CN110673335A - Photonic crystal light splitting device and design method thereof - Google Patents
Photonic crystal light splitting device and design method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to photoelectron and electromagnetic wave communication technologies, and in particular, to a photonic crystal light splitter, a method for designing a photonic crystal light splitter, and a computer readable medium. The design method of the photonic crystal light splitting device provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring an equal frequency map of the photonic crystal, wherein the equal frequency map indicates the distribution condition of resolution parameters of the photonic crystal; determining a target equal frequency line according to the structure of the equal frequency line in the equal frequency graph; performing curve fitting on the target equal frequency line; determining the ideal width of the incident beam according to the fitted curve; and determining the size of the photonic crystal light splitting device according to the target resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and the ideal width of the incident beam. The invention can limit the broadening phenomenon of the light beam in the photonic crystal light splitting device, thereby improving the resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and realizing the miniaturization of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to photoelectron and electromagnetic wave communication technologies, and in particular, to a photonic crystal light splitter, a method for designing a photonic crystal light splitter, and a computer readable medium.
Background
Photonic Crystal (Photonic Crystal) refers to an artificial periodic dielectric structure having Photonic Band Gap (PBG) characteristics. By photonic band gap is meant that electromagnetic waves of a certain frequency range cannot propagate in the periodic structure, i.e. the structure itself presents a "forbidden band".
Similar to the modulation of an electronic wave function by a semiconductor lattice, photonic band gap materials are capable of modulating electromagnetic waves having corresponding wavelengths. When an electromagnetic wave propagates in a photonic band gap material, the electromagnetic wave energy is modulated due to the presence of bragg scattering, forming a band structure. The band gap between the energy bands is a photonic band gap. Photons with energies within the photonic bandgap cannot enter the photonic crystal.
There are many similarities between photonic crystals and semiconductors in basic models and research thinking, and in principle, people can achieve the purpose of controlling photon motion by designing and manufacturing photonic crystals and devices thereof. In short, a photonic crystal has a wavelength selection function of selectively passing light of a certain wavelength band and blocking light of other wavelengths.
The hyper-prism phenomenon in a photonic crystal refers to a phenomenon in which the propagation angle of light in the photonic crystal is greatly deflected due to a slight change in frequency or incident angle. The phenomenon is widely used for designing various light splitting devices, but because the working area of the photonic crystal is mostly positioned in the sharp-angled area of the equal frequency line, the light beam is easy to generate strong broadening in the transmission process, thereby greatly limiting the freedom of device design and increasing the difficulty of miniaturization of the light splitting device.
Therefore, there is a need in the art for a photonic crystal manufacturing technique for limiting the broadening phenomenon of a light beam in a photonic crystal light splitting device, so as to improve the resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and achieve miniaturization of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
Disclosure of Invention
The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects, and is intended to neither identify key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
In order to limit the broadening phenomenon of a light beam in a photonic crystal light splitting device, the invention provides the photonic crystal light splitting device, a design method of the photonic crystal light splitting device and a computer readable medium, which are used for improving the resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and realizing the miniaturization of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
The design method of the photonic crystal light splitting device provided by the invention comprises the following steps: acquiring an equal frequency map of the photonic crystal, wherein the equal frequency map indicates the distribution condition of a resolution parameter (resolution) of the photonic crystal; determining a target equal frequency line according to the structure of the equal frequency line in the equal frequency graph; performing curve fitting on the target equal frequency line; determining the ideal width of the incident beam according to the fitted curve; and determining the size of the photonic crystal light splitting device according to the target resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and the ideal width of the incident beam.
Preferably, in the method for designing a photonic crystal light splitting device provided by the present invention, the obtaining an equal frequency diagram of a photonic crystal may further include the steps of: determining a dielectric material of the photonic crystal according to the working frequency of the photonic crystal; acquiring an isobologram of the photonic crystal of the dielectric material; and responding to the obtained equal frequency map which comprises equal frequency lines with zero curvature, and determining the obtained equal frequency map as a target equal frequency map.
Preferably, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of: and determining the lattice structure of the photonic crystal of the dielectric material as a target lattice structure in response to the obtained equal frequency graph comprising equal frequency lines with zero curvature.
Optionally, in the method for designing a photonic crystal splitter provided by the present invention, the determining a target equal frequency line according to a structure of an equal frequency line in the equal frequency diagram may further include: determining resolution parameters to 10 according to the distribution of the resolution parameters of the photonic crystals in the equal frequency diagram4The continuous area of (a) is a local auto-collimation area; and determining an equal frequency line passing through the local auto-collimation area as the target equal frequency line.
Preferably, in the method for designing a photonic crystal light splitting device provided by the present invention, the determining an equal-frequency line passing through the local auto-collimation region as the target equal-frequency line may further include: and determining that the isofrequency line passes through the local auto-collimation area and the isofrequency line with the maximum r parameter is the target isofrequency line.
