CN110661982B - LED stroboscopic suppression method in imaging of image sensor - Google Patents
LED stroboscopic suppression method in imaging of image sensor Download PDFInfo
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- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/73—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by influencing the exposure time
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/70—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene
- H04N23/741—Circuitry for compensating brightness variation in the scene by increasing the dynamic range of the image compared to the dynamic range of the electronic image sensors
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for inhibiting LED stroboscopic in imaging of an image sensor, which adopts a pixel in an image sensor pixel array and sets a pixel unit by taking a 3 multiplied by 3 structure as a unit, wherein the central pixel of each pixel unit is set as a first group of pixels, and eight pixels at the periphery are set as a second group of pixels; the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels are respectively provided with different exposure time and conversion gain, the first group of pixels are provided with longer exposure time, and the second group of pixels are provided with higher conversion gain; and the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels complete exposure in one frame and are alternately output as two frames of image data line by line. The back-end processing synthesizes the two frames of images into one frame of image output with high dynamic range. The proposal of the invention can effectively inhibit the flicker problem generated by the LED signal light source when the image sensor outputs the image, and can effectively improve the dynamic range of the image output by the image sensor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an image processing technology of an image sensor, in particular to a method for inhibiting stroboscopic problems generated by an LED light source in the application process of the image sensor and improving the output dynamic range.
Background
With the development and wide application of LED technology, traffic signal lamps, automobile illuminating lamps, other marking indicating lamps and the like used in living environments can be commonly applied in various scenes. The LED light source has the advantages of small size, high luminous efficiency, good stability, long service life and the like, and gradually replaces the traditional light source in the field of illumination. Because the LED light source is driven by a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) mode, the LED light source generally flickers at a frequency of more than 90Hz, and the LED light source can normally work in a state that the switch of the LED light source cannot be identified by naked eyes.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of LED light source flicker in an image sensor application. As shown in fig. 1, in the nth, N +1, N +2 … th frame of the image frame of the output display, which corresponds to the switching schematic of the LED light source pulses, only some of the switching states are listed for illustrative purposes only. In order to prevent the LED light source as an indicator light from flickering in an image output by an image sensor during use, so as to ensure normal use, the exposure time of the image sensor needs to be prolonged. If the exposure time set by the image sensor is too long, the problem of overexposure is easily caused, and the image output by the image sensor is too bright and blurred. There is therefore a need to design image sensors for multi-scene applications, such as low-sensitivity pixel design, that do not suffer from overexposure of LEDs or other excessively bright scenes during long exposure times.
There are various implementation schemes for improving the dynamic range of the image output by the image sensor, and an implementation mode of combining two frames of images into one frame to output so as to improve the dynamic range of the output image can be adopted. The published application with publication number CN109845242A entitled "WDR imaging with LED flicker suppression" discloses an imaging method with LED flicker suppression, which employs setting a first frame exposure time ET1 of an image sensor to be less than a second frame exposure time ET 2; calculating a high intensity threshold and a low intensity threshold according to the full well capacity FWC of the image sensor; the image sensor outputs an original first frame image signal with a first intensity value and a second frame image signal with a second intensity value, the first frame intensity value and the second frame intensity value are compared with the high intensity threshold value and the low intensity threshold value to determine whether the frame image signal is flicker image data, weights are selected for the first frame pixel data and the second frame pixel data, the weight of the second pixel data is increased under the condition that the flicker data is contained, and finally the two frames are synthesized and output. Although the implementation method can improve the dynamic range of output, the technical scheme needs to expose two frames of image data, store the first frame of image data, and synthesize the second frame of image data after the second frame of image data is read, and the implementation method can generate the problem of motion smear.
