CN110655193B - Composite construction method of large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland - Google Patents
Composite construction method of large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland Download PDFInfo
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- CN110655193B CN110655193B CN201911038810.5A CN201911038810A CN110655193B CN 110655193 B CN110655193 B CN 110655193B CN 201911038810 A CN201911038810 A CN 201911038810A CN 110655193 B CN110655193 B CN 110655193B
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 4
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/08—Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
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- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Treatment Of Biological Wastes In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite construction method of a large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland, which comprises the following steps: A. decomposing the large or abnormal artificial wetland into one or more groups; B. each group of constructed wetland is divided into 2-level or more regular constructed wetland treatment units, and the adjacent 2 regular constructed wetland treatment units are connected by a transition section, wherein: the regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises a regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and/or a regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the transition section comprises a horizontal subsurface flow wetland type transition section or a surface flow wetland type transition section; C. if step B cannot be achieved, repeating step A and adjusting the packet. According to the invention, through the combination of the regular constructed wetland treatment unit and the transition section rectification, the effective utilization of irregular plots is realized, the construction of large-scale and ultra-large-scale constructed wetlands is facilitated, the treatment efficiency of the constructed wetland is improved, and the service life of the constructed wetland is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of resources and environment, and particularly relates to a composite construction method of a large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland, which is suitable for effectively treating rainwater, sewage and drinking water sources and water treatment of the large-scale or abnormal-shaped constructed wetland.
Background
The artificial wetland system is a complete ecological system, can form good circulation inside, organically combines the treatment of rainwater and sewage or the treatment of micro-polluted drinking water with the ecological construction of the environment, and can create new ecological landscapes and beautify the environment while treating the rainwater and sewage or the water of the organic micro-polluted water source. The constructed wetland has become an important means in the current resource and environment fields, and the excellent effect and adaptability of the constructed wetland also enable the constructed wetland to have important utilization and popularization values.
However, the artificial wetland is affected by natural conditions such as climate temperature, and also affected by problems such as uneven water distribution and easy generation of siltation. The land allocated to the constructed wetland in the engineering is often irregularly shaped, and the constructed wetland constructed on the basis of the land is often low in treatment efficiency due to uneven water distribution.
In large constructed wetlands, even in a regular shape, the water distribution is often uneven and rapidly enlarged due to local blockage, so that the treatment capacity rapidly drops, for example, the treatment capacity of a certain drinking water source for treating the constructed wetland rapidly drops from 10 ten thousand m 3/d to 5 ten thousand m 3/d in less than 3 years.
Along with popularization and application of the constructed wetland, construction of special-shaped wetland and large-scale wetland is increased, a construction technology of the constructed wetland is urgently needed, the problem of uneven water distribution is solved, treatment efficiency is improved, and service life of the constructed wetland is effectively prolonged.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a composite construction method of a large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland, which is easy to implement and convenient to operate, realizes uniform water distribution by adopting different types of wetland combinations, has the characteristics of good flow state, easy maintenance and stable treatment effect, and can organically combine ecological functions and treatment functions.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The invention relates to a composite construction method of a large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland, which comprises the combination of the technologies of decomposing the large-scale or abnormal-shaped constructed wetland, constructing regular constructed wetland units, constructing transition sections and the like. Specifically, the composite construction method of the large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland comprises the following steps:
A. decomposing the large or abnormal artificial wetland into one or more groups, wherein the area of each group is not more than 4500-9000 m 2, and the number of groups is generally not more than 10;
B. Each group of artificial wetland is divided into 2 stages or more regular artificial wetland treatment units, and the adjacent 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units are connected by the transition section, wherein:
The regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises a regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and/or a regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit comprises a regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit and/or a regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit;
The transition section comprises a horizontal subsurface flow wetland type transition section or a surface flow wetland type transition section;
C. If step B cannot be achieved, repeating step A and adjusting the packet.
Preferably, in the step B, the area of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit is not more than 3000m 2, the length-width ratio is 2:1-10:1, the water depth is 0.2 m-0.8 m, and the hydraulic gradient is not more than 0.5%; the area of the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is not more than 800m 2, the length-width ratio is not more than 10:1, the length is not more than 20-50 m, the hydraulic gradient is 0.5-1.0%, the water depth is 0.4-1.6 m, and the water surface is 0.05-0.20 m lower than the surface of the matrix; the area of the regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is not more than 1500m 2, the length-width ratio is 2:1, the length is not more than 20 m-50 m, the hydraulic gradient is not more than 1.0%, and the water depth is 1.5m.
Further, in the step B, the ratio of the average length of the transition section along the water flow direction to the average width perpendicular to the water flow direction is 0.15:1-3:1.
