CN110672677A - On-line fertilizer liquid component detection device and detection method thereof - Google Patents
On-line fertilizer liquid component detection device and detection method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/226—Construction of measuring vessels; Electrodes therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer liquid component online detection device and a detection method thereof, belonging to the technical field of intelligent irrigation and fertilization equipment, wherein the fertilizer liquid component online detection device and the detection method thereof comprise the following steps of 1, placing a multi-section type sensor in a series of prepared fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, and obtaining a characteristic excitation signal source for detecting each type of fertilizer and each concentration of the fertilizer through test analysis; step2, applying each characteristic excitation signal source obtained in the step (1) to a plurality of sections of sensors in a series of fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, testing and analyzing the output response of the sensors, namely the amplitude and phase changes of the characteristic excitation signal source after acting on the sensors, and constructing a detection model for identifying each fertilizer component and detecting the concentration of the fertilizer component according to the amplitude and phase changes; and 3, grouping and setting various fertilizer types through a human-computer interaction unit of the detection device, enabling each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor to correspond to detection of one fertilizer component and concentration thereof, and starting detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent irrigation and fertilization equipment, and particularly relates to a fertilizer liquid component online detection device and a detection method thereof.
Background
The irrigation and fertilization technology is a modern agricultural technology combining irrigation technology and fertilization technology, and is also a water and fertilizer integration technology, which mixes soluble solid or liquid fertilizer into fertilizer liquid with corresponding proportion together with irrigation water according to soil nutrient content and fertilizer requirement rule and characteristics of crop species by means of a pressure system (or natural fall of terrain), supplies water and fertilizer by a controllable pipeline system, fuses the water and fertilizer and applies the fused water and fertilizer to field crops. In the traditional irrigation and fertilization, various required fertilizers are dissolved in water according to a fertilization formula and blended into corresponding proportion (concentration), and then the fertilizer is added into an irrigation pipe network to carry out water-fertilizer integrated operation. With the development of the irrigation and fertilization technology, the traditional premixed fertilizer type irrigation and fertilization is no longer suitable, and the proportional online automatic fertilizer mixing gradually starts to be widely applied in the irrigation and fertilization process, which is also a key link for realizing full automation and intellectualization of an irrigation and fertilization system. The real-time detection of the fertilizer types (fertilizer components) and the concentration thereof in the fertilizer liquid is a key technology for realizing on-line automatic fertilizer mixing. At present, irrigation and fertilization systems at home and abroad mainly focus on the detection of the concentration of a fertilizer solution, and common methods of the irrigation and fertilization systems mainly comprise the following steps: sampling off-line analysis method, fertilizer liquid on-line detection method based on conductivity and pH value, ion selective electrode method, etc. The sampling off-line analysis method is used for detecting the concentration of the fertilizer liquid, generally, after samples are manually collected, the samples are sent to a laboratory to be detected and analyzed through special equipment and instruments, the detection precision is high, but the samples need to be preprocessed and managed, the uniformity of the sampling is ensured, and the original components and properties are not changed in the selecting and conveying processes. The conductivity method and the pH value method are respectively used for indirectly analyzing and reflecting the concentration of the fertilizer liquid by detecting the conductivity EC value and the pH value of the fertilizer liquid, so that the online rapid detection of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid can be realized through corresponding EC electrodes and pH electrodes. The ion selective electrode method utilizes the sensitive permeable membrane electroplated on the electrode to convert the ion quantity passing through the sensitive permeable membrane into corresponding potential according to the response characteristic that the sensitive permeable membrane has selective passing to molecular state substances or ions, thereby realizing the detection of the concentration of a certain specific ion in the solution and further realizing the detection of the concentration of the fertilizer solution. In addition, the on-line real-time detection of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid can be realized by a metering method, namely, the flow of the fertilizer liquid pumped or sucked into the water-fertilizer mixing box and the flow of the water entering the water-fertilizer mixing box are measured by utilizing a metering pump or a flowmeter and the like, and the concentration of the fertilizer liquid is calculated.
The existing method has the following defects: (1) the sampling off-line analysis method for detecting the concentration of the fertilizer liquid has the advantages of complicated steps, time and labor waste, special instruments and equipment, high detection cost and incapability of meeting the real-time on-line detection of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid.
