CN110656920B - Acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoir - Google Patents
Acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoir Download PDFInfo
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- CN110656920B CN110656920B CN201810688247.5A CN201810688247A CN110656920B CN 110656920 B CN110656920 B CN 110656920B CN 201810688247 A CN201810688247 A CN 201810688247A CN 110656920 B CN110656920 B CN 110656920B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
Abstract
The invention discloses an acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, which comprises the following steps: determining the type of complex fracture morphology required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir according to the engineering geological condition of the region where the target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir, wherein the type of the complex fracture morphology comprises one of a near-well network joint, a single main fracture and a far-well network joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well network joint; implementing corresponding acid fracturing strategies for complex fractures of different morphologies to form artificial fractures at different locations around the well to communicate the hydrocarbon reservoir within the target wellbore region. The invention can form a complex artificial fracture system, achieve the purpose of fracturing a plurality of oil gas reservoirs around the well by single fracturing, and increase the oil gas production degree around the well.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil reservoir engineering, in particular to an acid fracturing method for complex fractures of carbonate reservoirs, which is used for increasing the communication number and probability of oil and gas reservoirs around a well and increasing the oil and gas extraction degree.
Background
Cracks and karst caves are main oil and gas storage spaces and flow channels of carbonate reservoirs, the cracks and the karst caves are complex in structure, discontinuous in development and strong in heterogeneity, and effective reservoir body distribution in space is difficult to predict. Due to the complexity of the distribution of the slots and holes, the limitations of the detection technique, and the deviation of the precise control of the well trajectory during drilling, it is difficult to directly communicate some target reservoirs through the well during production. Meanwhile, natural fractures of a reservoir develop, conventional fracturing in the fracturing well completion process is mainly single main fracture, the control difficulty of an expansion path is high, the fracture tends to communicate with a fracture-cavity reservoir body in the direction with the maximum ground stress level, the reservoir bodies in other directions are difficult to communicate, the effective communication rate is limited, the requirement on deep transformation technology is high, and the difficulty in stable production is high. In addition, along with the external expansion of an oil field development block, the development degree of a reservoir is poorer and poorer, the communication rate of a fracture-cave reservoir body and the average single well capacity are gradually reduced, and the efficient exploitation of the reservoir is severely restricted.
Aiming at the exploitation problem of carbonate reservoirs, various departments and institutes actively explore and research, but few technical methods are involved for communicating oil and gas reservoirs under different complex fracture forms of the carbonate reservoirs. In the aspect of increasing production and improving efficiency, natural fractures are fully utilized and the communication rate of a karst cave reservoir body is improved through complex fracture acid fracturing, so that a process technology suitable for improving fracture type and fracture-cave type carbonate reservoirs is formed, the fracture-cave reservoir bodies are effectively communicated to the greatest extent, the production increase is realized, and great economic and social benefits can be brought to the efficient development of the reservoirs.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, which comprises the following steps: determining the type of complex fracture morphology required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir according to the engineering geological condition of the region where the target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir, wherein the type of the complex fracture morphology comprises one of a near-well reticular joint, a single main fracture and a far-well reticular joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well reticular joint; and a strategy implementation step, namely implementing corresponding acid pressure strategies aiming at the complex fractures with different forms so as to form artificial fractures at different positions around the well, thereby communicating the oil and gas reservoirs in the target well hole area.
Preferably, in the strategy applying step, a first acid fracturing strategy is applied to the complex fracture determined as a near-wellbore mesh fracture, the first acid fracturing strategy comprising: injecting acid liquor or injecting acid liquor and slickwater to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well and form flow channels in different directions around the well, wherein the discharge capacity of the pumped acid liquor or the pumped acid liquor and slickwater is 0.5-3.0 m3Min, and the pressure of the pumped acid liquid or the acid liquid and the slickwater reaches 1.1MPa to 1.5MPa per hundred meters.
Preferably, in the first acid fracturing strategy, the total volume of the injected liquid is 760-1270 m3When acid liquor and slickwater with certain discharge capacity and pressure are injected, the proportion of the volume of the injected acid liquor to the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage is 30-50%.
Preferably, in the strategy implementation step, a second fracturing strategy is implemented on the complex fractures determined as the single main fracture and the far well network fracture, wherein the second fracturing strategy is implemented according to the following sequence: pumping fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater to expand to form a main fracture and expand towards the far end of a well hole; and in the second stage, acid liquor and slickwater are alternately pumped in to activate the natural fractures at the far ends of the main fractures and increase the transformation range.
Preferably, in the stage of pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, the total volume of the injected fluid is 360-600 m3(ii) a In addition, in the stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 560-720 m3Wherein the proportion of the acid liquid volume to the total volume of the injected liquid at the current stage is more than 60%.
