CN110669956A - Preparation method of carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with surface coated with aluminum oxide - Google Patents
Preparation method of carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with surface coated with aluminum oxide Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
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- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/042—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling using a particular milling fluid
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
- B22F2009/043—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling by ball milling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum oxide coated surface, belonging to the technical field of composite material preparation process, aiming at the problems of the prior art in the binding property of the carbon nano tube on an aluminum matrix interface, the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the aluminum oxide coated surface is obtained through a series of steps of pre-dispersion treatment of the carbon nano tube, preparation of the carbon nano tube coated aluminum oxide powder, mixing ball milling, cold-pressing sintering and rolling of the carbon nano tube coated aluminum oxide powder and spherical aluminum powder, the invention utilizes the characteristics of high melting point, high strength, good thermal stability, good chemical inertness and the like of the aluminum oxide to coat the aluminum oxide on the surface of the aluminum matrix so as to ensure that the material obtains more excellent comprehensive mechanical property, the yield strength at room temperature is more than 320MPa, the tensile strength is more than 440MPa, and the elongation is more than, and the conductivity is improved obviously.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite material preparation processes, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum oxide coated surface.
Background
The aluminum alloy has high specific strength, good plasticity and good corrosion resistance, plays an increasingly wide role in the fields of automobiles, ships, aerospace and the like, gradually replaces the traditional steel material, and also has very high chemical activity, is very easy to generate chemical reaction in the air to form an oxide film and has very strong stress corrosion resistance. However, with the rapid development of times, the above fields have higher requirements on the comprehensive mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy material, such as strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, thermal stability, toughness and the like.
Tubular bodies of hexagonal graphitic structures entangled by network winding are known as carbon nanotubes. The normal direction dimension of the carbon nanotube orifice plane is nanometer, and the direction (along the axis) perpendicular to the orifice plane is micrometer, and both ends are sealed, so the carbon nanotube is called. Due to their unique structure, a large number of superior properties are continually discovered and put into production use. Such as high elasticity, high heat resistance, high corrosion resistance, strong electric and thermal conductivity, and the like, and has great potential. Its modulus can be compared with diamond, its strength can be up to one hundred times that of steel, and its density is far less than that of the latter. However, it is a prominent problem in that the carbon nanotubes are bonded to the surface of the aluminum matrix due to their stable sp2The structure is easy to disperse and agglomerate and entangle, and the wettability on the surface of the aluminum matrix is poor; in addition, the destruction of the carbon nanotube structure dispersed inside the aluminum matrix has also occurred. The above situation further limits its development.
At present, much research on carbon nanotube reinforced materials focuses on promoting the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in an aluminum matrix by using energy resources in a mechanical stirring and ball milling manner of aluminum alloy powder and carbon nanotubes, however, the process method is not very friendly to the bonding property of the carbon nanotubes at the interface of the aluminum matrix, and how to effectively bond the carbon nanotubes and the aluminum alloy powder is a technical problem to be solved at present. And the research on the effect of the coating of the carbon nano tube on the performance of the composite material is still insufficient at present, so a novel process method for improving the performance of the composite material by coating the material on the carbon nano tube is needed.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the problems existing in the research background, the invention provides a novel preparation method of a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite material with the surface coated with aluminum oxide. The comprehensive mechanical properties of the carbon nano tube are improved by the methods of pre-dispersion treatment of the carbon nano tube, preparation of the carbon nano tube coated alumina powder, mixing and ball milling of the carbon nano tube coated alumina powder and spherical aluminum powder, cold-pressing sintering and rolling.