(2) The conductivity method and the pH value method can only detect the whole EC value and the whole pH value of the fertilizer liquid, so that the whole concentration of the fertilizer liquid to be detected can only be reflected, the concentration of a single component (a single fertilizer type) fertilizer liquid has a good detection effect, if a plurality of fertilizer components (specifically, a plurality of ionic components) exist in the fertilizer liquid, or after a plurality of single component fertilizer liquids are mixed, the concentration level of each component of the fertilizer liquid cannot be reflected, and the method has certain application limitation.
(3) The disadvantages of the ion selective electrode method are: each ion selective electrode only aims at one kind of ions, and a plurality of ion selective electrodes are needed if a plurality of ions (or components) exist in the fertilizer liquid; the ion-selective electrodes are of a limited variety, and not all ions have a corresponding ion-selective electrode; the ion selective electrode has a certain time lag, the measurement needs several minutes once, the balance liquid is needed to correct before each use, and the requirement of detecting the ion concentration on line in real time is difficult to achieve; the measurement result has temperature drift effect, and cross sensitivity exists among all the ion selective electrodes, so that the measurement precision and accuracy are influenced mutually.
(4) The metering method requires the use of devices and instruments such as a metering pump and a flow meter, the precision of which directly determines the detection precision of the concentration of the fertilizer solution, and the method can only obtain the whole concentration of the fertilizer solution, so the method is only suitable for detecting the concentration of a single component (single fertilizer type) fertilizer solution, and cannot detect the concentration of each component in the mixed fertilizer solution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fertilizer liquid component online detection device and a detection method thereof, aiming at the defects that the types and contents (concentrations) of various fertilizers in a water and fertilizer mixed solution are difficult to detect simultaneously on line and in real time when the conventional fertigation system performs fertigation operation, and the like, so that the types (namely fertilizer components) of the mixed fertilizer liquid and the concentrations (namely contents) of the fertilizer components can be detected on line in real time in the online automatic mixing process of the water and the fertilizer, and technical support is provided for realizing online automatic fertilizer mixing of the fertigation system.
In order to solve the problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the fertilizer liquid component online detection device and the detection method thereof comprise the following steps:
step1, placing a multi-section sensor in a series of prepared fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, and obtaining a characteristic excitation signal source for detecting the type and the concentration of each fertilizer liquid through test analysis;
step2, applying each characteristic excitation signal source obtained in the step (1) to a plurality of sections of sensors in a series of fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, testing and analyzing the output response of the sensors, namely the amplitude and phase changes of the characteristic excitation signal source after acting on the sensors, and constructing a detection model for identifying each fertilizer component and detecting the concentration of the fertilizer component according to the amplitude and phase changes;
and 3, grouping and setting various fertilizer types through a human-computer interaction unit of the detection device, enabling each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor to correspond to detection of one fertilizer component and concentration thereof, and starting detection.
Preferably, the fertilizer liquid component online detection device is used for a fertilizer liquid component detection method, the fertilizer liquid component online detection device adopts a multi-section type sensor and a controller for detection, the multi-section type sensor comprises an inlet (1), a buffer cavity (2), an outlet (5), 1 ~ N sections of sensing parts (cylinders) with the same structure and an insulating ring, and the controller comprises a main controller, 1 ~ N sub-controllers, 1 ~ N excitation signal generating circuits, 1 ~ N phase detection circuits, 1 ~ N amplitude detection circuits, a man-machine interaction unit and the like.
Preferably, the multi-section sensor 3 is made of alloy materials and is vertically installed in a detection pipeline network, and the sensor consists of three cylinders I6, II 7 and III 8, an insulating ring I9 and an insulating ring II 10 which are completely the same in size and shape;
the cylinder I6 is made of alloy materials and consists of an inner cylinder 13 and an outer cylinder 14; the inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 14 are connected by two pairs of same connecting shafts I15 and connecting shafts II 16, and the upper part and the lower part of each pair of connecting shafts are respectively used for supporting and connecting; the connecting shaft is made of PVC material with smooth surface, the diameter is 5mm, the function of connecting the inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 14 can be realized, and the fertilizer liquid is prevented from being adsorbed on the surface of the connecting shaft; the radius of the inner cylinder 13 is 20mm, the radius of the outer cylinder is 30mm, the inner and outer spacing is 10mm, and the structural design can ensure that a larger initial capacitance is obtained in the application process on the premise of long-term use, so that the influence of parasitic capacitance is weakened; the ports of the cylinder I6 are threaded ports, and the formed inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 14 are hollow, so that the structure is convenient to install in an irrigation pipeline network, and the flowing state of fertilizer liquid in the pipeline can not be influenced to the maximum extent. The integral length of the cylinder I6 is 30mm, and the structure can ensure that the irrigation pipeline which does not depend on external power and depends on gravity self-flow can still be filled with sensing elements;
the cylinder II 7 is connected with the cylinder I6 through an insulating ring I9, the structural design of the cylinder II is the same as that of the cylinder I6, the cylinder III 8 is connected with the cylinder II 7 through an insulating ring II 10, and the structural design of the cylinder II is the same as that of the cylinder I6.