Preferably, the displacement of each injected fluid is greater than 5.0m during the stages of pumping the fracturing fluid, or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater3Min; in addition, in the stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the discharge capacity of each injected liquid is greater than 7.0m3/min。
Preferably, in the strategy implementation step, a third acid fracturing strategy is implemented on the complex fracture determined as a plurality of main fractures, and the third acid fracturing strategy is implemented according to the following sequence: pumping acid liquor or pumping acid liquor and slickwater at the crack initiation points of the multi-branch cracks around the well so as to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well and provide conditions for the multi-branch main cracks to expand from near-well crack initiation to far-well crack initiation; and in the second stage, pumping fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater to form a plurality of branch main cracks so as to increase the transformation distance.
Preferably, the total volume of the injected liquid is 60-90 m in the stage of pumping the acid liquid or pumping the acid liquid and the slickwater3And the volume of the acid liquor accounts for more than 50% of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage.
Preferably, in the stage of pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, the total volume of the injected fluid is 540-900 m3Wherein the ratio of the volume of the fracturing fluid to the total volume of the injected fluid at the current stage is greater than 60%.
Preferably, in the strategy implementation step, a fourth acid fracturing strategy is implemented on the complex fractures determined as the plurality of main fractures and the far well network fractures, wherein the fourth acid fracturing strategy is implemented according to the following sequence: pumping acid liquor or pumping acid liquor and slickwater at the crack initiation points of the multi-branch cracks around the well so as to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well and provide conditions for the multi-branch main cracks to expand from near-well crack initiation to far-well crack initiation; pumping fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater to form a plurality of branch main cracks so as to increase the transformation distance; and in the third stage, acid liquor and slickwater are alternately pumped in to activate the natural fractures at the far ends of the main fractures in different directions, so that the transformation range is increased.
Preferably, in the stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 720-900 m3And the volume of the acid liquor accounts for more than 60 percent of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage.
Preferably, the fracturing fluid consists of: 0.5 percent of guanidine gum, 1.0 percent of demulsifier, 0.5 percent of temperature stabilizer, 0.02 percent of pH value regulator and 0.6 percent of organic boron crosslinking agent.
Preferably, the acid solution is selected from one or more of gelled acid and ground crosslinked acid, wherein the gelled acid consists of: 20% of HCl + 0.7% of thickening agent + 2.0% of corrosion inhibitor + 1.0% of iron ion stabilizer + 1.0% of anti-emulsifying agent for fracture acidizing, and further, the ground crosslinking acid comprises the following components: 20% HCl + 0.7% thickener + 2.0% corrosion inhibitor + 1.0% demulsifier + 1.0% iron ion stabilizer + 0.7% cross-linker + 0.2% conditioner + 0.02% gel breaker.
Preferably, the slickwater consists of: 0.3 percent of guanidine gum, 0.02 percent of sodium hydroxide and clear water.
Compared with the prior art, one or more embodiments in the above scheme can have the following advantages or beneficial effects:
according to the characteristics of acid solubility of carbonate rock and natural fracture development, acid liquor and the like are pumped into the well, and the well is activated, etched and communicated with natural fractures around the well and reservoir layers to form a complex artificial fracture system, so that the purpose of fracturing a plurality of oil and gas reservoirs around the well once is achieved, and the oil and gas production degree around the well is increased.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a step diagram of an acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs according to the embodiment of the present application after a first acid fracturing strategy is performed on near-well-network fractures.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs according to the embodiment of the present application after implementing the second acid fracturing strategy for a single main fracture and a far well network fracture.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in a carbonate reservoir after a third acid fracturing strategy is performed on a plurality of main fractures according to the embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in a carbonate reservoir after a fourth acid fracturing strategy is implemented on a plurality of main fractures and far-well network fractures according to the embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be provided with reference to the drawings and examples, so that how to apply the technical means to solve the technical problems and achieve the technical effects can be fully understood and implemented. It should be noted that, as long as there is no conflict, the embodiments and the features of the embodiments of the present invention may be combined with each other, and the technical solutions formed are within the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims at the technical method related to the communication of oil and gas reservoirs in different complex fracture forms of carbonate reservoirs in the prior art, and establishes an acid fracturing method for complex fractures of fracture-type and fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs, according to the characteristics of acid solubility and natural fracture development of carbonate reservoirs, by pumping in-well liquid such as acid liquor, fracturing fluid, slickwater and the like, the method activates, etches and communicates natural fractures around a well and the reservoir, a complex artificial fracture system is formed, a new oil and gas channel is established, the purpose of communicating a plurality of oil and gas reservoirs around the well by single fracturing is achieved, meanwhile, the horizontal ground stress difference of more than 10MPa is overcome, and oil and gas exploitation is realized.
