CN110657414A - Direct-flow steam generator - Google Patents
Direct-flow steam generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110657414A CN110657414A CN201911082440.5A CN201911082440A CN110657414A CN 110657414 A CN110657414 A CN 110657414A CN 201911082440 A CN201911082440 A CN 201911082440A CN 110657414 A CN110657414 A CN 110657414A
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- shell
- steam
- lower portion
- steam generator
- water
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
Abstract
A direct current steam generator relates to the field of steam generators. The problems that the traditional drum boiler is long in starting time and poor in heat efficiency, operation cost is high, water capacity of the traditional boiler is large, possibility of steam explosion exists sometimes, and reliability is low are solved. The lower portion of the shell is cylindrical, a burner is arranged at one end of the lower portion of the shell and is communicated with the lower portion of the shell, n high-temperature zone radiation heating tubes are arranged inside the lower portion of the shell, n is a positive integer and is arranged in parallel, m water cooling walls are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the lower portion of the shell in the circumferential direction, m is a positive integer, an upper portion of the shell is arranged at the other end of the lower portion of the shell along the circumferential outer surface and is communicated with the lower portion of the shell, and the low-temperature zone convection heating unit is vertically arranged inside the upper portion of the. The invention is suitable for the fields of chemical industry, cast iron, mobile heat supply, pharmacy and disinfection, and can also be applied to steam injection boilers for steam injection exploitation in oil fields and power station starting furnaces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of steam generators, in particular to a once-through steam generator.
Background
Boilers have been widely used in various industrial fields as conventional general-purpose equipment for over one hundred years. The starting loss range of the traditional drum boiler is generally 2-20% of the daily fuel cost, and the loss is accumulated greatly after long-time operation along with the starting times, the size of the boiler and a steam system. Meanwhile, the drum boiler of the natural circulation type has large metal consumption and lags behind the regulation response, and the defects seriously restrict the development and application of the drum boiler in the future.
In summary, the conventional drum boiler has a long start-up time and a poor thermal efficiency, resulting in a high operation cost, and the conventional boiler has a large water capacity, and sometimes has a possibility of steam explosion and a low reliability problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a once-through steam generator for solving the problems that the traditional drum boiler has longer starting time and poorer heat efficiency, so that the operation cost is higher, the water capacity of the traditional boiler is larger, the possibility of steam explosion sometimes exists, and the reliability is lower.
The invention relates to a direct-current steam generator which comprises a high-temperature zone radiation heating tube, a burner, a water-cooled wall, a shell lower part, a low-temperature zone convection heating unit and a shell upper part, wherein the high-temperature zone radiation heating tube is arranged on the shell upper part;
the lower part of the shell is cylindrical, one end of the lower part of the shell is provided with a burner, the burner is communicated with the lower part of the shell, n high-temperature zone radiation heated tubes are arranged in the lower part of the shell, n is a positive integer and are arranged in parallel, m water-cooled walls are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the lower part of the shell along the circumferential direction, m is a positive integer, the other end of the lower part of the shell is provided with an upper part of the shell along the circumferential outer surface, the upper part of the shell is communicated with the lower part of the shell, and the low-temperature zone convection heating unit;
furthermore, a smoke outlet is formed in the top end of the lower part of the shell;
further, the smoke outlet is a conical outlet;
further, the low-temperature zone convection heating unit comprises an economizer, an evaporator and a superheater, and the economizer, the evaporator and the superheater are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
furthermore, the number n of the radiation heated tubes in the high-temperature area is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 200;
furthermore, the number m of the water-cooled walls is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5;
further, when the gas-fired boiler is used, fuel is placed into the combustor, air flows into the combustor, micro-positive pressure combustion is carried out in a hearth (a radiation section), smoke horizontally flows through the hearth and upwards enters a convection section from the rear part of the hearth, finally the smoke is discharged into a chimney after heat exchange through the convection section, the flow direction of water is opposite to the flow direction of the smoke, so that countercurrent heat exchange is formed between the smoke and high-temperature smoke generated by the combustor, the flow direction of the smoke is parallel to a radiation heating pipe of a high-temperature area, sufficient exchange can be carried out, after the smoke flows through the radiation heating pipe of the high-temperature area, the smoke passes through a convection heating unit of a low-temperature area, the flow direction of the smoke is perpendicular to the convection heating unit of the low-temperature area, the smoke heats media (steam and water) flowing in the heating surface pipe, and the temperature of the smoke is gradually reduced due;
the feed water is pressurized by an external pump and then enters the economizer to be heated, the economizer enters the hearth of the radiation section after coming out to absorb heat and then is changed into a steam-water mixture, the steam-water mixture is separated by the steam-water separator, the steam enters the superheater to be heated and then is changed into superheated steam, the steam-water separator separates saturated water to heat the boiler for supplementing water, the water supplementing temperature is increased, and the superheater is not arranged when the saturated steam is generated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and the device recovers and converts chemical energy of combustion into heat energy for industrial production, thereby improving the thermal efficiency.
