CN110657880B - Novel hydrophone based on resonant air cavity - Google Patents
Novel hydrophone based on resonant air cavity Download PDFInfo
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- CN110657880B CN110657880B CN201910885916.2A CN201910885916A CN110657880B CN 110657880 B CN110657880 B CN 110657880B CN 201910885916 A CN201910885916 A CN 201910885916A CN 110657880 B CN110657880 B CN 110657880B
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity, which comprises a sealed spherical shell (1) in a spherical shape; the interior of the spherical shell (1) is provided with a hollow air cavity (3); a microphone (2) is arranged at the spherical center of the spherical shell (1); the spherical shell (1) is placed in a water area and used for isolating external water from the air cavity (3); a microphone (2) for measuring sound projected from the external body of water. The invention discloses a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity, which utilizes the air cavity resonance inside a spherical shell, adopts a microphone to sense the sound pressure transmitted into the air cavity from a water area outside the sphere, has high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio near the resonance frequency, and has great production practice significance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hydrophones, in particular to a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity.
Background
The hydrophone can effectively convert acoustic signals into electric signals underwater, and the application of the acoustic signals is realized by processing the electric signals, so that the purpose of underwater target detection or underwater information extraction is achieved. Most hydrophones operate in the frequency band of the principle resonant frequency, have a flat frequency response, and can receive a broad-band signal or be used for standard underwater acoustic measurement. Some hydrophones for detection and communication operate at resonant frequencies to have as high a sensitivity as possible at certain frequencies and relatively low sensitivity at other frequencies to suppress interference from ambient noise.
It has been experimentally demonstrated that the hydrophone sensitivity in the non-resonant range is much lower than around the resonant frequency and is slightly frequency dependent. Researchers at home and abroad have conducted many studies to improve the sensitivity of the hydrophone by using the resonance phenomenon. Researchers have utilized hydrophones near the resonant frequency to study the nonlinear emission of gas-filled bubbles; the scholars use the piezoelectric ceramics to carry out ultrasonic imaging under the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramics, compared with other frequencies, the sensitivity of the scholars is higher, and the imaging is clearer; researchers research a PZT ring made of a magnetoelectric composite material and having two resonance frequencies, so that the sensitivity and the resolution of resonance displacement are improved; researchers develop a new 1-3 composite piezoelectric hydrophone, study the dynamic model and frequency response of the piezoelectric hydrophone, and improve the sensitivity to weak signals by utilizing resonance frequency; by using the Helmholtz resonance principle, a scholars puts the liquid cavity structure outside the cylindrical piezoelectric ceramic, can selectively improve the sensitivity near the resonance frequency of the liquid cavity structure, and is more suitable for narrow-band application; the two hemispherical shell piezoelectric ceramics are spliced into a spherical shape by a learner, ultrasonic waves are transmitted and received by utilizing the first-order resonance mode of the spherical shell piezoelectric ceramics for underwater communication, and the resonance frequency of the spherical shell piezoelectric ceramics is directly related to the thickness of the spherical shell.
The resonance type hydrophone utilizes the resonance of the piezoelectric ceramic sensitive element, and the resonance frequency of the piezoelectric ceramic sensitive element is closely related to the size and the material property of the shell. In addition, there are resonant hydrophones that utilize the resonance of a liquid cavity inside a housing, such as a Helmholtz resonator hydrophone operating at medium to low frequencies, the resonant frequency being related to the shape and size of the internal liquid cavity in which a conventional hydrophone is placed.
However, the conventional hydrophone has a complex structure and poor sensitivity, and cannot fully meet the requirements of users.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity, aiming at the technical defects in the prior art.
Therefore, the invention provides a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity, which comprises a sealed spherical shell in a spherical shape;
the interior of the spherical shell is provided with a hollow air cavity;
a microphone is arranged at the center of the spherical shell;
the spherical shell is placed in a water area and used for isolating external water from the air cavity;
a microphone for measuring sound projected from an external body of water.
Wherein, the radius R1 of the air cavity is 8mm, and the thickness T of the spherical shell is 0.8 mm.
