CN110660917B - Method for forming mesoscopic solar cell electron transport layer - Google Patents

Method for forming mesoscopic solar cell electron transport layer Download PDF

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CN110660917B
CN110660917B CN201810696317.1A CN201810696317A CN110660917B CN 110660917 B CN110660917 B CN 110660917B CN 201810696317 A CN201810696317 A CN 201810696317A CN 110660917 B CN110660917 B CN 110660917B
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titanium dioxide
adhesive tape
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CN110660917A (en
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韩宏伟
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Hubei Wan Guang Light Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
    • H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
    • H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/40—Thermal treatment, e.g. annealing in the presence of a solvent vapour
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for forming an electron transport layer of a mesoscopic solar cell, which comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on an electrode surface of a substrate to obtain a printing substrate; (2) Depositing mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry on the printing substrate by a screen printing technology to form a mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film; (3) Placing the substrate with the mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in a nitrogen atmosphere for standing and drying; then placing the mixture in air or oxygen atmosphere for sintering to obtain the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer. The method of the invention can efficiently obtain the electron transport layer with uniform thickness.

Description

Method for forming mesoscopic solar cell electron transport layer
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for forming an electron transport layer of a mesoscopic solar cell.
Background
Perovskite solar cells have been widely spotlighted by virtue of their high photoelectric conversion efficiency and low material cost since their report in 2012. At present, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency in a laboratory reaches 22.1%, and the solar cell is considered to be a next generation novel solar cell capable of replacing a crystalline silicon solar cell and has wide commercialization prospect.
During the research of perovskite solar cells, various structures based on different materials have been developed, wherein a three-layer mesoporous structure with carbon as a back electrode is considered to be one of the most promising structures due to its low material cost and scalable process. The perovskite solar cell with the structure takes mesoporous titanium dioxide as an electron transport layer. The design and preparation of the large-area perovskite solar cell are the premise for realizing the industrialization of the perovskite solar cell. However, the fabrication process of the large-area perovskite solar cell faces a technical problem that the high-quality large-area electron transport layer thin film cannot be prepared by the conventional spin coating process. The high-quality titanium dioxide film with the area of more than 10cm multiplied by 10cm is not easy to prepare under the condition of the spin coating process; even if a conductive glass substrate having a size of 10cm × 10cm is adsorbed using a spin coater, the film thickness of the prepared titanium dioxide film is not uniform from the center of spin coating to the edge of the film.
Therefore, there is a need for a method for preparing a titanium dioxide electron transport layer with a uniformly controllable film thickness, thereby improving the efficiency of electron extraction and separation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for forming an electron transport layer of a mesoscopic solar cell, which can efficiently obtain the electron transport layer with uniform thickness. Further, the present invention provides a method for forming an electron transport layer suitable for a large-area substrate.
The invention discloses a method for forming an electron transport layer of a mesoscopic solar cell, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) Carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on the electrode surface of the substrate to obtain a printing substrate;
(2) Depositing mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry on the printing substrate by a screen printing technology to form a mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film;
wherein, the mesh number of the screen printing plate adopted by the screen printing technology is 150-250 meshes, the tension is 22-30N/cm, and the opening rate is 36-47%; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 2-3.5 mm; the adopted printing scraper comprises a scraper frame and an adhesive tape arranged on the scraper frame, wherein the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is 70-80 Shore, and the height of the adhesive tape exceeding the scraper frame is 2.5-3 cm; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 45-70 degrees; the printing speed of the scraper is 100-300 mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 5-8 kgf;
(3) Placing the substrate with the mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in an inert gas atmosphere for standing and drying; then placing the mixture in air or oxygen atmosphere for sintering to obtain the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer.
In the step (1), the substrate may be made of glass, monocrystalline silicon, or polymethyl methacrylate. The area of the substrate to which the forming method of the present invention is applied is not limited, but high-quality printing can be achieved even for a large-area substrate. In the invention, the length of the substrate can be 100-360 mm, preferably 200-360 mm; the width of the substrate may be 100 to 300mm, preferably 180 to 300mm.
