size of (A) is 5 to 30 seconds.
Fig. 5 to 7 of the drawings show an alternative implementation of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the hydrogen fuel cell comprises at least one hydrogen fuel cell stack 10, at least one hydrogen storage device 20, at least one gas pressure sensor 31, at least one temperature sensor 35 and at least one control unit 40, wherein the control unit 40 comprises at least one data processing module 41, wherein the hydrogen storage device 20 is configured and adapted to provide hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel cell stack 10, the gas pressure sensor 31 is configured and arranged to detect the gas pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 10 in real time, the temperature sensor 35 is configured and arranged to detect the temperature in the hydrogen storage device 10 in real time, and the data processing module 41 is configured and arranged to be electrically connected with the gas pressure sensor 31 and the temperature sensor 35 respectively so as to obtain (or receive) the gas pressure (data) of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 10 detected by the gas pressure sensor 31 and the gas pressure (data) detected by the temperature sensor 35 Temperature (data) within the hydrogen plant 10, wherein the data processing 41 module is configured to:
Figure BDA0001718465870000161
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For a predetermined detection period TτInitially, the pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device 202For a predetermined detection period TτAt the end, the gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device 200For fuel cells enablingMinimum hydrogen pressure, T, of the hydrogen storage device 20 for efficient hydrogen utilization1For a predetermined detection period TτInitially, the temperature, T, of the hydrogen storage device 202For a predetermined detection period TτAt the end, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device 200The pressure of the hydrogen storage device 20 is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device 20, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor. Preferably, the temperature sensor 35 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention detects the temperature in time synchronization with the pressure sensor 31 detecting the pressure of the gas in the hydrogen storage device 20. For example, when the air pressure sensor 31 is at time t1And time t1+tτ(t2) The temperature sensor 35 detects the pressure in the hydrogen storage device 20 at time t1And time t1+tτ(t2) Respectively detecting the temperature T in the hydrogen storage device 201And T2。
As shown in fig. 5 to 7 of the drawings, the alternative implementation of the hydrogen fuel cell according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention further includes another first filter 51, wherein the first filter 51 is disposed between the temperature sensor 25 and the data processing module 41, wherein the first filter 51 is configured to filter the temperature data detected by the temperature sensor 35 and generated by the temperature sensor 20, so as to reduce or even eliminate the interference of the environmental noise on the measurement result of the temperature in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the temperature sensor 35. It is understood that the first filter 51 can be disposed between the temperature sensor 35 and an analog-to-digital conversion module 42, the first filter 51 is disposed to directly process the analog signal detected by the temperature sensor 35, and when the analog-to-digital conversion module 42 is disposed between the temperature sensor 35 and the first filter 51, the first filter 51 processes the digital signal of the temperature in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the temperature sensor 35 converted by the analog-to-digital conversion module 42.
It should be noted that the power supply time estimation method (or system) comprehensively considering the air pressure and temperature change in the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell has a wider application range, and can effectively eliminate the influence of the temperature change in the hydrogen storage device 20 on the amount of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 20. Therefore, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is particularly suitable for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell with large variation amplitude of the environmental temperature (the temperature in the hydrogen storage device), particularly with the temperature variation of more than 10 ℃. The power supply time estimation method of the hydrogen fuel cell requires detection of the air pressure (change) in the hydrogen storage device 20 and the temperature (change) in the hydrogen storage device 20, which provides more accurate estimation results. In addition, considering that the temperature inside the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell is very different, especially when the material of the hydrogen storage device 20 is made of material with good heat conductivity, the temperature is not much different from the temperature of the environment. Thus, in some embodiments, the temperature sensor 35 of the hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention is disposed in the environment in which the hydrogen storage device 20 is located, rather than being disposed inside the hydrogen storage device 20. The temperature sensor 35 is disposed in the environment of the hydrogen storage device 20, for example, on the outer surface of the hydrogen storage device 20, which can greatly reduce the manufacturing difficulty and cost of the hydrogen storage device 20. It is to be understood that the temperature sensor 35 may be any type of temperature sensor. Preferably, the temperature sensor 35 is a temperature-resistance sensor. Further, the control unit 40 can control the temperature sensor 35 to detect the internal temperature of the hydrogen storage device 20 of the hydrogen fuel cell (or the ambient temperature of the hydrogen storage device 20) according to the time value provided by the time control module 45.