Wherein, a ball cover mounting through hole is arranged on the ball shell in a penetrating way;
the ball cover mounting through hole is inserted with a ball cover;
the center of the ball cover is provided with a lead wire leading-out hole which is vertically penetrated;
a wire for transmitting signals and supplying power is welded on the microphone;
the lead extends out of the spherical shell through the lead leading-out hole.
Wherein the ball cover is boss-shaped, and a convex portion of the ball cover is inserted into the ball cover mounting through hole.
Wherein, the bulge part is in interference fit with the ball cover mounting through hole.
And UV glue is used for bonding and sealing the bulge part and the ball cover mounting through hole.
And UV glue is filled in a gap between the lead and the lead leading-out hole.
Compared with the prior art, the novel hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity provided by the invention utilizes the air cavity resonance inside the spherical shell, and the microphone is used for sensing the sound pressure transmitted from the water area outside the sphere to the air cavity. The hydrophone utilizes the resonance effect, and has high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio near the resonance frequency. Compared with other traditional hydrophones, the hydrophone has low cost and simple manufacture, can be used for underwater communication, underwater acoustic fuze, underwater distance measurement and the like, and has great production practice significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a resonant air cavity-based hydrophone model provided by the invention;
FIGS. 2a and 2b are diagrams of simulation models of a hydrophone section and an integral model established by performing two-dimensional axisymmetric frequency domain simulation using multiphysics finite element simulation software, respectively;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the frequency response of a hydrophone of particular size;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional axisymmetric simulated characteristic peak sound field distribution diagram (the characteristic peak frequencies of FIG. 4a, FIG. 4b, and FIG. 4c are 14200Hz, 22800Hz, and 30800Hz, respectively);
FIG. 5 is an air cavity simulated characteristic frequency mode (the air cavity resonance frequencies of FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c are 14163Hz, 22810Hz, and 31176Hz, respectively);
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of characteristic frequencies under different spherical shell thicknesses;
FIG. 7 is a graph of characteristic frequency versus air cavity radius;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an experimental setup for frequency response testing;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a frequency response curve measured experimentally for a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity provided by the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a partial schematic diagram of the experimentally measured frequency response of a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity provided by the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of the signal-to-noise ratio curve of a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity (i.e., a homemade hydrophone) provided by the invention.
In the figure: 1: a spherical shell; 2: a microphone; 3: an air chamber; 4: a ball cover; 40: a convex portion; 5: and a lead wire outlet hole.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity, comprising a sealed, spheroid-shaped spherical shell 1;
the interior of the spherical shell 1 is provided with a hollow air cavity 3;
a microphone 2 is arranged at the center of the spherical shell 1;
the spherical shell 1 is placed in a water area and used for isolating external water from the air cavity 3;
a microphone 2 for measuring sound projected from the outside water area.
It should be noted that, for the present invention, the hydrophone structure is designed to be a sphere with a hollow interior, the spherical shell can be used for insulating water and providing an air cavity, and a microphone is placed in the spherical shell 1 to measure the sound projected from the external water. The whole hydrophone model is shown in FIG. 1, with the rectangle at the center of the sphere representing the microphone, the hollow part of the sphere (i.e., the air cavity 3) having a radius of R1, and the spherical shell having a thickness of T.
In the concrete implementation, two-dimensional axisymmetric frequency domain simulation is carried out by using multi-physical-field finite element simulation software, and the built integral model is shown as figure 2a, wherein the model built by the hydrophone part is shown as figure 2b, and figure 2b shows that the water area is surrounded on the outer side of the spherical shell 1. The inside of the box in fig. 2a represents the water area, and the perfect matching layer means that the acoustic impedances on both sides are the same, where the sound is not reflected. Plane waves are incident from one side of the hydrophone and frequency swept in the acousto-solid coupled physical field from 1kHz to 40kHz with 200Hz steps to study the acoustic field distribution and frequency response at various points inside the air cavity. Now, a point in the air cavity close to the microphone is selected to draw a frequency response curve, wherein fig. 3 is a frequency response curve obtained by simulating the hydrophone when R1 is 8mm and T is 0.8 mm. It can be seen from fig. 3 that the hydrophones show characteristic peaks at 14200Hz, 22800Hz, 30800 Hz.