Optionally, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopic device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of: determining the normalized frequency corresponding to each equal frequency line in the equal frequency graph according to the lattice structure of the photonic crystal;
the curve fitting of the target equal frequency line may further include the steps of: determining a fitting range according to the width of the incident beam; and performing high-order type curve fitting on the target equal frequency line according to the fitting range, wherein the high-order type curve fitting comprises curve fitting of more than a cubic type.
Optionally, in the method for designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the determining an ideal width of an incident beam according to the fitted curve may further include: determining the light intensity distribution of an incident beam in the broadening direction after the incident beam is refracted into the photonic crystal according to the fitted curve, wherein the broadening direction is parallel to the incident interface; and determining the width of the incident beam to be the ideal width in response to the sum of the energies of all edge peaks of the refracted beam not exceeding 10% of the total energy of the refracted beam.
Preferably, in the method for designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the determining the ideal width of the incident beam according to the fitted curve may further include: determining the width of the incident beam of which the width is smallest as the ideal width in response to a sum of energies of all edge peaks of the plurality of refracted beams not exceeding 10% of a total energy of the corresponding refracted beams.
Optionally, in the method for designing a photonic crystal beam splitter provided by the present invention, the determining a size of the photonic crystal beam splitter according to the target resolution of the photonic crystal beam splitter and the ideal width of the incident beam may further include: determining the distance required for distinguishing two beams with different frequencies of the phase difference target resolution according to the ideal width of the incident beam; and determining the size of the photonic crystal light splitting device in the light beam propagation direction according to the required distance.
Optionally, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopic device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of: determining the structure of the incident waveguide according to the lattice structure of the photonic crystal and the refractive index of the incident waveguide, wherein the structure of the incident waveguide indicates the incident angle of the light beam entering the photonic crystal.
Optionally, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopic device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of: and determining the dielectric material of the incident waveguide and/or the exit waveguide according to the working frequency of the photonic crystal.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided herein a photonic crystal spectroscopy device.
The photonic crystal light splitting device provided by the invention can be designed by any one of the design methods of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable medium is also provided herein.
The computer readable medium provided by the present invention stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions, when executed by a processor, can implement any one of the above methods for designing a photonic crystal light splitting device.
Drawings
The above features and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood upon reading the detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure in conjunction with the following drawings. In the drawings, components are not necessarily drawn to scale, and components having similar relative characteristics or features may have the same or similar reference numerals.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic flow chart of a design method of a photonic crystal light splitting device provided according to an aspect of the present invention.
Fig. 2 illustrates an equal frequency plot of a photonic crystal provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3A-3D are schematic diagrams illustrating curve fitting of a target equal frequency line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of propagation of a light beam to be measured in a local autocollimation area provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIGS. 5A-5D show schematic light intensity distributions corresponding to the fitted curves of FIGS. 3A-3D, provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating light intensity distributions of main peaks of two different frequency light beams according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows a schematic structural diagram of a photonic crystal light splitting device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
a step of a design method of a 101-105 photonic crystal light splitting device;
21 equal frequency line;
22 equal frequency lines with zero curvature;
23 a locally auto-collimating region;
41 main peak;
42 side peak;
61 a first light beam;
62 a second light beam;
71 a photonic crystal;
72 an incident waveguide;
73 exit the waveguide.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the present disclosure. While the invention will be described in connection with the preferred embodiments, there is no intent to limit its features to those embodiments. On the contrary, the invention is described in connection with the embodiments for the purpose of covering alternatives or modifications that may be extended based on the claims of the present invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The invention may be practiced without these particulars. Moreover, some of the specific details have been left out of the description in order to avoid obscuring or obscuring the focus of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Additionally, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "top," "bottom," "horizontal," "vertical" and the like as used in the following description are to be understood as referring to the segment and the associated drawings in the illustrated orientation. The relative terms are used for convenience of description only and do not imply that the described apparatus should be constructed or operated in a particular orientation and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.
It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, regions, layers and/or sections, these elements, regions, layers and/or sections should not be limited by these terms, but rather are used to distinguish one element, region, layer and/or section from another element, region, layer and/or section. Thus, a first component, region, layer or section discussed below could be termed a second component, region, layer or section without departing from some embodiments of the present invention.
In order to limit the broadening phenomenon of a light beam in a photonic crystal light splitting device, the invention provides an embodiment of the photonic crystal light splitting device, an embodiment of a design method of the photonic crystal light splitting device and an embodiment of a computer readable medium, which are used for improving the resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and realizing the miniaturization of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
The photonic crystal light splitting device can be applied to detection instruments in the optical technical field of spectrometers and the like, and can also be applied to the technical field of communication as an optical signal modulator.