Preferably, the insulating ring I9 and the insulating ring II 10 are connected in three sensing elements, and the ports of the insulating ring I9 and the insulating ring II 10 are both threaded ports. The insulating ring I9 is connected with the cylinder I6 and the cylinder II 7, the insulating ring II 10 is connected with the cylinder II 7 and the cylinder III 8, and the insulating ring has the functions of connecting a sensing element and preventing mutual detection output capacitance change value interference;
the inlet 1 is an inlet of the mixed fertilizer and is connected with a fertilizer liquid buffer cavity 2 in the device, so that the liquid enters the buffer cavity;
buffer cavity 2 links to each other with perception element drum I6 among the multistage formula sensor 3, the structure of buffer cavity 2 is that two inverted cone formula structures are nested to form, whole length is 30mm, every inverted cone structure is 15mm, it links to each other with perception element drum I6 among the multistage formula sensor 3, bottom surface circle diameter is 60mm, such structural design can make the fertilizer liquid that awaits measuring flow into buffer cavity 2, even under the condition that fertilizer liquid flows fast in the pipeline, still can be full of detection device, and make the concentration of fertilizer liquid more even. When the operation is finished, the fertilizer liquid is remained in the pipeline, the residual fertilizer can be returned to the buffer cavity 2 under the action of gravity, and the fertilizer can not stay in the sensing element for a long time, so that the corrosion is avoided, and the detection result is influenced.
Preferably, after the detection is started in step3, the detailed detection steps are as follows:
step1, when the detection is started, a main controller sends a detection instruction to each slave controller, each slave controller simultaneously controls an excitation signal generating circuit under the control of the slave controller according to the received detection instruction to generate a fertilizer component identification characteristic excitation signal source, and the excitation signal source is correspondingly applied to each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor so that each section of sensor can simultaneously identify the fertilizer component responsible for each section of sensor;
step2, the slave controllers corresponding to all the sections of sensors of the multi-section sensor perform matching operation on the output response of the section of sensor under the action of the characteristic excitation signal source and the component identification model corresponding to the section of sensor, and judge whether the fertilizer type identified by the section of sensor exists in the fertilizer liquid to be detected;
step3, if the slave controllers corresponding to the sensors of all the sections judge that the fertilizer types (components) which are responsible for identification exist in the fertilizer liquid, simultaneously controlling excitation signal generating circuits under the control of the slave controllers to generate a characteristic excitation signal source for detecting the concentration of the fertilizer components, and correspondingly applying the characteristic excitation signal source to the sensors of all the sections of the multi-section sensors so that the sensors of all the sections can simultaneously detect the concentration of the fertilizer components which are responsible for the sensors of all the sections; if the slave controller corresponding to a certain section of the multi-section sensor judges that the fertilizer type (component) which is responsible for identification does not exist in the fertilizer liquid, the section of the sensor does not continue to detect the concentration of the fertilizer component;
and step4, respectively transmitting the detection results of the fertilizer types (components) and the concentrations (contents) of the fertilizer types (components) which are responsible for the slave controllers to the master controller in real time, transmitting the detection results to a display by the master controller in real time, and simultaneously transmitting a next detection instruction to each slave controller.
Preferably, the master-slave controllers are of the model MSP430F2132, and each slave controller controls one signal generator and generates an excitation signal;
the signal generator module is combined with the microcontroller to generate the characteristic frequency required by the device, and the filter enables the signal generated by the chip to be a usable frequency signal;
the amplitude/phase detection module adopts an AD637 chip and an AD8302 chip, the AD637 chip carries out true effective value conversion and is combined with a controller to realize the online detection of the components of the fertilizer liquid, the AD8302 concentrates the capability of measuring the amplitude and the phase in an integrated circuit, and the AD8302 chip is combined with the controller to realize the online detection of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the sensor adopts the ring structure of interior outer tube, and is less to the flow state influence of fertile liquid in the pipeline, has with current irrigation pipe network assorted hickey, easily directly concatenates in fertigation pipeline network, and the error that can avoid arousing because of the not abundant even of liquid manure mixture can be avoided to the cushion chamber structure of sensor.
