CN110676454B - Application of pyrrolopyrrole derivative in lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Application of pyrrolopyrrole derivative in lithium ion battery Download PDF

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CN110676454B
CN110676454B CN201911079457.5A CN201911079457A CN110676454B CN 110676454 B CN110676454 B CN 110676454B CN 201911079457 A CN201911079457 A CN 201911079457A CN 110676454 B CN110676454 B CN 110676454B
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pyrrolopyrrole
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蔺红桃
张志强
柳玉英
许子琛
侯圣贤
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Shandong University of Technology
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery preparation, and particularly relates to an application of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative in a lithium ion battery. The lithium ion battery is prepared by adopting an organic electrode, and the pyrrolopyrrole derivative is used as a material for preparing the organic electrode. And assembling the battery shell, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in sequence to obtain the lithium ion battery. The pyrrolo-pyrrole derivative lithium ion battery has high specific capacitance and high cycle stability, remarkably overcomes the defects of low voltage caused by the limited characteristics of carbonyl and poor stability caused by easy decomposition of a small molecular structure, and provides an idea for preparing a low-cost high-capacity and high-stability electrode material.

Description

Application of pyrrolopyrrole derivative in lithium ion battery
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery preparation, and particularly relates to an application of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative in a lithium ion battery.
Background
The traditional energy resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and the like face the problems of shortage of reserves, bad influence on the environment and the like. In recent years, there has been a strong demand for the research of a high-capacity, environmentally friendly energy storage device. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high voltage, high capacitance, long cycle life, high rate performance and the like, can meet the energy supply requirements of people in the aspects of travel, daily life and the like, and is relatively low in damage to the environment. Currently, the research on lithium ion batteries mainly can be divided into two aspects: one is an inorganic material used as an electrode material, and the other is an organic material used as an electrode material.
Inorganic substanceThe material has been rapidly improved in the last two decades when used as an electrode material of a lithium ion battery, and compared with lead, nickel and nickel-hydrogen batteries, the excellent comprehensive battery performance of the material has attracted much attention and is widely applied. Inorganic materials are commonly used as the positive electrode of lithium ion batteries, but are limited by their theoretical capacity and structural stability, making it difficult to further increase their energy density, such as LiCoO2And LiFePO4. Secondly, the large-scale use of transition metal complexes such as Fe, Co, Ni, Mn and the like is not only expensive, but also unfavorable for environmental protection.
Subsequently, the related art has synthesized and studied various organic disulfide compounds such as cyclic disulfide polyamide, copolymer of 2, 2-dithiodiphenylamine and aniline, phenyl polyorganodisulfide, etc., and studied electrochemical properties. The research on the battery electrode material aiming at the organic sulfur mainly aims at sulfur dichloride and thioether bonds, but the characteristics of high theoretical capacity and low voltage are ubiquitous. The compound composed of free radicals is mainly researched by oxynitride, but the compound is generally low in capacitance and low in practical application value, but the voltage of the compound serving as a positive electrode material is high. The third is carbonyl compounds, which generally contain two or more redox active sites and provide larger theoretical capacitance, but generally have lower voltage. Currently, research on carbonyl compounds has focused mainly on benzoquinone derivatives, naphthalimides, pyrroles and the like, and carbonyl compounds attract much interest due to their high theoretical capacity, high reversibility.
Therefore, the development of an organic electrode material with considerable theoretical capacity, long stability, low price and environmental friendliness is a work with great scientific research significance. Although many researches on organic electrode materials have been conducted, the kinds of organic electrode materials are still limited and electrochemical properties are not ideal, and it is very necessary to develop a novel high-performance conjugated carbonyl organic material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an application of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative in a lithium ion battery, wherein the pyrrolopyrrole derivative is firstly used as an electrode material of the lithium ion battery, and the prepared electrode material has the characteristics of high specific capacitance and high cycle stability, and the defects of low voltage and poor stability caused by easy decomposition of a small molecular structure due to the limited characteristics of carbonyl are obviously overcome.
The application of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative in the lithium ion battery comprises the steps of preparing the lithium ion battery by adopting an organic electrode and taking the pyrrolopyrrole derivative as a material for preparing the organic electrode.