According to the forming method of the present invention, in the step (1), the substrate is preferably made of a material selected from the group consisting of glass, single crystal silicon, and polymethyl methacrylate, and has a length of 100 to 360mm and a width of 100 to 300mm. More preferably, the substrate has a length of 200 to 360mm and a width of 180 to 300mm.
In the step (1), the material of the electrode may be a metal oxide or a conductive polymer, and preferably, the material of the electrode is at least one selected from tin oxide (ITO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), polyethylene dioxythiophene (PEDOT), and polyaniline. According to one embodiment of the invention, the material of the electrode is fluorine-doped tin oxide. The root mean square roughness of the surface of the electrode surface of the substrate may be 10 to 20nm, and more preferably 12 to 18nm. The adoption of the electrode surface of the substrate is more beneficial to forming a uniform mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in a subsequent procedure.
According to the forming method of the present invention, in the step (1), the root mean square roughness of the surface of the electrode surface of the substrate is preferably 10 to 20nm. For example, the surface root mean square roughness is 13 to 18nm. Root mean square roughness Rq is the root mean square value of the profile deviation from the mean line over the sample length. In the present invention, the electrode of the substrate is preferably a transparent electrode, and the light transmittance is preferably 95 to 99%.
In the step (1), the ultraviolet ozone treatment may be an ultraviolet ozone cleaning treatment, for example, an ultraviolet ozone cleaning machine may be used for the cleaning treatment. The wavelength of the ultraviolet light is 185-265 nm, preferably 185nm and/or 254nm. The ozone concentration can be 30-45 vol%; the cleaning frequency can be 45-70 Hz, preferably 50Hz; the washing time may be 8 to 30min, preferably 10 to 20min. After the electrode surface of the substrate is treated, the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry can be well infiltrated and spread.
According to the forming method of the present invention, preferably, in the step (1), the ultraviolet ozone treatment is an ultraviolet ozone cleaning treatment, the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 185nm and 254nm, the ozone concentration is 30 to 45vol%, the cleaning frequency is 45 to 70Hz, and the cleaning time is 8 to 30min.
In the step (2), the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is obtained by uniformly dispersing titanium dioxide in a dispersing agent. The particle diameter of the titanium dioxide is 30-45 nanometers, and the specific surface area is 62.17-75.38 m2(iv) g. The dispersant may be any one of terpineol, ethanol and n-butanol, and is preferably terpineol. The viscosity of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is 320-470 mPa.s, and the solid content is 22-25 wt%. The mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry has good surface tension and adhesive force, and is beneficial to being soaked and printed on a printing substrate. The titanium dioxide may beDispersing uniformly by conventional method. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the mesoporous titania slurry is obtained by dispersing titania in a dispersant and roll-dispersing the titania in a three-roll mill at a rotation speed of 180 to 240rpm in an environment of 20 to 25 ℃ and a relative humidity of 40 to 60%. The adoption of the condition is more beneficial to preparing the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry with good dispersion uniformity.
According to the forming method of the present invention, preferably, in the step (2), the mesoporous titania slurry is obtained by uniformly dispersing titania, the particle diameter of which is 30 to 45nm, and the specific surface area of which is 62.17 to 75.38m, in a dispersing agent2(ii)/g; the dispersing agent is any one of terpineol, ethanol and n-butanol; the viscosity of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is 320-470 mPa · s, and the solid content is 22-25 wt%.
In the step (2), the material of the screen printing plate can be selected from various materials, and is preferably a steel wire composite net, a polyester net (such as a teflon net) or a stainless steel net. The adhesive tape of the printing scraper is made of polyurethane, hard rubber and the like. In the step (2), the number of screen printing may be 1 to 2, and preferably 1.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the material of the screen printing plate is a steel wire composite net or a polyester net, and the mesh number of the screen printing plate is 150-200 meshes; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 2-3 mm; the adhesive tape is made of polyurethane, and the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is 70-74 Shore; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 45-60 degrees; the printing speed of the scraper is 100-120 mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 5-7 kgf. The strip preferably has a Shore hardness of 70 to 72 Shore. kgf means kilogram force.
