CN110657188A

CN110657188A - One-way damper

Info

Publication number: CN110657188A
Application number: CN201910968387.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨华
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2018-06-06
Filing date: 2018-06-06
Publication date: 2020-01-07
Also published as: CN108644291B; CN108644291A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of dampers, and particularly relates to a one-way damper which comprises a top disc, a piston rod, a damper spring, a damping cylinder, a bottom disc, a piston mechanism and a piston sliding cavity, wherein the fixed ring sleeve, the telescopic cylinder spring and the telescopic cylinder are designed to solve the influence of the piston rod on the volume of the piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder when the piston rod slides in the damping cylinder; the piston rod spring is through discerning different overdraft for the volume that the layering extrusion regulating block entered into thin square pipe is different, and the regulating block enters into the different circulation speed that makes the thin square pipe in the hydraulic oil allow of the difference of thin square pipe volume. Finally, compared with the traditional one-way damper, the one-way damper of the invention can realize the following effects: the faster the one-way damper is compressed, the greater the damping force of the one-way damper, and the slower the one-way damper recovers.

Description

One-way damper

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of dampers, and particularly relates to a one-way damper.

Background

For conventional dampers, they are generally implemented as follows: the damping device can quickly damp after being impacted, and has the effect similar to damping or decelerating. In a general damper, the damping force is set, and it is not easy to change it by automatic setting. The damper with the set damping force has certain limitation when being used in a mechanical system facing complex working conditions, and the proper damping force cannot be adjusted according to the complex working conditions.

Such as: in public places with high pedestrian flow, when a person pushing the door pushes the door with great force, the person often leaves or enters the door urgently, and the pedestrian flow is possibly great at the moment, in this case, the slower the reset speed of the sliding door is, the better the protection effect on the sliding door is, and the protection effect on the person behind the person pushing the door is also achieved; when the door is pushed open with a slow force, there is often little flow of people, and it is desirable that the door be closed quickly in this situation. However, in the conventional door with an automatic reset function, after the door is pushed open with different force, the door is reset at a slow speed, and the reset speed is irrelevant to the force for pushing the door.

In order to solve the problem that the damping force cannot be automatically changed in the conventional damper, a damper capable of adjusting the damping force needs to be designed.

The invention designs a one-way damper to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention discloses a one-way damper which is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.

A one-way damper, characterized in that: the damping device comprises a top disc, a piston rod, a damper spring, a damping cylinder, a bottom disc, a piston mechanism and a piston sliding cavity, wherein the damping cylinder is arranged on the bottom disc; the damping cylinder is provided with a piston sliding cavity; one end of the piston rod is provided with a top disc, and the other end of the piston rod is provided with a piston mechanism; the piston rod penetrates through the damping cylinder; the piston mechanism is positioned in the piston sliding cavity and slides in the piston sliding cavity; the damper spring is nested on the damping cylinder, one end of the damper spring is installed on the top disk, and the other end of the damper spring is installed on the bottom disk.

The piston mechanism comprises a trigger rod, a telescopic cylinder, a coarse telescopic square tube, a coarse square tube, a fixed ring sleeve, a driving gear, a change gear, a supporting square ring sleeve, a sliding plate, a connecting plate, a blocking plate, a fixed guide cylinder, a piston cylinder, a fine telescopic square tube, a fine square tube, a pressing bar, a triangular block, a regulating block, a damping square ring sleeve, a first fixing plate, a piston rod spring, a second fixing plate, a friction wheel, a telescopic cylinder spring, a third fixing plate, an annular chute, a second guide block, a second spring, a triangular bar, a first guide block, a first spring, a trigger rod sliding hole, a guide groove, a rack, a guide rail, a friction wheel hole, a connecting plate sliding square hole, a pressing bar sliding square hole, a connecting rod, a damping ring sleeve square hole and a rotating shaft, wherein the piston cylinder is slidably mounted in a piston sliding cavity; a fixed guide cylinder is arranged in the middle of the cylinder bottom surface of the piston cylinder; a batten sliding square hole is formed in the outer circular surface of the fixed guide cylinder; the fixed ring sleeve is arranged on the inner cylinder surface of the piston cylinder and is positioned on the upper side in the piston cylinder; an annular chute is arranged in the fixed ring sleeve; the telescopic cylinder is arranged in the annular chute; one ends of the six telescopic cylinder springs are mounted on the telescopic cylinder, and the other ends of the six telescopic cylinder springs are mounted on the bottom groove surface of the annular sliding groove; the six telescopic cylinder springs are uniformly distributed on the telescopic cylinder along the circumferential direction; the telescopic cylinder slides in the annular chute through a telescopic cylinder spring; the thick square tube and the thin square tube are respectively arranged on the bottom of the piston cylinder and are communicated with the piston sliding cavity; the thick square tube and the thin square tube are positioned at two sides of the fixed guide cylinder; one end of the thick telescopic square tube is arranged at one end of the thick square tube far away from the bottom of the piston cylinder, and the other end of the thick telescopic square tube is arranged on the top cylinder surface in the telescopic cylinder; one end of the coarse telescopic square tube is communicated with the coarse square tube, and the other end of the coarse telescopic square tube is communicated with the piston sliding cavity; one end of the thin telescopic square tube is arranged at one end of the thin square tube far away from the bottom of the piston cylinder, and the other end of the thin telescopic square tube is arranged on the top cylinder surface in the telescopic cylinder; one end of the thin telescopic square tube is communicated with the thin square tube, and the other end of the thin telescopic square tube is communicated with the piston sliding cavity.

One end of the piston rod, which is not connected with the top disc, penetrates through the telescopic cylinder and is arranged in the fixed guide cylinder; one end of the piston rod spring is arranged on the piston rod, and the other end of the piston rod spring is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the fixed guide cylinder; the piston rod spring is positioned in the fixed guide cylinder, and the piston rod slides in the fixed guide cylinder through the piston rod spring; one end of the pressing bar is arranged on the outer circular surface of one end of the piston rod close to the piston rod spring, and the other end of the pressing bar penetrates through a sliding square hole of the pressing bar of the fixed guide cylinder; the pressing bar slides in the sliding square hole of the pressing bar through the piston rod.

The side surface of the thin square tube is provided with a damping ring sleeve square hole; the position of the square hole of the damping ring sleeve is opposite to the position of the sliding square hole of the pressing strip; the damping square ring sleeve is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder through a first fixing plate; one end of the damping square ring sleeve is arranged in the damping ring sleeve square hole; the adjusting block is arranged in the damping square ring sleeve and slides in the damping square ring sleeve; one end of the adjusting block extending out of the damping square ring sleeve is provided with an inclined surface; a triangular bar is arranged on the side surface of one end of the adjusting block with the inclined surface; the pressing strip is matched with the inclined plane on the adjusting block.

The third fixing plate is arranged on the inner circular surface of the fixing ring sleeve; one end of the third fixing plate, which is not connected with the fixing ring sleeve, is provided with a through trigger rod sliding hole; two guide grooves are symmetrically formed in two sides of the trigger rod sliding hole; one end of the trigger rod penetrates through the telescopic cylinder, and the other end of the trigger rod penetrates through the trigger rod sliding hole and is provided with a triangular block; two second guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on the two side faces, close to the triangular block, of the trigger rod; the two second guide blocks are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves; one ends of the two second springs are respectively arranged on the two second guide blocks, and the other ends of the two second springs are respectively arranged on the groove surfaces of the two guide grooves; the two second springs are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves; the second guide blocks slide in the corresponding guide grooves through the corresponding second springs; the triangle blocks are matched with the triangle strips.