The material of the organic electrode includes a pyrrolopyrrole derivative, a conductive additive, and a binder.
The organic electrode is an organic positive electrode or an organic negative electrode, preferably an organic negative electrode.
The molecular structural formula of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative is as follows:
Figure BDA0002263478810000021
wherein R is-CH2COOC(CH3)3、-(CH2)5CH3or-CH (CH)2CH3)(CH2)3CH3In the above-mentioned manner, the first and second substrates are,
ar is one of the following structural formulas:
Figure BDA0002263478810000022
the conductive additive is carbon black (SP), and the binder is Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF).
The mass ratio of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative to the conductive additive to the binder is 5-8:1-4: 1.
The application of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative in the lithium ion battery also comprises the step of preparing the lithium ion battery by adopting a battery shell, a lithium sheet, an electrolyte solution, a diaphragm, a gasket and a spring sheet.
The lithium sheet serves as a counter electrode.
The electrolyte solution is LiPF6The concentration of the solution and the electrolyte solution is 1 mol/L.
The diaphragm is made of glass fiber.
The application of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative in the lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
(1) respectively adding the pyrrolopyrrole derivative, the conductive additive, the binder and the solvent into a mortar which is continuously ground, continuously grinding to obtain uniform slurry, coating the slurry on a metal foil to obtain an organic electrode, drying in vacuum, cooling, and slicing the organic electrode for later use;
(2) and under the condition of nitrogen, assembling the battery shell, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in the glove box in sequence to obtain the lithium ion battery.
In the step (1), the solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), and 5mLNMP is required to be added for every 100mg of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative.
The viscosity of the slurry in the step (1) is 3900-.
The metal foil in the step (1) is an aluminum foil or a copper foil; when the organic electrode is an organic cathode, the metal foil is a copper foil.
The diameter of the organic electrode slice in the step (1) is 12 mm.
The invention provides a novel organic lithium ion battery material, the main body of which is a pyrrolopyrrole derivative, the interior of which is provided with a plurality of redox active sites, the voltage and the stability of which are researched through different substitutes and branched chains, and the novel organic lithium ion battery material has good electrochemical performance. The molecular structure of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative mainly researched by the invention is shown as follows:
Figure BDA0002263478810000041
wherein R is-CH2COOC(CH3)3、-(CH2)5CH3or-CH (CH)2CH3)(CH2)3CH3One kind of (1).
The application of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative in the lithium ion battery comprises the following specific steps:
(1) the preparation process of the organic electrode is as follows: since the pyrrolopyrrole derivatives are poor in conductivity, it is necessary to add a conductive additive, carbon black (SP), to enhance the conductivity of the electrode when it is prepared into an organic electrode. The pyrrole and pyrrole derivative, the conductive additive and the binder are respectively added into a mortar for continuous grinding, and a proper amount of solvent (a small amount is added for a plurality of times and slowly dropped) is added for mixing and grinding, so as to prepare the slurry with the viscosity of 3900-. And uniformly coating the ground slurry on a metal foil by using a medical scraper, then putting the metal foil into a vacuum oven, drying the metal foil overnight at 90 ℃ under a vacuum condition, and cooling. The cooled organic electrode was finally removed, sliced with a microtome (12 mm diameter) and weighed for subsequent button cell assembly.
(2) Assembling the battery: the organic electrode does not need to be pretreated, and the organic electrode can be assembled in a glove box filled with nitrogen according to the sequence of a battery shell, a lithium sheet, an electrolyte solution, a diaphragm, the organic electrode, a gasket and a shrapnel.
When the battery is measured, the quality of the pyrrolopyrrole derivatives in the organic electrode is calculated by the formula a.
Formula a: the mass of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative in the organic electrode (mass of organic electrode-mass of metal foil) x the percentage of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative to the total mass of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative, the conductive additive, and the binder.
The mass of the copper foil with a diameter of 12mm in the present invention was 9.8 mg.
The invention can prepare the lithium ion battery with high capacity and environmental protection.
