CN110655730A - Extruded sheet and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Extruded sheet and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110655730A CN110655730A CN201910922462.1A CN201910922462A CN110655730A CN 110655730 A CN110655730 A CN 110655730A CN 201910922462 A CN201910922462 A CN 201910922462A CN 110655730 A CN110655730 A CN 110655730A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
- C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
- C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
- C08J9/141—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0023—Use of organic additives containing oxygen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/0014—Use of organic additives
- C08J9/0028—Use of organic additives containing nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/009—Use of pretreated compounding ingredients
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/14—Saturated hydrocarbons, e.g. butane; Unspecified hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2203/00—Foams characterized by the expanding agent
- C08J2203/18—Binary blends of expanding agents
- C08J2203/182—Binary blends of expanding agents of physical blowing agents, e.g. acetone and butane
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2325/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2325/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2325/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2325/06—Polystyrene
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an extruded sheet which comprises, by mass, 120 parts of polystyrene 100-4 parts, 2-4 parts of a nucleating agent, 20-50 parts of a flame retardant and 3-8 parts of a foaming agent. A preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: the production method comprises the following steps of feeding 100-120 parts by mass of polystyrene, 2-4 parts by mass of nucleating agent and 20-50 parts by mass of flame retardant into a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeder, fully plasticizing in the extruder, then injecting 3-8 parts by mass of foaming agent, fully mixing and cooling the foaming agent with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder, extruding through a die, rapidly releasing pressure after extruding through the die, rapidly expanding the foaming agent wrapped by plastic to form closed cells, forming a foamed plate with the honeycomb closed cells by polystyrene plastic under the action of the cells, and cutting and forming to obtain the extruded plate. The invention perfectly combines the high temperature resistance and the flame resistance of the polystyrene, the modified colemanite and the nucleating agent together, so that the extruded sheet not only has the heat preservation characteristic, but also can effectively resist flame.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials and preparation methods thereof, in particular to an extruded sheet and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The polystyrene foam plastic is divided into an expandable EPS and a continuous extrusion XPS, compared with an EPS plate, the XPS plate is a third-generation hard foaming thermal insulation material, overcomes the complex production process of the EPS plate from the process aspect, and has superior performance which cannot be replaced by the EPS plate. The plate is a plate which is made of polystyrene resin and other additives through an extrusion process and has a continuous uniform surface layer and a closed-cell honeycomb structure, gaps are not generated in the thick plates of the honeycomb structure at all, the heat-insulating material with the closed-cell structure can have different pressures (150-500Kpa), has the same low heat conductivity coefficient (only 0.028W/M.K) and excellent heat-insulating and pressure-resisting performances, and has the compression strength of 220-500 Kpa. The XPS extruded sheet extruded polystyrene is a novel building material which is generally popularized and applied in China, and the novel environment-friendly material which changes waste plastics into valuables becomes a novel building material which is generally popularized in the building industry due to excellent high strength, pressure resistance, excellent heat insulation, light weight, convenient use, high-quality hydrophobicity, moisture resistance, environment-friendly performance, stability and corrosion resistance. It is widely used for wall and floor heat preservation.
The novel heat-insulating building material extruded sheet (fully called as heat-insulating extruded polystyrene foam plastic) in the building industry is a novel energy-saving material generally pushed by national production equipment. In order to reduce the construction cost, some construction enterprises steal labor and reduce materials, and a large amount of ordinary boards without flame retardants are used, so that the heat-insulating outer garments of buildings become inflammable substances. In order to make the extruded sheet not only have the heat preservation characteristic, but also effectively resist flame, the extruded sheet and the manufacturing method of the extruded sheet need to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, an extruded sheet and a manufacturing method of the extruded sheet are provided.
The invention is realized by the following scheme:
an extruded sheet comprises, by mass, 120 parts of polystyrene 100-4 parts, 2-4 parts of a nucleating agent, 20-50 parts of a flame retardant and 3-8 parts of a foaming agent.
The flame retardant is modified colemanite, and the modified colemanite is modified by hexadecanol.
The nucleating agent comprises oligoamide and calcium phthalate, and the mass ratio of the oligoamide to the calcium phthalate is 1: 1.
The foaming agent is composed of n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1.
A preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: the production method comprises the following steps of feeding 100-120 parts by mass of polystyrene, 2-4 parts by mass of nucleating agent and 20-50 parts by mass of flame retardant into a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeder, fully plasticizing in the extruder, then injecting 3-8 parts by mass of foaming agent, fully mixing and cooling the foaming agent with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder, extruding through a die, rapidly releasing pressure after extruding through the die, rapidly expanding the foaming agent wrapped by plastic to form closed cells, forming a foamed plate with the honeycomb closed cells by polystyrene plastic under the action of the cells, and cutting and forming to obtain the extruded plate.
The preparation method of the modified colemanite comprises the following steps:
A. oxalic acid is used as a leaching agent, and the colemanite is bleached by adopting an organic acid leaching method, wherein the concentration of the oxalic acid is 0.3-0.5mol/L, the leaching temperature is 70-90 ℃, the leaching time is 80-100min, and the concentration of the colemanite is 500-700 g/L;
B. b, mixing the bleached colemanite in the step A with a sodium silicate solution, and heating and stirring;
C. adding inorganic acid to adjust the pH value to 8-9, adding hexadecanol to carry out stirring reaction for 1-3 hours, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain the modified colemanite finished product.
In the step B, the heating and stirring temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction time is 4-5 hours, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate solute to the colemanite is 1-5: 100.
In the step C, the mass ratio of the inorganic acid hydrochloric acid, the hexadecanol and the colemanite is 2-8: 100.
The nucleating agent comprises oligoamide and calcium phthalate, and the mass ratio of the oligoamide to the calcium phthalate is 1: 1.
The foaming agent is composed of n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the extruded sheet and the manufacturing method of the extruded sheet perfectly combine the high temperature resistance, the flame retardance and the fire resistance of the polystyrene, the modified colemanite and the nucleating agent together, so that the extruded sheet not only has the heat preservation characteristic, but also can effectively retard the flame.
Detailed Description
An extruded sheet comprises, by mass, 120 parts of polystyrene 100-4 parts, 2-4 parts of a nucleating agent, 20-50 parts of a flame retardant and 3-8 parts of a foaming agent.
The flame retardant is modified colemanite, and the modified colemanite is modified by hexadecanol.
The nucleating agent comprises oligoamide and calcium phthalate, and the mass ratio of the oligoamide to the calcium phthalate is 1: 1.
The foaming agent is composed of n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1.
A preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: the production method comprises the following steps of feeding 100-120 parts by mass of polystyrene, 2-4 parts by mass of nucleating agent and 20-50 parts by mass of flame retardant into a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeder, fully plasticizing in the extruder, then injecting 3-8 parts by mass of foaming agent, fully mixing and cooling the foaming agent with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder, extruding through a die, rapidly releasing pressure after extruding through the die, rapidly expanding the foaming agent wrapped by plastic to form closed cells, forming a foamed plate with the honeycomb closed cells by polystyrene plastic under the action of the cells, and cutting and forming to obtain the extruded plate.
The plastic extruder may be classified into a single screw extruder, a twin screw extruder and a multi-screw extruder according to the number of screws thereof. At present, the single-screw extruder is most widely applied and is suitable for extrusion processing of common materials. The double-screw extruder has the advantages of less heat generated by friction, more uniform shearing of materials, higher conveying capacity of screws, more stable extrusion amount, long retention of the materials in a machine barrel and uniform mixing. In the preparation method of the present application, the specific internal structures, working principles and processes of the first-stage plastic extruder and the second-stage extruder are known technologies, and are not described herein again.
The preparation method of the modified colemanite comprises the following steps:
A. oxalic acid is used as a leaching agent, and the colemanite is bleached by adopting an organic acid leaching method, wherein the concentration of the oxalic acid is 0.3-0.5mol/L, the leaching temperature is 70-90 ℃, the leaching time is 80-100min, and the concentration of the colemanite is 500-700 g/L;
in the application, the concentration of oxalic acid adopted by bleaching is 0.4mol/L, the leaching temperature is 80 ℃, the leaching time is 90min, the pulp concentration is 600g/L, the whiteness is increased from 49.5% to 60.3% after bleaching, the whiteness is improved by 10%, and the appearance of the application is remarkably improved.
B. B, mixing the bleached colemanite in the step A with a sodium silicate solution, and heating and stirring;
C. adding inorganic acid to adjust the pH value to 8-9, adding hexadecanol to carry out stirring reaction for 1-3 hours, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain the modified colemanite finished product.