According to the invention, the spherical aluminum powder is adopted as a raw material, the spherical aluminum powder is deformed into a sheet shape when ball milling is carried out, the carbon nano tubes are easy to be embedded into the aluminum matrix after the entanglement of the carbon nano tubes is released, so that the combination between the carbon nano tubes and the interface of the aluminum matrix is more facilitated, the increased specific surface area in the deformation process of the spherical powder is also beneficial to the shape matching of a micro-nano structure, and is also more beneficial to the uniform dispersion of alloying elements.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the surface coated with aluminum oxide, which comprises the following specific steps:
1) putting the carbon nano tube into a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid for acidification for 5 hours, adding deionized water for dilution to be neutral, then carrying out centrifugal treatment, and drying the carbon nano tube subjected to acidification for later use; the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid in the mixed solution is (1-4): 1, the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98 percent, and the mass fraction of concentrated nitric acid is 68 percent;
2) placing 5g of aluminum nitrate and 1g of acidified carbon nano tube into 50mL of mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone for ultrasonic pre-dispersion treatment to obtain aluminum nitrate and carbon nano tube mixed suspension; the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetone in the mixed solution is 1: (1-5);
3) putting the suspension obtained in the step 2) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, putting the hydrothermal reaction kettle into a reaction furnace, firstly preserving heat for 2 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 140 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, then washing with deionized water and drying;
4) mixing the product obtained in the step 3) with 200g of spherical aluminum powder with the particle size of 10-200 mu m, adding the mixture into a beaker filled with isopropanol, putting the mixture into a warm water bath for ultrasonic dispersion treatment when the aluminum powder is completely immersed in the solution, stirring the solution by adopting a mechanical stirring mode, and filtering the mixture after stirring to obtain wet mixed powder of the carbon nano tube coated with the alumina and the aluminum powder; the temperature of the warm water bath is controlled to be 30-70 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is controlled to be 40-80 min, and the treatment power is 500-1500W; the mechanical stirring time is controlled to be 15-60 min, and the mechanical stirring rotating speed is within the range of 100-3000 rpm.
5) Putting the mixed wet powder of the carbon nano tube and the aluminum powder obtained in the step 4) into a ball mill, adding a wet grinding solvent for wet grinding, and adding a wet grinding control agent to control the reaction process to obtain mixed slurry; in the wet grinding process, agate balls are used as grinding materials, the ball grinding time is 20-80 min, and the ball-to-material ratio is (1-4): 1, ball milling at a rotating speed of 150 r/min;
6) carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the slurry obtained in the step 5) to obtain mixed powder coated with the carbon nano tube with the alumina and pure aluminum;
7) putting the mixed powder obtained in the step 6) into the ball mill again for dry milling treatment to obtain composite powder of the carbon nano tube with the surface coated with the aluminum oxide and the pure aluminum; the ball milling time is 1-12 h in the dry milling process, and the ball material ratio is (3-8): 1, the ball milling rotating speed is 250 r/min;
8) carrying out cold pressing and sintering treatment on the composite powder of the carbon nano tube coated with the aluminum oxide and the pure aluminum obtained in the step 7) to obtain a precast block; and then hot rolling to obtain the high-strength aluminum-based composite material plate.
Preferably, the carbon nanotubes should have a single-wall or multi-wall structure or a mixture of two structurally different components, their diameter should be less than 100nm, and their axial length should satisfy more than 10 μm, preferably those having an outer diameter dimension of 50nm and a length dimension of 20 μm.
For wet milling, water, methanol, ethanol, etc. can be used as the wet milling solvent, ethanol is preferred, titanate, oleic acid, stearic acid, etc. can be used as the wet milling controlling agent, titanate is preferred.
Preferably, the aluminum content in the pure aluminum should be greater than 99.0 wt.%.
The sintering temperature of step 8) was 530 ℃.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method has the advantages that the characteristics of high melting point, high strength, good thermal stability, good chemical inertness and the like of alumina are utilized, the alumina is coated on the surface of the aluminum matrix, so that the material has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, ultrasonic dispersion and stirring treatment simultaneously occur, the cluster state of the carbon nano tubes is further eliminated, the cluster structure is opened, the dispersion of the carbon nano tubes into the aluminum matrix is accelerated, and the carbon nano tubes are dispersed in the aluminum matrix more uniformly by ball milling treatment twice. The yield strength at room temperature is more than 320MPa, the tensile strength is more than 440MPa, the elongation is more than 20 percent, and the conductivity is obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a carbon nanotube reinforced aluminum matrix composite with a surface coated with alumina according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an aluminum matrix composite reinforced by carbon nanotubes coated with alumina in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the conductivity of an aluminum-based composite material reinforced by carbon nanotubes coated with alumina.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the invention is further explained and illustrated in the form of specific embodiments.