Preferably, in the step B, the depth of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland transition section is the deeper one in the front-back regular constructed wetland treatment unit, and the filler grading is configured as follows: 1.8-4 times of the larger effective grain diameter in the regular constructed wetland treatment units is adopted for connecting the two regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment units; when the surface flow wetland type transition section is used for regulating the connection between the surface flow wetland treatment units, the water depth is 1.5-2.5 times that of the front unit and the rear unit which are larger; when the water depth is 1.5-2.5 times of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit when the water depth is used for the connection between the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit; when used for regulating the connection between the subsurface flow wetland treatment units, the lower bottom of the subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is flush with the lower bottom of the front and rear units.
Preferably, in the step A, if a surface flow wetland is adopted, each group of areas does not exceed 9000m 2; if the subsurface wetland is adopted, the area of each group is not more than 4500m 2; if the combination of the surface flow wetland and the subsurface flow wetland is adopted, the area of each group is not more than 7000m 2.
Further, in the step B, the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit, the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit are rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped.
The invention has the innovation point that a specific constructed wetland transition section is added in the middle of the traditional constructed wetland. The two large-scale short plates of the technology, which are difficult to effectively utilize irregular land and water distribution uniformity of large-scale constructed wetlands, are solved through the innovation.
By adopting the constructed wetland, the typical treatment effect of treating rural sewage is shown in the following table:
| Project | COD | TN | TP | Ammonia nitrogen | Escherichia coli |
| Inlet water (mg/L) | 55 | 28 | 2 | 22 | 90* |
| Effluent (mg/L) | 16 | 11 | 0.5 | 8 | 4* |
| Removal rate of | 71％ | 61％ | 75％ | 64％ | 96％ |
* : Unit X10 3 CFU/100mL
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
(1) The invention realizes the construction of the special-shaped constructed wetland, solves the problem that the short plates are utilized in irregular plots in the prior art, and further ensures that the constructed wetland can have the landscape function of the special-shaped constructed wetland and the treatment function of the traditional constructed wetland;
(2) The technical limit of 1500-3000 m 2 of a single group of traditional constructed wetlands is broken through, the construction of the single group 4500-9000 m 2 extra-large constructed wetlands can be realized, the maximum of a single group of gauge dies can be enlarged by 200%, and the construction of the large constructed wetlands and the extra-large constructed wetlands is facilitated;
(3) The invention can realize the uniformity of water distribution reaching more than 80-90%, and improves the treatment efficiency by more than 20% compared with the traditional constructed wetland by more than 10-20%, thereby correspondingly prolonging the service life of the constructed wetland by more than 20-40%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an artificial wet ground plane constructed in accordance with the present invention (two stages in series).
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an artificial wet ground plane constructed in accordance with the present invention (multi-stage series).
Wherein: 1-water inlet device, 2-water outlet device, 3-regular constructed wetland first section, 4-first transition section, 5-regular constructed wetland second section, 6-second transition section, 7-regular constructed wetland third section.
Detailed Description
According to the figure 1, the large-scale abnormal-shaped constructed wetland (two-stage series connection) comprises a water inlet device 1, a first section 3 of the regular constructed wetland, a first transition section 4, a second section 5 of the regular constructed wetland and a water outlet device 2. The connection relation is as follows: the water inlet device 1 is connected with the first section 3 of the regular artificial wetland, the second section 5 of the regular artificial wetland is connected with the water outlet device 2, and the first section 3 of the regular artificial wetland is connected with the second section 5 of the regular artificial wetland through the first transition section 4.
According to the figure 2, the large-scale abnormal-shaped constructed wetland (multistage series connection) comprises a water inlet device 1, a first section 3 of the regular constructed wetland, a first transition section 4, a second section 5 of the regular constructed wetland, a second transition section 6, a third section 7 of the regular constructed wetland and a water outlet device 2. The connection relation is as follows: the water inlet device 1 is connected with the first section 3 of the regular artificial wetland, the third section 7 of the regular artificial wetland is connected with the water outlet device 2, the first section 3 of the regular artificial wetland is connected with the second section 5 of the regular artificial wetland through the first transition section 4, and the second section 5 of the regular artificial wetland is connected with the third section 7 of the regular artificial wetland through the second transition section 6.
Example 1:
According to the figure 2, a composite construction method of a large-scale abnormal constructed wetland is adopted under the condition of irregular land utilization, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The land parcels are divided into 1 group, two-stage surface flow wetlands and one-stage subsurface flow wetlands are combined into 3 stages which are connected in series, and the area of the group is 2900m 2.
(2) The group of constructed wetlands is divided into 3 regular constructed wetland treatment units. The adjacent 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units are connected by a transition section.
The regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises 2 regular surface flow wetland treatment units and regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment units, and the unit shape is generally rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped. The areas of the 2 regular surface flow wetland treatment units are 1000m 2、900m2 respectively, the length-width ratios are 2:1 and 8:1 respectively, the water depths are 0.4m and 0.6m respectively, and the hydraulic gradient is 0.2%; the area of the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is 800m 2, the length-width ratio is 2:1, the length is 20m, the hydraulic gradient is generally 0.6%, the water depth is generally 1.2m, and the water surface is lower than the surface of the substrate by 0.10m.