According to another embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the material of the screen is a stainless steel mesh, and the mesh number of the screen is 200-250 meshes; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 3-3.5 mm; the adhesive tape is made of hard rubber, and the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is 75-80 Shore; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 65-70 degrees; the printing speed of the scraper is 150-300 mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 6-8 kgf.
According to the forming method of the present invention, preferably, in the step (3)The pressure of the inert gas is 120 to 150kPa, the relative humidity is 5 to 10%, and the concentration of particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or more is less than 1000 μ g/m3. Under the pressure of the inert gas, the wet mesoporous titanium dioxide film can be spread more uniformly. The inert gas includes nitrogen or argon, etc.
In the step (3), the standing mode is preferably horizontal standing; the standing time is 30 to 60min, more preferably 35 to 50min. Preferably, the drying temperature is 60-75 ℃, and more preferably 70-75 ℃; the drying mode can be horizontal heating drying or convection atmosphere drying. The sintering temperature is 480-550 ℃, preferably 490-520 ℃, and more preferably 500 ℃; the sintering time is 100 to 150min, preferably 110 to 140min, and more preferably 130min. According to the forming method of the invention, preferably, the standing mode is horizontal standing, the standing time is 30-60 min, the drying temperature is 60-75 ℃, the sintering temperature is 480-550 ℃, and the sintering time is 100-150 min.
The method can efficiently and uniformly transfer the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry from the screen printing plate to the substrate, and is particularly suitable for forming a large-area electron transport layer. By carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on the electrode surface, the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry can carry out good infiltration and deposition on the electrode surface more easily. By adjusting the screen printing process, the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry can be uniformly deposited with a thinner film forming thickness, and the printing efficiency is high. The formed wet mesoporous titanium dioxide film is placed in an inert gas atmosphere with certain pressure, so that the spreading uniformity of the wet mesoporous titanium dioxide film is further improved.
In addition, the method of the invention can form the high-quality large-area electron transmission layer with uniform interface and good film thickness uniformity. The electron transmission layer can efficiently extract electrons from the perovskite material and avoid the interface recombination of current carriers; the electron transport layer is also beneficial to the infiltration and filling of perovskite materials, thereby being beneficial to the preparation of high-performance mesoporous solar cells. The method of the invention can obtain the electron transport layer with the film thickness of 600-700 nm and the relative standard deviation of the film thickness of 5-11%.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
In the invention, the composite steel wire mesh is a composite mesh formed by stainless steel wires, polyester and nylon.
The polyester nets used in the following examples and comparative examples were teflon nets.
Example 1
(1) Carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on an electrode surface of a substrate by adopting an ultraviolet ozone cleaning machine, wherein the substrate is made of conductive glass, the size of the substrate is 360mm multiplied by 300mm, an electrode is FTO, the light transmittance of the electrode is 99%, and the root mean square roughness of the surface of the electrode surface is 15nm; and setting the wavelength of ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet ozone treatment to be 185nm and 254nm, setting the ozone concentration to be 35%, and cleaning for 10min at 50Hz to obtain the printing substrate.
(2) Titanium dioxide (particle diameter is 30-45 nm, specific surface area is 62.17-75.38 m)2And/g) dispersing in terpineol, and rolling and dispersing in a three-roll machine at the rotating speed of 200rpm under the environment of 22 ℃ and the relative humidity of 45% to obtain mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry, wherein the viscosity of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is about 400mPa & s, and the solid content of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is 25wt%.
And depositing the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry on a printing substrate by a screen printing technology to form a mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film. The screen printing plate is made of polyester screen, the screen printing plate has 180 meshes, the tension is 22-24N, and the opening rate is 42%; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 2.5mm; the adhesive tape is made of polyurethane, the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is preferably 70 Shore, and the height of the adhesive tape exceeding the scraper frame is 3cm; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 50 degrees; the doctor printing speed was 110mm/s and the doctor printing pressure was 5.5kgf; the number of printing times was 1.
(3) Horizontally standing the substrate with the mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in a nitrogen atmosphere for 30min, and drying at 75 ℃; the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere is 150kpa, the relative humidity is 10%, and the concentration of particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or more is less than 1000 μ g/m3. Then placing the obtained product in an air atmosphere, and sintering the obtained product at 500 ℃ for 130min to obtain the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer.