One end of the second fixing plate is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder, and the other end of the second fixing plate is provided with a guide rail; a sliding square hole of the connecting plate is formed in the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder; the supporting square ring sleeve is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder through a fourth fixing plate; the inner cylinder surface of the piston cylinder is provided with a friction wheel hole; the first guide block is slidably arranged in the guide rail; one end of the first spring is arranged on the first guide block, and the other end of the first spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the guide rail; the first spring is positioned in the guide rail; the rotating shaft is arranged in a circular hole of the first guide block through a bearing, and two ends of the rotating shaft penetrate through the first guide block; one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a friction wheel, and the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a driving gear; the friction wheel penetrates through a friction wheel hole in the piston cylinder and is in contact fit with the inner cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity; the change gear is arranged on the second fixing plate through a shaft; the change gear is meshed with the driving gear; one end of the connecting block is provided with a blocking plate, and the other end of the connecting block passes through the sliding square hole of the connecting plate and is provided with a sliding plate; the blocking plate is tightly attached to the bottom surface outside the piston cylinder and is positioned between the thick square tube and the thin square tube; the blocking plate is respectively matched with the pipe orifice of the thick square pipe and the pipe orifice of the thin square pipe; the connecting plate slides in the connecting plate sliding square hole; one end of the sliding plate, which is not connected with the connecting plate, penetrates through the supporting square ring sleeve; the rack is arranged on one end of the sliding plate far away from the connecting plate through a connecting rod; the rack is meshed with the change gear.

As a further improvement of this technique, if the inner wall surface of the damping square ring is coated with a high viscosity liquid, it will be difficult to slide when the adjusting block slides in the damping square ring. When the pressing bar extrudes the adjusting block, the adjusting block can overcome resistance and slide in the damping square ring sleeve; when the triangular block extrudes the triangular strip, the triangular strip can enable the adjusting block to overcome resistance to slide in the damping square ring sleeve; when hydraulic oil flows in the thin square pipe, the adjusting block cannot slide in the damping square ring sleeve due to the extrusion of the hydraulic oil on the adjusting block.

As a further improvement of the technology, the distance is formed between the pressing strip and the adjusting block, so that the pressing strip cannot extrude the adjusting block when the piston rod spring is not compressed; when the piston rod is slowly pressed down, the compression amount of the piston rod spring is small, and the pressing strip cannot extrude the adjusting block; when the piston rod is pressed down quickly and the compression amount of the piston rod spring is large, the adjusting block can be extruded by the pressing strip.

As a further improvement of the technology, the triangular blocks and the triangular bars are spaced, so that when the trigger bar is not triggered, the trigger bar cannot press the triangular blocks, and further the triangular bars cannot be extruded by the triangular blocks; in addition, the triangular strip cannot be in contact fit with the triangular block in the process that the triangular strip moves along with the adjusting block.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the first spring is a compression spring; the first spring is always in a compression state, so that the first guide block always tends to move in the direction away from the first spring, the extrusion force between the friction wheel on the rotating shaft and the inner cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity is increased, and the friction rotation of the friction wheel is facilitated.

As a further improvement of the present technology, the damping cylinder is filled with hydraulic oil or mechanical oil.

As a further improvement of the technology, the distance is reserved between one end of the trigger rod, which is far away from the triangular block, and the top surface outside the telescopic cylinder, so that the following conditions can be ensured: when one end of the trigger rod, which is far away from the triangular block, is extruded by the top cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder, the trigger rod has enough movement stroke to press down the triangular block on the trigger rod, and the triangular block extrudes the triangular strip.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "inside", "below", "upper" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings or orientations or positional relationships that the products of the present invention usually place when using, and are only used for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements indicated must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation or be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

The damper spring is designed such that the top disc is restored to an original position by a restoring force of the damper spring after the top disc is pressed down.

The design purposes of the fixed ring sleeve, the annular sliding groove, the telescopic cylinder spring and the telescopic cylinder are that in the process that the piston mechanism slides in the damping cylinder through the piston rod, the volume of a piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder can be changed by the in and out of the piston rod, and the volume of hydraulic oil in the piston sliding cavity cannot be changed; in order to solve the problem that the volume of the piston sliding cavity is changed due to the fact that the piston rod enters and exits, the piston slide cavity volume adjusting mechanism is designed as follows: the telescopic cylinder slides in the annular sliding groove through the telescopic cylinder spring, so that the volume of the piston mechanism can be changed along with the inlet and outlet of the piston rod, and finally the volume of hydraulic oil in the piston sliding cavity cannot be changed. The design of thick flexible side's pipe and thin flexible side's pipe lies in, and at the in-process that the section of thick bamboo reciprocated, thick flexible side's pipe and thin flexible side's pipe can be stretched or compressed, but thick flexible side's pipe and thin flexible side's pipe still enable hydraulic oil to flow through simultaneously.

The design of the piston rod spring is that the piston rod spring can have different compression amounts according to different downward pressures of the piston rod, so that the upper pressing strip of the piston rod can control the extrusion of the adjusting block according to the compression amount of the piston rod spring.

The second guide blocks, the second springs, the trigger rod and the triangular blocks are designed to be located in the guide grooves, and the two second guide blocks can play a role in hanging and supporting the trigger rod; after the second spring is compressed, the restoring force of the second spring can enable the second guide block to move and reset, and the second guide block can drive the trigger rod to move and reset; the triangular block can move up and down along with the trigger rod.

The friction wheel, the rotating shaft, the driving gear, the change gear, the rack, the connecting rod, the sliding plate, the supporting square ring sleeve, the connecting plate and the blocking plate are designed as follows: the sliding plate is supported by the supporting square ring sleeve and can slide in the supporting square ring sleeve; the friction wheel can drive the rack to move through the rotating shaft, the driving gear and the change gear; the rack can drive the blocking plate to move through the connecting rod, the sliding plate and the connecting plate. The effect that the closure plate respectively with thick side pipe mouth of pipe and thin side pipe mouth of pipe matched with is, at the in-process that the closure plate removed, the closure plate can be stopped up thick side pipe mouth of pipe or thin side pipe mouth of pipe.

The design aim at of three hornblocks, regulating blocks, three angle bars and layering: when the inclined plane of the adjusting block is extruded under different extrusion forces of the pressing strip, the adjusting block can enter the thin square tube at different quantities according to the different extrusion forces, and the flow speeds of hydraulic oil in the thin square tube are different due to the different quantities of the adjusting block entering the thin square tube; the triangle piece is through the extrusion triangle strip, and the triangle strip removes to the direction of keeping away from damping side ring cover, and the triangle strip drives the regulating block and removes to the direction of keeping away from damping side ring cover for the regulating block no longer enters into thin square pipe.

When the top disc is not pressed down, the damper spring is not compressed, and the piston mechanism is close to the top of the piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder; one end of the trigger rod, which is far away from the triangular block, is in contact with the top cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity, and the trigger rod is not extruded by the top cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity at the moment; the telescopic cylinder spring is not compressed, and the distance between the top cylinder surface of the telescopic cylinder and the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder is longest at the moment; the blocking plate is positioned between the orifice of the thick square tube and the orifice of the thin square tube; the friction wheel is in compression contact with the inner cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity; the pipe diameter of thick square pipe is greater than the pipe diameter of thin square pipe.