Fig. 1 is a step diagram of an acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 1, the method first (step S110) determines the type of complex fracture morphology required for communicating the hydrocarbon reservoir according to the engineering geological conditions of the region where the target wellbore is located and the hydrocarbon reservoir state. Then, in step S120, corresponding acid fracturing strategies are implemented for the complex fractures of different morphologies to form artificial fractures at different locations around the well, thereby communicating hydrocarbon reservoirs within the target wellbore region. The complex fracture form type comprises one of a near well reticular fracture, a single main fracture and a far well reticular fracture, a plurality of main fractures and far well reticular fractures. It should be noted that the complex fracture described in the present embodiment relates to, but is not limited to, the four fracture morphologies described above, and the present application is not limited to the type and number of the complex fracture morphology.
Furthermore, the invention is suitable for one or more of a vertical well, an inclined well and a horizontal well.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the well-surrounding environment of the target wellbore is the well-surrounding natural fracture development and the hydrocarbon reservoir development.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the injected (pumped) fluid is pumped into the formation by means of tubing or by means of tubing mixed with casing while each acid fracturing strategy is being implemented.
In an embodiment of the present invention, after determining the specific type of complex fracture morphology required for communicating with the oil and gas reservoir, the process proceeds to step S120, where a corresponding acid fracturing strategy is implemented for fractures of different morphology.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the present invention, a first acid fracturing strategy is applied to complex fractures of this type when the complex fracture is identified as a near-wellbore reticulated fracture. The first acid fracturing strategy comprises the steps of injecting acid liquor or injecting acid liquor and slickwater, activating, etching and communicating natural cracks around a well, and forming flow channels in different directions around the well. It should be noted that, when injecting the acid solution and the slickwater, the acid solution and the slickwater may be injected alternately, or the acid solution and the slickwater may also be injected separately. Additionally, no fracturing fluid is injected in the first acid fracturing strategy.
Further, in the first acid fracturing strategy, the total volume of the pumped liquid is 760-1270 m3. Specifically, if the acid liquid is injected, the total amount of the injected acid liquid satisfies the above-described condition. If acid liquor and slickwater are injected, the total volume of the injected acid liquor and the slickwater meets the total volume condition.
Further, in the first acid fracturing strategy, when injecting the acid solution and the slickwater, the volume of the injected acid solution accounts for 30-50% of the total volume of the injected liquid.
Further, in the first acid fracturing strategy, the discharge capacity of the pumped acid liquid or the pumped acid liquid and the slickwater is 0.5-3.0 m3And/min. Specifically, in one embodiment, when injecting acid, the pumping volume of acid is required to be from 0.5m at a preset first lift interval3The/min gradually increases to 3.0m3And/min. In another embodiment, when injecting acid solution and slickwater, if acid solution and slickwater with certain discharge capacity and pressure are injected alternately, the discharge capacity of each time of pumping acid solution or slickwater needs to be from 0.5m according to the preset first lifting interval3The/min is gradually increased to 3.0m3A/min (for example, a first stage of injecting a certain amount of acid solution, a second stage of injecting slick water at the discharge amount by increasing the discharge amount of the first lift interval based on the discharge amount of the first stage, and a third stage of increasing the discharge amount of the first lift interval based on the discharge amount of the second stageInjecting the acid solution under the discharge capacity; and so on until the above-mentioned condition of total volume of injected liquid is met).
It should be noted that the first lifting interval is set according to the actual engineering situation (mainly related to the ground stress, the density and the shape of the natural fracture, and the fluid loss rate of the injected liquid), and may be set before the first acid fracturing strategy is implemented, or may be adjusted at any time during the implementation of the first acid fracturing strategy, so as to achieve the effect that the displacement of the injected liquid is gradually lifted in a stepped manner, which is not specifically limited by the present invention.
Further, in the first acid fracturing strategy, no matter the acid solution or the acid solution and the slickwater are pumped, the viscosity of the acid solution or the acid solution and the slickwater is within the range of 10-30 mpa.s, namely, the acid solution or the slickwater meets the viscosity condition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs according to the embodiment of the present application after a first acid fracturing strategy is performed on near-well-network fractures. As shown in fig. 2, after a first acid fracturing strategy is applied to the near-well network joints, flow channels in different directions are formed in a 360-degree region (including the horizontal maximum stress and the horizontal minimum stress) on the periphery of the well, so that the purpose of communicating oil and gas reservoirs is achieved.
In one embodiment of the invention, (step S120) when the complex fracture is determined to be a single primary fracture and a far-well network fracture, a second fracturing strategy is applied to this type of complex fracture. Wherein the second pressure strategy is implemented in the following order (natural sequence of the stages): and in the first stage of fracturing, pumping fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater to expand and form a main crack, so that the crack extends to a far end, and the transformation distance is increased. And in the second stage of fracturing, acid liquor and slick water are alternately pumped in to activate the natural cracks at the far ends of the main cracks, so that branch reticular cracks are induced to form, and the transformation range is enlarged. It should be noted that when pumping the fracturing fluid and the slickwater, the fracturing fluid and the slickwater can be alternately injected, and the fracturing fluid and the slickwater can also be respectively injected.