The invention has an innovative work that the commonly used pyrrolopyrrole derivative containing heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon thiophene, furan, pyridine and benzene ring in the photoelectric material is firstly used for the organic electrode of the lithium ion battery, and obtains very considerable performance. For example, a lithium battery prepared from the pyrrolopyrrole Thiophene Dihexane (TDPP) has the reversible specific capacity of more than or equal to 250mAh/g and the charge-discharge cycle number of more than or equal to 70 circles under the current density of 100mA/g, and the capacitance can be increased to 400mA/g after 70 circles of circulation.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the pyrrolo-pyrrole derivative lithium ion battery has high specific capacitance and high cycle stability, remarkably overcomes the defects of low voltage caused by the limited characteristics of carbonyl and poor stability caused by easy decomposition of a small molecular structure, and provides an idea for preparing a low-cost high-capacity and high-stability electrode material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cyclic voltammogram of a lithium ion battery prepared in example 1 using pyrrolopyrrole Thiophene Dihexane (TDPP); wherein the scanning rate is 0.1mV/s, and the voltage range is 0-3.5V.
FIG. 2 is a graph of the cycling performance of the lithium ion battery of example 1 prepared with pyrrolopyrrolethiophenedihexane (TDPP) at current densities of 100mA/g and 200 mA/g.
FIG. 3 is a GCD curve for cycles 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 at a current density of 100mA/g for a lithium ion battery prepared in example 1 using pyrrolopyrrolethiophenedihexane (TDPP).
FIG. 4 is a cyclic voltammogram of a lithium ion battery prepared in example 2 using pyrrolopyrrole Furan Dihexane (FDPP); wherein the scanning speed is 0.1mV/s, and the voltage range is 0-3V.
FIG. 5 is a graph of the cycling performance of the lithium ion battery of example 2 prepared with pyrrolopyrrole Furan Dihexane (FDPP) at current densities of 100mA/g, 200mA/g, 500mA/g and 1000 mA/g.
FIG. 6 is a GCD curve for cycles 1, 5, 10, 25, 50 at a current density of 100mA/g for a lithium ion battery prepared in example 2 using pyrrolopyrrole Furanbishexane (FDPP).
Fig. 7 is a graph of the rate at 100, 200, 500, 1000mA/g current density for the lithium ion battery prepared with pyrrolopyrrole thiophene bis-hexane (TDPP) in example 1 and the lithium ion battery prepared with pyrrolopyrrole furan bis-hexane (FDPP) in example 2, respectively.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The lithium ion battery is prepared by adopting pyrrolo-pyrrole-Thiophene Dihexane (TDPP). Grinding the pyrrolopyrrole thiophene dihexyl, the carbon black (SP) and the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) in a continuously grinding mortar according to a mass ratio of 6:3:1, adding NMP (5 mL of NMP is required to be added for every 100mg of pyrrolopyrrole thiophene dihexyl, and adding a small amount of NMP for multiple times and slowly dropwise) to serve as a solvent for mixing, and preparing slurry with the viscosity of 4000 cp. And uniformly coating the ground slurry on a copper foil by using a medical scraper, and then putting the copper foil into a vacuum oven to dry at 90 ℃ overnight under a vacuum condition. Finally, the cooled organic negative electrode was taken out, sliced with a microtome (diameter 12mm) and used for the subsequent assembly of button cells (weight mass of organic negative electrode 10.45 mg). And assembling the lithium battery, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic negative electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in sequence in a glove box filled with nitrogen. The button cell was compacted using a pressure of 5MPa and the mass of pyrrolopyrrole thiophene dihexane was calculated by equation a to be 0.39 mg. The electrochemical test results are shown in table 1.
Example 2
Lithium ion batteries were prepared using pyrrolopyrrole Furan Dihexane (FDPP). Grinding the pyrrolopyrrole furan dihexyl, the carbon black (SP) and the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) in a continuously grinding mortar according to the mass ratio of 7:2:1, adding NMP (5 mL of NMP is required to be added for every 100mg of pyrrolopyrrole furan dihexyl, and adding a small amount of NMP for multiple times and slowly dropwise) to serve as a solvent for mixing, and preparing slurry with the viscosity of 4000 cp. And uniformly coating the ground slurry on a copper foil by using a medical scraper, and then putting the copper foil into a vacuum oven to dry at 90 ℃ overnight under a vacuum condition. Finally, the cooled organic negative electrode was taken out and sliced with a microtome (diameter 12mm) for subsequent assembly of button cells (weight mass of organic negative electrode 10.50 mg). And assembling the lithium battery, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic negative electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in sequence in a glove box filled with nitrogen. The button cells were compacted using a pressure of 5MPa and the mass of pyrrolopyrrole furan dihexane was calculated by equation a to be 0.49 mg. The electrochemical test results are shown in table 1.