In some embodiments, a spectrometer employing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device described above may have a sub-nanometer scale (0.1-0.9 nm) wavelength resolution. The miniaturized spectrometer with high resolution can further detect the absorption peak value of the light beam by the atmosphere in the practical application of detecting the atmospheric gas component by using a remote sensing satellite, and judge the atmospheric component according to the detected characteristic absorption peak value.
In some embodiments, the optical signal modulator using the photonic crystal light splitting device can achieve a sub-nanometer level (0.1-0.9 nm) peak resolution function in a very small space, so that a bundle of composite optical signals is demodulated into a large number of monochromatic optical signals with different frequencies, the wavelength peak of which differs from the sub-nanometer level, and high-speed transmission of a large amount of data is achieved in the form of optical signals.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described spectrometer and the above-described optical signal modulator are only examples of specific applications of the two photonic crystal light splitting devices, and are provided primarily for clearly illustrating the concepts of the present invention and to provide some specific solutions for facilitating public applications, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention. In some embodiments, a person skilled in the art can also apply the photonic crystal light splitting device to other technical fields based on the concept of the present invention, so as to achieve the corresponding technical effects.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for designing a photonic crystal optical splitter according to an aspect of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention may include the steps of:
101: and acquiring an equal frequency diagram of the photonic crystal.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an operator may determine the operating frequency range of the photonic crystal according to the wavelength range of the light beam to be measured, and further determine the dielectric material of the photonic crystal according to the operating frequency range of the photonic crystal.
Specifically, if the light beam to be measured belongs to the infrared band (0.75 μm-300 μm), the operator can use the formula to calculate the position of the light beam
The working frequency of the photonic crystal is determined to be 1THz-400THz, and then semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium and the like are selected as dielectric materials of the photonic crystal. In the formula: f is the working frequency of the photonic crystal, c is the speed of light, and lambda is the wavelength of the light beam to be measured.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned infrared band is only one specific example provided in the present embodiment, and is provided mainly for clearly illustrating the concept of the present invention and providing specific solutions for the implementation of the present invention by the public, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention.
In another embodiment, if the light beam to be measured belongs to the microwave band (0.1 mm-1000 mm), the operator can also use the formula
The working frequency of the photonic crystal is determined to be 300MHz-3000GHz, and then ceramic, glass, plastic and other materials are selected as the dielectric material of the photonic crystal.
Similarly, in other embodiments, based on the concept of the present invention, a person skilled in the art may further adopt a corresponding dielectric material for a light beam to be measured in any electromagnetic wave band, such as a visible light band, a terahertz wave band, and the like.
In one embodiment, the operator can determine the material parameters and the lattice shape of the photonic crystal according to the specific steps provided by the chinese patent "ultra-high resolution photonic crystal super prism and its design method" (CN 104977651A), and the chinese patent "photonic crystal supporting the high frequency sensitivity auto-collimation phenomenon and its design method and application" (CN 104678491A). After determining the dielectric material and the lattice shape of the photonic crystal, an operator may further use a plane wave expansion method, a time domain finite difference method, a finite element method, or other prior art to obtain an equal frequency diagram of the photonic crystal. The method for obtaining the isobologram of the photonic crystal is well known in the prior art and will not be described herein.
The above-mentioned isobologram can indicate the distribution of the resolution parameter r of the photonic crystal in the planar space. Photonic crystals of different lattice structures may have different distributions of iso-frequency patterns.
Referring further to fig. 2, fig. 2 shows an isometric view of a photonic crystal provided in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
In the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, the photonic crystal may be a dielectric cylinder arranged in a rectangular lattice, and the dielectric material may be silicon with a refractive index of 3.4. The photonic crystal has a transverse lattice constant ofaLongitudinal lattice constant ofbRadius of cylinder 0.3aWhereinb=2a. An operator can obtain the equal frequency diagram shown in fig. 2 according to the medium refractive index and the lattice shape of the photonic crystal.
As shown in fig. 2, the abscissa of the isobologramk xCan be the projection of the transverse plane coordinate of the photonic crystal in the K space, and the ordinatek yCan be the projection of the longitudinal plane coordinates of the photonic crystal in K space.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the K space described above is the ordinary spaceDual space under fourier transform. The abscissa in K spacek xAnd ordinatek yThe formed isobologram is only a preferred scheme provided by the embodiment, and is mainly used for providing a specific scheme for facilitating the subsequent curve fitting step for public implementation, and is not used for limiting the protection scope of the invention. In other embodiments, other abscissa and ordinate axes may be used to construct the isobaric diagram of the photonic crystal by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the isobologram of the photonic crystal may include a plurality of isobolograms 21 indicating different normalized frequencies and a large number of data points of different colors.