The transition sections adopt a surface flow wetland type, the areas are respectively 100m 2、100m2, and the ratio of the average length of the two transition sections along the water flow direction to the average width perpendicular to the water flow direction is respectively 0.15:1 and 0.5:1.
When one surface flow wetland transition section is used for the connection between 2 regular surface flow wetland treatment units, the water depth is 1.5 times that of the front unit and the rear unit which are larger; the other surface flow wetland transition section is used for connecting the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the water depth of the transition section is 2.5 times that of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit.
When one surface flow wetland transition section is used for the connection between one regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, the water depth of the transition section is 1.5 times that of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit; the other surface flow wetland transition section is used for the connection between the other regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the water depth of the transition section is 2.5 times that of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit.
(3) The grouping is possible by checking step (2).
The constructed wetland realizes the following effects:
1) The construction of the special-shaped constructed wetland is realized, the problem that short plates are utilized on irregular plots in the prior art is solved, and the constructed wetland further has the landscape function of the special-shaped constructed wetland and the treatment function of the traditional constructed wetland;
2) By adopting the constructed wetland, the typical treatment effect of treating rural sewage is shown in the following table:
* : unit X10 3 CFU/100mL
Example 2:
according to the method shown in fig. 1, under the condition that the land is large and the constructed wetland area to be constructed is large, a composite construction method of a large and abnormal constructed wetland is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) The plots 10000m 2 are divided into 2 groups, each group adopts a two-stage surface flow wetland combination as shown in figure 1, and the area of each group is 5000m 2.
(2) Each group of artificial wetland is divided into 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units. The adjacent 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units are connected by a transition section.
The regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises two regular surface flow wetland treatment units, the unit shapes are rectangular, the areas of the treatment units are 2000m 2、2600m2 respectively, the length-width ratio is 5:1, the length-width ratio is 10:1, the water depth is 0.2m and 0.8m respectively, and the hydraulic gradient is 0.5%.
The transition section is of a surface flow wetland type, the areas are respectively 200m 2、200m2, and the ratio of the average length of the transition section along the water flow direction to the average width perpendicular to the water flow direction is 1.25:1.
The surface flow wetland transition section is used for the connection between 2 regular surface flow wetland treatment units, and the water depth of the transition section is 2.5 times that of the front unit and the rear unit which are larger.
(3) The grouping is possible by checking step (2).
The constructed artificial wetland is adjusted, so that the following effects are realized:
(1) The single-group constructed wetland breaks through the limit of 3000m 2 of the traditional surface flow wetland, reduces the management difficulty and improves the water distribution uniformity;
(2) The typical treatment effect of treating urban source pollution by adopting the constructed wetland is shown in the following table:
| Project | COD | SS | TP | Ammonia nitrogen | Escherichia coli |
| Inlet water (mg/L) | 80 | 180 | 3.2 | 15 | 150* |
| Effluent (mg/L) | 18 | 20 | 0.7 | 7 | 8* |
| Removal rate of | 78％ | 89％ | 78％ | 53％ | 95％ |
* : Unit X10 3 CFU/100mL
Example 3:
under the conditions of large land utilization and large constructed wetland area required to be constructed, the composite construction method of the large and abnormal constructed wetland is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
(1) Plots 3900m 2 were divided into 3 groups, each group employing two-stage subsurface flow wetland combinations, each group having an area of 1300m 2.
(2) Each group of artificial wetland is divided into 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units. The adjacent 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units are connected by a transition section.
The regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises 2 regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment units, and the unit shape is trapezoid. The regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment units are the same, the areas of the units are 600m 2, the length-length ratio is 6:1, the length is 60m, the hydraulic gradient is generally 1.0%, the water depth is generally 1.6m, and the water surface is lower than the surface of the substrate by 0.20m.
The transition section is of a horizontal subsurface flow wetland type, the areas of the transition section are respectively 50m 2、50m2, the transition section is connected between two regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment units, and the ratio of the average length of the transition section along the water flow direction to the average width perpendicular to the water flow direction is 0.5:1.
The depth of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland transition section is the deeper one in the front-back regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the filler grading is configured as follows: 1.8 to 4 times of the effective grain diameter of the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is adopted.
(3) The grouping is possible by checking step (2).