By adopting a characteristic excitation signal source response method, a corresponding detection model is established for each fertilizer type (component) and each component concentration according to the output response (amplitude and phase change) of the characteristic excitation signal source acting on the fertilizer liquid to be detected, the identification of multiple components of the fertilizer liquid and the detection of each component concentration can be simultaneously realized, and by selecting the characteristic excitation signal source, the number of excitation signals acting on the sensor is greatly reduced, the data operand and the acting time of the excitation signals on the sensor are greatly reduced, and the detection speed is improved.
The sensor adopts the design of multistage formula structure, concatenates the sensor of the same structure of multistage in proper order and forms, and each section sensor links to each other through standard screwed interface, is convenient for carry out the customization of section number according to actual conditions. Each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor corresponds to one fertilizer component, each section of sensor is only responsible for component identification and concentration detection of one fertilizer, each section of sensor is provided with an independent controller, a characteristic excitation information source generating circuit, an amplitude detection circuit and a phase detection circuit, then a master-slave control structure and a detection method combining grouping parallel detection and concentration detection after component are adopted, the detection time can be greatly shortened, and online real-time detection of multiple components and the concentration of each component in the fertilizer liquid is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a multi-section sensor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the apparatus;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensor;
FIG. 4 is a schematic block diagram of the overall detection of the apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a core circuit connection diagram.
In the figure, an inlet 1, a buffer cavity 2, a multi-section type sensor 3, a control box 4, an outlet 5, a cylinder I6, a cylinder II 7, a cylinder III 8, an insulating ring I9, an insulating ring II 10, an inner cylinder 13, an outer cylinder 14, a connecting shaft I15 and a connecting shaft II 16.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
As shown in fig. 1-5, firstly, by utilizing the dielectric property of the fertilizer liquid, that is, when the fertilizer components or/and the concentrations of the components in the water-fertilizer mixed solution change, the dielectric constant of the fertilizer liquid changes correspondingly, so that the equivalent capacitance of the fertilizer liquid changes correspondingly, a multi-section sensor is designed, and is connected in series with a pipeline near the outlet of a water-fertilizer mixed buffer tank in an irrigation and fertilization pipe network, and is used for sensing the changes of the fertilizer components and the contents thereof in the fertilizer liquid, the multi-section sensor is formed by sequentially connecting sensing parts with the same structure in 1 ~ N sections in series, and each section is distributed and used for detecting the fertilizer components and the contents thereof of a certain specific type.
Secondly, a characteristic excitation signal source response method is adopted to establish a detection model of the components and the content of the fertilizer liquid, namely, a multi-section sensor is placed in a series of fertilizer liquids with different fertilizer components and different contents, the output response (namely the change conditions of the amplitude and the phase of a characteristic excitation signal) under the action of a characteristic excitation signal source is observed and recorded, test data is analyzed, and a detection model of the multi-section sensor for various fertilizer components and different contents is established; meanwhile, in order to improve the detection speed and reduce the data calculation amount, a characteristic excitation signal source needs to be determined in advance through experiments, namely a series of excitation signals with different waveforms, frequencies and amplitudes are respectively acted on the multi-section sensors, the output response of the sensors to each fertilizer component and different contents of the fertilizer component is observed, and a plurality of excitation signal points with obvious output response or output response and capable of obviously distinguishing other fertilizer components are used as the characteristic excitation signal source of the fertilizer component.