When the top disc is pressed downwards or the top disc moves upwards under the reset force of the damper spring, the piston rod pulls the piston mechanism to slide in the piston sliding cavity of the damping cylinder; when the piston mechanism moves downwards, the piston rod enters the damping cylinder, hydraulic oil in the lower space of the piston mechanism flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism through the thick square pipe and the thick telescopic square pipe, the volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism is relatively reduced due to the entering of the piston rod, and in order to compensate for the reduced space, the telescopic cylinder moves towards the cylinder bottom direction of the piston cylinder under the extrusion of the hydraulic oil in the upper space of the piston mechanism, the spring of the telescopic cylinder is compressed, the volume of the piston mechanism is reduced, and the volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism is reduced due to the entering of the piston rod. When the piston mechanism moves upwards, the piston rod extends out of the damping cylinder, hydraulic oil in the upper space of the piston mechanism can flow into the lower space of the piston mechanism through the thin square tube and the thin telescopic square tube, the volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism is relatively enlarged due to the extension of the piston rod, and in order to compensate for the enlarged space, under the reset action of a spring of the telescopic cylinder, the telescopic cylinder moves towards the cylinder bottom direction far away from the piston cylinder, the volume of the piston mechanism is enlarged, and the enlarged volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism due to the extension of the piston rod is compensated.

In the process that the piston mechanism moves downwards in a piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder, the friction wheel rotates anticlockwise, the friction wheel drives the rack to move towards the direction of the thin square tube through the rotating shaft, the driving gear and the turning gear, and the rack drives the blocking plate to move towards the direction of the orifice of the thin square tube through the connecting rod, the sliding plate and the connecting plate; the orifice of the thin square pipe is blocked by the blocking plate, and hydraulic oil positioned at the lower part of the piston mechanism cannot flow into the upper space of the piston mechanism through the thin square pipe and the thin telescopic square pipe; when the connecting plate moves to the limit position in the direction of the thin square tube, the connecting plate is propped by the sliding square hole of the connecting plate and cannot move; due to the limitation of the connecting plate, the rack is further prevented from moving, finally the change gear, the driving gear, the rotating shaft and the friction wheel are prevented from rotating, and at the moment, rolling friction of the friction wheel is changed into sliding friction.

In the process that the piston mechanism moves upwards in a piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder, the friction wheel rotates clockwise, the friction wheel drives the rack to move towards the direction of the thick square pipe through the rotating shaft, the driving gear and the turning gear, and the rack drives the blocking plate to move towards the direction of the pipe orifice of the thick square pipe through the connecting rod, the sliding plate and the connecting plate; the pipe orifice of the thick square pipe is blocked by the blocking plate, and hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism cannot flow into the lower space of the piston mechanism through the thick square pipe and the thick telescopic square pipe; when the connecting plate moves to the limit position in the direction of the thick square pipe, the connecting plate is propped by the sliding square hole of the connecting plate and cannot move; due to the limitation of the connecting plate, the rack is further prevented from moving, finally the change gear, the driving gear, the rotating shaft and the friction wheel are prevented from rotating, and at the moment, rolling friction of the friction wheel is changed into sliding friction.

When the top disc is slowly pressed down, the damper spring is compressed, the top disc slowly presses down the piston mechanism through the piston rod, at the moment, the compression amount of the piston rod spring in the piston mechanism is almost very small, and the pressing strip cannot extrude the adjusting block. When the piston mechanism is slowly pressed down, hydraulic oil at the lower part of the piston mechanism slowly flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism through the thick square pipe and the thick telescopic square pipe. When the damper spring enables the top disc to reset under the reset force, the top disc pulls the piston mechanism to move upwards through the piston rod; in the process of upward movement of the piston mechanism, hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism slowly flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism through the thin square tube and the thin telescopic square tube, the flow speed of the hydraulic oil allowed by the thin square tube is V1 at the moment, the upward movement speed of the piston mechanism is V1, the recovery speed of the one-way damper after being slowly pressed down is V1, and the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is F1. Because the pipe diameter of thick side pipe is greater than the pipe diameter of thin side pipe, so under the pressure of equal hydraulic oil, the circulation of thick side pipe is greater than the circulation of thin side pipe, and then makes the speed that the piston mechanism upwards moved can be obviously slower than the speed that the piston mechanism downwards moved. This enables the one-way damper of the present invention to have a characteristic of easy compression and hard tension.

When the top disc is pressed down fast, the damper spring is compressed fast, the top disc presses down the piston mechanism fast through the piston rod, the compression amount of the piston rod spring in the piston mechanism is large at the moment, the pressing strip extrudes the inclined plane of the adjusting block, the adjusting block is inserted into the thin square tube under the action of the inclined plane, and the amount of the adjusting block inserted into the thin square tube is large. When the piston mechanism is pressed down rapidly, hydraulic oil at the lower part of the piston mechanism flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism rapidly through the thick square pipe and the thick telescopic square pipe. When the damper spring enables the top disc to reset under the reset force, the top disc pulls the piston mechanism to move upwards through the piston rod; in the process of upward movement of the piston mechanism, hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism slowly flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism through the thin square tube and the thin telescopic square tube, and the flow speed of the hydraulic oil allowed by the thin square tube is V2 and V2 is smaller than V1 because the adjusting block is inserted into the thin square tube in a large amount; the upward moving speed of the piston mechanism is also V2, the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is F2, and F2 is greater than F1; at this time, the recovery speed V2 after the one-way damper is pressed down quickly is smaller than the recovery speed V1 after the one-way damper is pressed down slowly.

When the top disc is pressed down rapidly, the damper spring is compressed rapidly, the top disc presses down the piston mechanism rapidly through the piston rod, the compression amount of the piston rod spring in the piston mechanism is larger at the moment, the pressing strip extrudes the inclined plane of the adjusting block, the adjusting block is inserted into the thin square tube under the action of the inclined plane, and the amount of the adjusting block inserted into the thin square tube is larger. When the piston mechanism is pressed down rapidly, hydraulic oil at the lower part of the piston mechanism flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism rapidly through the thick square pipe and the thick telescopic square pipe. When the damper spring enables the top disc to reset under the reset force, the top disc pulls the piston mechanism to move upwards through the piston rod; in the process of upward movement of the piston mechanism, hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism more slowly through the thin square tube and the thin telescopic square tube, and the quantity of the adjusting block inserted into the thin square tube is larger, so that the flow speed of the hydraulic oil allowed by the thin square tube is V3, and V3 is smaller than V2; the upward moving speed of the piston mechanism is also V3, the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is F3, and F3 is greater than F2; (ii) a At this time, the recovery speed V3 after the one-way damper is rapidly pressed down is smaller than the recovery speed V2 after the one-way damper is rapidly pressed down.

In summary, the larger the external downward pressure on the one-way damper is, the faster the compression speed of the one-way damper is; the larger the amount of the pressing strip extruding the adjusting block into the thin square tube is, the slower the recovery speed of the one-way damper after being pressed down is; in summary, the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is related to the compression speed of the one-way damper: the faster the one-way damper is compressed, the greater the tensile damping force of the one-way damper, and the slower the one-way damper recovers.