The normalized frequency may be based on the beam frequencyfAnd the lattice constant of the photonic crystalaCan be calculated as
In the formula: and c is the speed of light. The operator can determine the lattice constant of the photonic crystal according to the product of the operating wavelength of the photonic crystal and the normalized frequencya。
The color of the data points may indicate the log value of the resolution parameter r (resolution) at the corresponding location of the photonic crystal. The resolution parameter r can be a parameter which comprehensively describes the sensitivity of the group velocity direction to the working frequency and the beam broadening effect at a certain wave vector point in the Brillouin zone. The related characteristics and the acquisition mode of the Resolution parameter r can be found in Baba T, Matsumoto T, Resolution of photonic crystal superprism [ J ]. applied Physics Letters, 2002, 81(13): 2325-. The resolution parameter r can be obtained through theoretical calculation or numerical simulation or experiment.
In the above embodiment, in response to the obtained iso-frequency map including the iso-frequency line 22 with zero curvature, the operator may determine that the iso-frequency line in the iso-frequency map has a "lantern" structure. The isochronic lines of this "lantern" structure indicate the locally auto-collimated regions 23 of the isochronic map that have the frequency sensitive auto-collimation phenomenon. Therefore, the operator can respond to the obtained iso-frequency map including the iso-frequency line 22 with zero curvature, and determine that the iso-frequency map shown in fig. 2 is the target iso-frequency map which can realize the frequency-sensitive auto-collimation.
Accordingly, the operator may also determine that the dielectric cylindrical structure arranged in the rectangular lattice is the target lattice structure of the photonic crystal in response to the obtained iso-frequency map including the iso-frequency line 22 having zero curvature.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of:
102: and determining a target equal frequency line according to the structure of the equal frequency line in the equal frequency graph.
In an embodiment of the invention, an operator can determine that the resolution parameter r reaches the ideal resolution parameter r according to the distribution condition of the resolution parameter r of the photonic crystal in the equal frequency diagram0(for example:
) And the continuous area without divergence is the local auto-collimation area 23, and any one of the isochronal lines 21 passing through the local auto-collimation area 23 in fig. 2 is determined as a target isochronal line.
As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the foregoing is
This embodiment is provided merely for the purpose of clearly illustrating the concepts of the present invention and providing a convenient and practical solution for the public, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In other embodiments, based on the concept of the present invention, one skilled in the art can set the desired resolution parameter r according to the actual application requirement0。
Those skilled in the art will also understand that in the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, any one of the equal frequency lines 21 passing through the local auto-collimation region 23 can generate the frequency-sensitive auto-collimation phenomenon, wherein the point with the maximum r parameter in the equal frequency map exists on the equal frequency line closest to the equal frequency line 22 with zero curvature, so that the most significant frequency-sensitive auto-collimation effect can be achieved. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the operator may further determine that the isofrequency line passing through the local auto-collimation region 23 and having the maximum r parameter is the target isofrequency line.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of:
103: and performing curve fitting on the target equal frequency line.
In the embodiment corresponding to fig. 2, the operator may determine the isofrequency line with the normalized frequency of 0.379 as the target isofrequency line, so as to determine the lattice constant of the photonic crystal according to the actual wavelength (e.g., 2600 nm) of the light beam to be measured and the determined normalized frequency (e.g., 0.379)a2600 × 0.379=985 nm; and curve fitting is performed on the target equal frequency line with the normalized frequency of 0.379 according to the width of the incident light beam.
The incident beam may refer to a beam to be measured that does not enter the photonic crystal, and may have any spatial distribution, including but not limited to a gaussian beam. Accordingly, the width of the incident beam may refer to the width of the waist of a gaussian incident beamW 0。
The curve fitting may be specifically a cubic curve fitting:
in the formula: gamma, beta, alpha are the parameters to be fitted,
is the central tangential wave vector that is excited. The fitting range of the curve can be matched with the beam waist width of an incident beamW 0In inverse proportion, for example:
. That is, the wider the beam waist width of the incident beam, the narrower the range of the curve fit.
Referring further to fig. 3A-3D, fig. 3A-3D are schematic diagrams illustrating curve fitting of a target equal frequency line according to an embodiment of the invention.
As shown in figure 3A of the drawings,in one embodiment, the operator may vary the beam waist width of the incident beamW 0Is 8aDetermining a fitting range of the curve as
And performing the cubic curve fitting on the target equal frequency line in the fitting range.
As shown in FIG. 3B, in one embodiment, the operator may vary the width of the waist of the incident beamW 0Is 13aDetermining a fitting range of the curve as
And performing the cubic curve fitting on the target equal frequency line in the fitting range.
As shown in FIG. 3C, in one embodiment, the operator can vary the width of the waist of the incident beamW 0Is 20aDetermining a fitting range of the curve as
And performing the cubic curve fitting on the target equal frequency line in the fitting range.