Example 3
A lithium ion battery was prepared using pyrrolopyrrole-pyridine-bis-hexane (PDPP). Grinding the pyrrolopyrrole pyridine dihexyl, the carbon black (SP) and the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) in a continuously grinding mortar according to a mass ratio of 8:1:1, adding NMP (5 mL of NMP is required to be added for every 100mg of pyrrolopyrrole pyridine dihexyl, and adding a small amount of NMP for multiple times and slowly dropwise) to serve as a solvent for mixing, and preparing slurry with the viscosity of 4000 cp. And uniformly coating the ground slurry on a copper foil by using a medical scraper, and then putting the copper foil into a vacuum oven to dry at 90 ℃ overnight under a vacuum condition. Finally, the cooled organic negative electrode was taken out and sliced with a microtome (diameter 12mm) for subsequent assembly of button cells (weight mass of organic negative electrode 10.42 mg). And assembling the lithium battery, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic negative electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in sequence in a glove box filled with nitrogen. The button cells were compacted using a pressure of 5MPa and the mass of pyrrolopyrrole pyridine dihexane was calculated by equation a to be 0.496 mg. The electrochemical test results are shown in table 1.
Example 4
A lithium ion battery is prepared by adopting pyrrolopyrrole benzene ring dihexyl (BDPP). Grinding the pyrrolopyrrole benzene ring dihexyl, the carbon black (SP) and the Polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF) in a continuously grinding mortar according to the mass ratio of 7.5:1.5:1, adding NMP (5 mL of NMP is required to be added to every 100mg of pyrrolopyrrole benzene ring dihexyl, and adding a small amount of NMP for multiple times in a slow dropwise manner) to serve as a solvent for mixing, and preparing slurry with the viscosity of 4000 cp. And uniformly coating the ground slurry on a copper foil by using a medical scraper, and then putting the copper foil into a vacuum oven to dry at 90 ℃ overnight under a vacuum condition. Finally, the cooled organic negative electrode was taken out and sliced with a microtome (diameter 12mm) for subsequent assembly of button cells (weight mass of organic negative electrode 10.75 mg). And assembling the lithium battery, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic negative electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in sequence in a glove box filled with nitrogen. The button cell was compacted using a pressure of 5MPa and the mass of pyrrolopyrrol-phencyclane-bis-hexane was calculated by equation a to be 0.7125 mg. The electrochemical test results are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1
And preparing the lithium ion battery by using 9, 10-anthraquinone. Common conjugated compound anthraquinone molecules are selected, 9, 10-anthraquinone, a conductive additive (carbon black (SP)), and a binder (polytetrafluoroethylene (PVDF)) are prepared according to the mass ratio of 5:4:1, NMP (5 mL of NMP is required to be added to every 100mg of 9, 10-anthraquinone, a small amount of NMP is required to be added for multiple times, and the NMP is slowly added dropwise) to be used as a solvent for mixing, and slurry with the viscosity of 4000cp is prepared. And uniformly coating the ground slurry on a copper foil by using a medical scraper, and then putting the copper foil into a vacuum oven to dry at 90 ℃ overnight under a vacuum condition. Finally, the cooled organic negative electrode was taken out, sliced with a microtome (diameter 12mm) and used for the subsequent assembly of button cells (weight mass of organic negative electrode 10.30 mg). And assembling the lithium battery, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic negative electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in sequence in a glove box filled with nitrogen. The button cell was compacted using a pressure of 5MPa and the mass of 9, 10-anthraquinone was calculated to be 0.25mg by equation a. The electrochemical test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 results of electrochemical tests of examples 1-4 and comparative example 1
Figure BDA0002263478810000071
Figure BDA0002263478810000081
And (4) analyzing results:
the first discharge specific capacity of the pyrrolopyrrole Thiophene Dihexane (TDPP) electrode material in example 1 is 479.9mAh/g, then the material is stabilized at 250mAh/g and gradually increases, and can be increased to 400mAh/g after 70 cycles; the pyrrolopyrrole Furan Dihexane (FDPP) electrode material of example 2 had a first discharge specific capacity of 477mAh/g, was then stabilized at 230mAh/g and gradually increased, and could be increased to 320mAh/g after 70 cycles, which is a phenomenon that the capacity increased due to permeation of an electrolyte solution and activation of an internal material during constant current charge and discharge of the battery. This phenomenon was also confirmed in examples 3 and 4, which increased the capacitance of examples 3, 4 to 210 and 190mAh/g, respectively, after 70 cycles. The capacitance of the representative conjugated carbonyl compound 9, 10-anthraquinone of comparative example 1 decreased to 80mAh/g after 70 cycles. From the above, the material of the present invention is an organic negative electrode material having high specific capacitance and high cycle stability.