In the process that the piston rod pulls the piston mechanism to move upwards, the piston rod spring is not compressed any more, and then the adjusting block is not extruded by the pressing strip any more. When the piston mechanism is tightly contacted with the top surface of a piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder, the trigger rod is extruded downwards by the top surface of the piston sliding cavity, the trigger rod drives the second guide block to move downwards, the second spring is compressed, and the triangular block moves downwards along with the trigger rod; then the triangle strip is extruded by the triangle block, the triangle strip moves towards the direction far away from the damping square ring sleeve, and the triangle strip drives the adjusting block to move towards the direction far away from the damping square ring sleeve, so that the adjusting block does not enter the thin square tube any more, and the adjusting block is restored to the state when not extruded by the pressing strip.

Compared with the traditional damper technology, the design of the fixed ring sleeve, the telescopic cylinder spring and the telescopic cylinder solves the problem that the volume of a piston sliding cavity in the damping cylinder is influenced when the piston rod slides in the damping cylinder; the piston rod spring is through discerning different overdraft for the volume that the layering extrusion regulating block entered into thin square pipe is different, and the regulating block enters into the different circulation speed that makes the thin square pipe in the hydraulic oil allow of the difference of thin square pipe volume. Finally, compared with the traditional one-way damper, the one-way damper of the invention can realize that: the faster the one-way damper is compressed, the greater the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is, and the slower the one-way damper is restored; the one-way damper has the advantages that the one-way damper can be used in a mechanical system requiring different damping forces due to complex working conditions, the condition that the damper needs to be replaced due to the requirement of different damping forces in the traditional machinery is greatly reduced, and the cost for replacing different dampers is saved. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a one-way damper.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a one-way damper.

Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic sectional view of the one-way damper.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the piston mechanism installation.

Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional front view of the piston mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a sectional front partially enlarged view schematically showing the installation of the piston mechanism.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the installation of a coarse telescopic square tube.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a retaining ring.

Fig. 9 is a sectional view showing the installation of the second guide shoe.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the bead installation.

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of the third fixing plate.

FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the support square collar installation.

Fig. 13 is a schematic sectional view of the piston cylinder.

Fig. 14 is a rack mounting schematic.

Fig. 15 is a schematic view of the engagement of the rack with the direction changing gear.

Fig. 16 is a schematic view of rail installation.

FIG. 17 is a schematic view of the friction wheel and drive gear mounting.

FIG. 18 is a schematic view of a triangular block and a triangular bar.

Fig. 19 is a schematic view of a triangle strip installation.

Number designation in the figures: 1. a top disk; 2. a piston rod; 3. a damper spring; 4. a damping cylinder; 5. a bottom disc; 6. a piston mechanism; 7. a piston slide chamber; 8. a trigger lever; 9. a telescopic cylinder; 10. a coarse telescopic square tube; 12. a coarse square tube; 13. fixing the loop; 14. a drive gear; 15. a change gear; 16. supporting the square ring sleeve; 17. a sliding plate; 18. a connecting plate; 19. a blocking plate; 20. fixing the guide cylinder; 21. a piston cylinder; 22. a thin telescopic square tube; 23. a thin square tube; 24. layering; 25. a triangular block; 26. an adjusting block; 27. a damping square ring sleeve; 28. a first fixing plate; 30. a piston rod spring; 31. a second fixing plate; 32. a friction wheel; 33. a telescopic cylinder spring; 34. a third fixing plate; 35. an annular chute; 37. a second guide block; 38. a second spring; 39. triangular bars; 40. a first guide block; 41. a first spring; 42. a trigger lever slide hole; 43. a guide groove; 44. a rack; 45. a guide rail; 46. a friction wheel hole; 47. a connecting plate sliding square hole; 48. a sliding square hole of the pressing strip; 49. a connecting rod; 50. damping ring sleeve square holes; 51. a rotating shaft; 52 fourth fixing plate.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the damping device comprises a top disc 1, a piston rod 2, a damper spring 3, a damping cylinder 4, a bottom disc 5, a piston mechanism 6 and a piston sliding cavity 7, wherein the damping cylinder 4 is arranged on the bottom disc 5 as shown in fig. 1 and 2; the damping cylinder 4 is provided with a piston sliding cavity 7; as shown in fig. 4 and 5, one end of the piston rod 2 is provided with the top disc 1, and the other end is provided with the piston mechanism 6; as shown in fig. 2, the piston rod 2 passes through the damping cylinder 4; the piston mechanism 6 is positioned in the piston sliding cavity 7, and the piston mechanism 6 slides in the piston sliding cavity 7; as shown in fig. 1, the damper spring 3 is nested on the damper cylinder 4, and one end of the damper spring 3 is mounted on the top disk 1 and the other end is mounted on the bottom disk 5.

As shown in fig. 3, 6 and 10, the piston mechanism 6 includes a trigger bar 8, a telescopic cylinder 9, a thick telescopic square tube 10, a thick square tube 12, a fixed ring sleeve 13, a driving gear 14, a direction-changing gear 15, a supporting square ring sleeve 16, a sliding plate 17, a connecting plate 18, a blocking plate 19, a fixed guide tube 20, a piston cylinder 21, a thin telescopic square tube 22, a thin square tube 23, a pressing strip 24, a triangular block 25, an adjusting block 26, a damping square ring sleeve 27, a first fixing plate 28, a piston rod spring 30, a second fixing plate 31, a friction wheel 32, a telescopic cylinder spring 33, a third fixing plate 34, a circular sliding groove 35, a second guide block 37, a second spring 38, a triangular strip 39, a first guide block 40, a first spring 41, a trigger bar sliding hole 42, a guide groove 43, a rack 44, a guide rail 45, a friction wheel hole 46, a connecting plate sliding square hole 47, a damping square hole 48, a connecting rod 49, a square hole 50 of a ring sleeve, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the piston cylinder 21 is slidably mounted in the piston slide chamber 7 of the damping cylinder 4; a fixed guide cylinder 20 is arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the piston cylinder 21; a batten sliding square hole 48 is formed on the outer circular surface of the fixed guide cylinder 20; as shown in fig. 3 and 8, the fixed collar 13 is mounted on the inner cylindrical surface of the piston cylinder 21 and is located on the upper side in the piston cylinder 21; an annular sliding groove 35 is formed in the fixed ring sleeve 13; as shown in fig. 3 and 7, the telescopic cylinder 9 is installed in the annular chute 35; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, one end of each of the six telescopic cylinder springs 33 is mounted on the telescopic cylinder 9, and the other end is mounted on the bottom groove surface of the annular chute 35; the six telescopic cylinder springs 33 are uniformly distributed on the telescopic cylinder 9 along the circumferential direction; the telescopic cylinder 9 slides in the annular sliding groove 35 through a telescopic cylinder spring 33; as shown in fig. 13, the thick square tube 12 and the thin square tube 23 are respectively installed on the bottom of the piston cylinder 21, and both the thick square tube 12 and the thin square tube 23 are communicated with the piston sliding cavity 7; the thick square tube 12 and the thin square tube 23 are positioned at two sides of the fixed guide cylinder 20; as shown in fig. 6 and 7, one end of the coarse telescopic square tube 10 is mounted on one end of the coarse square tube 12 far away from the bottom of the piston cylinder 21, and the other end is mounted on the top cylinder surface in the telescopic cylinder 9; one end of the coarse telescopic square tube 10 is communicated with the coarse square tube 12, and the other end is communicated with the piston sliding cavity 7; one end of the thin telescopic square tube 22 is arranged at one end of the thin square tube 23 far away from the cylinder bottom of the piston cylinder 21, and the other end is arranged on the top cylinder surface in the telescopic cylinder 9; one end of the thin telescopic square tube 22 is communicated with the thin square tube 23, and the other end is communicated with the piston sliding cavity 7.