Then, a detection device and a detection strategy are designed to realize the online real-time detection of each component and the concentration of the fertilizer liquid containing multiple components. The detection device comprises a microcontroller, a characteristic excitation signal generating circuit, a conversion circuit (an amplitude detection circuit and a phase detection circuit which are respectively used for converting the amplitude and the phase of the output response of the sensor into voltage signals) for converting the output response of the sensor into an electric quantity signal, and the like. Because the characteristic excitation signal sources for detecting each fertilizer component may be different, and the characteristic excitation signal sources for detecting the concentration of each fertilizer component may also be different, and each group of excitation signal sources comprises a plurality of excitation signals, in order to improve the real-time performance of detection, a detection method and a strategy of combining grouping parallel detection with component-first-concentration-second detection are adopted: firstly, dividing the fertilizer types possibly appearing in the fertilizer liquid to be detected into a plurality of groups, wherein each fertilizer type (or fertilizer containing a certain main component) is a group, each group corresponds to one section of sensing component in a multi-section sensor, and further determining the fertilizer type and the concentration of each section of sensor which are responsible for detection and a characteristic excitation signal source required to be applied to the section of sensor; then, generating characteristic excitation signal sources required by each section of sensing component at the same time, correspondingly applying the characteristic excitation signal sources on each section of the multi-section sensor, and carrying out simultaneous detection; when each section is detected, firstly, a component identification characteristic excitation signal source is applied to each section of sensing part of the multi-section sensor to identify whether a fertilizer type corresponding to the section of sensing part exists in the fertilizer liquid or not, if so, a concentration detection characteristic excitation signal is continuously applied to the section of sensor to detect the concentration (content) of the fertilizer type, and if not, a concentration detection characteristic excitation signal does not need to be applied, so that the detection is finished at the same time; by repeating the steps, the identification of the types (components) of the fertilizers and the concentration detection of the components of the fertilizers in the automatic water and fertilizer mixing process can be realized.
In order to realize the detection method and the detection strategy combining the grouping parallel detection with the concentration after the grouping, a detection device adopts a master-slave control structure, namely, the detection device consists of a master controller, 1 ~ N identical slave controllers and 1 ~ N identical characteristic excitation signal source generating circuits, each excitation signal source generating circuit acts on one section of sensor independently and is controlled by one slave controller independently, each slave controller corresponds to one section of sensor and is specially used for the characteristic excitation signal source generation corresponding to the section of sensor, the operation of a fertilizer component and a concentration detection model thereof and the like, each slave controller carries out detection according to the instruction of the master controller, the identification result of the fertilizer component and the concentration detection result of the component are transmitted to the master controller in real time, and then the detection result is displayed on a display through the master controller.
Example 1.
Detection method and steps of fertilizer liquid component online detection device
(1) And placing the multi-section sensor in a series of prepared fertilizer liquids to be tested with different types and concentrations, and obtaining a characteristic excitation signal source for detecting each fertilizer type and each fertilizer concentration through test analysis.
(2) And (3) applying the characteristic excitation signal sources obtained in the step (1) to a plurality of sections of sensors in a series of fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, testing and analyzing the output response of the sensors, namely the amplitude and phase changes of the characteristic excitation signal sources after the characteristic excitation signal sources act on the sensors, and constructing a detection model for identifying each fertilizer component and detecting the concentration of the fertilizer component according to the amplitude and phase changes.
(3) Through the human-computer interaction unit of the detection device, the fertilizer types are set in groups, each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor corresponds to the detection of one fertilizer component and the concentration thereof, and the detection is started.
(4) When the detection is started, the main controller sends a detection instruction to each slave controller, each slave controller simultaneously controls an excitation signal generating circuit under the control of the slave controller according to the received detection instruction to generate a fertilizer component identification characteristic excitation signal source, and the excitation signal source is correspondingly applied to each section of sensor of the multi-section type sensor, so that each section of sensor can simultaneously identify the type of the fertilizer responsible for each section of sensor.
(5) And the slave controller corresponding to each section of the multi-section sensor performs matching operation on the output response of the section of the sensor under the action of the characteristic excitation signal source and the component identification model corresponding to the section of the sensor, and judges whether the fertilizer type identified by the section of the sensor exists in the fertilizer liquid to be detected.
(6) If the slave controllers corresponding to the sensors of all the sections judge that the fertilizer types (components) which are responsible for identification exist in the fertilizer liquid, the slave controllers simultaneously control the excitation signal generating circuits under the control of the slave controllers to generate a fertilizer component concentration detection characteristic excitation signal source, and correspondingly apply the excitation signal source to the sensors of all the sections of the sensors so that the sensors of all the sections simultaneously detect the fertilizer component concentrations which are responsible for the sensors of all the sections; if the slave controller corresponding to a certain section of the multi-section sensor judges that the fertilizer type (component) which is responsible for identification does not exist in the fertilizer liquid, the section of the sensor does not detect the concentration of the fertilizer component any more.
(7) And each slave controller respectively transmits the detection results of the fertilizer components and the concentration thereof responsible by the slave controller to the master controller in real time, and the master controller transmits the detection results to the display in real time and simultaneously transmits a next detection instruction to each slave controller.
(8) And (3) finishing a detection period, and repeating (1) ~ (7), so that the fertilizer components in the fertilizer liquid can be identified on line in real time in the process of mixing the water and the fertilizer, and the concentration of the fertilizer components can be detected.