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides a power supply time estimation system for a fuel cell, especially a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a gas pressure sensor 31 for detecting the gas pressure of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen storage device 20 in real time and at least one data processing module 41, wherein the data processing module 41 is electrically connected to the gas pressure sensor 31 for receiving the gas pressure (data) in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the gas pressure sensor 31, wherein the data processing module 41 is configured to be capable of performing the following operations according to the following formula:
calculated in a preset detection period TτThen, the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, where T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage unit2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device0For fuel cells to be able to effectively utilize the minimum gas pressure, Z, of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
According to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention further provides another power supply time estimation system for a fuel cell, especially a hydrogen fuel cell, which comprises a pressure sensor 31 for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen storage device 20 in real time, a temperature sensor 35 and at least one data processing module 41, wherein the data processing module 41 is electrically connected to the pressure sensor 31 and the temperature sensor 35 for receiving the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the pressure sensor 31 and the temperature data in the hydrogen storage device 20 detected by the temperature sensor 35, wherein the data processing module 41 is configured to be able to perform the following operations according to the following formulas:
Figure BDA0001718465870000182
calculated after a preset detection period TτThen, the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, where T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the gas pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0For fuel cells to be able to effectively utilize the minimum gas pressure, T, of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the temperature (or starting temperature), T, in the hydrogen storage device0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0The temperature (or end temperature) within the hydrogen storage device may be considered to be the temperature T2Same, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
Therefore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the power supply time estimation system for a hydrogen fuel cell of the present invention may be used for other types of fuel cells, such as methanol fuel cells, hydrazine fuel cells, gaseous hydrocarbon fuel cells, and/or carbon monoxide fuel cells, among others. Therefore, the type of fuel used by the fuel cell should not be construed as limiting the invention.
As shown in fig. 4 of the drawings, the present invention further provides a method for estimating the power supply time of a fuel cell, particularly a hydrogen fuel cell, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
(A) detecting and acquiring a predetermined period TτThe initial gas pressure P in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell1Ending the gas pressure P2(ii) a And
(B) according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001718465870000191
calculated to obtain the time of the preset detection period TτAt the end, the power supply time T of the hydrogen fuel cell, where P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0So that the fuel cell can effectively utilize the minimum gas pressure, Z, of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1Is qiPressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(C) according to the following formula:
Yn＝a*Xn+(1-a)*Yn-1for the detected initial pressure (P) of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device1) Data and end air pressure (P)2) The data is filtered, wherein XnIs the nth sampled value, Yn-1Is the n-1 th filter output value, YnIs the nth filtered output value, a is the filter coefficient, and generally satisfies 0<a<1, wherein the filter has a corresponding cut-off frequency fP＝a/(2πTτ)，TτIs a sampling period, wherein step (C) is located between step (A) and step (B).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(D) and (c) performing a clipping process on the calculated detected hydrogen fuel cell power supply time to eliminate apparently abnormal hydrogen fuel cell (continuous) operation time data, wherein step (D) is located after step (B).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(E) storing the initial pressure P1And ending the gas pressure P2And (c) data is sent to a data caching module, wherein the step (E) is positioned between the step (A) and the step (B).
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(F) setting a cutoff frequency of a first filter based on ambient noise, wherein the first filter is configured to detect the starting pressure P of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1Data and the ending pressure P2Filtering the data, and filtering the filtered initial pressure P1Data and the ending pressure P2The data is transmitted to a data processing module, wherein step (F) precedes step (C).