As shown in fig. 3 and 9, one end of the piston rod 2, which is not connected with the top disc 1, passes through the telescopic cylinder 9 and is installed in the fixed guide cylinder 20; one end of the piston rod spring 30 is arranged on the piston rod 2, and the other end is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the fixed guide cylinder 20; the piston rod spring 30 is positioned in the fixed guide cylinder 20, and the piston rod 2 slides in the fixed guide cylinder 20 through the piston rod spring 30; as shown in fig. 6 and 10, one end of the pressing bar 24 is mounted on the outer circular surface of one end of the piston rod 2 close to the piston rod spring 30, and the other end passes through the pressing bar sliding square hole 48 of the fixed guide cylinder 20; the pressing bar 24 slides in the pressing bar sliding square hole 48 through the piston rod 2.

As shown in fig. 15, the side of the thin square tube 23 is provided with a damping ring sleeve square hole 50; the position of the damping ring sleeve square hole 50 is opposite to the position of the batten sliding square hole 48; as shown in fig. 6 and 9, the damping square ring sleeve 27 is mounted on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder 21 through a first fixing plate 28; one end of the damping square ring sleeve 27 is arranged in the damping ring sleeve square hole 50; as shown in fig. 6 and 18, the adjusting block 26 is mounted in the damping square ring sleeve 27, and the adjusting block 26 slides in the damping square ring sleeve 27; one end of the adjusting block 26 extending out of the damping square ring sleeve 27 is provided with an inclined surface; as shown in fig. 19, a triangular bar 39 is mounted on the side surface of one end of the adjusting block 26 having the inclined surface; the bead 24 cooperates with a ramp on the adjustment block 26.

As shown in fig. 8 and 11, the third fixing plate 34 is mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the fixing collar 13; a through trigger rod sliding hole 42 is formed at one end of the third fixing plate 34 which is not connected with the fixing ring sleeve 13; two guide grooves 43 are symmetrically formed on two sides of the trigger rod sliding hole 42; as shown in fig. 3 and 9, one end of the trigger rod 8 penetrates through the telescopic cylinder 9, and the other end of the trigger rod penetrates through the trigger rod sliding hole 42 and is provided with a triangular block 25; as shown in fig. 9 and 18, two second guide blocks 37 are symmetrically mounted on two side surfaces of the trigger lever 8 close to the triangular block 25; the two second guide blocks 37 are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves 43; one ends of the two second springs 38 are respectively mounted on the two second guide blocks 37, and the other ends are respectively mounted on the groove surfaces of the two guide grooves 43; the two second springs 38 are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves 43; the second guide shoes 37 slide in the respective guide grooves 43 by the respective second springs 38; the triangular blocks 25 cooperate with triangular bars 39.

As shown in fig. 13, one end of the second fixing plate 31 is mounted on the bottom surface of the piston cylinder 21, and the other end is mounted with a guide rail 45; a connecting plate sliding square hole 47 is formed in the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder 21; the supporting square ring sleeve 16 is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder 21 through a fourth fixing plate 52; the inner cylinder surface of the piston cylinder 21 is provided with a friction wheel hole 46; as shown in fig. 9 and 17, the first guide block 40 is slidably mounted in the guide rail 45; one end of the first spring 41 is mounted on the first guide block 40, and the other end is mounted on the inner wall surface of the guide rail 45; the first spring 41 is located in the guide rail 45; the rotating shaft 51 is installed in a circular hole of the first guide block 40 through a bearing, and two ends of the rotating shaft 51 penetrate through the first guide block 40; one end of the rotating shaft 51 is provided with the friction wheel 32, and the other end is provided with the driving gear 14; as shown in fig. 6, the friction wheel 32 passes through the friction wheel hole 46 on the piston cylinder 21 and is in contact fit with the inner cavity surface of the piston slide cavity 7; as shown in fig. 16, the direction-changing gear 15 is mounted on the second fixing plate 31 via a shaft; the change gear 15 is meshed with the driving gear 14; as shown in fig. 12 and 14, one end of the connecting block is provided with a blocking plate 19, and the other end passes through a sliding square hole 47 of the connecting plate and is provided with a sliding plate 17; the blocking plate 19 is tightly attached to the bottom surface outside the piston cylinder 21, and the blocking plate 19 is positioned between the thick square pipe 12 and the thin square pipe 23; the blocking plate 19 is respectively matched with the pipe orifice of the thick square pipe 12 and the pipe orifice of the thin square pipe 23; the connecting plate 18 slides in the connecting plate sliding square hole 47; one end of the sliding plate 17, which is not connected with the connecting plate 18, penetrates through the supporting square ring sleeve 16; the rack 44 is mounted on the end of the slide plate 17 remote from the connecting plate 18 by means of a connecting rod 49; as shown in fig. 15, the rack 44 is engaged with the direction change gear 15.

The damping square ring 27 is coated with a high viscosity liquid on the inner wall surface, so that the adjusting block 26 is difficult to slide when sliding in the damping square ring 27. When the pressing bar 24 presses the adjusting block 26, the adjusting block 26 can overcome resistance to slide in the damping square ring sleeve 27; when the triangular block 25 presses the triangular strip 39, the triangular strip 39 can also make the adjusting block 26 slide in the damping square ring sleeve 27 against resistance; when hydraulic oil flows in the thin square tube 23, the adjusting block 26 is not slid in the damping square ring sleeve 27 by the pressing of the adjusting block 26 by the hydraulic oil.

As shown in fig. 6, the above-mentioned pressing bar 24 and the adjusting block 26 have a space therebetween, so that the pressing bar 24 does not press the adjusting block 26 when the piston rod spring 30 is not compressed; when the piston rod 2 is slowly pressed down, the compression amount of the piston rod spring 30 is small, and the pressing strip 24 cannot extrude the adjusting block 26; when the piston rod 2 is pressed down rapidly and the compression amount of the piston rod spring 30 is large, the pressing bar 24 presses the adjusting block 26.

As shown in fig. 18, the triangular block 25 and the triangular bar 39 are spaced from each other, so that when the trigger lever 8 is not triggered, the trigger lever 8 does not press down the triangular block 25, and the triangular block 25 does not press the triangular bar 39; in addition, the triangular bar 39 does not come into contact with the triangular block 25 during the movement of the triangular bar 39 following the adjusting block 26.

The first spring 41 is a compression spring; the first spring 41 is always in a compressed state, and the first guide block 40 always tends to move away from the first spring 41, so that the pressing force between the friction wheel 32 on the rotating shaft 51 and the inner cavity surface of the piston slide cavity 7 is increased, and the friction rotation of the friction wheel 32 is facilitated.

The damping cylinder 4 is filled with hydraulic oil or mechanical oil.

As shown in fig. 3, the trigger rod 8 is spaced from the end of the triangular block 25 to the top surface of the telescopic cylinder 9, so that: when the end of the trigger rod 8 far from the triangular block 25 is pressed by the top cavity surface of the piston slide cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4, the trigger rod 8 has enough movement stroke to press the triangular block 25 on the trigger rod 8 downwards and press the triangular block 25 to press the triangular strip 39.