Example 1
The invention provides a novel preparation method of a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the surface coated with aluminum oxide, which comprises the following process operation steps:
(1) weighing 1g of carbon nano tube with the outer diameter size of 50nm and the length size of 20 mu m, putting the carbon nano tube in a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid which is prepared at a ratio of 2:1 for acidification for 5 hours, adding deionized water for dilution to be neutral, then carrying out centrifugal treatment, and drying the carbon nano tube after the acidification for later use;
(2) putting 5g of aluminum nitrate and the carbon nano tube after acidification into 50mL of the mixture according to the volume ratio of 1: 3, performing ultrasonic pre-dispersion treatment for 8 hours in the prepared mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone to obtain aluminum nitrate and a carbon nano tube suspension;
(3) putting the suspension obtained in the step (2) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, putting the hydrothermal reaction kettle into a reaction furnace for heating, firstly preserving heat for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃, then heating to the temperature of 140 ℃ for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature after heating, then cleaning and drying;
(4) weighing 200g of spherical aluminum powder (the components are 99.2 wt.%, and the particle size is 50 μm), mixing the product obtained in the step (3) with the spherical aluminum powder, adding the mixture into a beaker containing isopropanol, placing the beaker into a warm water bath at 70 ℃ for ultrasonic dispersion treatment for 80min when the aluminum powder is completely immersed in the isopropanol, stirring the solution by using an electric stirrer at the same time, wherein the stirring speed is 150rpm, and filtering the mixture after stirring to obtain wet mixed powder of the carbon nanotube coated with the alumina and the aluminum powder;
(5) according to the ball material ratio of 1: and 1, placing 200g of agate balls in a planetary high-energy ball mill, and putting the mixed wet powder of the carbon nano tubes and the aluminum powder obtained in the step (4) into the ball mill for wet milling for 30min, wherein the ball milling rotating speed is 150 r/min. Wherein ethanol is used as a solvent, and a proper amount of ethanol is added, and the concentration of the ethanol is 90%. In addition, 2g of proper amount of titanate controls the reaction process to obtain mixed slurry;
(6) carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the slurry obtained in the step (5) for 12 hours to obtain mixed powder of the carbon nano tube with the surface coated with the aluminum oxide and pure aluminum, wherein the drying temperature is 60 ℃;
(7) according to the ball material ratio of 6: placing 1200g of agate balls prepared in the step 1 in a planetary high-energy ball mill, and placing the mixed powder obtained in the step (6) in the ball mill again for dry milling treatment for 2 hours, wherein the ball milling rotating speed is 250 r/min. Obtaining composite powder of the carbon nano tube coated with the aluminum oxide on the surface and the pure aluminum;
(8) and (3) placing the composite powder of the carbon nano tube coated with the aluminum oxide on the surface and the pure aluminum obtained in the step (7) into a die for cold pressing to form a precast block, and then sintering by using discharge plasma to form a blank with the size of 150 multiplied by 140 multiplied by 7mm, wherein the sintering temperature is 530 ℃. And finally, hot rolling between the two mixing rollers until the thickness is about 2mm, and obtaining the carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum matrix composite plate coated with the aluminum oxide on the surface.
TABLE 1 is a table comparing the properties of pure aluminum powder and the aluminum-based composite powder reinforced by carbon nanotubes coated with alumina in inventive example 1
TABLE 1
The invention utilizes the characteristics of high melting point, high strength, good thermal stability, good chemical inertness and the like of the alumina, the alumina is coated on the surface of the aluminum matrix, so that the material has more excellent comprehensive mechanical property, meanwhile, ultrasonic dispersion and stirring treatment occur simultaneously, the cluster state of the carbon nano tube is further eliminated, the cluster structure is opened, the carbon nano tube is dispersed into the aluminum matrix in an accelerated way, and the carbon nano tube is dispersed in the aluminum matrix more uniformly by ball milling treatment twice.