As shown in FIG. 3D, in one embodiment, the operator may vary the width of the waist of the incident beamW 0Is 30aDetermining a fitting range of the curve as
And performing the cubic curve fitting on the target equal frequency line in the fitting range.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that 8 abovea、13a、20a、30aThe present embodiments are provided merely for the purpose of clearly illustrating the concepts of the present invention and providing a convenient and practical solution for the public, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In other embodiments, those skilled in the art can also perform curve fitting for incident beams of other widths based on the concept of the present invention.
It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned cubic curve fitting is only a specific example provided by the present embodiment, and is mainly used to clearly illustrate the concept of the present invention and provide a specific solution for determining the dispersion relation of photonic crystals, and is not used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. In other embodiments, one skilled in the art may further employ higher order equations to perform the curve fitting described above to more accurately determine the photonic crystal dispersion relationship.
The dual K space of the ordinary space under the Fourier transform is adopted to represent the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the photonic crystal, the cubic equation can be simply adopted to carry out the curve fitting, and therefore the calculation process of the curve fitting is greatly simplified to rapidly determine the dispersion relation of the photonic crystal.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of:
104: the ideal width of the incident beam is determined from the fitted curve.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an operator may determine a dispersion relation of the photonic crystal according to the fitting curve, and further determine a propagation characteristic of the light beam to be measured in the local auto-collimation region 23 according to the obtained dispersion relation.
Referring to fig. 4 and fig. 5A-5D in combination, fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating propagation of a light beam to be measured in a local auto-collimation area according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIGS. 5A-5D show schematic light intensity distributions corresponding to the fitted curves of FIGS. 3A-3D, provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 4, when the light beam to be measured propagates in the local auto-collimation region 23 of the photonic crystal, the light beam to be measured exhibits asymmetric broadening to one side of the propagation direction, so that a plurality of side peaks 42 are generated on one side of the main peak 41 of the light beam to be measured.
The operator can numerically simulate the asymmetric broadening according to the dispersion relation indicated by the fitting curve, so as to respectively obtain the widths corresponding to the beam waistW 0Is 8a、13a、20a、30aTo be measuredThe light beam has a propagation distance L of 10000aIn the broadening direction, the distribution of the light intensity in the broadening direction. The broadening direction is understood to mean the direction of the side peak 42 relative to the main peak 41, and can be any direction parallel to the incident plane of the beam to be measured into the photonic crystal.
As shown in FIG. 5A, in one embodiment, the operator may vary the width of the corset according to the corresponding corset widthW 0Is 8aThe light intensity distribution in the broadening direction after the light beam to be measured corresponding to fig. 3A is refracted into the photonic crystal is determined by the cubic fitting curve of the light beam to be measured.
As shown in FIG. 5B, in one embodiment, the operator may vary the width of the corset according to the corresponding corset widthW 0Is 13aThe light intensity distribution in the broadening direction after the light beam to be measured is refracted into the photonic crystal corresponding to fig. 3B is determined by the cubic fitting curve of the light beam to be measured.
As shown in FIG. 5C, in one embodiment, the operator may vary the width of the corset according to the corresponding corset widthW 0Is 20aThe light intensity distribution in the broadening direction after the light beam to be measured is refracted into the photonic crystal corresponding to fig. 3C is determined by the cubic fitting curve of the light beam to be measured.
As shown in FIG. 5D, in one embodiment, the operator may vary the width of the corset according to the corresponding corset widthW 0Is 30aThe light intensity distribution in the broadening direction after the light beam to be measured corresponding to fig. 3D is refracted into the photonic crystal is determined by the cubic fitting curve of the light beam to be measured.
Through the simulation analysis, the operator can respectively obtain the corresponding beam waist widthsW 0Is 8a、13a、20a、30aThe distribution of the energy of the light beam to be measured in the broadening direction. In response to the sum of the energies of all side peaks of the beam not exceeding 10% of the total energy of the beam, the operator may determine that the width of the corresponding incident beam is the desired width of the photonic crystal.
Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5C, the beam waist width of the light beam to be measuredW 0Is 8a、13a、20aWhile the beam is in the locally auto-collimated region 23 of the photonic crystalThe energy distribution of the side peak 42 generated by propagation is higher and higher than 10% of the total energy of the light beam to be measured. Thus, the girdling widthW 0Is 8a、13a、20aThe resulting side peaks 41 and corresponding broadening of the incident beam can cause a substantial degradation in the resolution of the photonic crystal, thereby not meeting the desired width requirements of the photonic crystal for the incident beam.
As shown in FIG. 5D, when the beam waist width of the light beam to be measuredW 0Is 30aIn this case, the energy distribution of the side peak 42 generated by the propagation of the beam in the local auto-collimation region 23 of the photonic crystal is low and is less than 10% of the total energy of the beam to be measured.