It should be noted that for a hydrophone, resonance may occur in two parts: the resonance of the spherical shell and the resonance of the air cavity inside the spherical shell. Therefore, in order to reasonably design the working frequency and the structural size of the hydrophone, whether the resonance frequency of the hydrophone comes from the spherical shell or the air cavity in the sphere is determined through finite element simulation. The characteristic frequency of a spherical shell with the thickness of 0.8mm in a solid mechanical physical field is simulated, and the characteristic frequency of an air cavity with the inner radius R1 of 8mm in a pressure acoustic physical field is simulated by using a model shown in figure 1. The characteristic frequency obtained by the two simulations is compared with the characteristic peak of the frequency response curve, as shown in table 1. See table 1 below.
Table 1: characteristic frequency vs (unit: Hz).
| Characteristic peak of frequency response | Characteristic frequency of spherical shell | Resonant frequency of air cavity |
| 14200 | 17909 | 14163 |
| 22800 | 22057 | 22810 |
| 30800 | 35357 | 31176 |
As can be seen from table 1, the frequency response characteristic peak is very close to the air cavity characteristic frequency, with a large deviation from the spherical shell characteristic frequency. The sound field distribution corresponding to the above-mentioned several frequency response characteristic peaks is shown in fig. 4, and the sound field distribution corresponding to the air cavity characteristic frequency close to the characteristic peak frequency is shown in fig. 5. By comparison, the distribution of the two is almost identical. Therefore, the resonance frequency of the hydrophone is only related to the air cavity and has no relation to the spherical shell vibration.
To further verify that the hydrophone resonant frequency is independent of the spherical shell, the thickness of the spherical shell was varied without changing the hydrophone air cavity radius, resulting in a frequency response curve for the air cavity within the sphere at different spherical shell thicknesses, as shown in FIG. 6. In fig. 6, the abscissa represents frequency and the ordinate represents sound pressure. When the thickness of the spherical shell is changed, the resonance frequency of the spherical shell is necessarily changed due to the change of the rigidity, but the resonance frequency of the air cavity in the sphere is not changed. Thus, the frequency of operation of the hydrophone is related only to the size of the air cavity within the sphere, further confirming the above conclusion.
After the conclusion that the resonance frequency of the hydrophone only relates to the air cavity is obtained, the relation between the air cavity inside the sphere and the first-order resonance frequency of the hydrophone is explored by changing the radius R1 of the air cavity by using a simulated parametric scanning function, and the result is shown in FIG. 7. Finite element simulation shows that: as the radius R1 of the air cavity inside the spherical shell becomes larger, the first order resonant frequency of the sphere-shaped hydrophone of the present invention decreases significantly, reciprocal to each other.
Through a series of simulation and actual tests, it can be known that when an air cavity with the R1 being 8mm and the T being 0.8mm receives sound about 30kHz, the sound pressure field at the central position is strong, the received signal is good, and the receiving of the sound signal is facilitated. When R1 and T are much different from the above values, the effect of receiving signals is reduced more remarkably.
In the present invention, the radius R1 of the air cavity 3 is preferably 8mm, and the thickness T of the spherical shell 1 is preferably 0.8 mm.
For the invention, in the concrete implementation, a spherical cover mounting through hole is arranged on the spherical shell 1 in a penetrating way;
the ball cover 4 is inserted in the ball cover mounting through hole;
the center of the ball cover 4 is provided with a lead wire leading-out hole 5 which is vertically penetrated;
a wire for transmitting signals and supplying power is welded on the microphone 2 (specifically, a microphone chip);
the lead wire extends out of the spherical shell 1 through the lead wire leading-out hole 5.
In a concrete implementation, the ball cover 4 is boss-shaped, and the ball cover 4 has a protruding portion 40 inserted into the ball cover mounting through hole.
In the specific implementation, the protruding portion 40 is in interference fit with the ball cover mounting through hole, so that a good sealing effect is guaranteed.
In the specific implementation, the protruding portion 40 and the ball cover mounting through hole are bonded and sealed by using UV glue (shadowless glue, also called photosensitive glue or ultraviolet light curing glue).