Further, in the second acid pressure strategy, when acid liquid and slickwater are alternately pumped in the second stage, the acid liquid and slickwater are alternately injected further according to corresponding alternate time intervals preset in the acid pressure strategy corresponding to the current stage (second alternate time intervals preset in the second acid pressure strategy, specifically, the second alternate time intervals are mainly related to the volume and the discharge capacity of the injected liquid in the current alternate stage) until the condition of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage is met.
Further, in the second acid pressure strategy, the total volume of the pumped liquid is 920-1320 m3. Wherein in the first stage of pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, the total volume of the injected fluid is 360-600 m3. Meanwhile, in the second stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 560-720 m3. Specifically, in one embodiment, when the fracturing fluid is pumped in the first stage, the total volume of the injected fracturing fluid is 360-600 m3. In one embodiment, when the fracturing fluid and the slickwater are pumped in sequence in the first stage, the total volume of the injected fracturing fluid and slickwater is 360-600 m3Within the range. In another embodiment, when acid liquid and slickwater are alternately pumped in the second stage, the total volume of the injected acid liquid and slickwater is 560-720 m3。
Further, in the second acid pressure strategy, when acid and slickwater are alternately pumped in the second stage, the volume of the injected acid accounts for more than 60% of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage.
Further, in the second acid fracturing strategy, in the first stage of pumping the fracturing fluid, or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, the displacement of each injection fluid in each pumping process is more than 5.0m3And/min. Meanwhile, in the stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the displacement of each injected liquid in each pumping process is more than 7.0m3/min。
Furthermore, in the second acid fracturing strategy, the viscosity of the acid solution and the slickwater is within the range of 10-30 mPa.s and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is within the range of 40-80 mPa.s no matter in the first stage of fracturing or the second stage of fracturing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs according to the embodiment of the present application after implementing the second acid fracturing strategy for a single main fracture and a far well network fracture. As shown in fig. 3, after the second fracturing strategy is applied to the single main fracture and the far well network, the corresponding natural fracture is expanded at the far end of the main fracture, and the branched network is formed, so as to increase the range of the well-periphery oil and gas reservoirs capable of communicating.
In an embodiment of the present invention, (step S120) when the complex fracture is determined to be a plurality of primary fractures, a third acid fracturing strategy is applied to this type of complex fracture. Wherein, the third acid fracturing strategy is implemented according to the following (natural sequence of each stage) sequence: in the first stage of fracturing, acid liquor is pumped in at the crack initiation points of the multiple cracks around the well, or acid liquor and slickwater are pumped in to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well, flow channels are formed in different directions around the well, and meanwhile, conditions are provided for the propagation of the multi-branch main cracks from near-well initiation to far-well. And in the second stage of fracturing, in order to expand the multi-branch main fracture, pumping fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, so that the fractures in different directions around the well are expanded and extended towards a far end to form the branch main fracture and increase the transformation distance.
Further, in the third acid fracturing strategy, the types of fluids pumped need to include acid, fracturing fluid, and slickwater.
Further, in the third acid fracturing strategy, the total volume of the pumped liquid is 600-990 m3. Wherein, in the first stage of pumping acid liquor or pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 60-90 m3. Meanwhile, in the second stage of pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, the total volume of the injected fluid is 540-900 m3. Specifically, in one embodiment, when pumping the acid solution in the first stage, the total volume of the injected acid solution is 60-90 m3. In one embodiment, the acid and slickwater are pumped in a first stage while the acid and slickwater are pumped inThe total volume of the slickwater is 60-90 m3Within the range. In one embodiment, when the fracturing fluid is pumped in the second stage, the total volume of the injected fracturing fluid is 540-900 m3. In another embodiment, when the fracturing fluid is pumped in the second stage, the total volume of the injected fracturing fluid and slickwater is 540-900 m3Within the range of (1).
Further, in the third acid fracturing strategy, when acid and slickwater are pumped in the first stage, the volume of the injected acid is greater than 50% of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage. When the fracturing fluid and slickwater are pumped in the second stage, the volume of the injected fracturing fluid accounts for more than 60 percent of the total volume of the injected fluid in the current stage.
Further, in the third acid fracturing strategy, the discharge capacity of the acid liquid pumped in the first stage or the pumped acid liquid and the slickwater is 0.5-3.0 m3And/min. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid pumped in the second stage or the pumped fracturing fluid and slickwater is more than 5.0m3And/min. Specifically, in one embodiment, when pumping acid liquid in the first stage, the pumping acid liquid is discharged from the pump at a displacement of 0.5m according to the preset third lifting interval3The/min gradually increases to 3.0m3And/min. In one embodiment, when acid and slickwater are pumped in the first stage, if the acid and slickwater are alternately injected, the displacement of each time of pumping acid or slickwater needs to be from 0.5m according to the preset third lifting interval3The/min is gradually increased to 3.0m3/min。
It should be noted that the third lifting interval is set according to the actual engineering situation (mainly related to the ground stress, the density and the shape of the natural fracture, and the fluid loss rate of the injection liquid), and may be set before the third acid fracturing strategy is implemented, or may be adjusted at any time during the implementation of the third acid fracturing strategy, so as to achieve the effect that the displacement of the injection liquid is slowly lifted in steps, which is not specifically limited by the present invention.
