CN110655794A - Preparation method of high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent - Google Patents
Preparation method of high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent Download PDFInfo
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L87/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds, obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds
- C08L87/005—Block or graft polymers not provided for in groups C08L1/00 - C08L85/04
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- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G81/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by interreacting polymers in the absence of monomers, e.g. block polymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
- C08K3/26—Carbonates; Bicarbonates
- C08K2003/265—Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
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- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/011—Nanostructured additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/04—Antistatic
Abstract
A preparation method of a polyether amide permanent antistatic agent with high hardness and high transparency belongs to the field of antistatic agents. The composition comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of polyether amide, 1-6 parts of alkali metal salt, 5-15 parts of surfactant, 0.2-2 parts of filling oil and 1-5 parts of inorganic filler. The preparation method mainly comprises two steps of (1) polymerizing long carbon chain polyamide and nylon 66 prepolymer with polyether to prepare polyether amide; (2) the polyether amide, the alkali metal salt, the surfactant, the extender oil and the inorganic filler are mixed and are prepared by an extrusion processing method. The method is simple and easy to operate, and the prepared permanent antistatic agent has high hardness, high transparency, lower surface resistivity and lasting antistatic effect, can be mixed with other resins to prepare antistatic materials, and has excellent comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent, belonging to the field of synthesis and preparation of high-performance materials.
Background
Since the polymer material has the characteristics of light weight, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, excellent mechanical properties, easy processing and the like, the market share of the polymer material is increasing in recent years, and the polymer material is gradually used in the fields of electronic products, buildings, packaging, offices, automobiles, military equipment, articles for daily use and the like. However, most of polymer materials belong to electrical insulating materials, have relatively high resistivity, are easy to accumulate charges during processing or use, are difficult to remove, and are easy to cause adverse effects due to accumulation of a large amount of charges. Once the high polymer material or finished product generates static electricity, the processing and performance of the material, the use and appearance of the product and the like are adversely affected, and meanwhile, a great potential safety hazard exists in some special industries, such as petroleum, chemical industry, coal mine, underground space operation and other industries, the accumulation of a large amount of static electricity can cause electric shock, fire and even explosion accidents, and the application of the high polymer material or finished product is limited due to the existence of the static electricity.
In order to solve the static problem of high polymer materials, carbon black, graphite, metal-based conductive filler or a traditional micromolecular antistatic agent is added to achieve the corresponding antistatic purpose, but the problems of uneven filler distribution, poor compatibility, easy precipitation, poor color and luster and the like generally exist, the antistatic effect is short, and the use of the materials is influenced.
Based on the research of organic polymer solid electrolyte, alkali metal salt is dissociated under the action of polar ether oxygen atoms in a polyether amorphous region, and the ion transfer process is realized by the repeated complexing-decomplexing process between metal ions and the ether oxygen atoms by means of the movement of polymer molecular chain segments, so that the purposes of releasing charges and resisting static electricity are achieved; therefore, the development of a permanent antistatic agent of high molecular weight is becoming a hot spot.
The polyether amide is a high-performance thermoplastic elastomer, consists of a polyamide hard segment and a polyether soft segment, has excellent wear resistance, solvent resistance, low-temperature property and rebound resilience, good dimensional stability, low water absorption, easy processing and the like, and is an indispensable high value-added material in the fields of automobiles, aerospace, sports goods, electronic machinery, osmotic separation and the like. Polyether amides, which are typical representatives of polymeric materials, also have relatively high surface resistivity, and in conjunction with their related applications, the development of permanent antistatic agents of polyether amides is essential.
At present, products related to the high-molecular permanent antistatic agent in the market are basically monopolized abroad, and mainly comprise MF, MH and MV series products in French Achima PEBAX, German Pasteur Irgastat P series antistatic agents, Pelestat and Peletron series antistatic agents formed by Sanyo Japan, and the like; for the production of the products, the price is still in the development stage in China, meanwhile, the adjustable hardness range of the products is limited, the high-hardness antistatic products are relatively few, and the like, and the factors limit the development and the application of the products.
In the prior art, the hard segment of the polyether amide elastomer is mostly composed of single polyamide, so that the high-molecular permanent antistatic agent developed based on the hard segment is difficult to realize the high hardness requirement; meanwhile, in the process of preparing the permanent antistatic agent by means of the coordination complex of the polyether and the alkali metal salt, if a good antistatic effect is achieved, the alkali metal salt is mostly a crystalline salt, and in the simple melt extrusion processing process of the polyether amide, the phenomenon that the color of a product is blackened and grayed due to serious salt aggregation or thermal oxidation exists, so that the preparation of the permanent antistatic agent with high transparency is not facilitated.