Example 2.
The device applied to the fertilizer liquid component online detection method comprises a multi-section sensor and a controller, wherein the multi-section sensor comprises an inlet 1, a buffer cavity 2, an outlet 5, a 1 ~ N sensing part (cylinder) with the same structure and an insulating ring, the controller comprises a main controller, 1 ~ N slave controllers, 1 ~ N excitation signal generating circuits, 1 ~ N phase detection circuits, 1 ~ N amplitude detection circuits, a man-machine interaction unit and the like.
The multi-section sensor 3 is made of alloy materials and is vertically installed in a detection pipeline network, and the sensor is composed of three cylinders I6, II 7 and III 8, insulating rings I9 and II 10 which are identical in size and shape.
The cylinder I6 is made of alloy materials and consists of an inner cylinder 13 and an outer cylinder 14. The inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 14 are connected by two pairs of same connecting shafts I15 and connecting shafts II 16, and the upper and lower parts of the two pairs of connecting shafts I and II are respectively in a pair to play a supporting and connecting role. The connecting shaft is made of PVC material with smooth surface, the diameter is 5mm, the effect of connecting the inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 14 can be achieved, and fertilizer liquid is prevented from being adsorbed on the surface of the connecting shaft. The radius of the inner cylinder 13 is 20mm, the radius of the outer cylinder is 30mm, the inner and outer spacing is 10mm, and the structural design can ensure that a larger initial capacitance is obtained in the application process on the premise of long-term use, so that the influence of parasitic capacitance is weakened. The ports of the cylinder I6 are threaded ports, and the formed inner cylinder 13 and the outer cylinder 14 are hollow, so that the structure is convenient to install in an irrigation pipeline network, and the flowing state of fertilizer liquid in the pipeline can not be influenced to the maximum extent. The cylinder I6 has an overall length of 30mm, and the structure can ensure that the irrigation pipeline which does not depend on external power and depends on gravity flow can still be filled with the sensing element.
And the cylinder II 7 is connected with the cylinder I6 through an insulating ring I9, and the structural design of the cylinder II is the same as that of the cylinder I6. And will not be described further herein.
And the cylinder III 8 is connected with the cylinder II 7 through an insulating ring II 10, and the structural design of the cylinder III is the same as that of the cylinder I6. And will not be described further herein.
The insulating ring I9 and the insulating ring II 10 are connected in three sensing elements, and the ports of the insulating ring I9 and the insulating ring II 10 are both threaded ports. Insulating collar I9 connects drum I6 and drum II 7, and drum II 7 and drum III 8 are connected to insulating collar II 10, and the effect of insulating collar plays the effect of connecting the perception element on the one hand, prevents mutual detection output capacitance variation value interference on the other hand.
The inlet 1 is an inlet of the mixed fertilizer and is connected with a fertilizer liquid buffer cavity 2 in the device, so that the liquid enters the buffer cavity.
Buffer cavity 2 links to each other with perception element drum I6 among the multistage formula sensor 3, the structure of buffer cavity 2 is that two inverted cone formula structures are nested to form, whole length is 30mm, every inverted cone structure is 15mm, it links to each other with perception element drum I6 among the multistage formula sensor 3, bottom surface circle diameter is 60mm, such structural design can make the fertilizer liquid that awaits measuring flow into buffer cavity 2, even under the condition that fertilizer liquid flows fast in the pipeline, still can be full of detection device, and make the concentration of fertilizer liquid more even. When the operation is finished, the fertilizer liquid is remained in the pipeline, the residual fertilizer can be returned to the buffer cavity 2 under the action of gravity, and the fertilizer can not stay in the sensing element for a long time, so that the corrosion is avoided, and the detection result is influenced.
The master-slave controllers are of the type MSP430F2132, and each slave controller controls one signal generator and generates an excitation signal at the same time.
The signal generator module combines the microcontroller to generate the characteristic frequency required by the device, and the filter enables the signal generated by the chip to be a usable frequency signal.