In one embodiment, when the second stage is pumping fracturing fluid, the displacement of the injected fracturing fluid during the pumping process is greater than 5.0m3And/min. In one embodiment, the second stage fracturing fluid is mixed with the slickWhen water is used, if the fracturing fluid and the slickwater are alternately pumped, the discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid or the slickwater is more than 5.0m each time3/min。
Furthermore, in the third acid fracturing strategy, the viscosity of the acid solution and the slickwater is within the range of 10-30 mPa.s and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is within the range of 40-80 mPa.s no matter in the first stage of fracturing or the second stage of fracturing.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in a carbonate reservoir after a third acid fracturing strategy is performed on a plurality of main fractures according to the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 4, after the third acid fracturing strategy is applied to the plurality of main fractures, a plurality of connected natural fractures, namely flow channels, are formed at different directions around the well (360 degrees of the periphery of the well comprises a region with the highest horizontal stress and the lowest horizontal stress), and the plurality of branch main fractures are expanded, so that fractures at different directions around the well are expanded and extended towards the far end, the branch main fractures are formed, and the reconstruction distance is increased.
In one embodiment of the present invention, (step S120) when the complex fracture is determined to be a plurality of primary fractures and open-hole network fractures, a fourth acid fracturing strategy is applied to this type of complex fracture. Wherein, the fourth acid pressure strategy is implemented according to the following (natural sequence of each stage) sequence: in the first stage of fracturing, acid liquor or acid liquor and slickwater are pumped in at the crack initiation points of the multiple cracks around the well to activate, etch and communicate the natural cracks around the well, flow channels are formed in different directions around the well, and conditions are provided for the expansion of the multi-branch main cracks from near-well initiation to far-well. And in the second stage of fracturing, pumping fracturing fluid or pumping fracturing fluid and slickwater to expand the multi-branch main cracks, so that cracks in different directions around the well extend to a far end to form branch main cracks and increase the transformation distance. And in the third stage of fracturing, acid liquor and slickwater are alternately pumped in to activate natural fractures at the far ends of the main fractures in different directions, and branch fractures are induced to form for constructing the branch fractures for the far well, so that the transformation range is further increased.
Further, in the fourth acid fracturing strategy, the types of fluids pumped need to include acid, fracturing fluid, and slickwater.
Further, the method comprisesIn the fourth acid pressure strategy, the total volume of the pumped liquid is 1320-1890 m3. Wherein, in the first stage of pumping acid liquor or pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 60-90 m3. Meanwhile, in the second stage of pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater, the total volume of the injected fluid is 540-900 m3. Meanwhile, in the third stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 720-900 m3. Specifically, since the first two stages in the fourth acid fracturing strategy are similar to the two stages in the third acid fracturing strategy, they are not described herein again. In addition, in one embodiment, when in the third stage of the fourth acid pressing strategy, the total volume of the injected acid solution and the slickwater is 720-900 m3。
Further, in the fourth acid pressure strategy, when acid and slickwater are pumped in the first stage, the volume of the injected acid is more than 50% of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage. When the fracturing fluid and slickwater are pumped in the second stage, the volume of the injected fracturing fluid accounts for more than 60 percent of the total volume of the injected fluid in the current stage. When acid liquor and slickwater are alternately pumped in the third stage, the volume of the injected acid liquor accounts for more than 60 percent of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage.
Further, in the fourth acid pressing strategy, the discharge capacity of the acid liquid pumped in the first stage or the pumped acid liquid and the slickwater is 0.5-3.0 m3And/min. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid pumped in the second stage or the pumped fracturing fluid and slickwater is more than 5.0m3And/min. Meanwhile, the discharge capacity of acid liquor and slickwater pumped alternately in the third stage is more than 7.0m3And/min. Specifically, since the first two stages in the fourth acid fracturing strategy are similar to the two stages in the third acid fracturing strategy, they are not described herein again.
However, it should be noted that the displacement control method of pumping acid solution or acid solution and slickwater in the first stage of the fourth acid fracturing strategy needs to operate according to the displacement control method of the first stage of the third acid fracturing strategy and by using the preset fourth lifting interval, so that the operation is performedThe displacement of the injection liquid of the current stage is from 0.5m3Gradual/gradual increase of/min to 3.0m3And/min. The fourth lifting interval is set according to the actual application (mainly related to the ground stress, the density and the shape of the natural fracture, and the fluid loss rate of the injected liquid), and may be set before the fourth acid fracturing strategy is implemented, or may be adjusted at any time during the implementation of the fourth acid fracturing strategy, so as to achieve the effect that the displacement of the injected liquid is slowly lifted in a stepped manner, which is not specifically limited in the present invention.