Referring further to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating light intensity distributions of main peaks of two different frequency light beams according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 6, when the beam waist width of the light beam to be measuredW 0Is 30aIn the meantime, the light intensity of the first light beam 61 of any frequency in the light beam to be measured can be reduced to 1/e of the peak value of the light intensity of the second light beam 62 of the frequency different from the frequency thereof by the target resolution2And the following. At this time, the operator may consider the incident beam to have reached a sufficient width to enable the side peak 42 to be effectively suppressed. Width of corsetW 0Is 30aThe side peak 41 and the corresponding broadening generated by the incident light beam can not cause great reduction of the resolution of the photonic crystal, and the requirement of the photonic crystal on the ideal width of the incident light beam is met. Thus, the operator can determine the beam waist width 30 of the beam under testaI.e., 29.55 μm, is the ideal width of the photonic crystal for an incident beam.
The target resolution may be defined by the user. In the present embodiment, the target resolution may be 10000. That is to say that the position of the first electrode,f/Δforλ/ΔλThe value can be 10000, wherein,f=(f1+f2)/2，λ=(λ1+λ2)/2，Δf=|f1-f2|，Δλ=|λ1-λ2|，f1、f2 are the frequencies of the two beams, and λ 1, λ 2 are the wavelengths of the two beams.
The techniques of the artAs can be appreciated by the person, the above-mentioned waist widthW 0Is 8a、13a、20a、30aThe scheme for simulating the light intensity distribution of the light beam to be measured in the broadening direction is only a specific case provided by the embodiment, and is mainly used for determining the light beam incidence width which does not cause great reduction of resolution as the ideal width, so that the propagation distance required for resolving light beams with different frequencies is obtained, and the size of the photonic crystal is determined.
In a preferred embodiment, the operator may further screen a plurality of widths of the light beams to be measured, in which the sum of the energies of all the side peaks does not exceed 10% of the total energy of the light beams, and determine the width of the light beam to be measured, in which the width is the smallest, as the ideal width.
It can be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned solution for determining the width of the light beam to be measured with the minimum width as the ideal width is only a preferred example provided in this embodiment, and is mainly used to further shorten the propagation distance required for resolving the light beams with different frequencies, so as to further reduce the size of the photonic crystal.
Those skilled in the art can use any existing simulation software such as Eastwave, Rsoft, Meep, MPB, Comsol, etc. to perform the above simulation analysis, and can also write corresponding simulation software to perform the above simulation analysis based on the concept of the present invention.
In other embodiments, a person skilled in the art can also determine the narrowest incident width that does not cause a large decrease in resolution by theoretical analysis or experiment according to the concept of the present invention, thereby obtaining the same technical effect.
As shown in fig. 1, in the method for designing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided by the present invention, the method may further include the steps of:
105: and determining the size of the photonic crystal light splitting device according to the target resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and the ideal width of the incident beam.
As described above, an operator can determine a distance required for distinguishing two beams with different frequencies having different target resolutions according to the optimal incident width of the beam and the target resolution that a user needs to achieve by the photonic crystal spectroscopy device, so as to determine the size of the photonic crystal spectroscopy device in the beam propagation direction according to the required distance.
In particular, the operator may be based on a formulaTo determine the size of the photonic crystal beam splitting device in the direction of beam propagation.
In the formula: l is the required propagation distance, namely the radius of the semicircular photonic crystal; w0Is the half width of the beam waist of an incident Gaussian beam; deltafThe difference of the target resolution frequencies; p is the generalized angular resolution, indicating the degree of divergence of the refracted light; q is generalized dispersion capability; lambda [ alpha ]0Is the vacuum wavelength of the incident light; n is the incident waveguide refractive index.
The generalized angular Resolution p and the generalized dispersion capability q can be referred to as the r parameter, and can be referred to in the paper Baba T, Matsumoto T, Resolution of a photonic crystal superpropism [ J ]. Applied Physics Letters, 2002, 81(13): 2325-.
Referring further to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a photonic crystal light splitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 7, in one embodiment, the operator may determine the optimal width of incidence 30 of the light beam based on the determined optimal width of incidencea(29.55 μm) and the target resolution (10000) required by the user to be achieved by the photonic crystal beam splitting device, the distance required for separating two beams with different frequencies and with the target resolution is 12000a(i.e., 11.82 mm), and the radius of the semicircular photonic crystal light splitting device is designed to be 11.82mm to meet the resolution requirement of a user.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described semicircular photonic crystal light splitting device is only a specific example provided by the present embodiment, and is mainly used to clearly illustrate the concept of the present invention and provide a specific solution for the public to implement, but not to limit the scope of the present invention. In other embodiments, those skilled in the art can also set the photonic crystal light splitting device to any other shape according to the practical application requirement based on the concept of the present invention, for example: rectangular.
As shown in fig. 7, in one embodiment, the operator may further configure the photonic crystal 71 with an entrance waveguide 72 and an exit waveguide 73 to facilitate the use of the photonic crystal 71 in spectrometers, signal modulators and gas chromatographs.