As shown in fig. 7 of the drawings, the present invention further provides another method for estimating the power supply time of a fuel cell, particularly a hydrogen fuel cell, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, which comprises the steps of:
(A) detecting and acquiring a predetermined period TτThe initial pressure P of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell1Ending the gas pressure P2The initial temperature T of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1End temperature T2(ii) a And
(B) according to the following formula:
Figure BDA0001718465870000201
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum pressure of hydrogen, T, in the hydrogen storage device for the fuel cell to enable efficient hydrogen utilization1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method for estimating the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell further comprises the following steps:
(C) according to the following formula:
Yn＝a*Xn+(1-a)*Yn-1filtering the detected initial gas pressure data, end gas pressure data, initial temperature data and end temperature data of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device, wherein X isnIs the nth sampled value, Yn-1Is the n-1 th filter output value, YnIs the nth filtered output value, a is the filter coefficient, and generally satisfies 0<a<1, wherein the filter has a corresponding cut-off frequency fP＝a/(2πTτ)，TτIs a sampling period, wherein step (C) is located between step (A) and step (B).
It will be appreciated by persons skilled in the art that the embodiments of the invention described above and shown in the drawings are given by way of example only and are not limiting of the invention.
The objects of the invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been shown and described in the examples, and any variations or modifications of the embodiments of the present invention may be made without departing from the principles.

Claims (39)

1. A hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
at least one hydrogen fuel cell stack;
at least one hydrogen storage device, wherein the hydrogen storage device is adapted to provide hydrogen gas to the hydrogen fuel cell stack;
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device in real time; and
at least one control unit, wherein the control unit comprises a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connected to the pressure sensor to obtain the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to:
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum hydrogen pressure, Z, for the fuel cell to enable efficient use of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
2. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 1, further comprising at least a first filter, wherein the first filter is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the data processing module, wherein the first filter is configured to filter the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor.
3. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is provided in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an intake passage, wherein the intake passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, wherein the gas pressure sensor is provided in the intake passage of the pressure reducing valve, so that the hydrogen pressure detected by the gas pressure sensor coincides with the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device.
4. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is provided in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an intake passage, wherein the intake passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, wherein the gas pressure sensor is provided in the intake passage of the pressure reducing valve, so that the hydrogen pressure detected by the gas pressure sensor coincides with the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device.
5. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 1 further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-A (P)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
6. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 4 further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-A (P)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
7. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 2, 4 or 6, characterized in that the cutoff frequency of the first filter is 50 Hz.
8. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, further comprising at least one first communication module, wherein the first communication module is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the first communication module is configured to communicate with a second communication module, so as to transmit or transmit the power supply time data of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to the second communication module.
9. A power supply time estimation system for a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in real time; and
at least one data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connected to the pressure sensor to obtain a hydrogen gas pressure within the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to:
Figure FDA0001718465860000021
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum hydrogen pressure, Z, for the fuel cell to enable efficient use of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
10. The system of claim 9, further comprising at least a first filter, wherein the first filter is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the data processing module, wherein the first filter is configured to filter the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor.
11. The system according to claim 9, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is disposed in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an inlet passage, wherein the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, and wherein the pressure sensor is disposed in the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve such that the pressure of hydrogen detected by the pressure sensor coincides with the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device.
12. The system according to claim 10, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is disposed in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an inlet passage, wherein the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, and wherein the pressure sensor is disposed in the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve such that the pressure of hydrogen detected by the pressure sensor coincides with the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device.
13. The system of claim 9, further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-a (P ·)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
14. The power supply time estimation system of claim 12, characterized in thatCharacterized in that the device further comprises at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is arranged to be electrically connected with the data processing module, and the limiting filter is arranged to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-A (P)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
15. The system of claim 10, 12 or 14, wherein the cutoff frequency of the first filter is 50 Hz.
16. A hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
at least one hydrogen fuel cell stack;
at least one hydrogen storage device, wherein the hydrogen storage device is adapted to provide hydrogen gas to the hydrogen fuel cell stack;
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device in real time;
a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the hydrogen storage device in real time; and
at least one control unit, wherein the control unit comprises a data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connectable to the gas pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, respectively, to obtain a hydrogen gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device detected by the gas pressure sensor and a temperature in the hydrogen storage device detected by the temperature sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to be capable of:
Figure FDA0001718465860000041
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum pressure of hydrogen, T, in the hydrogen storage device for the fuel cell to enable efficient hydrogen utilization1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
17. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 16 further comprising at least a first filter, wherein the first filter is electrically coupled to the pressure sensor and the data processing module, wherein the first filter is configured to filter the pressure data within the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor.
18. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 16 further comprising at least two first filters, one of the first filters being electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the data processing module and configured to filter the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor; the other first filter is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the data processing module in an electrifying way and is arranged to filter the temperature data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the temperature sensor.
19. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 16, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is provided in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an intake passage, wherein the intake passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, wherein the gas pressure sensor is provided in the intake passage of the pressure reducing valve, so that the hydrogen pressure detected by the gas pressure sensor coincides with the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device.
20. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 18, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is provided in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an inlet passage, wherein the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, wherein the gas pressure sensor is provided in the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve, so that the hydrogen pressure detected by the gas pressure sensor coincides with the gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device.
21. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 16 further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-a (P ·)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average operating time of the hydrogen fuel cell at the rated power and with the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell being charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
22. The hydrogen fuel cell of claim 20 further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-a (P ·)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
23. The hydrogen fuel cell according to claim 17, 18, 20 or 22, characterized in that the cutoff frequency of the first filter is 50 Hz.
24. A power supply time estimation system for a hydrogen fuel cell, characterized by comprising:
a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell in real time;
a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature in the hydrogen storage device in real time; and
at least one data processing module, wherein the data processing module is configured to be electrically connected to the gas pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, respectively, to obtain the hydrogen gas pressure in the hydrogen storage device detected by the gas pressure sensor and the temperature in the hydrogen storage device detected by the temperature sensor, wherein the data processing module is configured to be capable of:
Figure FDA0001718465860000061
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum pressure of hydrogen, T, in the hydrogen storage device for the fuel cell to enable efficient hydrogen utilization1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature in the hydrogen storage deviceDegree, T2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
25. The system of claim 24, further comprising at least a first filter, wherein the first filter is electrically coupled to the pressure sensor and the data processing module, wherein the first filter is configured to filter the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor.
26. The system according to claim 24, further comprising at least two first filters, wherein one of the first filters is electrically connected to the pressure sensor and the data processing module, and is configured to filter the pressure data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the pressure sensor; the other first filter is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the data processing module in an electrifying way and is arranged to filter the temperature data in the hydrogen storage device detected by the temperature sensor.
27. The system according to claim 24, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is disposed in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an inlet passage, wherein the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, and wherein the pressure sensor is disposed in the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve such that the pressure of hydrogen detected by the pressure sensor is in accordance with the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device.
28. The system according to claim 26, further comprising at least one pressure reducing valve, wherein the pressure reducing valve is disposed in communication with the hydrogen storage device, wherein the pressure reducing valve has an inlet passage, wherein the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve is in communication with an outlet of the hydrogen storage device, and wherein the pressure sensor is disposed in the inlet passage of the pressure reducing valve such that the pressure of hydrogen detected by the pressure sensor is in accordance with the pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device.
29. The system of claim 24, further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-a (P ·)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
30. The system of claim 28, further comprising at least one limiting filter, wherein the limiting filter is configured to be electrically connected to the data processing module, wherein the limiting filter is configured to limit the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell calculated by the data processing module to 0-a (P ·)H2/PMax) Between Min, where PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxThe maximum hydrogen gas pressure allowed for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, and a is the average operating time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power with the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell being charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure.
31. The power supply time estimation system of claim 25, 26, 28 or 30, wherein the cutoff frequency of the first filter is 50 Hz.