Example 2
(1) Carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on an electrode surface of a substrate by adopting an ultraviolet ozone cleaning machine, wherein the substrate is conductive glass, the size of the substrate is 360mm multiplied by 300mm, an electrode is FTO, the light transmittance of the electrode is 99%, and the root mean square roughness of the surface of the electrode surface is 15nm; and setting the wavelength of ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet ozone treatment to be 185nm and 254nm, setting the concentration of ozone to be 35%, and cleaning for 10min at 50Hz to obtain the printing substrate.
(2) Titanium dioxide (particle diameter is 30-45 nm, specific surface area is 62.17-75.38 m)2And/g) dispersing in terpineol, and rolling and dispersing in a three-roll machine at the rotating speed of 200rpm under the environment of 22 ℃ and the relative humidity of 45% to obtain mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry, wherein the viscosity of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is about 400mPa & s, and the solid content of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is 25wt%.
And depositing the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry on a printing substrate by a screen printing technology to form a mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film. The screen printing plate is made of a stainless steel net, the screen printing plate has 220 meshes, the tension is 22-24N, and the opening rate is 42%; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 3.0mm; the adhesive tape is made of hard rubber, the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is preferably 80 Shore, and the height of the adhesive tape exceeding the scraper frame is 3cm; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 68 degrees; the printing speed of a scraper is 200mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 7.0kgf; the number of printing times was 1.
(3) Horizontally standing the substrate with the mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in a nitrogen atmosphere for 30min, and drying at 75 ℃; the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere is 150kpa, the relative humidity is 10%, and the concentration of particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or more is less than 1000 μ g/m3. Then placing the obtained product in an air atmosphere, and sintering the obtained product at 500 ℃ for 130min to obtain the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer.
Example 3
(1) Carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on an electrode surface of a substrate by adopting an ultraviolet ozone cleaning machine, wherein the substrate is conductive glass, the size of the substrate is 360mm multiplied by 300mm, an electrode is FTO, the light transmittance of the electrode is 99%, and the root mean square roughness of the surface of the electrode surface is 15nm; and setting the wavelength of ultraviolet light of the ultraviolet ozone treatment to be 185nm and 254nm, setting the concentration of ozone to be 35%, and cleaning for 10min at 50Hz to obtain the printing substrate.
(2) Titanium dioxide (particle diameter is 30-45 nm, specific surface area is 62.17-75.38 m)2And/g) dispersing in terpineol, and rolling and dispersing in a three-roll machine at the rotating speed of 200rpm under the environment of 22 ℃ and the relative humidity of 45% to obtain the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry, wherein the viscosity of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is about 400mPa & s, and the solid content of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is 25wt%.
And depositing the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry on a printing substrate by a screen printing technology to form a mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film. The screen printing plate is made of a stainless steel screen, the screen printing plate has 150 meshes, the tension is 22-24N, and the opening rate is 42%; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 3.0mm; the rubber strip is made of hard rubber, the Shore hardness of the rubber strip is preferably 70 Shore, and the height of the rubber strip exceeding the scraper frame is 3cm; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 45 degrees; the printing speed of a scraper is 120mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 6.0kgf; the number of printing times was 1.
(3) Horizontally standing the substrate with the mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in a nitrogen atmosphere for 30min, and drying at 75 ℃; the pressure of the nitrogen atmosphere is 150kpa, the relative humidity is 10%, and the concentration of particles having a particle size of 0.5 μm or more is less than 1000 μ g/m3. Then placing the obtained product in an air atmosphere, and sintering the obtained product at 500 ℃ for 130min to obtain the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer.
Comparative example 1
The mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry obtained in the step (2) of the example 1 is coated on a printing substrate by adopting a spin coating method, and other steps are the same as the example 1, so that the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer is obtained.