Specifically, the operator can determine the materials of the incident waveguide 72 and the exit waveguide 73 according to the wavelength range of the light beam to be measured. The materials of the incident waveguide 72 and the exit waveguide 73 include, but are not limited to, semiconductor materials such as silicon and germanium, and dielectric materials such as glass fiber and plastic fiber. The material determination of the incident waveguide 72 and the exit waveguide 73 can be made with reference to the material determination of the photonic crystal 71 described above.
In one embodiment, the shape of the entrance waveguide 72 and the exit waveguide 73 can be determined by the operator according to the actual application requirements, such as cylindrical bar shape, rectangular bar shape, and any other shape suitable for the light to transmit inside.
Specifically, the waveguide width of the incident waveguide 72 may be 60 μm and the pitch may be 40 μm. The exit waveguide 73 may be a scattering structure arranged around the center of the photonic crystal 71, and its extension may pass through the center of the photonic crystal 71. The aggregate coverage angle of the exit waveguides 73 may be 120 deg., and the waveguide width may be 20 μm. The pitch of the exit waveguides 73 near the boundary of the photonic crystal 71 may be 10 μm.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-mentioned structural parameters of the input waveguide 72 and the output waveguide 73 are only a specific example provided by the present embodiment, and are mainly used to clearly illustrate the concept of the present invention and provide a specific solution for the implementation by the public, but not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. In other embodiments, the input waveguide 72 and the output waveguide 73 can be designed into any other structures according to the practical application requirements by those skilled in the art based on the concept of the present invention.
In one embodiment, the operator may further rely on the lattice junction of the photonic crystal 71Refractive index of structure and incident waveguide 72nTo define the structure of the input waveguide 72.
Specifically, an operator can determine the incident angle of the light beam to be measured entering the photonic crystal according to the tangential wave vector conservation condition
In the formula: k is a radical ofyThe projection of the longitudinal plane coordinate of the photonic crystal in the K space is obtained;nis the refractive index of the incident waveguide 72;fis the operating frequency of the photonic crystal; beta is the length-width ratio of the photonic crystal rectangular lattice. The operator can further adjust the incident angle
The angles of the three incident waveguides 72 are determined to be 9.5 °, 10 °, 10.5 °, respectively.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the operator referred to herein is a virtual method implementer, primarily for purposes of clearly illustrating the concepts of the present invention and providing a convenient implementation for the public, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In some embodiments, the above-mentioned photonic crystal design method provided by the present invention can be implemented by a specific operator according to the method steps provided by the present invention, so as to obtain a specific size of the photonic crystal for the preparation of the photonic crystal.
In other embodiments, the method for designing the photonic crystal provided by the present invention can also be implemented automatically by a processor through a written software program, through pure software, pure hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. That is, in these embodiments, a processor may be used instead of the operator to perform the above-described photonic crystal design method. The user only needs to provide the wavelength range of the light beam to be measured and the target resolution of the expected photonic crystal, and the specific size of the photonic crystal can be quickly obtained to prepare the photonic crystal.
In one embodiment, the user can manually input the wavelength range of the light beam to be measured through the user interface of the photonic crystal manufacturing apparatus. In another specific scheme, a user can also directly provide a light beam to be detected through a light collecting window of the photonic crystal preparation device, so that the wavelength range of the light beam to be detected is automatically determined by the photonic crystal preparation device, and the dielectric material of the photonic crystal is further accurately determined.
While, for purposes of simplicity of explanation, the methodologies are shown and described as a series of acts, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies are not limited by the order of acts, as some acts may, in accordance with one or more embodiments, occur in different orders and/or concurrently with other acts from that shown and described herein or not shown and described herein, as would be understood by one skilled in the art.
According to another aspect of the present invention, embodiments of a photonic crystal spectroscopy device are also provided herein.
As shown in fig. 7, the photonic crystal light splitting device provided in this embodiment may be designed by the design method of the photonic crystal light splitting device provided in any one of the embodiments, and may be used to improve the resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and to achieve miniaturization of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
In some embodiments, a spectrometer employing the photonic crystal spectroscopy device described above may have a sub-nanometer scale (0.1-0.9 nm) wavelength resolution. The miniaturized spectrometer with high resolution can further detect the absorption peak value of the light beam by the atmosphere in the practical application of detecting the atmospheric gas component by using a remote sensing satellite, and judge the atmospheric component according to the detected characteristic absorption peak value.
In some embodiments, the optical signal modulator using the photonic crystal light splitting device can achieve a sub-nanometer level (0.1-0.9 nm) peak resolution function in a very small space, so that a bundle of composite optical signals is demodulated into a large number of monochromatic optical signals with different frequencies, the wavelength peak of which differs from the sub-nanometer level, and high-speed transmission of a large amount of data is achieved in the form of optical signals.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided herein an embodiment of a computer-readable medium.