The amplitude/phase detection module adopts an AD637 chip and an AD8302 chip, the AD637 chip carries out true effective value conversion and is combined with a controller to realize the online detection of the components of the fertilizer liquid, the AD8302 concentrates the capability of measuring the amplitude and the phase in an integrated circuit, and the AD8302 chip is combined with the controller to realize the online detection of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the multi-section sensor in the device is vertically connected in series on a pipeline near the outlet of a water and fertilizer mixing buffer tank in an irrigation and fertilization pipeline network, and is set through a man-machine interaction unit, each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor is respectively matched and corresponds to one type of fertilizer, so that each section of sensor is responsible for the type identification and the concentration detection of one type of fertilizer, then the device is started, and the strategy of grouping parallel detection and combination of first grouping and then concentration is adopted to carry out the online real-time detection of the components and the concentration of the fertilizer liquid: after each slave controller receives a detection instruction sent by the master controller, each slave controller respectively controls an excitation signal source generating circuit under the control to generate a corresponding fertilizer component identification characteristic excitation signal source, loads the corresponding fertilizer component identification characteristic excitation signal source on each section of sensor, and performs comparative analysis with a component identification model of each section of sensor according to the output response of each section of sensor so as to judge whether the fertilizer type identified by each section of sensor exists in the fertilizer liquid; if the fertilizer type is judged to exist in the fertilizer liquid, a method the same as component identification is adopted, a fertilizer component concentration detection characteristic excitation signal source is loaded on the sensor section to detect the fertilizer component concentration, and if the fertilizer type does not exist, the sensor section does not need to detect the concentration. And the results of the fertilizer type identification and the concentration detection of each slave controller are sent to the master controller in real time, the master controller transmits the detection results to the display in real time, and simultaneously sends next detection instructions to each slave controller, so that the detection is completed for one time, and the online real-time detection of the components and the concentration of the fertilizer liquid can be realized by repeating the steps.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A fertilizer liquid component on-line detection device and a detection method thereof are characterized in that: the fertilizer liquid component online detection device and the detection method thereof comprise the following steps:
step1, placing a multi-section sensor in a series of prepared fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, and obtaining a characteristic excitation signal source for detecting each fertilizer type and each fertilizer concentration through test analysis;
step2, applying each characteristic excitation signal source obtained in the step (1) to a plurality of sections of sensors in a series of fertilizer liquids to be detected with different types and concentrations, testing and analyzing the output response of the sensors, namely the amplitude and phase changes of the characteristic excitation signal source after acting on the sensors, and constructing a detection model for identifying each fertilizer component and detecting the concentration of the fertilizer component according to the amplitude and phase changes;
and 3, grouping and setting various fertilizer types through a human-computer interaction unit of the detection device, enabling each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor to correspond to detection of one fertilizer component and concentration thereof, and starting detection.
2. The fertilizer liquid component on-line detection device is characterized by being used for a fertilizer liquid component detection method, the fertilizer liquid component on-line detection device adopts a multi-section type sensor and a controller to detect, the multi-section type sensor comprises an inlet (1), a buffer cavity (2), an outlet (5), 1 ~ N sensing parts (cylinders) and an insulating ring, the sensing parts (cylinders) are identical in structure, the controller comprises a main controller, 1 ~ N slave controllers, 1 ~ N excitation signal generating circuits, 1 ~ N phase detection circuits, 1 ~ N amplitude detection circuits, a man-machine interaction unit and the like.
3. The on-line fertilizer liquid component detection device of claim 2, wherein: the multi-section sensor (3) is made of alloy materials and is vertically arranged in a detection pipeline network, and the sensor consists of three cylinders I (6), II (7) and III (8) which have the same size and shape, an insulating ring I (9) and an insulating ring II (10);
the cylinder I (6) is made of alloy materials and consists of an inner cylinder (13) and an outer cylinder (14); the inner cylinder (13) and the outer cylinder (14) are connected by two pairs of same connecting shafts I (15) and connecting shafts II (16), and the upper part and the lower part of each pair of connecting shafts I and II are respectively used for supporting and connecting; the connecting shaft is made of PVC material with smooth surface, the diameter is 5mm, the function of connecting the inner cylinder (13) and the outer cylinder (14) can be realized, and the fertilizer liquid is prevented from being adsorbed on the surface of the connecting shaft; the radius of the inner cylinder (13) is 20mm, the radius of the outer cylinder is 30mm, the inner and outer distances are 10mm, and the structural design can ensure that a larger initial capacitance is obtained in the application process on the premise of long-term use, so that the influence of parasitic capacitance is weakened; the ports of the cylinder I (6) are threaded ports, and the formed inner cylinder (13) and the outer cylinder (14) are hollow, so that the structure is convenient to install in an irrigation pipeline network, the flowing state of fertilizer liquid in the pipeline can be furthest unaffected, the whole length of the cylinder I (6) is 30mm, and the structure can enable the irrigation pipeline which does not depend on external power and depends on gravity self-flow to be still full of sensing elements;
the cylinder II (7) is connected with the cylinder I (6) through an insulating ring I (9), the structural design of the cylinder II is the same as that of the cylinder I (6), the cylinder III (8) is connected with the cylinder II (7) through an insulating ring II (10), and the structural design of the cylinder III is the same as that of the cylinder I (6).