The foregoing is the entire disclosure of the present invention, including the abstract, claims, specification, and specific preferred embodiments. Any person skilled in the relevant art can make substitutions and changes to the invention within the scope of the invention as long as the invention is disclosed.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of a carbon nano tube reinforced aluminum-based composite material with the surface coated with aluminum oxide comprises the following specific steps:
1) putting the carbon nano tube into a mixed solution of concentrated sulfuric acid and concentrated nitric acid for acidification for 5 hours, adding deionized water for dilution to be neutral, then carrying out centrifugal treatment, and drying the carbon nano tube subjected to acidification for later use; the volume ratio of the concentrated sulfuric acid to the concentrated nitric acid in the mixed solution is (1-4): 1, the mass fraction of concentrated sulfuric acid is 98 percent, and the mass fraction of concentrated nitric acid is 68 percent;
2) placing 5g of aluminum nitrate and 1g of acidified carbon nano tube into 50mL of mixed solution of absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone for ultrasonic pre-dispersion treatment to obtain aluminum nitrate and carbon nano tube mixed suspension; the volume ratio of the absolute ethyl alcohol to the acetone in the mixed solution is 1: (1-5);
3) putting the suspension obtained in the step 2) into a hydrothermal reaction kettle for hydrothermal reaction, putting the hydrothermal reaction kettle into a reaction furnace, firstly preserving heat for 2 hours at 120 ℃, then heating to 140 ℃ and preserving heat for 10 hours, cooling to room temperature after the reaction is finished, then washing with deionized water and drying;
4) mixing the product obtained in the step 3) with 200g of spherical aluminum powder with the particle size of 10-200 mu m, adding the mixture into a beaker filled with isopropanol, putting the mixture into a warm water bath for ultrasonic dispersion treatment when the aluminum powder is completely immersed in the solution, stirring the solution by adopting a mechanical stirring mode, and filtering the mixture after stirring to obtain wet mixed powder of the carbon nano tube coated with the alumina and the aluminum powder; the temperature of the warm water bath is controlled to be 30-70 ℃, the ultrasonic treatment time is controlled to be 40-80 min, and the treatment power is 500-1500W; the mechanical stirring time is controlled to be 15-60 min, and the mechanical stirring rotating speed is within the range of 100-3000 rpm.
5) Putting the mixed wet powder of the carbon nano tube and the aluminum powder obtained in the step 4) into a ball mill, adding a wet grinding solvent for wet grinding, and adding a wet grinding control agent to control the reaction process to obtain mixed slurry; in the wet grinding process, agate balls are used as grinding materials, the ball grinding time is 20-80 min, and the ball-to-material ratio is (1-4): 1, ball milling at a rotating speed of 150 r/min;
6) carrying out vacuum drying treatment on the slurry obtained in the step 5) to obtain mixed powder coated with the carbon nano tube with the alumina and pure aluminum;
7) putting the mixed powder obtained in the step 6) into the ball mill again for dry milling treatment to obtain composite powder of the carbon nano tube with the surface coated with the aluminum oxide and the pure aluminum; the ball milling time is 1-12 h in the dry milling process, and the ball material ratio is (3-8): 1, the ball milling rotating speed is 250 r/min;
8) carrying out cold pressing and sintering treatment on the composite powder of the carbon nano tube coated with the aluminum oxide and the pure aluminum obtained in the step 7) to obtain a precast block; and then hot rolling to obtain the high-strength aluminum-based composite material plate.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotubes have a single-wall or multi-wall structure or a mixture of two different components, and have a diameter of less than 100nm and an axial length of more than 10 μm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the carbon nanotubes have an outer diameter of 50nm and a length of 20 μm.
4. The method of preparing the carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composite material with surface coated with alumina according to claim 1, wherein the wet milling solvent is ethanol and the wet milling controlling agent is titanate.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the spherical aluminum powder has an aluminum content greater than 99.0 wt.%.
6. The method for preparing the carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composite material with aluminum oxide coated on the surface according to claim 1, wherein the sintering temperature in the step 8) is 530 ℃.
7. A carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composite plate coated with aluminum oxide, which is prepared by the method for preparing the carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum-based composite coated with aluminum oxide according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN113528896A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-22 | 暨南大学 | Nano carbon-aluminum composite heat conduction material and application thereof in preparation of high-power LED light source radiator |
| CN113667858A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-19 | 新余学院 | Preparation method of spinel-coated nano-alumina reinforced aluminum-based composite material in situ |
| CN115608992A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-01-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Powder preparation method of in-situ ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy coating |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113528896A (en) * | 2021-06-10 | 2021-10-22 | 暨南大学 | Nano carbon-aluminum composite heat conduction material and application thereof in preparation of high-power LED light source radiator |
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| CN113667858A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-19 | 新余学院 | Preparation method of spinel-coated nano-alumina reinforced aluminum-based composite material in situ |
| CN113667858B (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2022-01-28 | 新余学院 | Preparation method of spinel-coated nano-alumina reinforced aluminum-based composite material in situ |
| CN115608992A (en) * | 2021-11-16 | 2023-01-17 | 昆明理工大学 | Powder preparation method of in-situ ceramic phase reinforced high-entropy alloy coating |
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