In one embodiment, in the fourth acid pressure strategy, when acid liquid and slickwater are pumped alternately in the third stage, the displacement of each time of pumping acid liquid or slickwater is larger than 7.0m3/min。
Furthermore, in the fourth acid fracturing strategy, the viscosity of the acid solution and the slickwater is within the range of 10-30 mPa.s and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is within the range of 40-80 mPa.s no matter in the first fracturing stage, the second fracturing stage or the third fracturing stage.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of the acid fracturing method for complex fractures in a carbonate reservoir after a fourth acid fracturing strategy is implemented on a plurality of main fractures and far-well network fractures according to the embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, after the fourth acid fracturing strategy is applied to the plurality of main fractures and the far well network fractures, a plurality of connected natural fractures are formed at different directions around the well (360 ° around the well includes a region with the highest horizontal stress and the lowest horizontal stress), conditions are provided for the multi-branch main fractures to propagate from the near well to the far well, so that a plurality of branch main fractures are formed in different directions around the well, the natural fractures at the far ends of the main fractures in different directions are connected, and further, the far end branch fractures are induced to form, so that the transformation range is increased.
In step S120, the slickwater, the acid solution and the fracturing fluid satisfy the following composition conditions. In one embodiment, the composition of slickwater is: 0.3 percent of guanidine gum, 0.02 percent of sodium hydroxide and clear water.
In one embodiment, the composition of the fracturing fluid is: 0.5 percent of guanidine gum, 1.0 percent of demulsifier, 0.5 percent of temperature stabilizer, 0.02 percent of pH value regulator and 0.6 percent of organic boron crosslinking agent.
In one embodiment, the acid solution is selected from one or more of gelling acids or ground crosslinking acids. Wherein, the gelled acid comprises the following components: 20% of HCl, 0.7% of thickening agent, 2.0% of corrosion inhibitor, 1.0% of iron ion stabilizer and 1.0% of anti-emulsifying agent for fracture acidizing. The composition of the ground crosslinking acid is: 20% HCl + 0.7% thickener + 2.0% corrosion inhibitor + 1.0% demulsifier + 1.0% iron ion stabilizer + 0.7% cross-linker + 0.2% conditioner + 0.02% gel breaker.
In the following, the corresponding acid fracturing strategies implemented for complex fractures of different morphologies are demonstrated by way of example. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
Example 1
An acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the type of a complex fracture form required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir body according to the engineering geological condition of the region where a target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir body, wherein the type of the complex fracture form comprises one of a near-well reticular joint, a single main fracture and a far-well reticular joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well reticular joint;
and 2, implementing corresponding acid pressure strategies aiming at the complex fractures with different forms so as to form artificial fractures at different positions around the well, thereby communicating the oil and gas reservoirs in the target well hole area.
In example 1, the periwell and reservoir natural fractures develop, reservoir body hydrocarbons develop.
In example 1, the type of complex fracture morphology was determined as near-wellbore mesh fracture acid fracturing.
In example 1, the type of fluid entering the well is sour, slickwater.
In example 1, the total volume of the pumped liquid was 840m3。
In example 1, the acid solution was pumped in a first stage at 300m3The discharge capacity is controlled by 0.5m3Slow lifting of 2.0m per min step3Min; pumping slick water 400m in the second stage3Discharge capacity of 2.0m3Min; pumping acid liquor 120m in the third stage3The discharge capacity is controlled to be 2.0m3Slow lifting of 3.0m per min step3Min; pumping slickwater for 20m in the fourth stage3Discharge capacity of 3.0m3/min。
In example 1, the viscosity of the pumped acid solution, slickwater, was 10 mpa.s.
Example 2
An acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the type of a complex fracture form required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir body according to the engineering geological condition of the region where a target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir body, wherein the type of the complex fracture form comprises one of a near-well reticular joint, a single main fracture and a far-well reticular joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well reticular joint;
and 2, implementing corresponding acid pressure strategies aiming at the complex fractures with different forms so as to form artificial fractures at different positions around the well, thereby communicating the oil and gas reservoirs in the target well hole area.
In example 2, the periwell and reservoir natural fractures develop, reservoir body hydrocarbons develop.
In example 2, the complex fracture morphology was typed as single main fracture and open hole network fracture acid fracturing.
In example 2, the types of well fluids were fracturing fluid, acidizing fluid, slickwater.
In example 2, the total volume of the pumped liquid was 1020m3. Wherein the volume of the fracturing fluid pumped in the first stage is 420m3And the second stage alternately pumps acid liquid for 360m3240m of slickwater3。
In example 2, the first stage pump-in fracturing fluid displacement is 5.5-6.5m3Min, the discharge capacity of acid liquid and slickwater alternately pumped in the second stage is 7.0-8.0m3/min。
In example 2, the viscosity of the pumped acid, slickwater was 15mpa.s and the viscosity of the fracturing fluid was 60 mpa.s.