At a higher current density of 1000mA/g, the capacitance capability of the material of the invention does not obviously decline. The TDPP in example 1 has a capacitance retention ratio of 75.2% at a current density of 1000mA/g, the FDPP in example 2 has a capacitance retention ratio of 62.1% at a current density of 1000mA/g, the PDPP in example 3 has a capacitance retention ratio of 58.3% at a current density of 100mA/g, and the BDPP in example 4 has a capacitance retention ratio of 57.6% at a current density of 100 mA/g. The capacity retention of the representative conjugated carbonyl compound 9, 10-anthraquinone of comparative example 1 was only 20% of that at 100mA/g at a current density of 1000 mA/g. From the above, the material of the present invention is suitable for use as a fast charge and discharge energy storage device. The invention has wide research value in the application of the lithium ion battery.
The structural formula of TDPP of example 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002263478810000091
the structural formula of FDPP of example 2 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002263478810000092
the PDPP of example 3 has the following structural formula:
Figure BDA0002263478810000093
the formula of BDPP of example 4 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002263478810000094
the structural formula of the 9, 10-anthraquinone of comparative example 1 is as follows:
Figure BDA0002263478810000101
。

Claims (9)

1. the application of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative in the lithium ion battery comprises the step of preparing the lithium ion battery by adopting an organic electrode, and is characterized in that the pyrrolopyrrole derivative is used as a material for preparing the organic electrode;
the organic electrode is an organic anode or an organic cathode;
the molecular structural formula of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative is as follows:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
wherein R is-CH2COOC(CH3)3、-(CH2)5CH3or-CH (CH)2CH3)(CH2)3CH3In the above-mentioned manner, the first and second substrates are,
ar is one of the following structural formulas:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
2. use of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to claim 1 in a lithium ion battery, characterized in that the material of the organic electrode comprises the pyrrolopyrrole derivative, a conductive additive and a binder.
3. Use of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to claim 2 in a lithium ion battery, characterized in that the conductive additive is carbon black and the binder is polytetrafluoroethylene.
4. The use of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to claim 2 for lithium ion batteries, characterized in that the mass ratio of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative, the conductive additive and the binder is 5-8:1-4: 1.
5. The application of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative to the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, further comprising preparing the lithium ion battery by using a battery shell, a lithium sheet, an electrolyte solution, a diaphragm, a gasket and a spring sheet.
6. Use of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to claim 5 in a lithium ion battery, characterized in that the electrolyte solution is LiPF6The solution and the membrane are glass fiber.
7. Use of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in a lithium ion battery, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(1) respectively adding the pyrrolopyrrole derivative, the conductive additive, the binder and the solvent into a mortar which is continuously ground, continuously grinding to obtain uniform slurry, coating the slurry on a metal foil to obtain an organic electrode, drying in vacuum, cooling, and slicing the organic electrode for later use;
(2) and under the condition of nitrogen, assembling the battery shell, the lithium sheet, the electrolyte solution, the diaphragm, the organic electrode, the gasket and the elastic sheet in the glove box in sequence to obtain the lithium ion battery.
8. Use of a pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to claim 7 in a lithium ion battery, characterized in that the solvent in step (1) is N-methylpyrrolidone.
9. The use of the pyrrolopyrrole derivative according to claim 7 for lithium ion batteries, wherein the metal foil in step (1) is aluminum foil or copper foil.
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