In order to meet the market demand for high-performance polymer permanent antistatic agents, it is necessary to develop polyether amide permanent antistatic agents with high hardness and high transparency by combining the above analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems to make up the defects of the prior art and provide a preparation method of a polyether amide permanent antistatic agent with high hardness and high transparency.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the following technical scheme is adopted:
a high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent comprises the following components in parts by mass: 80-100 parts of polyether amide, 1-6 parts of alkali metal salt, 5-15 parts of surfactant, 0.2-2 parts of filling oil and 1-5 parts of inorganic filler. The preparation method mainly comprises two steps of (1) polymerizing long carbon chain polyamide and nylon 66 prepolymer with polyether to prepare polyether amide; (2) the polyether amide permanent antistatic agent with high hardness and high transparency is prepared by mixing polyether amide, alkali metal salt, surfactant, filling oil and inorganic filler and adopting an extrusion processing method.
In particular, the polyetheramide can be prepared using a one-step process, a two-step process, preferably selected from the two-step processes.
Specifically, the long carbon chain polyamide is polymerized from a polyamide salt comprising a combination of a diamine having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a diacid having 10 to 18 carbon atoms, and is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyamide 1010 salt, polyamide 1012 salt, polyamide 1211 salt, polyamide 1212 salt, and the like.
Specifically, the polyether is selected from hydroxyl-terminated or amino-terminated polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, amino-terminated polyoxyethylene ether, amino-terminated polyoxypropylene ether and polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol, and the molecular weight of the polyether is preferably 1000-5000 g/mol.
Specifically, the alkali metal salt is selected from one or more of perchloric acid, oxalatoboric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, lithium, sodium, potassium metal salts of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, and preferably from lithium perchlorate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Specifically, the surfactant is selected from alkyl sulfonate with a carbon chain length of 10-20, preferably selected from sodium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium tetradecyl sulfonate.
Specifically, the extender oil is selected from white oil, silicone oil, and the like.
Specifically, the inorganic filler is selected from nano calcium carbonate, nano montmorillonite, talcum powder and the like, preferably selected from nano calcium carbonate, and the particle size of the inorganic filler is 1-100 nm.
The preparation method of the high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of polyether amide: adding 20-40 parts of long carbon chain polyamide salt and 10-60 parts of nylon 66 salt into a reaction kettle, then adding a capping agent accounting for 5-15% of the total weight of the polyamide salt, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 200-220 ℃, maintaining the pressure for 1-2 hours after the pressure reaches 1.5-2.5 MPa, then releasing the pressure to normal pressure, and heating to 220-240 ℃ for reaction for 1-2 hours to obtain a polyamide prepolymer;
and (2) adding 20-50 parts of polyether into the obtained polyamide prepolymer, adding an antioxidant and a catalyst accounting for 0.5-3% of the total weight, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 210-230 ℃ for reaction for 1-2 hours, heating to 240-260 ℃ and vacuumizing, reacting for 2-3 hours under the pressure of 0.05-5 KPa, filling nitrogen and discharging, and carrying out bracing and granulating to obtain the polyether amide elastomer.
(2) Preparation of high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent: and (2) adding alkali metal salt, surfactant, filling oil and inorganic filler into the obtained polyether amide elastomer, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a high-speed stirrer, and then drawing the mixture into strips and cutting the strips into granules by using a double-screw extrusion processing method to obtain the polyether amide permanent antistatic agent with high hardness and high transparency.
Specifically, the end-capping reagent in step (1) is selected from dicarboxylic acids such as sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, adipic acid and the like.
Specifically, the antioxidant in the step (1) is selected from antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1098 and the like, and the catalyst is selected from tetrabutyl titanate, tetrabutyl zirconate and the like.
Specifically, the processing temperature of the twin-screw in the step (2) is 170-220 ℃, and the rotating speed of the screw is 200-300 r/min.
