CN1106586C - Super broad-band polarizing relfective material - Google Patents

Super broad-band polarizing relfective material Download PDF

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CN1106586C
CN1106586C CN96199316A CN96199316A CN1106586C CN 1106586 C CN1106586 C CN 1106586C CN 96199316 A CN96199316 A CN 96199316A CN 96199316 A CN96199316 A CN 96199316A CN 1106586 C CN1106586 C CN 1106586C
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liquid crystal
sequence
crystal material
polarization device
courage steroid
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CN1217796A (en
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李乐
姜颖秋
塞德格·M·法里斯
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Reveo Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements
    • G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y15/00—Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
    • F24S50/80—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors for controlling collection or absorption of solar radiation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
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    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • E06B2009/2464—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds featuring transparency control by applying voltage, e.g. LCD, electrochromic panels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

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Abstract

Disclosed are super broadband circularly polarizing film materials and novel methods of fabricating and using the same. The circularly polarizing materials are made from a film of material, such as a CLC polymer having a cholesteric order, in which a liquid crystal material, such as a nematic liquid crystal material, is distributed in a non-linear fashion across the thickness of the film in a plurality of liquid crystal-rich and liquid crystal-depleted sites in the CLC polymer. The pitch of the helices of the CLC molecules in the polymerized CLC material varies in a non-linear (e.g. exponential) manner along the depth dimension (i.e. transverse to the surface) thereof. The resulting circularly polarizing materials have reflection and transmission characteristics over bands of operation approaching 2000 nm. Depending on the final spiral structure of the materials utilized, the CLC circularly polarizing materials reflect either left-handed or right-handed circularly polarized light.

Description

Super broad-band polarizing relfective material
Background of invention
Technical field
The present invention relates to " surpass " the circular polarization reflecting material that individual layer cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) membrane material of broadband reflection and transmission frequency bandwidth characteristics is made, also relate in different application various manufacturings and use the new method of this film by having nearly 2000nm.
Background technology
The application of the circular polarization material that much needs broadband reflection and transmissison characteristic is arranged in Modern World.Like this scope of Ying Yonging from the polarizing filter that is used for the optics system to the high reflective paint that is used to make CLC based paint and printing ink.
The detailed review of prior art document shows: on July 20th, 1994 disclosed and transferred PhillipsElectronic, N.V of Eindhoven, the european patent application 94200026.6 (" Phillips list of references ") that the name of Netherland is called " cholesteric polarizer and its preparation method " is maximally related prior art list of references, because it discloses several methods of how making the individual layer clc film material with broadband reflection and transmissison characteristic.In order to realize being limited to broadband reflection and the transmissison characteristic of about 400nm, Phillips openly need join the UV dyestuff in the CLC potpourri so that the pitch that makes the CLC material changes to the minimum value on another film surface from the maximal value on a film surface, and the difference of wherein maximum pitch and minimum pitch is greater than 100nm.
According to disclosed the 1st manufacturing technology in the Phillips list of references, the CLC polarized material of prior art is formed by 2 polymerizable chirals and intermediary (nematogenic) monomer, its each have different reactivities.With this potpourri of photochemical radiation polymerization the time, join in the starting mixt by the dyestuff that will absorb ultraviolet ray (UV), in the linear change (being linear light chemical radiation intensity gradient) of crossing film optical activity layer direction realization photochemical radiation intensity.This linearized radiation intensity gradient causes at maximum radiation intensity position appearance the strongest reactive monomer and preferentially is impregnated in the into reactive the most weak monomer.As a result, between polymerization period, form the concentration gradient of at least one free monomer, cause this monomer to spread to the high concentration position from low monomer concentration position.The high response monomer is diffused into the highest position of radiation intensity.This diffusion process causes the increase of reactive monomer in the zone of the polymeric material of square one-tenth superlatively of when polymerization radiation intensity.As a result, the composition of this material is to change like this on the direction of crossing this film surface, and it makes " linear change " of in the layer that is formed by polymkeric substance generation molecular spiral line pitch.This liquid crystal material is linear distribution in film thickness direction.The pitch variation provides has the optically-active layer that bandwidth is directly proportional with the pitch of this molecular spiral line.In thin clc film structure, using the available maximum bandwidth of manufacturing technology of the prior art is about 400nm.
According to disclosed the 2nd manufacture method in the Phillips list of references, the spontaneous monomer that diffuses into the polymerizable clc film is then used the UV polymerization.By carrying out this manufacture method on the surface that the reactive monomer film is deposited on CLC material polymeric membrane.The monomer that diffuses into the clc film layer forms a concentration gradient in this layer before diffusion is ended.As a result, this initial CLC layer omits the pitch increase that microdilatancy causes the molecular spiral line.This has formed concentration gradient, and this concentration gradient causes " linear change " in film thickness direction pitch again.End diffusion with this layer of photochemical radiation polymerization, in thin clc film structure, provide the device of the wideband polarization with the nearly 400nm of reflection characteristic.
It should be noted that in the manufacturing technology that is disclosed in above-mentioned Phillips list of references 2 used stocks are characterised in that monomer has different reactivities in its starting mixt.In addition, when in the manufacturing technology of Phillips list of references, not using dyestuff, can not form diffusion gradient, and two kinds of main materials of polymerization cause narrow band polarizer.
Although above-mentioned Phillips list of references discloses several methods that are manufactured on the circular polarization film of the CLC base that has nearly 400nm reflection characteristic in the membrane structure, much needing bandwidth characteristic to be up in 5 times of big application, such bandwidth characteristic is not enough.In addition, it all is polymerisable that the manufacture method of above-mentioned prior art needs two component materials, has therefore limited the operable material of buying of a lot of types during fabrication.
Therefore, be starved of circular polarization membrane material in the art with the significantly wideer bandwidth of bandwidth that transmission and reflection characteristic provides than prior art circular polarization material.
Disclosure of an invention
Therefore, a basic purpose of the present invention provides and a kind ofly has than the obvious circular polarization material of wideer transmission and reflection characteristic of the reflection of prior art circular polarization CLC material and transmission bandwidth.
Another object of the present invention provides above-mentioned circular polarization material, and it has reflection and the transmission bandwidth characteristic of nearly 2000nm.
A further object of the present invention provides above-mentioned circular polarization material, and it has improved spectrum and the logical position characteristic of band.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the circular polarization material that has above-mentioned bandwidth characteristic and realize in single-film CLC material, wherein the pitch of CLC molecular spiral line changes with the depth direction (promptly being horizontal with the surface) of nonlinear mode along this clc film structure.
Another object of the present invention is that the form with utmost point wideband polarization printing ink and/or paint provides above-mentioned circular polarization material.