The mesoporous titania electron transport layers obtained by the methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 were measured for film thickness and relative standard deviation of film thickness. The determination method comprises the following steps: and (3) scanning the film thickness curve of the mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer at 100 points at equal intervals under a step profiler, wherein the scanning range is selected to be 0-6.5 micrometers, the scanning probe force is selected to be 1mg, the scanning length is selected to be 4500 micrometers, and the scanning speed is selected to be 112.5 micrometers/second. All points were tested for film thickness data and statistical averages and relative standard deviations of film thickness were calculated to reflect overall film thickness levels and film thickness uniformity. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 film thickness of each mesoporous titania electron transport layer
Figure BDA0001713553860000091
Film thickness (nm) RSD(％)
Example 1 582±58nm 6.36
Example 2 605±71nm 7.62
Example 3 537±55nm 6.16
Comparative example 1 600±135nm 18.22
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and substitutions which may occur to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. A method for forming an electron transport layer of a mesoscopic solar cell comprises the following steps:
(1) Carrying out ultraviolet ozone treatment on the electrode surface of the substrate to obtain a printing substrate; the ultraviolet ozone treatment is ultraviolet ozone cleaning treatment, the wavelength of ultraviolet light is 185-265 nm, the ozone concentration is 30-45 vol%, the cleaning frequency is 45-70 Hz, and the cleaning time is 8-30 min;
(2) Depositing mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry on the printing substrate by a screen printing technology to form a mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film; the viscosity of the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is 320-470 mPa & s, and the solid content is 22-25 wt%;
wherein, the mesh number of the screen printing plate adopted by the screen printing technology is 150-250 meshes, the tension is 22-30N/cm, and the opening rate is 36-47%; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 2-3.5 mm; the adopted printing scraper comprises a scraper frame and an adhesive tape arranged on the scraper frame, wherein the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is 70-80 Shore, and the height of the adhesive tape exceeding the scraper frame is 2.5-3 cm; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 45-70 degrees; the printing speed of the scraper is 100-300 mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 5-8 kgf;
(3) Placing the substrate with the mesoporous titanium dioxide wet film in an inert gas atmosphere for standing and drying; then placing the mixture in air or oxygen atmosphere for sintering to obtain a mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer;
the pressure of the inert gas is 120-150 kPa, the relative humidity is 5-10%, and the concentration of particles with the particle size of more than 0.5 mu m is less than 1000 mu g/m3。
2. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the substrate is made of a material selected from any one of glass, single crystal silicon, and polymethyl methacrylate; the length of the substrate is 100-360 mm, and the width of the substrate is 100-300 mm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the substrate has a length of 200 to 360mm and a width of 180 to 300mm.
4. The forming method according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the root mean square roughness of the surface of the electrode surface of the substrate is 10 to 20nm.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein in step (1), the UV-ozone treatment is a UV-ozone cleaning treatment, and the UV light has a wavelength of 185nm and/or 254nm.
6. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the mesoporous titanium dioxide slurry is obtained by uniformly dispersing titanium dioxide in a dispersing agent, the titanium dioxide has a particle size of 30 to 45nm and a specific surface area of 62.17 to 75.38m2(ii)/g; the dispersant is any one of terpineol, ethanol and n-butanol.
7. The forming method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the material of the screen plate is a steel wire composite net or a polyester net, and the mesh number of the screen plate is 150-200 meshes; the distance between the screen printing plate and the printing substrate is 2-3 mm; the adhesive tape is made of polyurethane, and the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is 70-74 Shore; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 45-60 degrees; the printing speed of the scraper is 100-120 mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 5-7 kgf.
8. The forming method according to claim 6, wherein in the step (2), the material of the screen is a stainless steel mesh, and the mesh number of the screen is 200-250 meshes; the distance between the screen plate and the printing substrate is 3-3.5 mm; the adhesive tape is made of hard rubber, and the Shore hardness of the adhesive tape is 75-80 Shore; the angle between the adhesive tape and the printing substrate is 65-70 degrees; the printing speed of the scraper is 150-300 mm/s, and the printing pressure of the scraper is 6-8 kgf.
9. The forming method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the standing mode is horizontal standing, and the standing time is 30-60 min; the drying temperature is 60-75 ℃; the sintering temperature is 480-550 ℃, and the sintering time is 100-150 min.
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