The preparation method disclosed by the invention is simple in process and easy to operate; the polyether amide elastomer is prepared from wide raw material sources, long carbon chain polyamide is combined with nylon 66 in the hard section, and the finally synthesized elastomer has good elasticity and high hardness, and the hardness can be adjusted according to the content of the hard section and the soft section; the prepared permanent polyether amide antistatic agent has high hardness, good transparency and lasting antistatic property, does not have the problems of precipitation and the like, and has good antistatic property and long service lifeThe humidity requirement is low; the surfactant is added to soak and disperse alkali metal salt, so that the problem of chromaticity is solved, and a small amount of inorganic filler is added to reinforce the color. The high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent prepared by the invention has the Shore hardness of 50-90D and the surface resistivity of 106～108Omega/sq. In conclusion, the polyether amide permanent antistatic agent prepared by the invention has excellent comprehensive performance and can be widely applied to the fields requiring antistatic, such as electronic equipment, precision instrument parts and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a product prepared in example 1 showing transparency.
Fig. 2 is a photograph of a product prepared in example 2 showing transparency.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Adding 250g of polyamide 1010 salt and 250g of nylon 66 salt into a reaction kettle, then adding 50g of sebacic acid, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 210 ℃, keeping the pressure for 2 hours when the pressure reaches 2.0MPa, then releasing the pressure to normal pressure, heating to 230 ℃, and reacting for 1.5 hours to obtain a co-prepolymer of polyamide 1010 and nylon 66;
and (2) adding 500g of polyethylene glycol, 10g of antioxidant 1010 and 3g of tetrabutyl titanate into the obtained polyamide prepolymer, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, then heating to 250 ℃ and vacuumizing, reacting for 3 hours under the pressure of 3KPa, filling nitrogen, discharging, drawing strips, and granulating to obtain the polyether amide elastomer.
(2) And (2) adding 40g of lithium perchlorate, 120g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 15g of white oil and 30g of nano calcium carbonate particles into the obtained polyether amide elastomer, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a high-speed stirrer, adding the mixture into a double-screw charging barrel, extruding and processing the mixture at the temperature of 180-210 ℃ and the screw rotating speed of 230r/min, and drawing and granulating the mixture to obtain the high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent.
Example 2
(1) Adding 200g of polyamide 1211 salt and 400g of nylon 66 salt into a reaction kettle, then adding 40g of adipic acid, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 220 ℃, keeping the pressure for 2 hours after the pressure reaches 2.2MPa, then releasing the pressure to normal pressure, heating to 240 ℃ and reacting for 2 hours to obtain a co-prepolymer of polyamide 1211 and nylon 66;
and (2) adding 400g of polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol, 12g of antioxidant 1010 and 5g of tetrabutyl titanate into the obtained polyamide co-prepolymer, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 215 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, then heating to 260 ℃ and vacuumizing, reacting for 3 hours under the pressure of 1KPa, introducing nitrogen and discharging, and stretching and dicing to obtain the polyether amide elastomer.
(2) And (2) adding 35g of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, 100g of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 12g of white oil and 40g of nano calcium carbonate particles into the obtained polyether amide elastomer, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a high-speed stirrer, adding the mixture into a double-screw charging barrel, extruding and processing the mixture at the temperature of 180-220 ℃ and the screw rotating speed of 280r/min, and drawing and granulating the mixture to obtain the high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent.
Example 3
(1) Adding 350g of polyamide 1212 salt and 200g of nylon 66 salt into a reaction kettle, then adding 60g of adipic acid, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the reaction kettle, heating to 215 ℃, keeping the pressure for 2 hours after the pressure reaches 2.0MPa, then releasing the pressure to normal pressure, and heating to 240 ℃ to react for 2 hours to obtain a polyamide 1212 and nylon 66 co-prepolymer;
and (2) adding 450g of amino-terminated polyoxypropylene ether, 8g of antioxidant 1098 and 4g of tetrabutyl zirconate into the obtained polyamide prepolymer, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 220 ℃ for reaction for 2 hours, then heating to 250 ℃ and vacuumizing, reacting for 3 hours under the pressure of 2KPa, filling nitrogen and discharging, and stretching and granulating to obtain the polyether amide elastomer.
(2) And (2) adding 25g of lithium perchlorate, 100g of sodium tetradecyl sulfonate, 10g of white oil and 50g of nano calcium carbonate particles into the obtained polyether amide elastomer, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a high-speed stirrer, adding the mixture into a double-screw charging barrel, extruding and processing the mixture at the temperature of 180-200 ℃ and the screw rotating speed of 200r/min, and drawing and granulating the mixture to obtain the high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent.
The properties of the products prepared in the examples of the invention were as follows, including the hardness, surface resistivity of the newly prepared products and the surface resistivity after one week of rinsing in water (the surface resistivity after one week of rinsing still meets the application requirements).