A further object of the present invention provide CLC base colored paint and/or printing ink, be used for the shades of colour purposes palette of (comprising japanning, printing etc.).
Another object of the present invention provide on the clc film structure, realize and have the colour filter of being applicable to and the ultra broadband garden of colouration multistage (notch) characteristic (or linear) polarizer.
A further object of the present invention provides ultra broadband CLC polarizing coating, and it has reflection and the transmission bandwidth of existing CLC polarizing coating bandwidth more than 2 times of same gross thickness.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the polarized monolayer device of utmost point wide bandwidth, and wherein the liquid crystal component of this polarizer presents nonlinear Distribution on this polarizer thickness direction.
Another object of the present invention provides above-mentioned circular polarization material, and wherein this liquid crystal material can be polymerizable or low-molecular-weight material in the present invention.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of making the circular polarization material, and this material has the spectral reflectance in utmost point broadband and transmissison characteristic, low optical loss, high polarization efficiency and low manufacturing cost.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of method of making the circular polarization material, and this material has utmost point broadband spectral bandpass characteristics, low optical loss property, high polarization efficiency, the manufacturing of simplification and low manufacturing cost.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of using the potpourri manufacturing utmost point wideband polarization device of polymerizable CLC, liquid crystal material and light trigger, wherein when the polymerisable CLC of polymerization, the velocity of separation of liquid crystal material is restricted to polymerization speed height than the polymerizable CLC that is aggregated.
Another purpose of the present invention provides a kind of method of making utmost point wideband polarization device in the mode of not using ultra-violet dye during making at it.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method of making ultra broadband circular polarization material, wherein the polymerisable CLC that will be aggregated by means of optical loss in this polymerisable CLC medium is exposed under photochemistry (for example UV) radiation of non-linear (for example index) intensity gradient, makes the pitch nonlinearities change of CLC molecular spiral line wherein thus.
Another purpose of the present invention provides the method that component cholesteric liquid crystal polymer that a kind of use can buy and liquid crystal material are made ultra broadband circular polarization material.
A further object of the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing to be had and expands to the freestanding circular polarization film that is up to about 2000nm ultra broadband transmission and reflection characteristic.
These and other objects of the present invention hereinafter and be clearly in claims of the present invention.
According to the 1st aspect of the present invention, the circular polarization material of new construction is disclosed.Different with the reflection circle polarizer of prior art, circular polarization material of the present invention has reflection and the transmission bandwidth characteristic that spreads all over ultra broadband wavelength (for example being up to 2000nm).Circular polarization material of the present invention is to be made by the film of the polymerizable material with courage steroid sequence (for example polymerisable clc film), and wherein the liquid crystal molecule of crosslinkable (for example nematic phase) is not distributed in nonlinear mode in a lot of rich solutions crystalline substances and the brilliant position of lean solution at this polymerisable clc film thickness direction.According to the last helix structure of used polymerizable CLC material, the circular polarization film of gained of the present invention has the dextrorotation of above-mentioned scope ultra wide band electrically magnetic wave part wavelength or left-handed circularly polarized light with reflection.
Ultra broadband circular polarization reflecting material of the present invention can be used to make multiple product, that is: the ultra broadband circularly polarizing plate; The ultra broadband color filter; The ultra broadband circular polarization pigment flakes that in printing ink and/or paint, uses as colorant; Being used for the three-dimensional 3-dimension of SMI base shows and observes little polarization plates of purposes and polarising glass etc.
According to the 2nd aspect of the present invention, a kind of new method of making ultra broadband circular polarization material of the present invention is disclosed.According to this method, cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymkeric substance (having courage steroid sequence) and the liquid crystal material of crosslinkable not (for example having the nematic order row), light trigger and the chiral additives that can or cannot chemistry be connected on this polymkeric substance are under the temperature with courage steroid sequence liquid condition and mix keeping this potpourri.Preferably, this liquid crystal material exists with weight ratio with the polymerizable CLC that is connected with chiral additives (chiral radicals) chemistry at 1: 2, but also can be with 3: 1-1: 6 weight ratio existence, this depends on related all conditions.Preferably, light trigger is 0.6% (weight) in the amount that this potpourri exists, but also can be higher or lower amount, as long as this amount is enough to cause the polymerization of polymerizable CLC material.Usually, the amount that light trigger is introduced in the potpourri should be such, and when this potpourri is exposed to the photochemistry reflex time, the polymerization speed of polymerizable CLC is lower than the velocity of separation of liquid crystal material.
When with this mixture heated to for example 92 ℃ the time, in order to keep courage steroid sequence, this potpourri stands photochemical radiation (for example ultraviolet light) to be handled a period of time and its intensity and is enough to this polymerisable CLC of polymerization or this liquid crystal material or both.Because this photochemical light has index intensity distributions (owing to the optical attenuation that causes by for example light absorption and/or scattering), so with nonlinear mode generation polymerization, cause polymkeric substance and liquid crystal material in the nonlinear distribution of the direction of crossing film thus.Between polymerization period, be separated.Be designed to the velocity of separation of liquid crystal material bigger than the polymerization speed of the polymerizable CLC that is aggregated.Like this, the deflation pitch position of liquid crystal material from polymerizable CLC material separated and is diffused into increase pitch position in the polymerizable CLC material.As a result, form the pitch of exponential distribution to another surface from the surface of a polymerizable clc film.What illustrated is that the new composition of this circular polarization reflecting material provides its significantly improved ultra broadband transmission and reflection characteristic.
Although it is believed that according to technology of the present invention, any nonlinear Distribution of liquid crystal material helix pitch all can be produced ultra broadband circular polarization material, but its preferred each embodiment disclosed herein all has the pitch that extends to another surperficial exponential distribution from a surface of this polarizing coating.