Example 3
An acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the type of a complex fracture form required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir body according to the engineering geological condition of the region where a target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir body, wherein the type of the complex fracture form comprises one of a near-well reticular joint, a single main fracture and a far-well reticular joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well reticular joint;
and 2, implementing corresponding acid pressure strategies aiming at the complex fractures with different forms so as to form artificial fractures at different positions around the well, thereby communicating the oil and gas reservoirs in the target well hole area.
In example 3, the periwell and reservoir natural fractures develop, reservoir body hydrocarbons develop.
In example 3, the type of complex fracture morphology was determined as multiple primary fracture acid fracturing.
In example 3, the types of well fluids were acid, fracturing fluid, slickwater.
In example 3, the total volume of the pumped liquid was 810m3. Wherein the volume of the acid liquid pumped in the first stage is 90m3The volume of the fracturing fluid pumped in the second stage is 440m3The volume of the pumped slickwater is 280m3。
In example 3, the first stage pumps acid solution at a displacement of 0.5m3The/min step is slowly lifted to 3.0m3Min, the discharge capacity of the fracturing fluid and the slickwater pumped in the second stage is 6.0-7.0m3/min。
In example 3, the viscosity of the pumped fracturing fluid was 80mpa.s, and the viscosity of the acid, slickwater was 10 mpa.s.
Example 4
An acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, comprising the steps of:
step 1, determining the type of a complex fracture form required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir body according to the engineering geological condition of the region where a target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir body, wherein the type of the complex fracture form comprises one of a near-well reticular joint, a single main fracture and a far-well reticular joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well reticular joint;
and 2, implementing corresponding acid pressure strategies aiming at the complex fractures with different forms so as to form artificial fractures at different positions around the well, thereby communicating the oil and gas reservoirs in the target well hole area.
In example 4, the periwell and reservoir natural fractures developed, reservoir body hydrocarbons developed.
In example 4, the type of complex fracture morphology was determined as multiple primary fractures and far well network fractures.
In example 4, the types of well fluids were fracturing fluid, acidizing fluid, slickwater.
In example 4, the total volume of the pumped liquid was 1610m3. Wherein the volume of the acid liquid pumped in the first stage is 70m3The second stage pumps in 480m of fracturing fluid3320m of slickwater3In the third stage, 460m acid liquid is alternately pumped in3280m of slickwater3。
In example 4, the first stage pumps acid solution at a displacement of 0.5m3The/min step is slowly lifted to 3.0m3Min, the discharge volume of fracturing fluid and slickwater pumped in the second stage is 7.0-8.0m3Min, the discharge capacity of acid liquor and slickwater pumped alternately in the third stage is 7.5-10.0m3/min。
In example 4, the viscosity of the pumped fracturing fluid was 60mpa.s, and the viscosity of the acid, slickwater was 20 mpa.s.
The invention relates to an acid fracturing method for complex fractures in a carbonate reservoir, which fully utilizes a well wall and natural fractures of the reservoir, provides corresponding construction schemes for different complex fractures by identifying the types of the complex fractures, forms complex artificial fractures, establishes a new oil-gas channel, and effectively communicates each oil-gas reservoir around a well, thereby realizing the improvement of the oil-gas production degree.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An acid fracturing method for complex fractures in carbonate reservoirs, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the type of complex fracture morphology required for communicating an oil-gas reservoir according to the engineering geological condition of the region where the target well bore is located and the state of the oil-gas reservoir, wherein the type of the complex fracture morphology comprises one of a near-well reticular joint, a single main fracture and a far-well reticular joint, a plurality of main fractures and a far-well reticular joint;
a strategy implementation step of implementing corresponding acid pressure strategies for complex fractures of different forms to form artificial fractures at different positions around the well to communicate the hydrocarbon reservoirs in the target well bore region, wherein in the strategy implementation step,
implementing a first acid fracturing strategy for complex fractures determined to be near-wellbore reticulated fractures, the first acid fracturing strategy comprising: injecting acid liquor; or injecting acid liquor and slickwater to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well, and forming flow channels in different directions around the well, wherein the discharge capacity of the pumped acid liquor or the acid liquor and slickwater is 0.5-3.0 m3Min, and the pressure of the pumped acid liquid or the acid liquid and the slickwater reaches 1.1MPa to 1.5MPa per hundred meters;
implementing a second fracturing strategy for complex fractures determined to be a single primary fracture and a far well network, the second fracturing strategy implemented in the following order: the first stage, implementing construction operation of pumping fracturing fluid or pumping fracturing fluid and slickwater aiming at the current second acid fracturing strategy so as to expand to form a main fracture and expand towards the far end of a well hole; in the second stage, acid liquor and slickwater are alternately pumped in to activate the natural cracks at the far ends of the main cracks and increase the transformation range;
implementing a third acid fracturing strategy for complex fractures determined to be a plurality of primary fractures, the third acid fracturing strategy implemented in the following order: pumping acid liquor or pumping acid liquor and slickwater at the crack initiation points of the multi-branch cracks around the well so as to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well and provide conditions for the multi-branch main cracks to expand from near-well crack initiation to far-well crack initiation; in the second stage, construction operation about pumping fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater aiming at the current third acid fracturing strategy is implemented to form a plurality of branch main cracks, so that the transformation distance is increased;
implementing a fourth acid fracturing strategy for complex fractures determined as a plurality of main fractures and open-hole network fractures, the fourth acid fracturing strategy being implemented in the following order: pumping acid liquor or pumping acid liquor and slickwater at the crack initiation points of the multi-branch cracks around the well so as to activate, etch and communicate natural cracks around the well and provide conditions for the multi-branch main cracks to expand from near-well crack initiation to far-well crack initiation; in the second stage, construction operation of pumping fracturing fluid or pumping fracturing fluid and slickwater is carried out aiming at the current fourth acid fracturing strategy to form a plurality of branch main cracks, so that the transformation distance is increased; and in the third stage, acid liquor and slickwater are alternately pumped in to activate the natural fractures at the far ends of the main fractures in different directions, so that the transformation range is increased.