Table 1 performance index for each example:
the above examples are illustrative only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparation of polyether amide: adding long-carbon-chain polyamide salt and nylon 66 salt into a reaction kettle, adding a blocking agent, introducing nitrogen to replace air in the kettle, heating to 200-220 ℃, maintaining the pressure for 1-2 hours after the pressure reaches 1.5-2.5 MPa, then releasing the pressure to normal pressure, heating to 220-240 ℃, and reacting for 1-2 hours to obtain a polyamide prepolymer;
adding polyether into the obtained polyamide prepolymer, adding an antioxidant and a catalyst, introducing nitrogen to replace air in a kettle, heating to 210-230 ℃ for reaction for 1-2 h, then heating to 240-260 ℃ and vacuumizing, reacting for 2-3 h under the pressure of 0.05-5 KPa, introducing nitrogen and discharging, and performing bracing and granulating to obtain a polyether amide elastomer;
(2) preparation of high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent: and (2) adding alkali metal salt, surfactant, filling oil and inorganic filler into the obtained polyether amide elastomer, uniformly mixing the mixture by using a high-speed stirrer, and then drawing the mixture into strips and cutting the strips into granules by using a double-screw extrusion processing method to obtain the polyether amide permanent antistatic agent with high hardness and high transparency.
2. The method for preparing the high-hardness and high-transparency permanent antistatic agent of polyether amide according to claim 1, wherein the 20-40 parts of long carbon chain polyamide salt in the step (1) corresponds to 10-60 parts of nylon 66 salt, 5-15% of end capping agent, 20-50 parts of polyether, 0.5-3% of antioxidant and catalyst, which are in mass relation.
3. The method for preparing a high-hardness and high-transparency permanent antistatic agent of polyetheramide according to claim 1, wherein the blocking agent in the step (1) is selected from dicarboxylic acids such as sebacic acid, undecanedioic acid, adipic acid, etc.; the antioxidant in the step (1) is selected from antioxidant 1010, antioxidant 1098 and the like, and the catalyst is selected from tetrabutyl titanate, tetrabutyl zirconate and the like.
4. The method for preparing the high-hardness and high-transparency polyether amide permanent antistatic agent as claimed in claim 1, wherein the twin-screw processing temperature in the step (2) is 170-220 ℃, and the screw rotation speed is 200-300 r/min.
5. The method for preparing the high-hardness and high-transparency permanent antistatic agent of the polyether amide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the polyether amide is 80 to 100 parts by weight, the alkali metal salt is 1 to 6 parts by weight, the surfactant is 5 to 15 parts by weight, the extender oil is 0.2 to 2 parts by weight, and the inorganic filler is 1 to 5 parts by weight.
6. The method for preparing a high-hardness and high-transparency permanent antistatic agent of polyetheramide according to claim 1, wherein the long-carbon-chain polyamide is an aliphatic polyamide obtained by polymerizing a diamine having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and a diacid having 10 to 18 carbon atoms; the polyether is selected from hydroxyl-terminated or amino-terminated polyethers such as polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, amino-terminated polyoxyethylene ether, amino-terminated polyoxypropylene ether, polytetrahydrofuran ether glycol and the like; the alkali metal salt is selected from one or more of perchloric acid, oxalic acid boric acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, tetrafluoroboric acid, lithium, sodium and potassium metal salts of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid; the surfactant is selected from alkyl sulfonate with a carbon chain length of 10-20.
7. The process for preparing a high-hardness, high-transparency permanent antistatic agent of polyetheramide according to claim 6, wherein the long-carbon-chain polyamide salt is selected from the group consisting of polyamide 1010 salt, polyamide 1012 salt, polyamide 1211 salt, polyamide 1212 salt; the molecular weight of the polyether is 1000-5000 g/mol; the alkali metal salt is selected from lithium perchlorate and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate; the surfactant is selected from sodium dodecyl sulfonate and sodium tetradecyl sulfonate.
8. The method for preparing a high-hardness, high-transparency permanent polyether amide antistatic agent according to claim 6, wherein the extender oil is selected from the group consisting of white oil, silicone oil; the inorganic filler is selected from nano calcium carbonate, nano montmorillonite and talcum powder, preferably selected from nano calcium carbonate, and the particle size of the inorganic filler is 1-100 nm.
9. A high hardness, high transparency polyetheramide permanent antistatic agent prepared according to the process of any one of claims 1 to 8.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117447366A (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-01-26 | 广州梵泰新材料科技有限公司 | Antistatic agent and preparation method and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200107 |