The invention adopts the high-temperature area radiation heated tube and the low-temperature area convection heated unit, the smoke gas flows through the high-temperature area radiation heated tube and the low-temperature area convection heated unit, the smoke gas heats the medium (steam and water) flowing in the heated surface tube, and the smoke gas and the medium in the heated surface tube exchange heat continuously, so that the temperature of the smoke gas is gradually reduced, the water capacity is less, the phenomenon of steam explosion is avoided, the safety is improved, and the reliability is higher.
Thirdly, the invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, has short time for starting the steam generator for the first time, reduces the operation cost and improves the economic benefit.
The invention has small volume, space saving and convenient maintenance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a once-through steam generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a once-through steam generator according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a flow of flue gas in a once-through steam generator according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view illustrating a flow of steam water in a once-through steam generator according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The first embodiment is as follows: referring to fig. 1 to 4, a once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment is described, and includes a high-temperature zone radiant heat receiving tube 1, a burner 2, a water wall 3, a lower shell portion 4, a low-temperature zone convective heat receiving unit 5, and an upper shell portion 6;
the lower shell part 4 is cylindrical, one end of the lower shell part 4 is provided with a burner 2, the burner is communicated with the lower shell part 4, n high-temperature zone radiation heated tubes 1 are arranged inside the lower shell part 4, n is a positive integer and are arranged in parallel, m water-cooled walls 3 are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the lower shell part 4 along the circumferential direction, m is a positive integer, the other end of the lower shell part 4 is provided with an upper shell part 6 along the circumferential outer surface, the upper shell part 6 is communicated with the lower shell part 4, and a low-temperature zone convection heating unit 5 is vertically arranged inside the upper shell part 6;
in use, the present embodiment places fuel into the burner 2, and flows air into the burner 2, the micro-positive pressure combustion is carried out in the hearth (radiation section), the flue gas horizontally flows through the hearth, enters the convection section from the rear part of the hearth upwards, finally the flue gas is discharged into a chimney after heat exchange through the convection section, the water flowing direction is opposite to the flue gas flowing direction, thereby forming countercurrent heat exchange with high-temperature flue gas generated by the burner, the flow direction of the flue gas is parallel to the radiation heated tube 1 in the high-temperature area, can be exchanged fully, after the flue gas flows through the radiation heated tube 1 of the high temperature area and passes through the convection heated unit 5 of the low temperature area, and the flow direction of the flue gas is vertical to the convection heating unit 5 in the low-temperature area, the flue gas heats the medium (steam and water) flowing in the heating surface pipe, the temperature of the flue gas is gradually reduced due to the continuous heat exchange between the flue gas and the medium in the heating surface pipe.
The second embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 2, which is a further limitation of the generator according to the first embodiment, and in the once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment, a smoke discharge port 7 is provided at the top end of the lower housing portion 4.
The third concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the generator according to the second embodiment, in the once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment, the exhaust port 7 is a conical port;
in the specific embodiment, the smoke outlet 7 is a conical opening, so that the smoke is concentrated and discharged at one position.
The fourth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 3, and is a further limitation of the generator according to the first embodiment, and in the once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment, the low-temperature-region convection heat receiving unit 5 includes an economizer 5-1, an evaporator 5-2, and a superheater 5-3, and the economizer 5-1, the evaporator 5-2, and the superheater 5-3 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
in the specific embodiment, the high-temperature area radiation heated tube 1 and the low-temperature area convection heated unit 5 are adopted, the smoke flows through the high-temperature area radiation heated tube 1 and the low-temperature area convection heated unit 5, the smoke heats the medium (steam and water) flowing in the heated surface tube, and the smoke gradually reduces the temperature due to the continuous heat exchange between the smoke and the medium in the heated surface tube, so that the water capacity is reduced, the phenomenon of steam explosion is avoided, the safety is improved, and the reliability is higher;
the method comprises the steps that feed water is pressurized by an external pump and then enters an economizer 5-1 to be heated, the economizer 5-1 is discharged and then enters a radiation section hearth to absorb heat to be changed into a steam-water mixture, the steam-water mixture is separated by a steam-water separator, steam enters a superheater 5-3 to be heated to be changed into superheated steam, saturated water is separated by the steam-water separator to heat boiler supplement water, the supplement water temperature is increased, and the superheater 5-3 is not arranged when saturated steam is generated.