The damper spring 3 is designed such that the top disk 1 can be restored to an original position under a restoring force of the damper spring 3 after the top disk 1 is pressed down.

The fixed ring sleeve 13, the annular chute 35, the telescopic cylinder spring 33 and the telescopic cylinder 9 are designed in the invention, so that in the process that the piston mechanism 6 slides in the damping cylinder 4 through the piston rod 2, the volume of the piston sliding cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4 can be changed by the in-and-out of the piston rod 2, and the volume of hydraulic oil in the piston sliding cavity 7 cannot be changed; in order to solve the problem that the volume of the piston sliding cavity 7 is changed due to the fact that the piston rod 2 moves in and out, the design is that: the telescopic cylinder 9 slides in the annular sliding groove 35 through the telescopic cylinder spring 33, so that the volume of the piston mechanism 6 can be changed along with the inlet and outlet of the piston rod 2, and finally the volume of the hydraulic oil in the piston sliding cavity 7 cannot be changed. The design of the thick telescopic square pipe 10 and the thin telescopic square pipe 22 is that the thick telescopic square pipe 10 and the thin telescopic square pipe 22 can be stretched or compressed in the process of moving the telescopic cylinder 9 up and down, but the thick telescopic square pipe 10 and the thin telescopic square pipe 22 still enable hydraulic oil to flow through.

The design of the piston rod spring 30 is such that the piston rod spring 30 can have different compression amounts according to different downward pressures of the piston rod 2, so that the compression of the adjusting block 26 by the upper compression strip 24 of the piston rod 2 can be controlled according to the compression amount of the piston rod spring 30.

The second guide blocks 37, the second springs 38, the trigger bar 8 and the triangular blocks 25 are designed so that the second guide blocks 37 are located in the guide grooves 43, and the two second guide blocks 37 can play a role of suspension support for the trigger bar 8; after the second spring 38 is compressed, the restoring force of the second spring 38 can move and reset the second guide block 37, and the second guide block 37 can drive the trigger rod 8 to move and reset; the triangular block 25 can follow up and down movement of the trigger lever 8.

The friction wheel 32, the rotating shaft 51, the driving gear 14, the change gear 15, the rack 44, the connecting rod 49, the sliding plate 17, the supporting square ring sleeve 16, the connecting plate 18 and the blocking plate 19 are designed in the following way: the sliding plate 17 is supported by the supporting square ring 16, and the sliding plate 17 can slide in the supporting square ring 16; the friction wheel 32 can drive the rack 44 to move through the rotating shaft 51, the driving gear 14 and the change gear 15; the rack 44 can move the blocking plate 19 via the connecting rod 49, the sliding plate 17 and the connecting plate 18. The effect that the closure plate 19 matches with the thick square pipe 12 mouth of pipe and the thin square pipe 23 mouth of pipe respectively is, and at the in-process that the closure plate 19 removed, the closure plate 19 can be stopped up thick square pipe 12 mouth of pipe or thin square pipe 23 mouth of pipe.

The design purposes of the triangular block 25, the adjusting block 26, the triangular strip 39 and the pressing strip 24 are as follows: when the inclined plane of the adjusting block 26 is extruded under different extrusion forces of the pressing strip 24, the adjusting block 26 can enter the thin square tube 23 at different quantities according to different extrusion forces, and the flow rates of hydraulic oil in the thin square tube 23 are different due to the different quantities of the adjusting block 26 entering the thin square tube 23; the triangular bar 39 is extruded by the triangular block 25, the triangular bar 39 moves towards the direction far away from the damping square ring sleeve 27, and the triangular bar 39 drives the adjusting block 26 to move towards the direction far away from the damping square ring sleeve 27, so that the adjusting block 26 does not enter the thin square tube 23 any more.

The specific implementation mode is as follows: when the top disc 1 is not pressed down, the damper spring 3 is not compressed, and the piston mechanism 6 is close to the top of the piston sliding cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4; one end of the trigger rod 8, which is far away from the triangular block 25, is in contact with the top cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity 7, and the trigger rod 8 is not extruded by the top cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity 7 at the moment; the telescopic cylinder spring 33 is not compressed, and the distance between the top cylinder surface of the telescopic cylinder 9 and the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder 21 is longest; the blocking plate 19 is positioned between the orifice of the thick square tube 12 and the orifice of the thin square tube 23; the friction wheel 32 is in compression contact with the inner cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity 7; the diameter of the thick square tube 12 is larger than that of the thin square tube 23.

When the top disk 1 is pressed down or the top disk 1 moves upwards under the reset force of the damper spring 3, the piston rod 2 pulls the piston mechanism 6 to slide in the piston sliding cavity 7 of the damping cylinder 4; when the piston mechanism 6 moves downwards, the piston rod 2 enters the damping cylinder 4, hydraulic oil in the lower space of the piston mechanism 6 flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thick square pipe 12 and the thick telescopic square pipe 10, the volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 is relatively reduced due to the entering of the piston rod 2, in order to compensate for the reduced space, under the squeezing of the hydraulic oil in the upper space of the piston mechanism 6, the telescopic cylinder 9 moves towards the cylinder bottom direction of the piston cylinder 21, the telescopic cylinder spring 33 is compressed, the volume of the piston mechanism 6 is reduced, and the reduced volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 due to the entering of the piston rod 2 is compensated. When the piston mechanism 6 moves upwards, the piston rod 2 extends out of the damping cylinder 4, hydraulic oil in the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thin square tube 23 and the thin telescopic square tube 22, the volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 is relatively increased due to the extension of the piston rod 2, in order to compensate for the increased space, the telescopic cylinder 9 moves towards the direction far away from the cylinder bottom of the piston cylinder 21 under the reset action of the telescopic cylinder spring 33, the volume of the piston mechanism 6 is increased, and the increased volume of the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 due to the extension of the piston rod 2 is compensated.

In the process that the piston mechanism 6 moves downwards in the piston sliding cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4, the friction wheel 32 rotates anticlockwise, the friction wheel 32 drives the rack 44 to move towards the direction of the thin square tube 23 through the rotating shaft 51, the driving gear 14 and the change gear 15, and the rack 44 drives the blocking plate 19 to move towards the direction of the orifice of the thin square tube 23 through the connecting rod 49, the sliding plate 17 and the connecting plate 18; the orifice of the thin square tube 23 is blocked by the blocking plate 19, and hydraulic oil positioned at the lower part of the piston mechanism 6 cannot flow into the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thin square tube 23 and the thin telescopic square tube 22; when the connecting plate 18 moves to the limit position in the direction of the thin square tube 23, the connecting plate 18 is supported by the connecting plate sliding square hole 47 and cannot move; due to the limit of the connecting plate 18, the rack 44 is not moved any more, and finally the direction changing gear 15, the driving gear 14, the rotating shaft 51 and the friction wheel 32 are not rotated any more, and at the moment, the rolling friction of the friction wheel 32 is changed into sliding friction.

In the process that the piston mechanism 6 moves upwards in the piston sliding cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4, the friction wheel 32 rotates clockwise, the friction wheel 32 drives the rack 44 to move towards the direction of the thick square pipe 12 through the rotating shaft 51, the driving gear 14 and the change gear 15, and the rack 44 drives the blocking plate 19 to move towards the direction of the pipe orifice of the thick square pipe 12 through the connecting rod 49, the sliding plate 17 and the connecting plate 18; the blocking plate 19 blocks the orifice of the thick square pipe 12, and hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism 6 cannot flow into the lower space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thick square pipe 12 and the thick telescopic square pipe 10; when the connecting plate 18 moves to the limit position in the direction of the thick square tube 12, the connecting plate 18 is supported by the connecting plate sliding square hole 47 and cannot move; due to the limit of the connecting plate 18, the rack 44 is not moved any more, and finally the direction changing gear 15, the driving gear 14, the rotating shaft 51 and the friction wheel 32 are not rotated any more, and at the moment, the rolling friction of the friction wheel 32 is changed into sliding friction.