Brief description of drawings
Purpose for a more complete understanding of the present invention and characteristics should be read the detailed description of illustrative embodiment with accompanying drawing, wherein:
The index pitch that Fig. 1 dots the helix of liquid crystal material in the ultra-wideband polarizer of the present invention changes the curve map of drawing as the function of scaled distance (reduced distance) wherein, and the linear pitch of representing the helix of liquid crystal material in the wideband polarization device of prior art with solid line changes the curve map of drawing as the function of scaled distance wherein;
Fig. 2 represents the reflection of light that penetrates in the ultra-wideband polarizer of the present invention as the function of wavelength and the curve map of drawing with solid line, dot the reflection of light that penetrates in the wideband polarization device of prior art as the function of wavelength and the curve map of drawing;
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional view of CLC material layer between polymerization period, comprises polymerisable CLC, liquid crystal material (nematic phase) and light trigger, has intensity (I 0) photochemical radiation (for example ultraviolet light) incident from the teeth outwards, " x " position in the CLC layer, intensity is I (x);
Fig. 4 is to use the synoptic diagram of the polymeric membrane image that liquid crystal material helix pitch distributes in the clc film of measuring polymerization AtomicForce Microscope (AFM) obtains, arbitrary half to the distance expression CLC pitch between the black line;
Fig. 5 is illustrated in the curve map that pitch changes on the clc film layer direction of crossing polymerization with black box, be illustrated in the curve map that crosses normalization UV strength retrogression on the clc film identical layer direction with solid line;
Fig. 6 is that the reflection bandwidth of 20 microns circular polarization films uses 0.047mW/cm as it 2UV intensity in the diagrammatic representation to the function of row E31 concentration of 92 ℃ of curing.
Implement best mode of the present invention
Unexpected is to have been found that: have the super broad-band polarizing relfective that is up to 2000nm and the clc film material of transmissison characteristic in order to produce, must be: the pitch of the CLC molecular spiral line in this clc film material must non-linearly change along its depth direction.
The applicant has made us unexpectedly finding: can produce ultra broadband circular polarization material of the present invention in the following manner: (1) does not use ultra-violet dye in CLC raw material starting mixt; (2) use polymerisable CLC material, not liquid crystal material of crosslinkable (nematic phase) and suitable light trigger, in the presence of used incident light chemical radiation during the polymerization (promptly solidifying) of known quantity, its amount guarantees that the polymerization speed of polymerisable CLC is slower than the velocity of separation of this liquid crystal material.By satisfying these conditions, have been found that: can not break away from the circular polarization membrane material that manufacturing in every way has the ultra broadband reflection characteristic under the condition of the present invention.The detailed content of its new manufacturing method is described below.
Make the conventional method of CLC polarizing coating material herein
The conventional method of making ultra broadband circular polarization material of the present invention comprises following component is mixed: the polymerizable liquid-crvstalline material (for example side chain ring-type liquid crystalline polysiloxane) that (i) has courage steroid sequence; (ii) has nematic liquid crystal material; Satisfy above-mentioned suitable light trigger of creating conditions with a certain amount of.
In the illustrative embodiment described in the described in this article embodiment 1-13, the polymerisable CLC material that is used for this manufacture method can be buied from German Wacker GmbH, and when this polymerisable CLC material is exposed to UV radiation in the presence of light trigger, with cationic polymerization process with its polymerization.This polymerisable CLC material obtains with blue (CC4039L) and red (CC4070L) compound, and both all have left-handed helical structure.After 70 ℃ of UV solidified, this oil blackeite compound was at 390nm place reflection nonpolarized light, and the reddening compound is at 690nm place reflection nonpolarized light.This polymerisable CLC material also can obtain with the right hand helix structure, for example CLC polysiloxane (CC4039R) oil blackeite compound.When in the proper ratio this compound (CC4039R) being mixed with left-handed polymerisable CLC such as CC4039L, when when solidifying for 70 ℃, the circularly polarized light of the clc film of gained reflection dextrorotation.Before curing, at room temperature this raw material CLC material demonstrates rubbery state, and it becomes liquid in the time of about 70 ℃.
Buy with E31LV and E7 from German EMIndustries with the nematic liquid crystal material that top polymerisable CLC material uses.
Among the embodiment of the illustrative embodiment that is discussed in more detail below, take by weighing polymerisable CLC, nematic liquid crystal material, light trigger (with the chiral additives in 1 embodiment) and it is mixed on 1 hot plate with needed ratio.In each embodiment, the CLC potpourri is joined in the glass case with polishing polyimide coating (being used for molecule better is orientated).At last, under the temperature of selecting, be enough to make polymerization to carry out completely the time with this mixture solidified (for example polymerization), for example by thermal polymerization, preferably by photon initiation carrying out thermal polymerization by this potpourri being exposed in the photochemical light one section.The photochemical radiation (UV radiation) that is used for polymerization clc film material demonstrates the intensity distributions of non-linear (for example index) in clc film that is cured or layer, rather than the linear intensity in the prior art manufacture method distributes.This is owing to be used to make the optical attenuation that the material of this CLC mixture layer causes and cause.Except above-mentioned, in the end this liquid crystal material or this CLC material can be liquid condition in the polarizer of Xing Chenging.
Keep this material be mix under the temperature of liquid condition after with polymerization before, this nematic liquid crystal material weak bond is linked on the polymerisable CLC material.Response is exposed to photochemical radiation, and the liquid crystal that polymerization makes this weak bond connect is separated from polymerisable CLC and begun and spreads.The expansion area that this nematic liquid crystal material is diffused into polymerisable CLC forms the brilliant position of rich solution.Stay the brilliant position (as the position of similar nonlinear Distribution) of lean solution from other regional isolated liquid crystal of polymerisable CLC.Since in whole medium radiation intensity be non-linear (more specifically, be index) and polymerizable CLC's more have swelling property than relatively low radiation intensity zone, high radiance zone, presents nonlinear Distribution so this nematic liquid crystal material preferentially is diffused into than the high radiance position and in this polymkeric substance CLC material.
Advantageously, as long as the velocity of separation of liquid crystal uses commercially available material just can make ultra-wideband polarizer of the present invention greater than the polymerization speed of the material that is aggregated.
The ultra broadband reflection characteristic of CLC of the present invention garden polarizing coating
Consider briefly that during this time crossing that non-linear pitch on its CLC polarized material direction distributes be how its ultra broadband characteristic to be exerted an influence and look back the data that some experience collects and support that its broadband superiority will be suitable well than existing polarization technology.About this discussion, Fig. 1 with reference to the accompanying drawings-5.
In Fig. 1, carried out being expressed as the linear pitch distribution P of scaled distance y ' function 1(y ') and index pitch distribution P eThe comparison of (y ').Linear distribution is defined as:
P 1(y’)＝1+y’＝1+y/d
And exponential distribution is defined as:
P e(y’)＝exp[y’]
Wherein d is a film thickness.Can clearly be seen that from this family curve: the pitch rate of change exponential function is much steeper than pitch rate of change in linear function.For same thickness, wherein pitch is much wideer than the bandwidth of the polarizer with linear distribution pitch according to the bandwidth of the polarizer of exponential distribution.In Fig. 2, compare by bandwidth this fact has been described the CLC polarizer technology of the typical bandwidth of the polarizer of illustrative embodiment of the present invention and prior art.