In the concrete implementation, the gap between the lead and the lead leading-out hole 5 is filled with UV glue (shadowless glue, also called photosensitive glue or ultraviolet curing glue), and is bonded and sealed by the UV glue.
It should be noted that the hydrophone used in the design of the present invention is a miniature hydrophone, and a microphone (specifically, a microphone chip circuit) is encapsulated in a hollow spherical shell, and a cross-sectional view is shown in fig. 8. The hollow spherical shell and the spherical cover are processed in a 3D printing mode, the printing method is convenient and fast, the cost is low, the printing material is photosensitive resin, and the sound transmission performance is good.
Wherein, the spherical shell 1 is a hollow sphere with a hole (namely a spherical cover mounting through hole) on the surface, the radius of the spherical shell is R1, the thickness is T, and the specific values are determined by the above conclusion; the size of the ball cover mounting through hole has no special requirement, and the ball cover can be fixed on the ball shell.
The ball cover 4 is in a boss shape, the surface of the ball cover is provided with a small through hole (namely a lead leading-out hole 5) for leading out a lead so as to supply power and transmit signals, and the diameter of the hole has no special requirement so as to ensure that the lead just passes through.
Wherein the convex portion 40 of the ball cover 4 can be inserted into a hole (i.e., a ball cover mounting through hole) in the surface of the spherical shell, and the height of the convex portion is the same as the thickness of the spherical shell to seal the entire sphere.
It should be further noted that the microphone 2 is specifically a microphone chip, and is located at the central position in the spherical shell 1, a long wire is soldered on the microphone chip, and a signal pin extends out from the hole of the spherical cover through the long wire. The long lead is fixed on the ball cover by using insulating and waterproof UV glue, and the ball cover and the ball shell are bonded by using UV glue (shadowless glue, also called photosensitive glue or ultraviolet curing glue) so as to achieve the purposes of fixing the microphone and preventing water.
For the present invention, it can be found that the sound field in the sphere is not uniform during simulation, so when manufacturing the small sphere, the microphone should be accurately fixed at the center of the spherical shell 1.
For the present invention, it should be noted that, for the microphone 2, a lead is welded thereon, and the end of the lead passes through the spherical cap and is fixed on the spherical cap, because the lead between the microphone and the spherical cap is short and has high rigidity, the microphone can be fixed at the spherical center position of the spherical shell 1.
In specific implementation, the type of the microphone chip used in the design of the invention has no specific requirement, the receivable frequency range is only required to cover the resonance frequency of the designed hydrophone, the power supply is not required, and the size of the microphone chip is required to be smaller than the radius of the resonant cavity, for example, the microphone chip can be the microphone chip with the type ADMP401-1ACEZ-RL7 or WM7120 AIMS/RV.
Compared with the prior art, the novel hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measured frequency response curve of the novel hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity conforms to a theoretical value. As shown in figure 9, the testing device is characterized in that a hydrophone is placed in water in a water tank, an NI acquisition card (data acquisition card) and a power supply board in figure 9 are connected with a lead in the hydrophone, and a power amplifier is used for amplifying an excitation signal of 5kHz to 40kHz generated by an upper computer and then transmitting the signal into the water through a transducer.
The hydrophone is placed in the center of the water tank, is powered by the power supply board and is used for receiving signals sent by the transducer, collecting the signals through the NI collecting card and transmitting the signals into the computer for software processing, and a frequency response curve is obtained. Because the frequency response of the transducer used for sound source transmission and the microphone used for receiving signals in the sphere is not flat, normalization processing is needed, and the actual frequency response curve is obtained after the influence of the transducer and the microphone on the frequency response of the hydrophone is eliminated. FIG. 10 shows the measured hydrophone frequency response divided by the product of the microphone and transducer frequency response curves, with characteristic peaks of 14300Hz, 22600Hz and 30800Hz, which are very close to the simulation results in Table 1.