When the top disc 1 is slowly pressed down, the damper spring 3 is compressed, the top disc 1 slowly presses down the piston mechanism 6 through the piston rod 2, at the moment, the compression amount of the piston rod spring 30 in the piston mechanism 6 is almost small, and the pressing strip 24 cannot press the adjusting block 26. When the piston mechanism 6 is slowly pressed down, the hydraulic oil at the lower part of the piston mechanism 6 slowly flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thick square pipe 12 and the thick telescopic square pipe 10. When the damper spring 3 enables the top disc 1 to reset under the reset force, the top disc 1 pulls the piston mechanism 6 to move upwards through the piston rod 2; during the upward movement of the piston mechanism 6, the hydraulic oil located at the upper portion of the piston mechanism 6 slowly flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thin square tube 23 and the thin telescopic square tube 22, and since the adjustment block 26 is not operated, the flow rate of the hydraulic oil allowed by the thin square tube 23 at this time is V1, the upward movement rate of the piston mechanism 6 is also V1, the recovery rate of the one-way damper after being slowly pressed down is V1, and the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is F1. Because the pipe diameter of the thick square pipe 12 is greater than that of the thin square pipe 23, the flow rate of the thick square pipe 12 is greater than that of the thin square pipe 23 under the same hydraulic oil pressure, and the upward moving speed of the piston mechanism 6 is obviously slower than the downward moving speed of the piston mechanism 6. This enables the one-way damper of the present invention to have a characteristic of easy compression and hard tension.

When the top disc 1 is pressed down rapidly, the damper spring 3 is compressed rapidly, the top disc 1 presses down the piston mechanism 6 rapidly through the piston rod 2, at the moment, the compression amount of the piston rod spring 30 in the piston mechanism 6 is large, the pressing strip 24 extrudes the inclined plane of the adjusting block 26, under the action of the inclined plane, the adjusting block 26 is inserted into the thin square tube 23, and the amount of the adjusting block 26 inserted into the thin square tube 23 is large. When the piston mechanism 6 is pressed down rapidly, the hydraulic oil at the lower part of the piston mechanism 6 flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 rapidly through the thick square pipe 12 and the thick telescopic square pipe 10. When the damper spring 3 enables the top disc 1 to reset under the reset force, the top disc 1 pulls the piston mechanism 6 to move upwards through the piston rod 2; in the process that the piston mechanism 6 moves upwards, the hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism 6 slowly flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism 6 through the thin square tube 23 and the thin telescopic square tube 22, and the flow speed of the hydraulic oil allowed by the thin square tube 23 is V2 and V2 is smaller than V1 because the adjusting block 26 is inserted into the thin square tube 23 in a large amount; the upward moving speed of the piston mechanism 6 is also V2, the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is F2, and F2 is greater than F1; at this time, the recovery speed V2 after the one-way damper is pressed down quickly is smaller than the recovery speed V1 after the one-way damper is pressed down slowly.

When the top disc 1 is pressed down rapidly, the damper spring 3 is compressed rapidly, the top disc 1 presses down the piston mechanism 6 rapidly through the piston rod 2, at the moment, the compression amount of the piston rod spring 30 in the piston mechanism 6 is larger, the pressing strip 24 extrudes the inclined plane of the adjusting block 26, under the action of the inclined plane, the adjusting block 26 is inserted into the thin square tube 23, and the amount of the adjusting block 26 inserted into the thin square tube 23 is larger. When the piston mechanism 6 is pressed down rapidly, the hydraulic oil located at the lower part of the piston mechanism 6 flows into the upper space of the piston mechanism 6 rapidly through the thick square pipe 12 and the thick telescopic square pipe 10. When the damper spring 3 enables the top disc 1 to reset under the reset force, the top disc 1 pulls the piston mechanism 6 to move upwards through the piston rod 2; in the process that the piston mechanism 6 moves upwards, the hydraulic oil positioned at the upper part of the piston mechanism 6 flows into the lower space of the piston mechanism 6 more slowly through the thin square tube 23 and the thin telescopic square tube 22, and the adjusting block 26 is inserted into the thin square tube 23 in a larger amount, so that the flow speed of the hydraulic oil allowed by the thin square tube 23 is V3, and V3 is smaller than V2; the upward moving speed of the piston mechanism 6 is also V3, the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is F3, and F3 is greater than F2; (ii) a At this time, the recovery speed V3 after the one-way damper is rapidly pressed down is smaller than the recovery speed V2 after the one-way damper is rapidly pressed down.

In summary, the larger the external downward pressure on the one-way damper is, the faster the compression speed of the one-way damper is; the larger the amount of the pressing strip 24 extruding the adjusting block 26 into the thin square tube 23 is, the slower the recovery speed of the one-way damper after being pressed down is; in summary, the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is related to the compression speed of the one-way damper: the faster the one-way damper is compressed, the greater the tensile damping force of the one-way damper, and the slower the one-way damper recovers.

During the process of the piston rod 2 pulling the piston mechanism 6 upwards, the piston rod spring 30 is no longer compressed and the pressure strip 24 no longer presses the adjusting block 26. When the piston mechanism 6 is tightly contacted with the top surface of the piston sliding cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4, the trigger rod 8 is pressed downwards by the top surface of the piston sliding cavity 7, the trigger rod 8 drives the second guide block 37 to move downwards, the second spring 38 is compressed, and the triangular block 25 moves downwards along with the trigger rod 8; then the triangular block 25 presses the triangular strip 39, the triangular strip 39 moves towards the direction far away from the damping square ring sleeve 27, the triangular strip 39 drives the adjusting block 26 to move towards the direction far away from the damping square ring sleeve 27, the adjusting block 26 does not enter the thin square tube 23 any more, and the adjusting block 26 is restored to the state when not pressed by the pressing strip 24.

In conclusion, the invention has the main beneficial effects that: the design of the fixed ring sleeve 13, the telescopic cylinder spring 33 and the telescopic cylinder 9 solves the influence of the piston rod 2 on the volume of the piston sliding cavity 7 in the damping cylinder 4 when sliding in the damping cylinder 4; the piston rod spring 30 enables the pressing bar 24 to extrude the adjusting block 26 to enter the thin square tube 23 at different amounts by recognizing different downward pressures, and the adjusting block 26 enters the thin square tube 23 at different amounts to enable the flow speed of hydraulic oil in the thin square tube 23 to be different. Finally, compared with the traditional one-way damper, the one-way damper of the invention can realize that: the faster the one-way damper is compressed, the greater the tensile damping force of the one-way damper is, and the slower the one-way damper is restored; the one-way damper has the advantages that the one-way damper can be used in a mechanical system requiring different damping forces due to complex working conditions, the condition that the damper needs to be replaced due to the requirement of different damping forces in the traditional machinery is greatly reduced, and the cost for replacing different dampers is saved. The invention has simple structure and better use effect.