The computer readable medium provided by the present embodiment may have computer instructions stored thereon. When executed by a processor, the computer instructions may implement the method for designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device provided in any of the above embodiments, thereby improving the resolution of the photonic crystal spectroscopy device and achieving miniaturization of the photonic crystal spectroscopy device. By using the computer instruction, a user can quickly obtain the specific size of the photonic crystal light splitting device to prepare the photonic crystal light splitting device only by providing the wavelength range of the light beam to be detected and the expected target resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device.
The previous description of the disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (13)
1. A design method of a photonic crystal light splitting device is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring an equal frequency map of the photonic crystal, wherein the equal frequency map indicates the distribution condition of resolution parameters of the photonic crystal;
determining a target equal frequency line according to the structure of the equal frequency line in the equal frequency graph;
performing curve fitting on the target equal frequency line;
determining the ideal width of the incident beam according to the fitted curve; and
and determining the size of the photonic crystal light splitting device according to the target resolution of the photonic crystal light splitting device and the ideal width of the incident beam.
2. The method for designing a photonic crystal beam splitter according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the isobologram of the photonic crystal comprises:
determining a dielectric material of the photonic crystal according to the working frequency of the photonic crystal;
acquiring an isobologram of the photonic crystal of the dielectric material; and
and determining the obtained equal frequency map as a target equal frequency map in response to the obtained equal frequency map comprising equal frequency lines with zero curvature.
3. The method of designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device according to claim 2, further comprising:
and determining the lattice structure of the photonic crystal of the dielectric material as a target lattice structure in response to the obtained equal frequency graph comprising equal frequency lines with zero curvature.
4. The method for designing a photonic crystal beam splitter according to claim 1, wherein the determining a target equal frequency line according to the structure of the equal frequency line in the equal frequency diagram comprises:
determining resolution parameters to 10 according to the distribution of the resolution parameters of the photonic crystals in the equal frequency diagram4The continuous area of (a) is a local auto-collimation area; and
and determining an equal frequency line passing through the local auto-collimation area as the target equal frequency line.
5. The method of designing a photonic crystal beam splitter according to claim 4, wherein the determining an equal frequency line passing through the local auto-collimation region as the target equal frequency line comprises:
and determining that the isofrequency line passes through the local auto-collimation area and the isofrequency line with the maximum r parameter is the target isofrequency line.
6. The method for designing a photonic crystal beam splitter according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining the normalized frequency corresponding to each equal frequency line in the equal frequency graph according to the lattice structure of the photonic crystal;
the curve fitting the target equal frequency line comprises:
determining a fitting range according to the width of the incident beam; and
and performing high-order type curve fitting on the target equal frequency line according to the fitting range, wherein the high-order type curve fitting comprises more than cubic type curve fitting.
7. The method of designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device of claim 1, wherein the determining the desired width of the incident beam of light from the fitted curve comprises:
determining the light intensity distribution of an incident beam in the broadening direction after the incident beam is refracted into the photonic crystal according to the fitted curve, wherein the broadening direction is parallel to the incident interface; and
determining the width of the incident light beam to be the ideal width in response to the sum of the energies of all edge peaks of the refracted light beam not exceeding 10% of the total energy of the refracted light beam.
8. The method of designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device of claim 7 wherein the determining the desired width of the incident beam of light from the fitted curve further comprises:
determining the width of the incident beam of which the width is smallest as the ideal width in response to a sum of energies of all edge peaks of the plurality of refracted beams not exceeding 10% of a total energy of the corresponding refracted beams.
9. The method of designing a photonic crystal beam splitter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the determining the size of the photonic crystal beam splitter according to the target resolution of the photonic crystal beam splitter and the desired width of the incident beam comprises:
determining the distance required for distinguishing two beams with different frequencies of the phase difference target resolution according to the ideal width of the incident beam; and
and determining the size of the photonic crystal light splitting device in the light beam propagation direction according to the required distance.
10. The method for designing a photonic crystal beam splitter according to claim 1, further comprising:
determining the structure of the incident waveguide according to the lattice structure of the photonic crystal and the refractive index of the incident waveguide, wherein the structure of the incident waveguide indicates the incident angle of the light beam entering the photonic crystal.
11. The method for designing a photonic crystal beam splitter according to claim 1, further comprising:
and determining the dielectric material of the incident waveguide and/or the exit waveguide according to the working frequency of the photonic crystal.
12. A photonic crystal light-splitting device, wherein the photonic crystal light-splitting device is designed by the design method of the photonic crystal light-splitting device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
13. A computer readable medium having stored thereon computer instructions which, when executed by a processor, implement a method of designing a photonic crystal spectroscopy device according to any one of claims 1 to 11.
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