Based on the above problems, the present invention provides an innovative pixel structure design of an image sensor, which can suppress the stroboscopic problem of LEDs and improve the output dynamic range, and is suitable for large and small pixel designs.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for LED strobe suppression in imaging of an image sensor, which comprises the following implementation steps:
arranging pixels in a pixel array of an image sensor in a unit of a 3 x 3 structure to form a pixel unit;
the central pixel of each pixel unit is set as a first group of pixels, and eight pixels around the central pixel are set as a second group of pixels; the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels are respectively set with different exposure time and gain modes;
the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels complete exposure in one frame and are respectively alternately output as two frames of image data line by line;
the first group of pixels set exposure time according to the brightness value of the LED light source; the second group of pixels set exposure time according to the application environment brightness value;
the equivalent exposure time E1 x-E1 of the first group of pixels, where E1 is the exposure time of the first group of pixels set according to the LED luminance values; based on the pulse width modulation frequency of the LED light source being greater than 90Hz, the exposure time should be set to be greater than 11 ms; the equivalent exposure time E2x of the second group of pixels is 8 × E2 × PG, where E2 is the exposure time of the second group of pixels set according to the application environment brightness value, and PG is the gain of the second group of pixels;
the first set of pixels has a longer exposure time relative to the second set of pixels; the second set of pixels has a higher conversion gain relative to the first set of pixels; outputting image data after eight pixels of the second group of pixels are combined (sum);
synthesizing the two output frame images into one frame image with high dynamic range by linear calculation through image signal processing at the rear end according to the exposure time ratio E1x/E2 x;
a pixel in the pixel array includes a conversion gain unit that includes two gain modes: a high gain mode and a low gain mode; the first group of pixels are set to be in a low gain mode, the second group of pixels are set to be in a high gain mode or a low gain mode, and the selection of the high gain mode or the low gain mode can be set according to the gain requirement in specific design; when the second group of pixels is in a high gain mode and the gain value of the second group of pixels is higher, the conversion gain unit can comprise a capacitor device so as to improve the charge storage and transfer capacity and further improve the gain;
the pixels in the pixel array can be designed to have a sharing structure, a sharing structure formed by two pixels, a sharing structure formed by four pixels or other pixel sharing structure modes with the sharing structures, and the design of a reading circuit is saved so as to realize the pixels with small sizes.
The method for inhibiting the LED stroboscopic in the image sensor adopts an innovative pixel unit design structure, and the pixels in each pixel unit are grouped to respectively output two frames of images line by line alternately in different exposure time and gain modes, and the images are processed and merged into a frame of high dynamic range image output implementation scheme by the rear end. The technical scheme of the invention adopts longer exposure time and lower gain aiming at the LED part so as to inhibit the problem of flicker generation in the output image; meanwhile, the application environment picture adopts higher gain to improve the sensitivity, and finally, a clear image with a high dynamic range is output, so that the normal use of the image sensor in multiple application scenes such as a signal lamp and the like which are formed by an LED is met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of LED flicker during imaging of an image sensor;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an image sensor pixel unit arrangement and output according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of an exemplary pixel cell of an image sensor according to the present invention; and
fig. 4 is a basic flowchart of a method for suppressing LED stroboscopic effect in imaging of an image sensor according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention scheme proposed by the invention is explained in detail below with reference to the drawings given by the invention. The dimensions, proportions, and configurations of the circuits of the related product design and application embodiments depicted in the various figures of the present invention are for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to limit the specific inventive concepts and application embodiments presented herein.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pixel unit arrangement structure in a pixel array of an image sensor according to the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the pixel array of the image sensor includes a plurality of pixels (basic pixel units) arranged in rows and columns, and fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram in which only a part of the pixels are listed for illustrative purposes. The pixels in the pixel array of the image sensor are arranged in a unit of 3 × 3 structure to form a pixel unit, for example, in the figure, three rows and three columns of B (blue) pixels form a pixel unit, three rows and three columns of G (green) pixels, three rows and three columns of R (red) pixels form a pixel unit respectively. Each pixel unit comprises nine pixels, wherein the central pixel is set as a first group of pixels, and the other eight pixels around the central pixel are set as a second group of pixels.
The inventive arrangements provided by the present invention do not impose limitations on the specific circuit designs employed by the pixels in the image sensor pixel array. In the implementation process, different pixel circuit designs can be adopted according to specific applications and design requirements. For example, in one application example, a 1 × 1 pixel structure circuit may be used to implement the inventive design scheme provided by the present invention. In another application example, the pixel circuit with the shared pixel structure can be used for realizing the pixel design, so that the circuit design is reduced, the chip design area is reduced, and the pixel design application with small size is realized.