In Fig. 2, use circularly polarized light beam to obtain the reflectance spectrum (dotting) of prior art polarizer with the chirality that is suitable for this polarizer helix sensing., the spectrum (representing) by using unpolarized light beam measurement circuit polarizer of the present invention with solid line.The observed result of Fig. 2 clearly illustrates that: the bandwidth according to the circuit polarizer of the technology of the present invention manufacturing is more than 2 times of prior art circuit polarizer bandwidth, although their gross thickness is identical.
In Fig. 3-5, provide further support true, be the reason that causes its ultra broadband characteristic promptly crossing herein on the CLC polarized material direction that nonlinear pitch distributes.In Fig. 3, show the cross-sectional view of polymerizable CLC layer or film, electromagnetic radiation (as photochemistry or ultraviolet light) I 0Incident thereon.Polymerisable clc film 1 also comprises nematic liquid crystal and light trigger.The radiation intensity that a certain position " x " locates in CLC layer 1 with the 2 ultraviolet light forms of representing is I (x).Suppose a uv absorption coefficient, can obtain equation (2) with known method:
I(x)＝I 0exp(-αx)
Wherein absorption coefficient comprises all light loss sources, for example absorption, scattering etc.The separating of equation (2) shows that be the index decay from the front surface of this polymerisable CLC layer or film 1 to rear surface intensity.
In Fig. 4, shown the accompanying drawing of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) image that pitch distributes used in the layer 1 of the CLC layer of measuring polymerization or film such as Fig. 3.In Fig. 4, the front of clc film or layer 1 is placed on the right side of this accompanying drawing.Showing that pitch changes so that point out to relate to the scale of this value on the 0-10 micrometer range arbitrarily.Use the xsect of this polymerisable CLC layer 1, detector is crossing this thickness of sample scanning direction, the variation of the electric current that produces in detector according to the variation (its amount with the liquid crystal of isolating when film 1 is exposed to photochemistry or ultraviolet light and spreading is relevant) of pitch.Because radiation intensity is in the right side of film 1 maximum, expanding greatlyyer than the zone of high radiance so people estimate this CLC material, therefore the diffusion liquid crystal material of bigger gathering is provided at these positions.As a result, form long pitch.Certainly, in lower and more low intensive zone, less and more weak expansion takes place and the gathering of less and more weak diffusion liquid crystal takes place, thereby cause short pitch.When polymerization was finished, film 1 demonstrates nonlinear pitch to be changed, and this makes incident light always reflect on very large bandwidth.Certainly, than the lower frequency of zone (frequency that its reflection is higher) reflection of the regional smaller pitch of coarse pitch.The highest frequency of reflection and the difference of low-limit frequency are the bandwidth of polarizer.
As what find out from the consideration of Fig. 5, it is non-linear (here, it is an index) really that the pitch in the membrane structure of CLC polymerization changes.In the figure, the diagrammatic representation that the ultraviolet ray intensity decay that has provided equation (1) changes the pitch of Fig. 4, this pitch changes and is in film that crosses Fig. 3 or layer 1 direction detection.Solid line among Fig. 5 is to use the curve of the equation (2) of UV absorption coefficient (it is to measure) in independent mensuration of layer or film 1.The scale of this curve has been normalization by the people.The pitch variation of measuring from Fig. 4 also is plotted among Fig. 5.At any point, the distance between black or the white line is determined 1/2nd of pitch in the clc film 1 by arbitrary among Fig. 4.Pitch with nanometer (nm) expression is to draw the square pitch value that is illustrated in selected some place of putting in Fig. 5 with the position of micron (μ) expression.As can be seen from Figure 5: the solid line exponential damping of the UV intensity that light loss causes in the non-linear CLC pitch variation of clc film 1 direction of crossing polymerization is followed the tracks of by polymerization process.This clearly illustrates: at any point by this film 1 thickness direction, the pitch of the clc film 1 of polymerization is proportional to the radiation intensity of this point, and changes the number form formula that is meant in total pitch of crossing layer 1 direction.
Embodiment 1
In this embodiment, the red compound (CC4070L) of above-mentioned CLC polysiloxane is mixed with above-mentioned E31 nematic liquid crystal.When solidifying for 70 ℃, this redness CC4070L has left-handed distortion sensing and reflects at the 690nm place.This potpourri contains the IG184 light trigger of the E31/CC4070L and 0.6% (weight) of 1/2 weight ratio.Light trigger IG184 is from Ciba Geigy, Hawthorne, and NewYork buys.This potpourri joined in No. 20 the glass case and under 92 ℃ that provide by a hot plate temperature, at 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.In this embodiment, this CLC silicone materials of polymerization and nematic liquid crystal still remains on liquid condition only.After the polymerization,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained circular polarization membrane material on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.The polarizer of gained has comprised the band logical (band pass) of 560-2160nm, thereby the ultra-wideband polarizer of 1600nm is provided.