The fifth concrete implementation mode: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the generator according to the first embodiment, and in the once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment, the number n of the radiant heated tubes 1 in the high temperature zone is 10 ≦ n ≦ 200;
in the specific embodiment, the number n of the radiant heating tubes 1 in the high-temperature area is not less than 10 and not more than 200, so that the flue gas output by the combustor 2 can be heated at high temperature and can exchange heat with the medium in the radiant heating tubes 1 in the high-temperature area.
The sixth specific implementation mode: the present embodiment will be described with reference to fig. 2 and 3, and the present embodiment is a further limitation of the generator according to the first embodiment, and in the once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment, the number m of the water walls 3 is 1 ≦ m ≦ 5.
The seventh embodiment: the present embodiment is described with reference to fig. 2 and fig. 3, and is a further limitation to the generator according to the first embodiment, and in the once-through steam generator according to the present embodiment, the low-temperature zone convection heat receiving unit 5 is a finned tube.
Principle of operation
When the device is used, fuel is put into the combustor 2, air flows into the combustor 2, micro-positive pressure combustion is carried out in a hearth (a radiation section), smoke horizontally flows through the hearth and upwards enters a convection section from the rear part of the hearth, finally the smoke is discharged into a chimney after heat exchange through the convection section, the flow direction of water is opposite to the flow direction of the smoke, so that countercurrent heat exchange is formed between the smoke and high-temperature smoke generated by the combustor, the flow direction of the smoke is parallel to the radiation heated tube 1 in a high-temperature area, sufficient exchange can be carried out, after the smoke flows through the radiation heated tube 1 in the high-temperature area, the smoke passes through the convection heated unit 5 in the low-temperature area, the flow direction of the smoke is vertical to the convection heated unit 5 in the low-temperature area, the smoke heats media (steam and water) flowing in the heated tube, and the temperature of the smoke is gradually reduced due to the;
the method comprises the steps that feed water is pressurized by an external pump and then enters an economizer 5-1 to be heated, the economizer 5-1 is discharged and then enters a radiation section hearth to absorb heat to be changed into a steam-water mixture, the steam-water mixture is separated by a steam-water separator, steam enters a superheater 5-3 to be heated to be changed into superheated steam, saturated water is separated by the steam-water separator to heat boiler supplement water, the supplement water temperature is increased, and the superheater 5-3 is not arranged when saturated steam is generated.
Claims (6)
1. A once-through steam generator, comprising: the device comprises a high-temperature zone radiation heating tube (1), a burner (2), a water-cooled wall (3), a shell lower part (4), a low-temperature zone convection heating unit (5) and a shell upper part (6);
the shell lower part (4) is cylindrical, a combustor (2) is arranged at one end of the shell lower part (4) and is communicated with the shell lower part (4), n high-temperature zone radiation heating tubes (1) are arranged inside the shell lower part (4), n is a positive integer and is arranged in parallel, m water cooling walls (3) are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the shell lower part (4) along the circumferential direction, m is a positive integer, a shell upper part (6) is arranged at the other end of the shell lower part (4) along the circumferential outer surface and is communicated with the shell lower part (4), and a low-temperature zone convection heating unit (5) is vertically arranged inside the shell upper part (6).
2. A once-through steam generator according to claim 1, wherein: the top end of the lower part (4) of the shell is provided with a smoke outlet (7).
3. A once-through steam generator according to claim 2, wherein: the smoke outlet (7) is a conical outlet.
4. A once-through steam generator according to claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature-region convection heating unit (5) comprises an economizer (5-1), an evaporator (5-2) and a superheater (5-3), and the economizer (5-1), the evaporator (5-2) and the superheater (5-3) are sequentially arranged from top to bottom.
5. A once-through steam generator according to claim 1, wherein: the number n of the high-temperature zone radiation heated tubes (1) is more than or equal to 10 and less than or equal to 200.
6. A once-through steam generator according to claim 1, wherein: the number m of the water-cooled walls (3) is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911082440.5A CN110657414A (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Direct-flow steam generator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911082440.5A CN110657414A (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Direct-flow steam generator |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN110657414A true CN110657414A (en) | 2020-01-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201911082440.5A Pending CN110657414A (en) | 2019-11-07 | 2019-11-07 | Direct-flow steam generator |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111197475A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-26 | 郭晓萌 | Direct-flow steam injection boiler and steam injection method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil |
| WO2023024627A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Gas-fired steam-injection boiler for oilfield |
-
2019
- 2019-11-07 CN CN201911082440.5A patent/CN110657414A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111197475A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-26 | 郭晓萌 | Direct-flow steam injection boiler and steam injection method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil |
| CN111197475B (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2022-07-08 | 郭晓萌 | Direct-flow steam injection boiler and steam injection method for improving recovery ratio of thickened oil |
| WO2023024627A1 (en) * | 2021-08-26 | 2023-03-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Gas-fired steam-injection boiler for oilfield |
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