In the step B, the heating and stirring temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction time is 4-5 hours, and the mass ratio of the sodium silicate solute to the colemanite is 1-5: 100. In the step C, the mass ratio of the inorganic acid hydrochloric acid, the hexadecanol and the colemanite is 2-8: 100.
The performance of the modified colemanite finished product is detected, the unmodified colemanite is hydrophilic, the contact angle is 0 degree, and the contact angle of the modified colemanite is changed along with the change of the mass ratio of the hexadecanol to the colemanite. When the mass ratio of the hexadecanol to the colemanite is 2:100, the contact angle of the modified colemanite is 58 degrees; when the mass ratio of the hexadecanol to the colemanite is 4:100, the contact angle of the modified colemanite is 107 degrees; when the mass ratio of the hexadecanol to the colemanite is 8:100, the contact angle of the modified colemanite is 129 degrees; as the amount of cetyl alcohol added increased, the contact angle increased.
The existing common modification is to adopt a silane coupling agent or carry out reaction in a high-temperature organic solvent environment, and the methods have the problem of higher cost and are not beneficial to cost control of construction enterprises. According to the method, the colemanite is modified by using hexadecanol as a modifier, the hexadecanol and the surface of the colemanite form chemical bonding, the hydrophobic alkyl chain of the hexadecanol is arranged outwards, the surface property of the colemanite is changed, the hydrophilicity is changed into the hydrophobicity, the modification condition is the pH value, and the temperature is below the boiling point of water.
The nucleating agent comprises oligoamide and calcium phthalate, and the mass ratio of the oligoamide to the calcium phthalate is 1: 1. The foaming agent is composed of n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1.
The nucleating agent is a new functional assistant which is suitable for incomplete crystallization plastics such as polyethylene, polypropylene and the like, accelerates the crystallization rate, increases the crystallization density and promotes the grain size to be micronized by changing the crystallization behavior of resin, thereby achieving the purposes of shortening the molding period, and improving the physical and mechanical properties such as the transparency, the surface gloss, the tensile strength, the rigidity, the heat distortion temperature, the impact resistance, the creep resistance and the like of products.
The nucleating agent can improve the crystallization temperature, the crystallinity and the crystallization rate of the extruded sheet, reduce the spherulite size of the extruded sheet, increase the crystal nucleus density and obviously improve the crystallization performance of the extruded sheet. When the nucleating agent is not added or the addition amount of the nucleating agent is as small as 2 parts, the spherulites of the extruded sheet are complete, and through the analysis and research of an X-ray diffractometer and an orthogonal polarization microscope, when the content of the nucleating agent is 4 parts, the spherulites of the extruded sheet are small, and the addition of the nucleating agent can effectively reduce the size of the spherulites and reduce the perfection of the spherulites.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples:
example 1:
a preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of feeding 100 parts of polystyrene, 4 parts of nucleating agent and 50 parts of flame retardant into a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeding machine, fully plasticizing in the extruder, then injecting 8 parts of foaming agent, fully mixing and cooling the foaming agent with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder, extruding through a die, rapidly releasing pressure after extruding through the die, rapidly expanding the foaming agent wrapped by the plastic to form closed cells, forming a foamed plate with the honeycomb closed cells by the polystyrene plastic under the action of the cells, and cutting and forming to obtain the extruded plate.
Example 2:
a preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: the production method comprises the following steps of feeding 120 parts of polystyrene, 2 parts of nucleating agent and 20 parts of flame retardant into a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeding machine, fully plasticizing in the extruder, then injecting 3 parts of foaming agent, fully mixing and cooling the foaming agent with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder, extruding through a die, rapidly releasing pressure after extruding through the die, rapidly expanding the foaming agent wrapped by the plastic to form closed cells, forming a foamed plate with the honeycomb closed cells by the polystyrene plastic under the action of the cells, and cutting and forming to obtain the extruded plate.
Example 3:
a preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 110 parts of polystyrene, 3 parts of nucleating agent and 30 parts of flame retardant enter a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeding machine, 5 parts of foaming agent is injected after the polystyrene, the foaming agent is fully mixed with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder and is extruded through a die after being cooled, the pressure is rapidly released after the foaming agent is extruded through the die, the foaming agent wrapped by the plastic is rapidly expanded to form closed cells, the polystyrene plastic forms a foaming plate with the honeycomb closed cells under the action of the cells, and the foaming plate can be obtained through cutting and forming.