Embodiment 2
In this embodiment, blue compound (CC4039L) of CLC polysiloxane and nematic liquid crystal (E31) are mixed with the light trigger of 0.6% (weight) with 2: 1 weight ratios.Use 20 flint glass F boxes that the film of this thickness is provided.Use 0.047mW/cm 2The UV lamp at 92 ℃ this CLC is solidified.Thereby the polarization layer of gained comprises the logical ultra-wideband polarizer that the 830nm that comprises whole visible lights and near infrared light bands of a spectrum is provided of the band of 370-1200nm.As the situation of embodiment 1, solidify back liquid crystal material (E3) and still keep liquid condition.After the polymerization (promptly solidifying),, carry out the spectral analysis of gained circular polarization membrane material on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Embodiment 3
Above-mentioned two embodiment have used has the CLC polysiloxane that left-handed distortion is pointed to.In the present embodiment, use CLC polysiloxane with right-hand helix (distortion) sensing.Blue compound (CC4070R) with above-mentioned distortion sensing is that GmbH buys from German Wacker, and when when solidifying for 70 ℃, it is at reflection dextrorotation garden, 390nm place light.To mix with the IG184 light trigger of CLC silicone materials (CC 4039R) and 1% (weight) from the nematic liquid crystal material that German EMIndustries buys with 1: 2 weight ratio.Fold up this potpourri between 20 flint glass F boxes and at 122 ℃, 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.Thereby the circular polarization membrane material of the reflection right-circularly polarized light of gained has comprised the logical polarizer that the ultra broadband of 400nm is provided of the band of 520-920nm.After solidifying (being polymerization), at room temperature polymerizable liquid-crvstalline (M-15) is not solid-state.After the polymerization,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained sample on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Embodiment 4
In this embodiment, the CLC material of use be not polymerizable and nematic liquid crystal is polymerisable, thereby the ultra broadband polarized material is provided, wherein after polymerization, this CLC is in mesomorphic state.In order to form the CLC material of suitable not polymerizable, will all be that liquid crystal material E31 from German EM Industries buys mixes with another liquid crystal material ZLI-2309 and chiral additives S1011.The CLC material of the not polymerizable of gained is low-molecular-weight, and in this potpourri, chiral additives has been induced left-handed helical structure.Weight ratio with 1/1/0.2 mixes E31/ZLI-2309/S1011.With 1: 2 weight ratio this CLC material is mixed with polymerisable nematic liquid crystal polymeric material CN4000 then.CN4000 is that GmbH buys from German Wacker.This potpourri is joined in the box that the glass substrate 20 by 2 friction coating polyimides that separate forms with the IG184 light trigger of 0.6% (weight), and at 70 ℃, 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.Here, this nematic liquid crystal material CN4000 polymerization and low-molecular-weight CLC material remains liquid condition.As the situation of other embodiment, the velocity of separation of this liquid crystal material is greater than the polymerization speed of polymerisable CLC material.Thereby the circular polarization membrane material of gained reflects the Left-hand circular polarization radiation and comprises the logical polarizer that the ultra wide bandwidth of 620nm is provided of band of 430-1050nm.After the polymerization,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained circular polarization membrane material on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Embodiment 5
In this embodiment, this potpourri is added by the crosslinkable siloxane polymer of nematic order row and chiral additives that light trigger (IG184) forms.It should be noted that and do not add the not nematic liquid crystal of crosslinkable (for example E31).This siloxane obtains from German Wacker to row polymkeric substance (CN4000).Chiral additives is by R1011, CB15 and CE1 (they all are that EMI obtains from Merck) composition.The weight ratio of the CN 4000/R1011/CB15/CE1/IG184 of this potpourri is 0.75: 0.03: 0.11: 0.11: 0.017.Then this potpourri is filled in 20 glass cases with rubbed polyimide coating.Stand about 0.2mW/cm at 80 ℃ 2One section time enough of UV exposure after, the broadband reflection polarizer that obtains having the 360-750nm bandwidth.Because having dextrorotation, this chiral additives points to, so this polarizer reflection right-circularly polarized light.The importance of this embodiment is: according to technology of the present invention, in order to form ultra broadband circular polarization membrane material, the low-molecular-weight nematic liquid crystal of crosslinkable is not essential.Can form the polarizer of ultra broadband with the nematic liquid crystal polymkeric substance that chiral additives simply mixes.In this embodiment same mechanism be the molecule that polymerization causes distribute again (PIMRD) remain effective.Because all chiral additives (being R1011, CB15, CE1) component all is crosslinkables not, be separated and to the row polymer network, separating so experienced at this chiral molecules between polymerization period.This isolated chiral molecules begins along the diffusion of the UV direction of propagation, causes chiral molecules to shorten and elongated position gathering and minimizing in CLC pitch respectively.At last, form pitch gradient.It should be noted that this chiral additives is multiple compound form.Prove that as independently test when polymerization, two kinds of chipal compounds are that CB15 and CE1 are separated out and spread along the UV direction of propagation from liquid crystal polymer network.Yet the 3rd chipal compounds R1011 do not demonstrate the clear evidence that is separated and spreads.After the polymerization, the circular polarization membrane material of gained carries out spectral analysis at Perkin-Elmer on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Embodiment 6
In this embodiment, described at plastic substrate (it may have 1 surface that does not have substrate) and gone up the method for making ultra broadband CLC circular polarization material.The liquid crystal compound that uses in this embodiment can be mention in this application any.The typical plastics substrate that uses is PET.This pet sheet face can or can be handled with the polyimide coating of friction.If do not need polyimide coating, then whole manufacturing process becomes much simple.The processing that this PET substrate only needs is its exposed surface of mechanical friction.The CLC potpourri is coated on 1 plastic substrate, covers last the 2nd PET sheet then.Afterwards, under suitable temperature, whole packing is sent in the laminating machine.After the lamination, between 2 blocks of plastic sheet materials, obtain uniform clc film.Under 80 ℃ of temperature, make this film stand UV with suitable intensity and expose the sufficiently long time then.Between plastic sheet, obtain the CLC polarizer of ultra broadband.Its optical property (comprising extinction ratio) is similar to 2 optical properties between the glass substrate with rubbed polyimide.At last, can peel away 1 plastic substrate causes on 1 surface and does not have substrate.Said method has following advantage: (1) is owing to extremely thin plastic sheet, so the thickness of whole polarizer can be reduced to 0.25mm significantly; (2) this polarizer is that machinery is pliable and tough; (3) manufacture process is simple; (4) can make the large scale polarizer; (5) reduce cost significantly.After the polymerization,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained circular polarization membrane material on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Embodiment 7
In this embodiment, use the short pitch CLC liquid crystal polymer of development newly to make broadband CLC circular polarization membrane material.This material (code name is CLM001CC, derives from the Wacker of Germany) is being selected reflection wavelength 309nm place reflection left circularly polarized light.This CLC material is in case mix with the light trigger of appropriate amount (for example IG184, Cyba Geigy), and it can be by the UV polymerization.In order to make the wideband polarization membrane material, the polymerisable CLC material of this short pitch and low-molecular-weight be mixing to row material E7 (EMI) of crosslinkable not.The material compositions that is used for the wideband polarization device is CLM001CC/E7/IG184=0.157/0.065/0.0047 (weight ratio).This potpourri is filled in the 20 flint glass F boxes with rubbed polyimide coating.After 70 ℃ are exposed to suitable UV intensity time enough, obtain reflecting almost the broadband CLC polarizer of 50% 370-850nm nonpolarized light.By mix other not crosslinkable nematic liquid crystal for example M15 (Merck) obtained similar result.After the polymerization,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained circular polarization membrane material on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Embodiment 8
In this embodiment, the method for making free-standing broadband CLC circular polarization membrane material is described.This material blends contains CLM001CC/M15/IG184=2/1/0.06 (weight ratio).This potpourri is filled in the 20 flint glass F boxes with rubbed polyimide coating.Use 0.011mW/cm at 80 ℃ 2UV intensity solidify this sample.The light of the film reflection 370-770nm that obtains.In the time of after the polymerization and on being supported on glass substrate,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained circular polarization membrane material on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.Afterwards, mechanically remove 1 glass substrate.Then, peel off down this broadband film from remaining glass substrate.Obtain the wideband polarization film of stand alone type (free standing).Before peeling off and afterwards the spectrum of film illustrates that the optical property of this freestanding wideband polarization film does not change.This broadband circular polarization film of being produced is very pliable and tough and can at random bends to any angle.In addition, also it can be laminated on any substrate.