4. The on-line fertilizer liquid component detection device of claim 3, wherein: the sensing device comprises an insulating ring I (9) and an insulating ring II (10), wherein the insulating ring I (9) and the insulating ring II (10) are connected in three sensing elements, the ports of the insulating ring I (9) and the insulating ring II (10) are both threaded ports, the insulating ring I (9) is connected with a cylinder I (6) and a cylinder II (7), the insulating ring II (10) is connected with the cylinder II (7) and a cylinder III (8), and the insulating ring has the functions of connecting the sensing elements and preventing mutual detection output capacitance change value interference;
the inlet (1) is an inlet of the mixed fertilizer and is connected with a fertilizer liquid buffer cavity (2) in the device, so that the liquid enters the buffer cavity; buffer chamber (2) link to each other with perception element drum I (6) in the multistage formula sensor (3), the structure of buffer chamber (2) forms for two inverted cone formula structure nestings, whole length is 30mm, every inverted cone structure is 15mm, its perception element drum I (6) in with multistage formula sensor (3) link to each other, bottom surface circle diameter is 60mm, such structural design can make the fertilizer liquid that awaits measuring flow in buffer chamber (2), even under the condition that fertilizer liquid flows fast in the pipeline, still can be full of detection device, and make the concentration of fertilizer liquid more even, still remaining fertilizer liquid in the pipeline after the operation, it can make remaining fertilizer return buffer chamber (2) under the effect of gravity, can not stop for a long time in the perception element, avoid corroding, influence the testing result.
5. The on-line fertilizer liquid component detection device and the detection method thereof according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the detection is started in the step3, the detailed detection steps are as follows:
step1, when the detection is started, a main controller sends a detection instruction to each slave controller, each slave controller simultaneously controls an excitation signal generating circuit under the control of the slave controller according to the received detection instruction to generate a fertilizer component identification characteristic excitation signal source, and the excitation signal source is correspondingly applied to each section of sensor of the multi-section sensor, so that each section of sensor simultaneously identifies the type of the fertilizer or the fertilizer component responsible for each section of sensor;
step2, the slave controllers corresponding to all the sections of sensors of the multi-section sensor perform matching operation on the output response of the section of sensor under the action of the characteristic excitation signal source and the component identification model corresponding to the section of sensor, and judge whether the fertilizer type identified by the section of sensor exists in the fertilizer liquid to be detected;
step3, if the slave controllers corresponding to the sensors of all the sections judge that the fertilizer types (components) which are responsible for identification exist in the fertilizer liquid, simultaneously controlling excitation signal generating circuits under the control of the slave controllers to generate a characteristic excitation signal source for detecting the concentration of the fertilizer components, and correspondingly applying the characteristic excitation signal source to the sensors of all the sections of the multi-section sensors so that the sensors of all the sections can simultaneously detect the concentration of the fertilizer components which are responsible for the sensors of all the sections; if the slave controller corresponding to a certain section of the multi-section sensor judges that the fertilizer type (component) which is responsible for identification does not exist in the fertilizer liquid, the section of the sensor does not continue to detect the concentration of the fertilizer component;
and step4, respectively transmitting the detection results of the fertilizer components and the concentration thereof responsible by each slave controller to the master controller in real time, transmitting the detection results to the display by the master controller in real time, and simultaneously transmitting a next detection instruction to each slave controller.
6. The on-line fertilizer liquid component detection device and the detection method thereof according to claim 2, characterized in that: the master controller and the slave controllers are MSP430F2132 in model, and each slave controller controls one signal generator and generates an excitation signal at the same time;
the signal generator module is combined with the microcontroller to generate the characteristic frequency required by the device, and the filter enables the signal generated by the chip to be a usable frequency signal;
the amplitude/phase detection module adopts an AD637 chip and an AD8302 chip, the AD637 chip carries out true effective value conversion and is combined with a controller to realize the online detection of the components of the fertilizer liquid, the AD8302 concentrates the capability of measuring the amplitude and the phase in an integrated circuit, and the AD8302 chip is combined with the controller to realize the online detection of the concentration of the fertilizer liquid.
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