Taking the B pixel unit in fig. 2 as an example, the center pixel B is set as a first group of pixels, and eight B pixels around the center pixel B are set as a second group of pixels. The first group of pixels and the second group of pixels set different exposure times and gain patterns. The exposure time of the central pixel B of the first group of pixels is set according to the brightness value of the LED, and the exposure time of the eight B pixels of the second group of pixels is set according to the brightness of the application environment. Since the pulse width modulation frequency of the LEDs is larger than 90Hz, the exposure time setting of the first group should be larger than 11 ms. The first group of pixels is set to a low gain mode and a long exposure time, and the low gain mode is set to reduce the sensitivity to increase the exposure time. The second group of pixels is set to be in a high gain mode, or can be set to be in a low gain mode according to the gain requirement of a specific application environment, and the 8 pixels in the second group are combined (sum) and then output pixel values, so that the sensitivity is further improved. The first group of pixels and the second group of pixels complete exposure in the same frame, and after exposure is completed, the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels are respectively output as two different frames of images alternately line by line, as illustrated in fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a pixel employed in a pixel unit of an image sensor according to an embodiment of the present invention. In the present embodiment, a pixel circuit having a four-pixel sharing structure may be adopted in the embodiment based on the consideration of designing a small-sized pixel, for example, the pixel size is smaller than 1 μm, as shown in the figure. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the inventive arrangements presented herein are not limited to small size pixel design applications. Based on the small-sized pixel design, other kinds of pixels with shared structures are also suitable for the technical scheme provided by the invention, such as a shared structure pixel circuit formed by two pixels. The pixel circuit shown in fig. 3 employs a shared structure for four pixels, PDa and TXa, PDb and TXb, PDc and TXc, and PDd and TXd share a floating diffusion node FD and a reset transistor RST, a conversion gain unit, a source follower transistor SF and a row select transistor RS in an amplification readout circuit. The conversion gain unit includes a conversion gain transistor DCG and a capacitor Cdcg, and includes a high gain mode and a low gain mode. In this embodiment, the four pixels sharing the structure may be arranged in a 2 × 2 layout, and the pixel array includes a plurality of the pixels arranged in a row and column layout. In the embodiment of the invention, the pixel array is set as a pixel unit according to a 3 × 3 pixel structure, the pixel unit comprises a plurality of pixel units with the pixel structure, and each pixel unit is grouped and set with different exposure time and gain modes.
Fig. 3 shows an application example in which, in conjunction with the pixel arrangement shown in fig. 2, a first group of pixels in a 3 × 3 pixel unit employs a low gain mode and a long exposure time, e.g., a gain of 1; the second group of pixels is in a high gain mode and the first and second groups are divided in the same manner as given above in figure 2. The eight pixels of the second group can also be set to be in a low gain mode according to the specific application environment, and the sensitivity requirement of some environment applications can be met when the low gain mode is adopted because the pixel value output of the second group is the sum of eight pixel values. In a particular pixel circuit design application, parasitic capacitance generated by the connection point of the conversion gain transistor of the conversion gain cell to ground may be used as the capacitance of the conversion gain cell. In order to ensure that the gain of the second group of pixels is large enough to meet the requirement of high-gain application in the high-gain mode, a capacitor device can be designed in the conversion gain unit of the pixel circuit to increase the capacity of storing and transferring charges, and the gain is further improved by adjusting the size of the capacitor value to meet the requirement of high-gain application. In the technical solution of the present invention described in this embodiment, when a small-sized pixel is designed using a shared structure pixel as an application example, the reading control of each pixel in a pixel unit may be specifically implemented by a back-end digital circuit, and the specific implementation may be designed according to a specific product application, which is not specifically described and limited in this embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a basic flowchart of a method for suppressing LED stroboscopic effect in imaging of an image sensor, which is provided by the present invention, and the following describes a scheme proposed by the present invention in detail in conjunction with an implementation flow of the method:
s401: arranging pixels in a pixel array of an image sensor in a unit of a 3 x 3 structure to form a pixel unit;
in the above step, each pixel of 3 rows and 3 columns constitutes a pixel unit including 9 pixels. The pixel array of the image sensor may include a plurality of pixel units, and the plurality of pixel units are arranged in a Bayer Pattern (Bayer Pattern), which may be referred to as a layout structure of each pixel in the plurality of pixel units and the plurality of pixel units shown in fig. 2.
S402: setting a central pixel of each pixel unit as a first group of pixels, and setting 8 pixels around the central pixel as a second group of pixels; the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels are respectively set with different exposure time and gain modes;
the exposure time of the central pixel of the first group is set according to the brightness value of the LED, and the exposure time is set to be not less than 11ms based on the 90Hz pulse frequency adaptive to the LED, so that the normal application of the image sensor is ensured. The first set of actual exposure equivalent value time E1x is E1, and E1 is an exposure time set according to the LED brightness value. The exposure time of the second group of pixels is set according to the brightness value of the application environment, the exposure time is shorter than that of the first group of pixels, the actual exposure equivalent value time E2x is 8E 2 PG, E2 is the exposure time set according to the brightness value of the application environment, and PG is the gain of the second group of pixels. The center pixel of the first group of pixels is set to have a longer exposure time, and the gain mode is set to be low, such as gain of 1, to reduce the sensitivity, so that the problem of overexposure does not occur in the longer exposure time. Eight pixels around the center pixel of the second group of pixels adopt a high gain mode or are set to a low gain mode according to specific application according to the normal exposure time of an application environment, and the pixel values of the eight pixels are summed and then output as one pixel value, so that the sensitivity is further improved.