Embodiment 9
In the present embodiment, the method for making based on the accurate wide-band linearity polarizer of free-standing CLC circular polarization film is described.On 1/4 wavelength plate or sheet (for example PVAC polyvinylalcohol stretching, extension sheet), obtain this linear polarization by the free-standing CLC polarizing coating contact laminating that described manufacturing is good.Carry out this lamination by means of laminating machine.Obviously observe again behind the laminating operation and do not reduce optical property.Behind the lamination,, carry out the spectral analysis of the accurate wide-band linearity polarizer of gained on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Measure transmission and reflectance spectrum.
Randomly, when needs or when requiring, thereby independently CLC circular polarization film lamination of the present invention can be obtained garden or linear polarization membrane structure on the phase retardation plate of other type.Aspect relevant therewith as to the polarization state conversion (promptly linear to the garden, the garden to linearity, linearity to linearity, garden to the garden, unpolarized linearity and the unpolarized garden of arriving arrived) the fabulous guidance and the summary of principle, REFERENCE TO RELATED people's US5221982, the document is incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiment 10
In the present embodiment, the method for making based on the extra wide band polarization printing ink of ultra broadband circular polarization material of the present invention is described.According to this method, as mentioned above, make broadband circular polarization film independently.The USP5364557 acceptance of the bid of using then the applicant is entitled as the thin slice that the technology described in " cholesteric liquid crystal printing ink " (" Cholesteric LiquidCrystal Inks ") (document is incorporated herein by reference) becomes this independent film Mechanical Crushing micro-dimension.Afterwards, with this CLC thin slice and the limpid and heat-setting carrier liquid of optics for example varnish (PUL Varnish for example, Marabu German) mixes.In order to test the light property of this broadband CLC base oil China ink that forms thus, on the radiation attract substrates, (promptly provide the black background) with this CLC printing ink screen printing.Yet, should understand, in fact can be on any radiation sorbent surface with two dimension or three-dimensional surface characteristic with this CLC ink coats.Check the extinction ratio of this CLC printing ink with the circuit polarizer of pair of orthogonal.Because this CLC thin slice is also keeping left-hand polarization character (promptly reflecting left circularly polarized light), so can see from the bright white light of this printing ink reflection by the left-hand polarization device that covers this printing ink.In addition, the black background looks like that this printing ink covers with the right-hand circular polarization device.At Perkin-Elmer, carry out the spectral analysis of the CLC printing ink of gained on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.
Disclosed arbitrary technology among use the applicant's the USP5364557 can be used to make CLC printing ink with ultra broadband circular polarization material of the present invention.For color characteristic being given CLC pigment herein (for example printing ink and/or paint), can use any technology described in " controlling the bandwidth and the spectral position of circular polarization material of the present invention " below this paper one section to obtain the result.
Embodiment 11
In the present embodiment, used CLC material is from German Wacker, the potpourri to row E7 and chiral additives R1011 (both all buy from the EM Industries of Germany) of the left-handed polymerisable polysiloxane CLC (CC4039L) that GbmH buys and polymerizable not.This polymerisable CLC material (CC4039L) has left-handed distorted-structure and this chiral additives (R1011) has the dextrorotation distorted-structure.The weight ratio that this material E7/CC4039L/R1011/IG184 is present in the potpourri is 1/2/0.1/0.012.IG184 is a light trigger.This potpourri is joined in the 20 thick glass cases with rubbed polyimide coating and at 0.047mW/cm 282 ℃ of UV intensity solidify down.In this embodiment, this cholesteric crystal material (CC4039L) polymerization after the curing and still keep liquid state to row material (E7).The same with other embodiment, the velocity of separation of the liquid crystal material of polymerizable is not greater than the polymerization speed of polysiloxane.After the polymerization,, carry out the spectral analysis of gained sample on the Lambda19 spectrophotometer at Perkin-Elmer.Transmission and reflectance spectrum are all measured in left-handed, dextrorotation and unpolarized light.The CLC circular polarization film reflection Left-hand circular polarization radiation of gained and the band of covering 800-1428nm are logical, thereby provide the ultra wide bandwidth polarizer more than the 600nm near infrared (IR) zone of electromagnetic wave spectrum.In this embodiment, it is logical that the position of use chiral additives control band and different concentration are controlled available band.
Embodiment 12
In this embodiment, make broadband CLC polarizer based on the acrylate liquid-crystal compounds of courage steroid sequence and the nematic liquid crystal material potpourri of crosslinkable not.In this embodiment, use respectively 2 kinds blue and red wavelength reflect the polymerizable acrylate cholesteric liquid crystal Compound C M95 of right-circularly polarized light and CM94 (BASF, Aktiengesellschaft, Ludwigshafen, German).With this blueness Compound C M95 and crosslinkable not to row M15 (EMI) and light trigger IG184 (Cyba Geigy) with CM: M15: IG184=2: 1: 0.06 weight ratio is mixed.This potpourri is filled in 20 glass cases with rubbed polyimide coating and at 35 ℃ with the suitable sufficiently long time of UV radiation curing.The right-handed polarized light of the wideband polarization device reflection 590-900nm that obtains, bandwidth is about 310nm.When mixing with acrylate CLC and being exposed to the UV light time, for example E7 etc. also can broadening polarization bandwidth to the row material for other.
Control the bandwidth and the spectral position of circular polarization material of the present invention
For various purposes (for example, color characteristic is given herein CLC pigment, is designed the light-filtering characteristic of polarizer herein etc.), can be with the bandwidth and the spectral position (i.e. " tuning ") of a lot of methods control the application's CLC circular polarization film.Several technology are described below so that any embodiment of using CLC circular polarization material of the present invention is realized such effect.
The 1st method is to control the spectral bandwidth of circular polarization membrane material herein by controlling its thickness.For example, use E31/CC4039L=1: the material of 2 (weight ratios) and 0.6% IG184, when film thickness when 2 change to 20, the bandwidth of polarizer can be increased to 800nm from 580nm.Afterwards, with this polarizing coating at 92 ℃, 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.
The 2nd method is to control the spectral bandwidth of circular polarization membrane material herein by the concentration that changes chiral additives.For example, use E31/CC4039L=1: the material of 2 (weight ratios) and 0.6% IG184, film thickness is 20, this polarizing coating is at 70 ℃, 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.When S1011 chiral additives concentration when 0 is increased to 6.6%, bandwidth is reduced to 460nm from 980nm.In addition, along with the increase of chiral additives concentration, centre wavelength is moved to short wavelength's direction " indigo plant " more.