Claims

1. A one-way damper, characterized in that: the damping device comprises a top disc, a piston rod, a damper spring, a damping cylinder, a bottom disc, a piston mechanism and a piston sliding cavity, wherein the damping cylinder is arranged on the bottom disc; the damping cylinder is provided with a piston sliding cavity; one end of the piston rod is provided with a top disc, and the other end of the piston rod is provided with a piston mechanism; the piston rod penetrates through the damping cylinder; the piston mechanism is positioned in the piston sliding cavity and slides in the piston sliding cavity; the damper spring is nested on the damping cylinder, one end of the damper spring is arranged on the top disc, and the other end of the damper spring is arranged on the bottom disc;

the piston mechanism comprises a trigger rod, a telescopic cylinder, a coarse telescopic square tube, a coarse square tube, a fixed ring sleeve, a driving gear, a change gear, a supporting square ring sleeve, a sliding plate, a connecting plate, a blocking plate, a fixed guide cylinder, a piston cylinder, a fine telescopic square tube, a fine square tube, a pressing bar, a triangular block, a regulating block, a damping square ring sleeve, a first fixing plate, a piston rod spring, a second fixing plate, a friction wheel, a telescopic cylinder spring, a third fixing plate, an annular chute, a second guide block, a second spring, a triangular bar, a first guide block, a first spring, a trigger rod sliding hole, a guide groove, a rack, a guide rail, a friction wheel hole, a connecting plate sliding square hole, a pressing bar sliding square hole, a connecting rod, a damping ring sleeve square hole and a rotating shaft, wherein the piston cylinder is slidably mounted in a piston sliding cavity; a fixed guide cylinder is arranged in the middle of the cylinder bottom surface of the piston cylinder; a batten sliding square hole is formed in the outer circular surface of the fixed guide cylinder; the fixed ring sleeve is arranged on the inner cylinder surface of the piston cylinder and is positioned on the upper side in the piston cylinder; an annular chute is arranged in the fixed ring sleeve; the telescopic cylinder is arranged in the annular chute; one ends of the six telescopic cylinder springs are mounted on the telescopic cylinder, and the other ends of the six telescopic cylinder springs are mounted on the bottom groove surface of the annular sliding groove; the six telescopic cylinder springs are uniformly distributed on the telescopic cylinder along the circumferential direction; the telescopic cylinder slides in the annular chute through a telescopic cylinder spring; the thick square tube and the thin square tube are respectively arranged on the bottom of the piston cylinder and are communicated with the piston sliding cavity; the thick square tube and the thin square tube are positioned at two sides of the fixed guide cylinder; one end of the thick telescopic square tube is arranged at one end of the thick square tube far away from the bottom of the piston cylinder, and the other end of the thick telescopic square tube is arranged on the top cylinder surface in the telescopic cylinder; one end of the coarse telescopic square tube is communicated with the coarse square tube, and the other end of the coarse telescopic square tube is communicated with the piston sliding cavity; one end of the thin telescopic square tube is arranged at one end of the thin square tube far away from the bottom of the piston cylinder, and the other end of the thin telescopic square tube is arranged on the top cylinder surface in the telescopic cylinder; one end of the thin telescopic square tube is communicated with the thin square tube, and the other end of the thin telescopic square tube is communicated with the piston sliding cavity;

one end of the piston rod, which is not connected with the top disc, penetrates through the telescopic cylinder and is arranged in the fixed guide cylinder; one end of the piston rod spring is arranged on the piston rod, and the other end of the piston rod spring is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the fixed guide cylinder; the piston rod spring is positioned in the fixed guide cylinder, and the piston rod slides in the fixed guide cylinder through the piston rod spring; one end of the pressing bar is arranged on the outer circular surface of one end of the piston rod close to the piston rod spring, and the other end of the pressing bar penetrates through a sliding square hole of the pressing bar of the fixed guide cylinder; the pressing bar slides in the sliding square hole of the pressing bar through the piston rod;

the side surface of the thin square tube is provided with a damping ring sleeve square hole; the position of the square hole of the damping ring sleeve is opposite to the position of the sliding square hole of the pressing strip; the damping square ring sleeve is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder through a first fixing plate; one end of the damping square ring sleeve is arranged in the damping ring sleeve square hole; the adjusting block is arranged in the damping square ring sleeve and slides in the damping square ring sleeve; one end of the adjusting block extending out of the damping square ring sleeve is provided with an inclined surface; a triangular bar is arranged on the side surface of one end of the adjusting block with the inclined surface; the pressing strip is matched with the inclined plane on the adjusting block;

the third fixing plate is arranged on the inner circular surface of the fixing ring sleeve; one end of the third fixing plate, which is not connected with the fixing ring sleeve, is provided with a through trigger rod sliding hole; two guide grooves are symmetrically formed in two sides of the trigger rod sliding hole; one end of the trigger rod penetrates through the telescopic cylinder, and the other end of the trigger rod penetrates through the trigger rod sliding hole and is provided with a triangular block; two second guide blocks are symmetrically arranged on the two side faces, close to the triangular block, of the trigger rod; the two second guide blocks are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves; one ends of the two second springs are respectively arranged on the two second guide blocks, and the other ends of the two second springs are respectively arranged on the groove surfaces of the two guide grooves; the two second springs are respectively positioned in the two guide grooves; the second guide blocks slide in the corresponding guide grooves through the corresponding second springs; the triangular blocks are matched with the triangular strips;

one end of the second fixing plate is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder, and the other end of the second fixing plate is provided with a guide rail; a sliding square hole of the connecting plate is formed in the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder; the supporting square ring sleeve is arranged on the bottom cylinder surface of the piston cylinder through a fourth fixing plate; the inner cylinder surface of the piston cylinder is provided with a friction wheel hole; the first guide block is slidably arranged in the guide rail; one end of the first spring is arranged on the first guide block, and the other end of the first spring is arranged on the inner wall surface of the guide rail; the first spring is positioned in the guide rail; the rotating shaft is arranged in a circular hole of the first guide block through a bearing, and two ends of the rotating shaft penetrate through the first guide block; one end of the rotating shaft is provided with a friction wheel, and the other end of the rotating shaft is provided with a driving gear; the friction wheel penetrates through a friction wheel hole in the piston cylinder and is in contact fit with the inner cavity surface of the piston sliding cavity; the change gear is arranged on the second fixing plate through a shaft; the change gear is meshed with the driving gear; one end of the connecting block is provided with a blocking plate, and the other end of the connecting block passes through the sliding square hole of the connecting plate and is provided with a sliding plate; the blocking plate is tightly attached to the bottom surface outside the piston cylinder and is positioned between the thick square tube and the thin square tube; the blocking plate is respectively matched with the pipe orifice of the thick square pipe and the pipe orifice of the thin square pipe; the connecting plate slides in the connecting plate sliding square hole; one end of the sliding plate, which is not connected with the connecting plate, penetrates through the supporting square ring sleeve; the rack is arranged on one end of the sliding plate far away from the connecting plate through a connecting rod; the rack is meshed with the turning gear;

the inner wall surface of the damping square ring sleeve is coated with high-viscosity liquid;

a space is arranged between the pressing strip and the adjusting block;

the triangular blocks and the triangular strips are spaced;

the first spring is a compression spring; the first spring is always in a compressed state;

hydraulic oil or mechanical oil is filled in the damping cylinder;

and a distance is reserved between one end of the trigger rod, which is far away from the triangular block, and the top surface outside the telescopic cylinder.