In the above steps, the exposure time is set according to the LED brightness value, and whether the exposure time meets the target setting time can be determined by identifying the LED region and counting the brightness mean value of the region, and the next setting time value can be adjusted accordingly. The exposure time is set according to the current application environment brightness value, whether the current exposure time meets the target value or not can be determined at the back end by counting the mean value or the histogram of one frame of data, and the next exposure time value is adjusted accordingly.
S403: the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels are exposed in one frame and are respectively alternately output as two frames of images line by line;
in the above steps, the two frames of Image data output respectively are combined into one frame of Image output with high dynamic range in a linear calculation mode through an ISP (Image Signal Processing) at the rear end according to the exposure time ratio E1x/E2x, so that the problem of LED flicker is prevented for the Image output from the Image sensor, and the output Image is clear and bright, so as to capture more scene details and meet the application requirements.
The scheme provided by the invention is suitable for pixel design of various sizes, can simultaneously solve the problem that an image sensor inhibits stroboflash in the process of snapshot when an LED is used as a signal lamp and a traffic indicator, and outputs a clear image with a high dynamic range so as to meet various environmental applications, such as traffic indicator, automobile signal lamp and the like, capture a clearer and more stable image and avoid various problems and hazards.
The various embodiments of the invention and the accompanying drawings are presented for illustrative purposes and various equivalent modifications are possible in different forms without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention. Modifications of the embodiments of the invention which are based on the above detailed description are considered to fall within the scope of the invention. The terms used in the following claims should not be construed to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims. Rather, the full scope of the claims is to be construed according to the established doctrines of claim interpretation. The specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
Claims (7)
1. A method of LED strobe suppression in image sensor imaging, the method comprising:
a pixel in the pixel array of the image sensor is set as a pixel unit by taking a 3 multiplied by 3 structure as a unit;
the central pixel of each pixel unit is set as a first group of pixels, and eight pixels around the central pixel are set as a second group of pixels; the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels are respectively set with different exposure time and gain modes;
the first group of pixels and the second group of pixels complete exposure in one frame and are respectively alternately output as two frames of image data line by line;
wherein the pixel values of the second group of pixels of each of the pixel units are merged and output; wherein the equivalent exposure time of the first group of pixels is E1x, and the equivalent exposure time of the second group of pixels is E2 x;
the two output frame images are synthesized into one frame image having a high dynamic range in a linear calculation manner by image signal processing at the rear end according to the exposure time ratio E1x/E2 x.
2. The method of LED strobe suppression in imaging of an image sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein said first set of pixels sets exposure time according to LED brightness values; and the second group of pixels sets the exposure time according to the brightness value of the application environment.
3. The method of LED strobe suppression in image sensor imaging as claimed in claim 1 wherein the equivalent exposure time E1 x-E1 for the first set of pixels, where E1 is the exposure time of the first set of pixels set according to LED brightness values.
4. The method of LED strobe suppression in image sensor imaging as claimed in claim 1 wherein the equivalent exposure time E2 x-8-E2-PG for the second group of pixels, where E2 is the exposure time of the second group of pixels set according to the application environment brightness value and PG is the gain of the second group of pixels.
5. The method of LED strobe suppression in imaging of an image sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein pixels in said pixel array comprise conversion gain cells having two gain modes.
6. The method of LED strobe suppression in image sensor imaging as claimed in claim 5 wherein said two gain modes comprise a low gain mode and a high gain mode; the first group of pixels is set to be in a low gain mode, and the second group of pixels is set to be in a high gain mode or a low gain mode.
7. The method of LED strobe suppression in imaging of an image sensor as claimed in claim 1 wherein pixels in said pixel array have a shared structure.
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| CN111405211B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-09-23 | 上海集成电路研发中心有限公司 | Image sensor pixel structure and control method thereof |
| CN111866401A (en) * | 2020-08-31 | 2020-10-30 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Shooting method and device and electronic equipment |
| CN112019817B (en) * | 2020-09-03 | 2023-09-19 | 浙江大华技术股份有限公司 | Monitoring equipment control method and system, storage medium and electronic device |
| CN113596344B (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2023-10-24 | 艾酷软件技术(上海)有限公司 | Shooting processing method, shooting processing device, electronic equipment and readable storage medium |
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