Comparative example:
a preparation method of an extruded sheet comprises the following steps: according to the mass parts, 110 parts of polystyrene and 3 parts of nucleating agent enter a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeding machine, 5 parts of foaming agent is injected after the polystyrene and the nucleating agent are fully plasticized in the extruder, the foaming agent is fully mixed with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder and is extruded through a die after being cooled, the pressure is rapidly released after the foaming agent is extruded through the die, the foaming agent wrapped by the plastic is rapidly expanded to form closed cells, the polystyrene plastic forms a foaming plate with the honeycomb closed cells under the action of the cells, and the foaming plate can be obtained through cutting and forming.
The performance test is carried out on the extruded sheets prepared in the three examples and the comparative example, the results are shown in table 1, and the data in table 1 show that after the flame retardant is added, the oxygen index cannot be measured because the flame combustion cannot be achieved in examples 1-3, which indicates that the extruded sheet has good flame retardant performance. The extruded sheet of the comparative example has a flame retardant rating of B2 (oxygen index is more than 26% and less than 30%), the minimum value of the total heat value of combustion of examples 1-3 is 2.6MJ/kg, the maximum value is 2.9MJ/kg, and the total heat value of combustion is less than 3MJ/kg, namely, the flame retardant rating of the extruded sheet of the invention reaches A according to the building material and product combustion performance rating (GB 8624-2006).
TABLE 1 Material Property parameters of examples and comparative examples
Although the invention has been described and illustrated in some detail, it should be understood that various modifications may be made to the described embodiments or equivalents may be substituted, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. An extruded sheet is characterized by comprising, by mass, 120 parts of polystyrene 100-120 parts, 2-4 parts of a nucleating agent, 20-50 parts of a flame retardant and 3-8 parts of a foaming agent.
2. An extruded sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the flame retardant is modified colemanite, and the modified colemanite is modified by hexadecanol.
3. An extruded sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the nucleating agent comprises oligoamide and calcium phthalate, and the mass ratio of the oligoamide to the calcium phthalate is 1: 1.
4. An extruded sheet according to claim 1, wherein: the foaming agent is composed of n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1.
5. A method for producing an extruded sheet according to claims 1-4, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: the production method comprises the following steps of feeding 100-120 parts by mass of polystyrene, 2-4 parts by mass of nucleating agent and 20-50 parts by mass of flame retardant into a first-stage plastic extruder through a feeder, fully plasticizing in the extruder, then injecting 3-8 parts by mass of foaming agent, fully mixing and cooling the foaming agent with other raw materials in a second-stage extruder, extruding through a die, rapidly releasing pressure after extruding through the die, rapidly expanding the foaming agent wrapped by plastic to form closed cells, forming a foamed plate with the honeycomb closed cells by polystyrene plastic under the action of the cells, and cutting and forming to obtain the extruded plate.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the modified colemanite is prepared by the method comprising the steps of:
A. oxalic acid is used as a leaching agent, and the colemanite is bleached by adopting an organic acid leaching method, wherein the concentration of the oxalic acid is 0.3-0.5mol/L, the leaching temperature is 70-90 ℃, the leaching time is 80-100min, and the concentration of the colemanite is 500-700 g/L;
B. b, mixing the bleached colemanite in the step A with a sodium silicate solution, and heating and stirring;
C. adding inorganic acid to adjust the pH value to 8-9, adding hexadecanol to carry out stirring reaction for 1-3 hours, and carrying out suction filtration, washing and drying to obtain the modified colemanite finished product.
7. The method for preparing an extruded sheet according to claim 6, wherein in the step B, the heating and stirring temperature is 80 ℃, the reaction time is 4-5 hours, and the mass ratio of the sodium metasilicate solute to the colemanite is 1-5: 100.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein in the step C, the mass ratio of the inorganic acid hydrochloric acid, the hexadecanol and the colemanite is 2-8: 100.
9. The method for manufacturing an extruded sheet according to claim 5, wherein: the nucleating agent comprises oligoamide and calcium phthalate, and the mass ratio of the oligoamide to the calcium phthalate is 1: 1.
10. The method for manufacturing an extruded sheet according to claim 5, wherein: the foaming agent is composed of n-pentane and isopentane according to the mass ratio of 4.5-5.5: 1.
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Application publication date: 20200107 |