The 3rd method controlled circuit polarizer spectrum with the variation of solidification temperature.For example, use E31/CC4039L=1: the material of 2 (weight ratios) and 0.6% IG184, film thickness is 20, sample is at 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.If solidification temperature is reduced to 70 ℃ from 92 ℃, centre wavelength is moved to long wavelength's direction " red " more so.
The 4th method controlled circuit polarizer spectrum by changing photoinitiator concentration.For example, use E31/CC4039L=1: the material of 2 (weight ratios), film thickness are 20, and sample is at 92 ℃, 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.Usually, increase light trigger (IG184) concentration, reduce the bandwidth of polarizer.
The 5th method controlled circuit polarizer spectrum by changing nematic liquid crystal concentration.For example, use the liquid crystal compound material of forming with respect to the CC4039L compound by the IG184 light trigger of the E31 in CC4039L and 0.6%, different potpourris is filled in 20 glass cases with rubbed polyimide coating.All samples is all at 92 ℃, 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify.As in Fig. 6, clearly illustrating that, can increase bandwidth by changing the concentration of nematic liquid crystal material (E31) in the raw material starting mixt.
Most of above-mentioned example explanation: can use commercially available polymerisable CLC and liquid crystal material manufacturing ultra broadband polarizing coating structure herein.Yet, should be appreciated that manufacturing technology of the present invention also can wherein be connected to the ring shape liquid crystal siloxane on the siloxane backbone by hydrosilylation with mesomorphic group (mesogenic group) and uses with any other liquid crystal polymer (for example acrylate etc.) with any.
Similarly, although the nematic liquid crystal material of Shi Yonging is commercially available in the above-described embodiments, also should understand: the nematic liquid crystal material that in the present invention's practice, also can use any low-molecular-weight not polymerizable.In addition, as indicated in embodiment 4, also can use polymerisable to the row material, as long as its relative diffusion speed is greater than its polymerization speed.
Employed can be the liquid crystal of simplification compound to the row material, as K15, K24 and the M15 that can buy from the EMIndustries of Germany.In practice of the present invention, also can use the plurality of liquid crystals mixtures of material, as the E31 and the E7 that can buy from the EM Industries of Germany, and the ZLI-2309 and the ZLI-5800-100 that can buy from the EM Industries of Germany.All these materials at room temperature all are nematic phases, and except the K24, it at room temperature is a smectic phase.When mixing with polymerisable CLC material and light trigger, these liquid crystal materials are produced the polarizer of the ultra wide bandwidth of 700nm at least.At last, under the low concentration liquid crystal material in polymerisable CLC material, be lower than 1/6 weight ratio, the bandwidth that obtains reduces rapidly, shows that the low concentration to the row material is 1 limiting factor.In addition, be appreciated that if the polymerization under suitable low temperature of this potpourri, the ratio to row material and CLC of high concentration so, the ratio as 2/3 causes high reflection; In addition, if under unsuitable high temperature, solidify this potpourri, cause light scattering so.
In the above-described embodiments, stipulated that concrete UV intensity is so that provide the wideband polarization device.Relevant with the UV radiation intensity of incident with regard to polymerization speed, when when row material such as E7 use with 1/2 ratio with CLC material such as CC4039L, the bandwidth of the polarizer that obtains increases with UV intensity and reduces.For example, at 0.047mW/cm 2UV intensity under, the bandwidth that obtains is 980nm.If 92 ℃ of curing, so at 0.97mW/cm 2UV intensity under, the bandwidth that obtains is 980nm, if 92 ℃, at 7.1mW/cm 2UV intensity under solidify, the bandwidth that obtains is 280nm.This clearly illustrates that: the intensity by control UV radiation can control bandwidth.
Although embodiment preferred is characterised in that the exponential distribution with CLC helix pitch,, should understand: also can allow to depart from accurate exponential distribution under the spirit of the present invention not breaking away from.Therefore, the impurity in the material, the variation of emittance and polymerization change and can cause and depart from desirable exponential function, and this exponential function is provided at the liquid crystal that crosses gained polarizer thickness direction and distributes, and it is non-linear that this polarizer only is described to.When this distribution is the index distribution, depart from the increase that as if the ideal index function do not influence the bandwidth of gained.
Can make and cover the polarized monolayer device of asking in the basis comprise visible light, infrared and ultraviolet region electromagnetic wave spectrum wider portion.From top all are described, as can be seen: use the application's technology to need not to use dyestuff or the diffusion gradient in polymerizable CLC material can obtain the polarizer of ultra broadband.
Above-mentioned change only is an illustrative.Should understand: for a person skilled in the art, other change of illustrative embodiment is easy to expect.Change that all are such and variation are all in the defined scope and spirit of the present invention by appending claims of the present invention.

Claims (96)

1. wideband polarization device comprises:
The film of at least a material with courage steroid sequence and the position of crossing nonlinearities change pitch on the described film thickness direction and
At least a nonlinear Distribution is similarly being crossed on the described film thickness direction and is being placed on the liquid crystal material at described position.
2. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, the pitch of wherein said nonlinearities change is the pitch that index changes.
3. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said material with courage steroid sequence is a kind of polymkeric substance.
4. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said material with courage steroid sequence is a kind of monomer.
5. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said material with courage steroid sequence is a kind of oligomer.
6. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is a nematic liquid crystal.
7. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is a smectic liquid crystal.
8. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is photopolymerization.
9. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is photopolymerization.
10. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, at least a in wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence and the described at least a liquid crystal material is polymerisable.
11. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, the velocity of separation of wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is greater than described at least a the have material of courage steroid sequence and any the polymerization speed in the described at least a liquid crystal material.
12. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, the velocity of separation of wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is greater than described at least a polymerization speed with material of courage steroid sequence.
13. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, the velocity of separation of wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is greater than described polymerization speed with material of courage steroid sequence.
14. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a cholesteric liquid crystal.
15. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is the ring shape liquid crystal siloxane.
16. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is the material of the polymerization by cationic polymerization.
17. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is the material of the polymerization by cationic polymerization.
18. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is a low molecular weight material.
19. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said film has the thickness of the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation that is enough to all to reflect incident.
20. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation of incident in the wherein said film reflect visible light spectrum.
21. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said film is in the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation of the infrared part reflection incident of electromagnetic spectrum.
22. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said film is in the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation of the ultraviolet portion reflection incident of electromagnetic spectrum.
23. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, at least a in wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence and the described at least a liquid crystal material is liquid.
24. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, at least a in wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence and the described at least a liquid crystal material is solid-state.