The constructed wetland is used for treating secondary treatment tail water of a sewage plant, and the following effects are realized:
| Project | COD | TN | TP | Ammonia nitrogen | Escherichia coli |
| Inlet water (mg/L) | 65 | 25 | 0.9 | 15 | 20* |
| Effluent (mg/L) | 18 | 10 | 0.45 | 5 | 1* |
| Removal rate of | 72％ | 60％ | 50％ | 67％ | 95％ |
* : Unit X10 3 CFU/100mL
Example 4:
under the conditions of large land utilization and large constructed wetland area required to be constructed, the composite construction method of the large and abnormal constructed wetland is adopted, and comprises the following steps:
(1) The land parcels are divided into 3 groups, each group adopts two-stage subsurface flow wetland combination, and the area of each group is 540m 2.
(2) Each group of artificial wetland is divided into 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units. The adjacent 2 regular artificial wetland treatment units are connected by a transition section.
The regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises 1 regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit and 1 regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the unit shape is a sector. The area of the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is 300m 2, the length-width ratio is 3:1, the length is 30m, the hydraulic gradient is generally 0.5%, the water depth is generally 0.4m, and the water surface is lower than the surface of the substrate by 0.05m. The area of the regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is 200m 2, the length-length ratio is 2:1, the length is 20m, the hydraulic gradient is not more than 1.0%, and the water depth is 1.5m.
The transition section is of a surface flow wetland type, the area is 40m 2, the transition section is connected between the regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the ratio of the average length of the transition section along the water flow direction to the average width of the transition section perpendicular to the water flow direction is 3:1.
The surface flow wet land transition section is used for connecting the regular vertical subsurface flow wet land treatment unit and the regular horizontal subsurface flow wet land treatment unit, and the lower bottom of the transition section is flush with the lower bottom of the regular vertical subsurface flow wet land treatment unit and the regular horizontal subsurface flow wet land treatment unit.
(3) The grouping is possible by checking step (2).
The constructed wetland is used for treating polluted river water, and the following effects are achieved:
| Project | CODMn | Turbidity degree | Ammonia nitrogen | Escherichia coli |
| Inlet water (mg/L) | 6 | 45* | 2 | 3** |
| Effluent (mg/L) | 3 | 5* | 0.25 | 0.5** |
| Removal rate of | 50％ | 89％ | 88％ | 83％ |
* : Unit NTU
* *: Unit is 10 3 CFU/100mL.
Claims (3)
1. A composite construction method of a large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
A. decomposing the large or abnormal artificial wetland into one or more groups, wherein the area of each group is not more than 4500-9000 m 2;
B. Each group of constructed wetland is divided into 2 or more regular constructed wetland treatment units, and the adjacent 2 regular constructed wetland treatment units are connected by a transition section, wherein:
The regular constructed wetland treatment unit comprises a regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and/or a regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit, and the regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit comprises a regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit and/or a regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit;
The transition section comprises a horizontal subsurface flow wetland type transition section or a surface flow wetland type transition section;
C. if step B can not be achieved, repeating step A and adjusting the grouping;
In the step B, the area of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit is not more than 3000m 2, the length-width ratio is 2:1-10:1, the water depth is 0.2-0.8 m, and the hydraulic gradient is not more than 0.5%;
The area of the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is not more than 800m 2, the length-width ratio is not more than 10:1, the length is not more than 20-50 m, the hydraulic gradient is 0.5-1.0%, the water depth is 0.4-1.6 m, and the water surface is 0.05-0.20 m lower than the surface of the matrix;
The area of the regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is not more than 1500m 2, the length-width ratio is 2:1, the length is not more than 20 m-50 m, the hydraulic gradient is not more than 1.0%, and the water depth is 1.5m;
the ratio of the average length of the transition section along the water flow direction to the average width perpendicular to the water flow direction is 0.15:1-3:1;
The depth of the horizontal subsurface flow wetland type transition section is deeper in the front-back regular constructed wetland treatment unit, and the filler grading is configured as follows: 1.8-4 times of the larger effective grain diameter in the regular constructed wetland treatment units is adopted for connecting the two regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment units;
When the surface flow wetland type transition section is used for regulating the connection between the surface flow wetland treatment units, the water depth is 1.5-2.5 times that of the front unit and the rear unit which are larger; when the water depth is 1.5-2.5 times of the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit when the water depth is used for the connection between the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular subsurface flow wetland treatment unit; when used for regulating the connection between the subsurface flow wetland treatment units, the lower bottom of the subsurface flow wetland treatment unit is flush with the lower bottom of the front and rear units.
2. The composite construction method of the large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step A, if a surface flow wetland is adopted, each group of areas does not exceed 9000m 2; if the subsurface wetland is adopted, the area of each group is not more than 4500m 2; if the combination of the surface flow wetland and the subsurface flow wetland is adopted, the area of each group is not more than 7000m 2.
3. The composite construction method of the large-scale and abnormal-shaped constructed wetland according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step B, the regular surface flow wetland treatment unit, the regular horizontal subsurface flow wetland treatment unit and the regular vertical subsurface flow wetland treatment unit are rectangular, trapezoidal or fan-shaped.
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