2. The acid fracturing method according to claim 1, wherein in the first acid fracturing strategy, the total volume of the injected liquid is 760 to 1270m3When acid liquor and slickwater with certain discharge capacity and pressure are injected, the volume of the injected acid liquor accounts for 30-50% of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage, wherein the discharge capacity is 0.5-3.0 m3/min。
3. The acid fracturing method of claim 1, wherein in the second acid fracturing strategy, when the fracturing fluid or the fracturing fluid and slickwater stages are pumped, the total volume of the injected fluid is 360-600 m3(ii) a And the number of the first and second electrodes,
at the intersectionIn the stage of pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the total volume of the injected liquid is 560-720 m3Wherein the proportion of the acid liquid volume to the total volume of the injected liquid at the current stage is more than 60%.
4. The acid fracturing method of claim 1, wherein in the second acid fracturing strategy, the displacement of each injection fluid is greater than 5.0m when pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater during the stages of pumping the fracturing fluid or pumping the fracturing fluid and slickwater3Min; and the number of the first and second electrodes,
in the stage of alternately pumping acid liquor and slickwater, the discharge capacity of each injected liquid is greater than 7.0m3/min。
5. The acid fracturing method according to claim 1, wherein the total volume of the injected liquid is 60 to 90m in the stage of pumping the acid solution or pumping the acid solution and slickwater3And the volume of the acid liquor accounts for more than 50% of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage.
6. The acid fracturing method of claim 1, wherein in the third acid fracturing strategy, when the fracturing fluid or the fracturing fluid and slickwater stages are pumped, the total volume of the injected fluid is 540-900 m3Wherein the ratio of the volume of the fracturing fluid to the total volume of the injected fluid at the current stage is greater than 60%.
7. The acid fracturing method according to claim 1, wherein the total volume of the injected liquid is 720-900 m in the stages of alternately pumping acid solution and slickwater3And the volume of the acid liquor accounts for more than 60 percent of the total volume of the injected liquid in the current stage.
8. The acid fracturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fracturing fluid composition is: 0.5 percent of guanidine gum, 1.0 percent of demulsifier, 0.5 percent of temperature stabilizer, 0.02 percent of pH value regulator and 0.6 percent of organic boron crosslinking agent.
9. The acid fracturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the acid solution is selected from one or more of gelled acid and ground crosslinked acid, wherein the gelled acid comprises the following components: 20 percent of HCl, 0.7 percent of thickening agent, 2.0 percent of corrosion inhibitor, 1.0 percent of iron ion stabilizer and 1.0 percent of emulsifier for fracture acidizing,
further, the ground crosslinking acid consists of: 20% HCl + 0.7% thickener + 2.0% corrosion inhibitor + 1.0% demulsifier + 1.0% iron ion stabilizer + 0.7% cross-linker + 0.2% conditioner + 0.02% gel breaker.
10. The acid fracturing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the slickwater consists of: 0.3 percent of guanidine gum, 0.02 percent of sodium hydroxide and clear water.
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| CN113565481A (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2021-10-29 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for exploiting reservoir bodies in fractured zone |
| CN113969775A (en) * | 2020-07-22 | 2022-01-25 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Method for improving effective acid corrosion seam length of ultra-deep carbonate rock reservoir and application |
| CN114439442A (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2022-05-06 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Acid fracturing method for turning and circular seam hole-finding during temporary blocking of deep part in seam |
| CN114510757A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-05-17 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Acid fracturing reconstruction process method for hole finding through seam circulation |
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