32. A method for estimating a hydrogen fuel cell power up time, comprising the steps of:
(A) detecting and acquiring a predetermined period TτThe initial gas pressure P in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell1Ending the gas pressure P2(ii) a And
(B) according to the following formula:
calculated to obtain the time of the preset detection period TτAt the end, the power supply time T of the hydrogen fuel cell, where P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0So that the fuel cell can effectively utilize the minimum gas pressure, Z, of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
33. The method of claim 32, further comprising the steps of:
(C) according to the following formula:
Yn＝a*Xn+(1-a)*Yn-1filtering the detected initial pressure data and the detected final pressure data of the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device, wherein X isnIs the nth sampled value, Yn-1Is the n-1 th filter output value, YnIs the nth filtered output value, a is the filter coefficient, and generally satisfies 0<a<1, wherein the filter has a corresponding cut-off frequency fP＝a/(2πTτ)，TτIs a sampling period, wherein step (C) is located between step (A) and step (B).
34. The method of claim 32, further comprising the steps of:
(D) limiting the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell to 0-A (P)H2/PMax) Time unit of which PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxAllowing a maximum hydrogen gas pressure for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, a being an average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure, wherein step (D) is located after step (B).
35. The method of claim 32, further comprising the steps of:
(F) setting a cutoff frequency of a first filter based on ambient noise, wherein the first filter is configured to detect the starting pressure P of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1Data and the ending pressure P2Filtering the data, and filtering the filtered initial pressure P1Data and the ending pressure P2The data is transmitted to a data processing module, wherein step (F) precedes step (C).
36. A method for estimating a hydrogen fuel cell power up time, comprising the steps of:
(A) detecting and acquiring a predetermined period TτThe initial pressure P of hydrogen gas in the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell1Ending the gas pressure P2The initial temperature T of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1End temperature T2(ii) a And
(B) according to the following formula:
Figure FDA0001718465860000081
calculated after a preset detection period TτWhen the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell is short, wherein T is the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell, P1For the preset detection period TτInitially, the pressure of hydrogen gas, P, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the hydrogen pressure, P, in the hydrogen storage device0Minimum pressure of hydrogen, T, in the hydrogen storage device for the fuel cell to enable efficient hydrogen utilization1For the preset detection period TτAt the beginning, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device2For the preset detection period TτAt the end, the temperature, T, in the hydrogen storage device0The pressure of the hydrogen storage device is P0When the temperature in the hydrogen storage device, Z0At an air pressure of P0Hydrogen compression factor of Z1At an air pressure of P1Hydrogen compression factor of Z2At an air pressure of P2Hydrogen compression factor.
37. The method of claim 36, further comprising the steps of:
(C) according to the following formula:
Yn＝a*Xn+(1-a)*Yn-1filtering the detected initial gas pressure data, end gas pressure data, and initial temperature data and end temperature data of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device, wherein XnIs the nth sampled value, Yn-1Is the n-1 th filter output value, YnIs the nth filtered output value, a is the filter coefficient, and generally satisfies 0<a<1, wherein the filter has a corresponding cut-off frequency fP＝a/(2πTτ)，TτIs a sampling period, wherein step (C) is located between step (A) and step (B).
38. The method of claim 36, further comprising the steps of:
(D) limiting the power supply time of the hydrogen fuel cell to 0-A (P)H2/PMax)Time unit of which PH2Is the current hydrogen gas pressure, P, of the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cellMaxAllowing a maximum hydrogen gas pressure for the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell, a being an average run time of the hydrogen fuel cell tested at rated power when the hydrogen storage device of the hydrogen fuel cell is charged to the maximum hydrogen gas pressure, wherein step (D) is located after step (B).
39. The method of claim 36, further comprising the steps of:
(F) setting a cutoff frequency of a first filter based on ambient noise, wherein the first filter is configured to detect the starting pressure P of hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device1Data and the ending pressure P2Filtering the data, and filtering the filtered initial pressure P1Data and the ending pressure P2The data is transmitted to a data processing module, wherein step (F) precedes step (C).
CN201810720129.8A 2018-07-03 2018-07-03 Hydrogen fuel cell and power supply time estimation system and method thereof Pending CN110676492A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4228040A1 (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-16 Powidian Method for estimating the remaining range of an autonomous generator set and associated devices

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4228040A1 (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-16 Powidian Method for estimating the remaining range of an autonomous generator set and associated devices
FR3132764A1 (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-08-18 Powidian Method for estimating the remaining autonomy of an autonomous generating set and associated devices

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