2. The sensitivity of the novel hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity is about 30 times that of a standard hydrophone, and the sensitivity is higher when the signal is smaller, so that the novel hydrophone is beneficial to measurement of a tiny signal. The frequency of the maximum time of receiving signals of the hydrophones is selected in the experiment, the frequency is 30.8kHz, the standard hydrophone and the designed hydrophone are put together, sensitivity tests of different sound pressures are carried out, and the sensitivity of the hydrophone in the resonant cavity is calculated by taking the standard hydrophone as a reference. The sensitivity of a standard hydrophone TC4013 at a pre-amplification factor of 30dB was 0.84mV/Pa (obtained from its data sheet). The sensitivity of the resonance cavity hydrophone is between 8.03mV/Pa and 8.62mV/Pa under different sound source excitation voltages (10-400Vpp) in a laboratory, and is relatively stable.
3. The difference between the signal-to-noise ratio of the novel hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity and the signal-to-noise ratio of a standard hydrophone is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity is higher. In the experiment, a standard hydrophone and a resonance cavity hydrophone are put together to simultaneously receive signals so as to compare the signal-to-noise ratios of the two. The signal-to-noise ratio curves for both are shown in fig. 12, where the solid line is the signal-to-noise ratio curve for the homemade hydrophone (i.e., the novel resonant air cavity-based hydrophone of the present invention), and the dotted line is the signal-to-noise ratio curve for the standard hydrophone. It can be seen that as the excitation voltage of the transducer becomes larger, the transmitted signal becomes larger and the signal-to-noise ratio improves; the signal-to-noise ratio of the homemade hydrophone and the standard hydrophone is relatively small when the signal is small. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of the resonant cavity hydrophone is 5dB higher than that of the standard hydrophone, and the signal-to-noise ratio is higher.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the novel hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity provided by the invention utilizes the air cavity resonance inside the spherical shell, and adopts the microphone to sense the sound pressure transmitted from the water outside the sphere to the air cavity. The hydrophone utilizes the resonance effect, and has high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio near the resonance frequency. Compared with other traditional hydrophones, the hydrophone has low cost and simple manufacture, can be used for underwater communication, underwater acoustic fuze, underwater distance measurement and the like, and has great production practice significance.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity, characterized by comprising a sealed, spheroid-shaped spherical shell (1);
the interior of the spherical shell (1) is provided with a hollow air cavity (3);
a microphone (2) is arranged at the spherical center of the spherical shell (1);
the spherical shell (1) is placed in a water area and used for isolating external water from the air cavity (3);
a microphone (2) for measuring sound projected from the outside water area and sensing sound pressure transmitted from the outside water area into the air chamber (3);
wherein the radius of the air cavity (3) and the first-order resonance frequency of the hydrophone are reciprocal;
the resonance frequency of the hydrophone is irrelevant to the spherical shell;
the air chamber 3 is a spherical chamber with an operating frequency of 30kHz and a radius of 8 mm.
2. The resonant air cavity-based hydrophone according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the radius R1 of the air cavity (3) is 8mm and the thickness T of the spherical shell (1) is 0.8 mm.
3. The hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity of claim 1 or 2, wherein the spherical shell (1) is provided with a spherical cover mounting through hole;
a ball cover (4) is inserted in the ball cover mounting through hole;
the center of the ball cover (4) is provided with a lead wire leading-out hole (5) which is vertically penetrated;
a wire for transmitting signals and supplying power is welded on the microphone (2);
the lead extends out of the spherical shell (1) through the lead leading-out hole (5).
4. The hydrophone based on the resonant air cavity of claim 3, wherein the spherical cap (4) is boss-shaped, and the spherical cap (4) has a protruding portion (40) inserted into the spherical cap mounting through hole.
5. A novel hydrophone based on a resonant air cavity as claimed in claim 3 where the raised portions (40) are an interference fit with the ball cap mounting through holes.
6. The resonant air cavity-based hydrophone of claim 3 wherein the raised portions (40) are adhesively sealed to the ball cap mounting through holes using UV glue.
7. The resonant air cavity-based hydrophone according to claim 3, wherein the gap between the leads and the lead exit holes (5) is filled with UV glue.
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| CN111551243B (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2023-05-23 | 天津大学 | Working frequency expansion method of resonant cavity hydrophone |
| CN113314091A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-27 | 杨军 | Super-hydrophobic acoustic transmission super-surface structure and manufacturing method and application thereof |
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