25. a method of making the wideband polarization device comprises following step:
Have courage steroid sequence and form film at least the material of constant pitch and at least a liquid crystal material from least a, cause in a plurality of pitch and give at least in greater than described at least a material with courage steroid sequence in the position of nonlinear Distribution similarly of constant pitch, described at least a liquid crystal material is a nonlinear Distribution crossing on the direction of described film thickness.
26. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a kind of polymkeric substance.
27. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a kind of monomer.
28. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a kind of oligomer.
29. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a low molecular weight material.
30. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is a nematic liquid crystal.
31. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is a smectic liquid crystal.
32. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is photopolymerization.
33. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is photopolymerization.
34. according to the method for claim 25, at least a in wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence and the described at least a liquid crystal material is polymerisable.
35. according to the method for claim 25, the velocity of separation of wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is greater than described at least a the have material of courage steroid sequence and any the polymerization speed in the described at least a liquid crystal material.
36. according to the method for claim 25, the velocity of separation of wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is greater than described at least a polymerization speed with material of courage steroid sequence.
37. according to the method for claim 25, the velocity of separation of wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is greater than its polymerization speed.
38. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a cholesteric liquid crystal.
39. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is a ring shape liquid crystal.
40. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is the material of the polymerization by cationic polymerization.
41. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is the material of the polymerization by cationic polymerization.
42. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is a low molecular weight material.
43. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said film has the thickness of the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation that is enough to all to reflect incident.
44. according to the method for claim 25, the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation of incident in the wherein said film reflect visible light spectrum.
45. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said film is in the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation of the infrared part reflection incident of electromagnetic spectrum.
46. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said film is in the circular polarization electromagnetic radiation of the ultraviolet region reflection incident of electromagnetic spectrum.
47. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a the have material of courage steroid sequence and at least a being in a liquid state in the described at least a liquid crystal material.
48. according to the method for claim 25, at least a in wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence and the described at least a liquid crystal material is solid-state.
49., wherein form step and comprise following step according to the method for claim 25:
Thereby described at least a material and described at least a liquid crystal material with courage steroid sequence mixed the formation potpourri with given weight ratio.
50. according to the method for claim 49, wherein said given weight ratio is 2: 1.
51. according to the method for claim 49, wherein said at least aly have the material of courage steroid sequence and the described given weight ratio of described at least a liquid crystal material is 1: 3-5: in 2 the scope.
52. according to the method for claim 48, it also comprises light trigger is joined step in the described potpourri.
53. according to the method for claim 48, it also comprises chiral additives is joined step in the described potpourri.
54. according to the method for claim 51, it also is included in the step that is enough to described potpourri is maintained the described potpourri of heating under the liquid temperature.
55. according to the method for claim 53, it also comprises with the described potpourri of electromagnetic radiation radiation so that with described at least a the have material of courage steroid sequence and at least a step of polymerization in the described at least a liquid crystal material.
56. according to the method for claim 54, wherein the step of the described potpourri of radiation comprises the step that photochemical radiation is applied to described potpourri.
57. a method that forms the polarized monolayer device comprises following step:
Form film from first liquid crystal material and second liquid crystal material, crossing the thickness direction of described film, the position of another nonlinear Distribution similarly in being placed on described material, one of described material has nonlinear distribution in described film.
58. a method that forms the polarized monolayer device comprises following step:
Form film from first liquid crystal material and second liquid crystal material, crossing the thickness direction of described film, the position of another nonlinear Distribution similarly in being placed on described material, one of described material has nonlinear distribution in described film.
59. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said material with courage steroid sequence is the combinations of low molecular weight liquid crystals compound of not crosslinkable.
60. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said material with courage steroid sequence is connected with the chiral radicals chemistry.
61. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said material with courage steroid sequence be mix with at least a chiral additives to the row material.
62. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, but wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is thermal polymerization.
63. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, but wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence causes thermal polymerization by photonic absorption.
64. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, but wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is thermal polymerization.
65. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, but wherein said at least a liquid crystal material causes thermal polymerization by photonic absorption.
66. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 1, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is an acrylate.
67. a wideband polarization device comprises:
The liquid crystal material film of a kind of courage steroid sequence is only arranged and at position of crossing described film thickness direction nonlinearities change and at least a chiral material.
68. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a kind of polymkeric substance.
69. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a kind of monomer.
70. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a kind of oligomer.
71. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is the liquid crystal of crosslinkable not.
72. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a nematic liquid crystal.
73. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material has the chiral radicals of at least a permanent connection.
74. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said at least a chiral material is a crosslinkable not.
75. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said at least a chiral material is polymerisable.
76. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said at least a chiral material does not have mesogenic group.
77. according to the wideband polarization device of claim 67, wherein said at least a chiral material has mesogenic group.
78. a method of making the wideband polarization device comprises following step:
From only having a kind of liquid crystal material and at least a chiral material to form film, cause described only a kind of liquid crystal material to be given in greater than described only a kind of liquid crystal material in the position of similar nonlinear Distribution of constant pitch in a plurality of pitch in the direction nonlinear Distribution of crossing described film thickness.
79. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a kind of polymkeric substance.
80. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a kind of monomer.
81. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a kind of oligomer.
82. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is the liquid crystal of crosslinkable not.
83. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material is a nematic liquid crystal.
84. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said only a kind of liquid crystal material has the chiral radicals of at least a permanent connection.
85. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said at least a chiral material is a crosslinkable not.
86. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said at least a chiral material is polymerisable.
87. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said at least a chiral material does not have mesogenic group.
88. according to the method for claim 78, wherein said at least a chiral material has mesogenic group.
89. according to the method for claim 25, but wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is thermal polymerization.
90. according to the method for claim 25, but wherein said at least aly have the material of courage steroid sequence by the photonic absorption thermal polymerization.
91. according to the method for claim 25, but wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is thermal polymerization.
92. according to the method for claim 25, but wherein said at least a liquid crystal material is by the photonic absorption thermal polymerization.
93. according to the method for claim 25, wherein said at least a material with courage steroid sequence is the acrylate liquid crystal.
94. according to the method for claim 78, wherein this formation step comprises following step:
Thereby only there are a kind of liquid crystal material and described at least a chiral material to mix the formation potpourri with given weight ratio with described.
95. a polarized monolayer device comprises:
The film of liquid crystal material and chiral material, one of described material cross the direction of described film thickness in described film, the position of another similar nonlinear Distribution has nonlinear distribution in being placed on described material.
96. a method of making the polarized monolayer device comprises following step:
Form film from liquid crystal material and chiral material, one of described material crosses the direction of described film thickness in described film, and the position of another similar nonlinear Distribution has nonlinear distribution in being placed on described material.
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